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Zhao J, Gao G, Ding J, Liu W, Wang T, Zhao L, Xu J, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Xie Z. Astragaloside I Promotes Lipophagy and Mitochondrial Biogenesis to Improve Hyperlipidemia by Regulating Akt/mTOR/TFEB Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21548-21559. [PMID: 39226078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The simultaneous enhancement of lipophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis has emerged as a promising strategy for lipid lowering. The transcription factor EB (TFEB) exhibits a dual role, whereby it facilitates the degradation of lipid droplets (LDs) through the process of lipophagy while simultaneously stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis to support the utilization of lipophagy products. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of astragaloside I (AS I) on hyperlipidemia and elucidate its underlying mechanism. AS I improved serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and reduced hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation in db/db mice. AS I enhanced the fluorescence colocalization of LDs and autophagosomes and promoted the proteins and genes related to the autolysosome. Moreover, AS I increased the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins and genes, indicating that AS I promoted lipophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, AS I inhibits the protein level of p-TFEB (ser211) expression and promotes TFEB nuclear translocation. The activation of TFEB by AS I was impeded upon the introduction of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) agonist MHY1485. The inhibition of p-mTOR by AS I and the activation of TFEB were no longer observed after administration of the Akt agonist SC-79, which indicated that AS I activated TFEB to promote lipophagy-dependent on the Akt/mTOR pathway and may be a potentially effective pharmaceutical and food additive for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Gai Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiangyan Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhishen Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Chen L, Dong Q, Yang DH, Zhang Q, Zeng J, Wang Y, Liu X, Cui Y, Li M, Luo X, Zhou C, Ye M, Li L, He Y. Astragali radix (Huangqi): a time-honored nourishing herbal medicine. Chin Med 2024; 19:119. [PMID: 39215362 PMCID: PMC11363671 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix (AR, namded Huangqi in Chinese) is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. As a widely used ethnomedicine, the biological activities of AR include immunomodulatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-tumor, cardioprotective, and anti-diabetic effects, with minimum side effects. Currently, it is known that polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids are the indispensable components of AR. In this review, we will elaborate the research advancements of AR on ethnobotany, ethnopharmacological practices, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, clinical uses, quality control, production developments, and toxicology. The information is expected to assist clinicians and scientists in developing useful therapeutic medicines with minimal systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Zhejie Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Liping Chen
- School of Comprehensive Health Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Qin Dong
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Pengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Minglong Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Chengdu Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610045, China
| | - Chongjian Zhou
- HuBei Guizhenyuan Chinese Herbal Medicine Co.Ltd., Hong'an, 438400, China
| | - Mingzhu Ye
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuxin He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
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Ozdemir K, Hakan Barak T, Kurt Celep I, Savasan O, Demirci Kayıran S, Eroglu Ozkan E. Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Potential of an Astragalus Species (Astragalus kurdicus Boiss.). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400699. [PMID: 38860322 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Astragalus kurdicus Boiss. roots are used in folk medicine for antidiabetic purposes. Different Astragalus plant metabolites have a notable potential for antidiabetic activity through varying mechanisms. Herein, this study is designed to assess the antidiabetic activity of Astragalus kurdicus total (AKM: methanol extract, yield: 14.53 %) and sub-extracts (AKB: n-butanol, AKC: chloroform, AKW: water, AKH: hexane extracts), utilizing a range of diabetes-related in vitro methodologies, and to investigate the chemical composition of the plant. The highest astragaloside and saponin content was seen in AKB extract. Among the measured saponins, the abundance of Astragaloside IV (27.41 μg/mg in AKM) was the highest in high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis. Furthermore, flavonoid-rich AKC was found to be mostly responsible for the high antioxidant activity. According to the results of the activity tests, AKW was the most active extract in protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4), and α-amylase inhibition tests (percent inhibitions are: 87.17 %, 82.4 %, and 91.49 % respectively, at 1 mg/mL). AKM and AKW demonstrated the highest efficacy in stimulating the growth of prebiotic microorganisms and preventing the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Thus, for the first time, the antidiabetic activity of A. kurdicus was evaluated from various perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Ozdemir
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, 34116, Turkiye
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Fırat University, Merkez, Elazig, 23200, Turkiye
| | - Timur Hakan Barak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34755, Turkiye
| | - Inci Kurt Celep
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34755, Turkiye
| | - Ozan Savasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34755, Turkiye
| | - Serpil Demirci Kayıran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Cukurova University, Merkez, Adana, 01330, Turkiye
| | - Esra Eroglu Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, 34116, Turkiye
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Jiao M, Zhang Y, Dong Z, Zhang H, Jiang Y. Microencapsulation of multi-component traditional Chinese herbs extracts and its application to traditional Chinese medicines loaded textiles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 240:113970. [PMID: 38788474 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Extracts of traditional Chinese herbs (TCH) contain a variety of anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and other bioactive factors. However, the defect of easy degradation or loss of active ingredients limits its application in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) loaded textiles. In this work, TCH extracts containing different active ingredients were innovatively proposed as the core material of microcapsules. The feasibility of microencapsulation of multi-component TCH extracts in the essential oil state was initially demonstrated. Polyacrylate was also used as a binder to load the microcapsules onto the fabric to improve the durability and wash resistance of the treated fabric. Modeling the oil release of microcapsules for controlled release under different conditions may provide new possible uses for the materials. Results show that the constructed microcapsule has a smooth surface without depression and can be continuously released for over 30 days. The release behavior of microcapsules follows different release mechanisms and can be modulated by temperature and water molecules. The incorporation of microcapsules and polyacrylate does not significantly change the fabric's air permeability, water vapor transmission and hydrophilicity. The washing durability and friction properties of the microcapsule-based fabric are greatly improved, and it can withstand 30 washing tests and 200 friction tests. Moreover, the results of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) release assay using human dermal papilla cells (HDP) as an in vitro template confirm that the microcapsule has no toxic effects on human cells. Therefore, the successful microencapsulation of multi-component TCH extracts indicates their potential application in the field of TCM-loaded textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Jiao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite of Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhaoyong Dong
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite of Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yaming Jiang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite of Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Abdallah WE, Abdelshafeek KA, Elsayed WM, AbdelMohsen MM, Salah NA, Hassanein HD. Phytochemical and biological investigation of Astragalus Caprinus L. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:294. [PMID: 39090617 PMCID: PMC11295436 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND cultivated and wild plants are used to treat different ailments. The Astragalus genus is found in temperate and dry climates; thus, it is found in Egypt and the arab world. Astragalus caprinus has a good amount of bioactive chemicals, which may help explain its therapeutic effects in reducing the risk of consequences from disease. METHOD The phytochemical investigation of the herb and roots of Astragalus caprinus L. included the analytical characterization for the petroleum ether components by GC/MS, unsaponifiable matter (unsap. fraction), and fatty acids (FAME) investigation by GLC analysis. Main flavonoids were chromatographically isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts. In vitro antimicrobial activity has been tested against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans for different plant extracts, the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, the fungus Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, and the Escherichia coli bacterium. Metabolite cytotoxicity was examined using the MTT assay against HepG-2 (human liver carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma). RESULTS Identifying the important components of the herb and root petroleum ether extracts was achieved. Using column chromatography, luteolin, cosmosiin (apigenin-7-O-glucoside), and cynaroside (luteolin-7-O-glucoside) were separated and identified using UV, NMR, and Mass Spectroscopy. Root extracts displayed potential antimicrobial activity against most of the tested pathogens. Both extracts (herb and roots) were active against the MCF-7 cell line and HepG-2 cell line with IC50 62.5 ± 0.64 and 72.4 ± 2.3 µg/ml, and 75.9 ± 2.5 and 96.8 ± 4.2 µg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION Astragalus caprinus seems to be a promising source of bioactive compounds that could potentially aid in preventing disease complications and address common health issues in developing countries. Moreover, the various parts of this plant could be utilized as natural raw materials for producing health-boosting products that could address common health issues in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid E Abdallah
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Abdelshafeek
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Wael M Elsayed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mona M AbdelMohsen
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Neven A Salah
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Heba D Hassanein
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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Li Y, Wang J. Possible mechanism for the protective effect of active ingredients of astragalus membranaceus on diabetes nephropathy. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38856077 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2364350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR), a common traditional Chinese medicinal herb, exhibits protective effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) in extensive researches. Aticles focusing on AR in PubMed were collected and reviewed in order to summarize the latest pharmacological effects on DN. The action mechanisms for protectiving effects of AR were associated with regulation of anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-podocyte apoptosis, restoration of mitochondrial function, restoration of endothelial function in diabetes nephropathy experimental models. Consequently, AR hold promise as potential novel therapeutics for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Nephropathy, Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen518001, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen518001, China
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Chen YJ, Xie MR, Zhou SQ, Liu F. Research state of the herbal medicine Huangqi (Radix Astragali): A global and bibliometric study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37277. [PMID: 38394541 PMCID: PMC11309597 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huangqi (Radix Astragali) is a natural medicine with a wide range of uses. The research related to Huangqi is getting hotter and the number of publications is gradually increasing. This study aims to explore the current status and emerging trends of Huangqi-related research. METHOD Huangqi-related literature was systemically obtained from the Web of Science database. The CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and, R package "Bibliometrix" tools were used to analyze the number of publications, countries, research institutions, journals, authors, keywords, references, and trends. RESULTS A total of 2255 papers were retrieved for analysis. These papers were written by 11,247 authors from 1927 institutions in 71 countries, published in 570 journals, and cited 73,534 references from 11,553 journals. From 1999 to 2022, the number of publications gradually increased. China was the country with the highest number of publications. The most prolific institution was Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine was the journal publishing the most Huangqi-related literature. Dr Karl Wah Keung Tsim was the authors with the most output publications. The Review, entitle "Review of the Botanical Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Astragalus membranaceous (Huangqi)," was the reference being cited most frequently. The major keywords were apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Gut microbiota and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions were new research hotspots in recent years. CONCLUSION This study used quantitative and visual analysis of Huangqi to provide insights into the research priorities, frontier research hotspots, and future research trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- National TCM Master Liu Zuyi Inheritance Studio, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Rong Xie
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Zhou
- National TCM Master Liu Zuyi Inheritance Studio, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Liu
- National TCM Master Liu Zuyi Inheritance Studio, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Hinkov A, Tsvetkov V, Shkondrov A, Krasteva I, Shishkov S, Shishkova K. Effect of a Total Extract and Saponins from Astragalus glycyphyllos L. on Human Coronavirus Replication In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16525. [PMID: 38003714 PMCID: PMC10671514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the family Coronaviridae cause diseases in mammals, birds, and wildlife (bats), some of which may be transmissible to humans or specific to humans. In the human population, they can cause a wide range of diseases, mainly affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. In the scientific databases, there are huge numbers of research articles about the antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities of medicinal herbs and crops with different ethnobotanical backgrounds. The subject of our research is the antiviral effect of isolated saponins, a purified saponin mixture, and a methanol extract of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. In the studies conducted for the cytotoxic effect of the substances, CC50 (cytotoxic concentration 50) and MTC (maximum tolerable concentration) were determined by the colorimetric method (MTT assay). The virus was cultured in the MDBK cell line. As a result of the experiments carried out on the influence of substances on viral replication (using MTT-based colorimetric assay for detection of human Coronavirus replication inhibition), it was found that the extract and the purified saponin mixture inhibited 100% viral replication. The calculated selective indices are about 13 and 18, respectively. The obtained results make them promising for a preparation with anti-Coronavirus action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Hinkov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Venelin Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Aleksandar Shkondrov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Ilina Krasteva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Stoyan Shishkov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Kalina Shishkova
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.T.); (S.S.)
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Qin H, Xie L, Zang Y, Han J, Yu J, Luo Z, Ma X. Residue of Chlormequat and Regulatory Effects on the Specialized Metabolites of Astragali Radix. Molecules 2023; 28:6754. [PMID: 37836597 PMCID: PMC10574182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, the utilization of chlormequat in Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Leguminosae) cultivation is prevalent for augmenting rhizome (Astragali Radix) yield. However, indiscriminate and excessive chlormequat employment can detrimentally influence Astragali Radix quality and safety. This research aimed to comprehensively comprehend chlormequat risks and its influence on Astragali Radix metabolites. Diverse chlormequat concentrations were employed in Astragalus mongholicus cultivation, with subsequent analysis of residual chlormequat levels in Astragali Radix across treatment groups. Astragali Radix metabolic profiling was conducted through UPLC-QTOF-MS, and thirteen principal active components were quantified via UFLC-MS/MS. Findings revealed a direct correlation between chlormequat residue levels in Astragali Radix and application concentration, with high-dose residue surpassing 5.0 mg/kg. Metabolomics analysis identified twenty-six distinct saponin and flavonoid metabolites. Notably, the application of chlormequat led to the upregulation of seven saponins (e.g., astragaloside I and II) and downregulation of six flavonoids (e.g., methylnissolin-3-O-glucoside and astraisoflavan-7-O-β-d-glucoside). Quantitative analysis demonstrated variable contents of active ingredients due to differing chlormequat concentrations, leading to astragaloside I increase (14.59-62.55%) and isoastragaloside II increase (4.8-55.63%), while methylnissolin-3-O-glucoside decreased (22.18-41.69%), as did astraisoflavan-7-O-β-d-glucoside (21.09-47.78%). In conclusion, chlormequat application influenced multiple active components in Astragali Radix, causing constituent proportion variations. Elevated chlormequat concentrations led to increased active components alongside heightened chlormequat residues in Astragali Radix. Consequently, prudent chlormequat application during Astragali Radix production is imperative to avert potential detriments to its quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghan Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China;
| | - Lei Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimei Zang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Biomedicine College, Beijing City University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jia Han
- Biomedicine College, Beijing City University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Ghorbani L, Golkar P, Jafary R, Ahmadi M, Allafchian A. Phytochemicals, Essential Oils Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Astragalus spp., Phlomis olivieri and Daphne mucronata in Habitats of Central Iran. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300811. [PMID: 37566100 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated several secondary metabolites, essential oils (EOs) compositions, and antioxidant activity in four medicinal plants that originated in Isfahan rangelands. The species were Astragalus verus, Astragalus adscendens, Daphne mucronata, and Phlomis olivieri. Thirty-two genotypes of these species were evaluated for different biochemical traits. Based on the evaluation of EOs compounds, GC/MS analysis revealed the total number of identified compounds. These compounds were 25, 22, 12, and 22 for A. adscendens, A. verus, D. mucronata, and P. olivieri, respectively. The dominant compounds were phthalate (59.88 %) in A. adscendens, phytol (38.02 %) in A. verus, hexanoic acid (32.05 %) in D. mucronata and β-cubebene (30.94 %) in P. olivieri. Phytochemical analysis showed that D. mucronata, A. adscendens, and P. olivieri had the highest total phenolics content (TPC) (18.24 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight), total flavonoids content (5.57 mg QE/g DW), and total anthocyanins content (0.23 mg/g DW), respectively. The highest total chlorophyll (0.27 mg/g DW), total carotenoids (0.03 mg/g DW), and antioxidant activity (71.36 %) were observed in A. adscendens, A. adscendens and A. verus, respectively. Among all genotypes, the highest TPC (20.1 mg GAE/g DW) was observed in genotype 5 of D. mucronata. This study provided new information on the chemical compounds within the distribution range of these ecologically dominant rangeland species in Isfahan province, Iran. The data revealed that superior genotypes from these species are rich in natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Thus, they can be used in ethno pharmacological fields, food, and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghorbani
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Pooran Golkar
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Reza Jafary
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ahmadi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Alireza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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Meng Y, Sui X, Pan X, Zhang X, Sui H, Xu T, Zhang H, Liu T, Liu J, Ge P. Density-oriented deep eutectic solvent-based system for the selective separation of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus var. Mongholicus under ultrasound-assisted conditions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106522. [PMID: 37451008 PMCID: PMC10368916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The water extraction and ethanol precipitation method is an extraction method based on the solubility characteristics of polysaccharides that offers wide applicability in the extraction and separation of plant polysaccharides. However, this method leads to large amounts of proteins, nucleic acids, pigments, and other impurities in the polysaccharides products, which makes downstream purification complicated and time-consuming. In this study, a green, high-density natural deep eutectic solvents was used for the high-purity extraction and separation of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao roots under ultrasound-assisted conditions. In this study, 16 different natural deep eutectic solvents were designed to screen the best solvent for extracting Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs). Based on the yield and recovery of APSs, a natural deep eutectic solvents composed of choline chloride and oxalic acid with a molar ratio of 1:2 was selected. The related factors affecting polysaccharides extraction and solvent precipitation were investigated. To improve the operating methodology, single-factor trials, a Plackett-Burman design, and a Box-Behnken design were used. The optimal extraction process conditions were obtained as follows: water content of 55%, liquid-solid ratio of 24 mL/g, ultrasonic irradiation time of 54 min, ultrasonic irradiation temperature of 50 °C, ultrasonic irradiation power of 480 W, ethanol precipitation time of 24 h, and ethanol concentration of 75%. Under optimal extraction conditions, the recovery of APSs was 61.4 ± 0.6 mg/g. Considering the special matrix characteristics of A. membranaceus var. Mongholicus roots, physical-technology-based ultrasonic waves promote penetration, and the mass transfer function also solves the bottleneck of high-viscosity deep eutectic solvents in the extraction stage. In comparison with the conventional method, the proposed method based on deep eutectic solvents isolation can significantly increase APSs recovery, which is beneficial to simplifying the process of polysaccharides purification by using solvent properties to separate extracts and reduce impurities in APSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Xu Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Huimin Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Honglian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China; Basic Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150040 Harbin, China.
| | - Jicheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, 161006 Qiqihar, China
| | - Pengling Ge
- Basic Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150040 Harbin, China
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Huai B, Huai B, Su Z, Song M, Li C, Cao Y, Xin T, Liu D. Systematic evaluation of combined herbal adjuvant therapy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1157189. [PMID: 37274344 PMCID: PMC10232951 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1157189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined traditional Chinese medicine in the adjuvant treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) by Meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang databases were searched by computer. Random controlled clinical trials (RCTS) using traditional Chinese medicine as adjuvant therapy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy were screened, and Stata16.0 software was used to perform meta-analysis on the final included literatures. Results A total of 18 studies involving 1392 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that the clinical effective rate OR=2.99 (CI: 2.18-4.10, I2 = 42.7%, P<0.05); Visual acuity MD=0.10(CI: 0.06-0.13, I2 = 0%, P<0.05); Fundus efficacy OR=5.47 (CI: 1.33-22.51, I2 = 71.4%, P<0.05); Neovascularisation regression rate OR=8 (CI: 3.83-16.71, I2 = 30.1%, P<0.05); Macular foveal thickness MD=-44.24 (CI: -84.55-3.93, I2 = 95.6%, P<0.05); Absorption of vitreous hemorrhage OR=4.7 (CI: 2.26-9.77, I2 = 0%, P<0.05); Fasting blood glucose MD=-0.23, (CI: -0.38-0.07, I2 = 0%, P<0.05); 2h postprandial blood glucose MD=-0.19 (CI: -0.52-0.14, I2 = 0%, P=0.25). From the results, the combined Chinese medicine adjuvant therapy showed better efficacy than the control group. A total of 69 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine were involved in 18 studies, among which the top four applied frequencies were Panax notoginseng, Rehmannia rehmannii, Astragalus membranaceus and Poria cocos. Most of the medicines were sweet and bitter in taste, the qi tended to be slight cold and cold, and the meridian tropism belongs to the liver meridian. Conclusion The combination of traditional Chinese medicine adjuvant therapy has a good curative effect on PDR patients. However, the relevant clinical trials are few and more high-quality clinical trials are still needed, what's more the attention should be paid to the exploration of its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogeng Huai
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baosha Huai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenghua Su
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Min Song
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changling Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjuan Cao
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Deshan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Sui M, Kong D, Ruan H, Sun X, Gu W, Guo M, Ding S, Yang M. Distribution Characteristics of Nutritional Elements and Combined Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Medicinal Tea from Genuine Producing Area of China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:984-994. [PMID: 35294744 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of the medicinal tea (MT) system has promoted the health awareness in the whole world, and the nutritional elements are also an important resource of health care delivery except for the medicinal components. Among various medicinal teas, Astragalus membranaceus (AM), Zingiberaceae rhizome (ZR), and Lonicera japonica (LJ) were the most popular ingredients in China. However, except for the nutrition value, MT was inevitably contaminated with heavy metals due to the special planting environment and processing system. This study was aimed to investigate the distribution characteristics of nutrition elements and combined health risk of heavy metals in MT sample, referring to the maximum residue limit (MRL), estimated daily intake (EDI), total target hazard quotients (TTHQs), and lifetime cancer risk (LCR). Furthermore, the bioaccessibility of gastrointestinal phase and bioavailability of human colon adeno carcinoma cell line were selected for elaborating the exact damage degree to human digestive system. The results showed that, the nutritional elements of Na, Se, K, Ca, and Mn were very rich in MT, but a total of 50% of MT were contaminated by Cr, Hg, and Cd in raw material. Although the cumulative lifetime cancer risk can be accepted under the bioaccessibility (26.62-99.27%), the heavy metals of Cr, As, Hg, and Fe in AM and LJ posed a slight threaten of non-carcinogenic risk to consumers. This study will give an exactly assessment of multiple elements in digestive system, thus further to predict the potential health risk under the consumption of MT products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haonan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Characterization of Turkish Astragalus honeys according to their phenolic profiles and biological activities with a chemometric approach. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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A multidimensional chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry approach for the in-depth metabolites characterization of two Astragalus species. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463718. [PMID: 36565652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To address the chemical complexity is indispensable in a number of research fields. Herb metabolome is typically composed by more than one class of structure analogs produced via different biosynthetic pathways. Multidimensional chromatography (MDC), due to the greatly enhanced separation space, offers the potential solution to comprehensive characterization of herbal metabolites. Here, we presented a strategy, by integrating MDC and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS), to accomplish the in-depth herbal metabolites characterization. Using the metabolome of two Astragalus species (A. membranaceus var. mongholicus,AMM; A. membranaceus, AM) as the case, an off-line three-dimensional liquid chromatography (3D-LC) system was established: hydrophilic interaction chromatography using an XAmide column as the first dimension (1D) for fractionating the total extract, on-line reversed-phase × reversed-phase liquid chromatography separately configuring a CSH Fluoro-Phenyl column and a Cosmocore C18 column as the second dimension (2D) and the third dimension (3D) of chromatography to enable the explicit separation of three well fractionated samples. Moreover, the negative-mode collision-induced dissociation by QTOF-MS under the optimized condition could provide diversified fragments that were useful for the structural elucidation of AMM and AM. An in-house library (composed by 247 known compounds) and comparison with 43 reference standards were utilized to assist more reliable characterization. We could characterize 513 compounds from two Astragalus species (344 from AMM and 323 from AM), including 236 flavonoids, 150 triterpenoids, 18 organic acids, and 109 others. Conclusively, the established MDC approach gained excellent performance favoring the analogs-oriented in-depth characterization of herbal metabolites, but received uncompromising analytical efficiency.
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16
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Liu S, Wang W, Chen J, Ma Z, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Du X, Mu Y. Weed suppression and antioxidant activity of Astragalus sinicus L. decomposition leachates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1013443. [PMID: 36466260 PMCID: PMC9709434 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1013443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus sinicus L. (milk vetch), a versatile plant that has a soil-enriching effect as green manure, is widely planted in the temperate zone of China. In previous experiments, milk vetch incorporated into the soil as green manure showed potential for goosegrass control. However, "what exactly happens at the chemical level?" and "what are the compounds that are potentially responsible for the phytotoxic effects observed during those previous assays?" In a recent study, in vitro phytotoxicity bioassays and chemical analyses of milk vetch decomposition leachates were carried out to explore the relationship between the temporal phytotoxic effects and the dynamics of chemical composition. For that, milk vetch decomposition leachates with a decay time of 12 h, 9 days, 12 days, 15 days, and 18 days were analyzed for organic compounds by liquid chromatography. The main results were as follows: (1) three compounds with goosegrass suppression potential produced during the decomposed process, i.e., 4-ethylphenol, N-acrylimorpholine, and allyl isothiocyanate. 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate was present in the 12-h decomposition leachates but was at its highest concentration of 127.1 µg ml-1 at 15 days. (2) The cultures were configured according to the four concentrations of goosegrass-resistant active substances measured in the 15-day decomposition leachate and, as with the 15-day decomposition leachate, the mixture cultures inhibited 100% of goosegrass germination at the high concentrations (≥ 30%), which suggests that these substances have goosegrass suppression potential. (3) The high total phenolic content (302.8-532.3 mg L-1), the total flavonoid content (8.4-72.1 mg L-1), and the reducing activity of the decomposition leachates for different decay times may explain why the incorporation of milk vetch into the soil did not lead to peroxidation of goosegrass in the previous study. (4) Finally, the changes in acid fraction and total content (1.9-4.2 mg ml-1) for different decay times explain the variations in pH of the decomposition leachates, which, when discussed in conjunction with previous studies, may lead to changes in soil nutrient effectiveness and consequently affect crop growth. This study can provide a reference for green weed control research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyun Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youping Xiao
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Du
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Mu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, College of Agronomy/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Liu X, Ge M, Zhai X, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Zhou Z, Mei Z, Yang X. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: A study-level pooled analysis of 44 randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1009571. [PMID: 36313382 PMCID: PMC9606328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has significant effects on reducing 24-h urinary protein (24-h UPRO) and improves renal function indices. The current level of evidence-based medicine is still not enough due to the limitation of clinical center size and sample size. Objective: We aimed to update the current evidence on the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and SinoMed were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical efficacy of TCM combined with Western medicine with that of Western medicine alone for the treatment of DKD. The main outcome measure was 24-h UPRO. The secondary outcomes were serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: A total of 44 RCTs with 3,730 participants were included. The summary estimates showed that compared with Western medicine alone, TCM combined with Western medicine significantly improved 24-h UPRO [standardized mean difference (SMD) −1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.45 to −0.74]. Moreover, TCM combined with Western medicine significantly reduced the levels of other renal function indices, including Scr (SMD −1.25, 95% CI: −1.69 to −0.81) and BUN (SMD −0.75, 95% CI: −1.10 to −0.40). TCM combined with Western medicine also showed greater benefits in reducing the levels of FBG (SMD −0.31, 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.15) and HbA1c (SMD −0.62, 95% CI: −0.89 to −0.36) in patients with DKD. In addition, superior effects on the lipid profile were noted in the TCM combined with Western medicine group in terms of TG (SMD −1.17, 95% CI: −1.76 to −0.59) and TC (SMD −0.95, 95% CI: −1.43 to −0.47). The risk of bias could have resulted from selective reports, unclear randomization methods, unblinded assignments, and some missing data. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that TCM combined with Western medicine has significant effects on reducing 24-h UPRO and improves renal function indices and lipid profiles compared with Western medicine alone for DKD. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of bias of the included trials. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=213199], identifier [CRD: 42020213199].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuele Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyao Ge
- Department of Urology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Department of Urology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaheng Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziling Xu
- Institute of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zubing Mei
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zubing Mei, ; Xuejun Yang,
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zubing Mei, ; Xuejun Yang,
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Huang Y, Yan Q, Jiang M, Guo S, Li H, Lin M, Zhan K, Zhao G, Duan J. Astragalus membranaceus Additive Improves Serum Biochemical Parameters and Reproductive Performance in Postpartum Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:952137. [PMID: 35898551 PMCID: PMC9310658 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.952137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the recovery, immune function, and breeding efficiency of postpartum dairy cows fed Astragalus membranaceus (AM) as a feed additive. The experiment used a completely randomized design. Cows were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) Control group fed total mixed ration (TMR; CON group, n = 15); (2) AM group fed TMR and AM (AM group, n = 15). The AM group was fed 675 g/day. The experimental results showed that compared with the CON group. The breeding interval of the AM group of dairy cows had a tendency to shorten (0.05 < p < 0.1). Plasma viscosity (PV), Plasma fibrinogen (FIB), the red cell aggregation index (TRCAI), Calcitonin (CT), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and Luteinizing hormone (LH) results of AM group showed a time-treatment interaction (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the result of the study revealed that feeding AM as feed additives to dairy cows during the postpartum period had positive effects on wound recovery, immune function, endocrine regulation, and breeding efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Huang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiwei Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Lin
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqi Zhao
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jinao Duan
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Hu Q, Liao W, Zhang Z, Shi S, Hou S, Ji N, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Liao Y, Li L, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Chen J, Yu F, Yang Q, Xiao H, Fu C, Du H, Wang Q, Cao H, Xiao H, Li R. The hepatoprotective effects of plant-based foods based on the "gut-liver axis": a prospective review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9136-9162. [PMID: 35466839 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2064423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the "gut-liver axis" in the pathogenesis of liver diseases has been revealed recently; which promotes the process of developing preventive and therapeutic strategies. However, considering that there are still many challenges in the medical treatment of liver diseases, potential preventive dietary intervention may be a good alternative choice. Plant-based foods have received much attention due to their reported health-promoting effects in targeting multiple pathways involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases as well as the relative safety for general use. Based on the PubMed and Web of Science databases, this review emphatically summarizes the plant-based foods and their chemical constituents with reported effects to impact the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway of gut-liver axis of various liver diseases, reflecting their health benefits in preventing/alleviating liver diseases. Moreover, some plant-based foods with potential gut-liver effects are specifically analyzed from the reported studies and conclusions. This review intends to provide readers an overview of the current progress in the field of this research topic. We expect to see more hepatoprotective measures for alleviating the current prevalence of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuguang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ningping Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Linghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Fangkun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Heping Cao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
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20
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Dong X, Xiao CJ, Jiang B. Chemical Constituents of the Roots of Astragalus polycladus var. nigrescens. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220110140518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
A new cycloartane triterpenoid, 24-acetylcyclocantogenin (1), along with five cycloartane triterpenoids (2-6), eight steroids (7-14) and nine other known compounds (15-23), was obtained from the methanol extract of roots of Astragalus polycladus var. nigrescens. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D-NMR, MS and IR). They were isolated from A. polycladus var. nigrescens for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- nstitute of Materia Medica College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan (Cultivation), Dali 671000, People’s Republic of China; 3Dali Nursing Vocational College, Dali 671006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Yang
- Dali Nursing Vocational College, Dali 671006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Dong
- nstitute of Materia Medica College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan (Cultivation), Dali 671000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao-Jiang Xiao
- nstitute of Materia Medica College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan (Cultivation), Dali 671000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Jiang
- nstitute of Materia Medica College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan (Cultivation), Dali 671000, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Li X, Guo X, Sha M, Gao W, Li X. Combining network pharmacology with chromatographic fingerprinting and multi-component quantitative analysis for the quality evaluation of Astragali Radix. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5319. [PMID: 34984720 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the cultivated variant and adulterant of Astragali Radix (AR) have flooded the market, causing the quality of AR to be challenging to distinguish. To address this issue, we combined network pharmacology with chromatographic fingerprinting and multi-component quantitative analysis for the quality evaluation of AR. Specifically, through network pharmacology, a complete understanding of the active components and pharmacological activities of AR was established. In addition, the establishment of the fingerprint profiles and multi-component quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is convenient and comprehensive, which can more fully reflect the overall situation of the distribution of various chemical components. To evaluate and differentiate AR from different origins, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. The result showed that AR acts synergistically through multiple targets and pathways. And the content of chemical components in AR from different origins varied significantly. Combining network pharmacology and multi-component quantification results, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV and formononetin can be used as quality markers for quality control of AR. This study provides a comprehensive and reliable strategy for the quality evaluation of AR and identifies its quality markers to ensure the quality of the herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhuhai Campus, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Miao Sha
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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22
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Luo LP, Suo P, Ren LL, Liu HJ, Zhang Y, Zhao YY. Shenkang Injection and Its Three Anthraquinones Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis by Simultaneous Targeting IƙB/NF-ƙB and Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:800522. [PMID: 35002735 PMCID: PMC8729217 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.800522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are important and critical mediators in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications. Shenkang injection (SKI) has been widely used to treat patients with CKD. Although the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity was involved in SKI against CKD, its bioactive components and underlying mechanism remain enigmatic. A rat model of adenine-induced chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with, and largely driven by, oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, we identified the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory components of SKI and further revealed their underlying mechanism in the adenine-induced CRF rats. Compared with control rats, the levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were significantly increased in the adenine-induced CRF rats. However, treatment with SKI and its three anthraquinones including chrysophanol, emodin, and rhein could reverse these aberrant changes. They could significantly inhibit pro-fibrotic protein expressions including collagen I, α-SMA, fibronectin, and vimentin in the kidney tissues of the adenine-induced CRF rats. Of note, SKI and rhein showed the stronger inhibitory effect on these pro-fibrotic protein expressions than chrysophanol and emodin. Furthermore, they could improve dysregulation of IƙB/NF-ƙB and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. Chrysophanol and emodin showed the stronger inhibitory effect on the NF-κB p65 protein expression than SKI and rhein. Rhein showed the strongest inhibitory effect on p65 downstream target gene products including NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p47phox, p67phox, and gp91phox) and COX-2, MCP-1, iNOS, and 12-LO in the kidney tissues. However, SKI and rhein showed the stronger inhibitory effect on the significantly downregulated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative protein expression nuclear Nrf2 and its target gene products including HO-1, catalase, GCLC, and NQO1 in the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway than chrysophanol and emodin. This study first demonstrated that SKI and its major components protected against renal fibrosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via simultaneous targeting IƙB/NF-ƙB and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways, which illuminated the potential molecular mechanism of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of SKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Pu Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Suo
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Li Ren
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yamei Zhang
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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23
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Sheng Z, Jiang Y, Liu J, Yang B. UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis on Flavonoids Composition in Astragalus membranaceus and Their Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1852. [PMID: 34829723 PMCID: PMC8614773 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is a valuable medicinal plant species widely distributed in Asia. Its root is the main medicinal tissue rich in methoxylated flavonoids. Origin can highly influence the chemical composition and bioactivity. To characterize the principal chemicals influenced by origin and provide more information about their antioxidant profile, the extracts of A. membranaceus roots from four origins were analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Thirty-four flavonoids, including thirteen methoxylated flavonoids, fifteen flavonoid glycosides and six flavonols, were identified. By principal component analysis, eighteen identified compounds were considered to be principal compounds. They could be used to differentiate A. membranaceus from Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Gansu. The antioxidant activity was analysed by ORAC assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity assay and cell antioxidant activity assay. 'Inner Mongolia' extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. These results were helpful to understand how origin influenced the quality of A. membranaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Sheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Bao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Astragalus Polysaccharides and Saponins Alleviate Liver Injury and Regulate Gut Microbiota in Alcohol Liver Disease Mice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112688. [PMID: 34828972 PMCID: PMC8623381 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus, a medical and edible plant in China, shows several bioactive properties. However, the role of astragalus in attenuating alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is less clear. The objective of this project is to investigate the improving effect of astragalus saponins (AS) and astragalus polysaccharides (AP), which are the two primary constituents in astragalus on hepatic injury induced by alcohol, and the potential mechanisms of action. Different doses of AS (50 and 100 mg/kg bw) and AP (300 and 600 mg/kg bw) were orally given to alcohol-treated mice for four weeks. The results demonstrated that both AP and AS could reverse the increase of the levels of TC, TG, FFA, and LDL-C in serum, and the decrease of serum HDL-C content, as well as the elevation of hepatic TC and TG levels induced by alcohol. The activities of AST, ALT, ALP, and γ-GT in ALD mice were raised after AP and AS supplementation. The antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px) were obviously augmented and the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and hepatic histological variations were alleviated by AP and AS, which was in line with the levels of oxidative stress-associated genes (Keap1, Nfe2l2, Nqo1, and Hmox1) and inflammation-associated genes (Tlr4, Myd88 and Nfkb1). In addition, AS exerted a more efficient effect than AP and the results presented dose proportionality. Moreover, AS and AP could modulate the intestinal microbiota disturbance induced by alcohol. Overall, AS and AP administration could ameliorate lipid accumulation in the serum and liver, as well as hepatic function, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut flora disorders in mice as a result of alcohol.
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25
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Guo L, Sun Y, Ping X, Liu J, Wang X, Qin N. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract of
Astragalus membranaceus
aerial parts. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Xueli Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong China
| | - Nan Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Jinzhong China
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26
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GC-MS Based Identification of the Volatile Components of Six Astragalus Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010124. [PMID: 33435616 PMCID: PMC7827139 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The compositions of volatile components in the aerial parts of six Astragalus species, namely A. campylotrichus (Aca), A. chiwensis (Ach), A. lehmannianus (Ale), A. macronyx (Ama), A. mucidus (Amu) and A. sieversianus (Asi), were investigated using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Ninety-seven metabolites were identified, accounting for 73.28, 87.03, 74.38, 87.93, 85.83, and 91.39% of Aca, Ach, Ale, Ama, Amu and Asi whole oils, respectively. Sylvestrene was the most predominant component in Asi, Amu and Ama, with highest concentration in Asi (64.64%). In addition, (E)-2-hexenal was present in a high percentage in both Ale and Ach (9.97 and 10.1%, respectively). GC-MS based metabolites were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) to explore the correlations between the six species. The PCA score plot displayed clear differentiation of all Astragalus species and a high correlation between the Amu and Ama species. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using various assays, phosphomolybdenum (PM), 2,2 diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 2,2-azino bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing power (FRAP) and ferrous ion chelation (FIC) assays. In addition, the potential for the volatile samples to inhibit both acetyl/butyrylcholinesterases (AChE, BChE), α- amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase was assessed. Most of the species showed considerable antioxidant potential in the performed assays. In the DPPH assay, Ama exhibited the maximum activity (24.12 ± 2.24 mg TE/g sample), and the volatiles from Amu exhibited the highest activity (91.54 mgTE/g oil) in the ABTS radical scavenging assay. The effect was more evident in both CUPRAC and FRAP assays, where both Ale and Ama showed the strongest activity in comparison with the other tested species (84.06, 80.28 mgTE/g oil for CUPRAC and 49.47, 49.02 mgTE/g oil for FRAP, respectively). Asi demonstrated the strongest AChE (4.55 mg GALAE/g oil) and BChE (3.61 mg GALAE/g oil) inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the best tyrosinase inhibitory potential was observed for Ale (138.42 mg KAE/g). Accordingly, Astragalus species can be utilized as promising natural sources for many medicinally important components that could be tested as drug candidates for treating illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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