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Bidart JE, Pertino MW, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Alché LE, Petrera E. Antiviral Effect of Natural and Semisynthetic Diterpenoids against Adenovirus Infection in vitro. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1001-1009. [PMID: 36940926 DOI: 10.1055/a-2058-3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of viruses has highlighted the need to develop new broad-spectrum antivirals to mitigate human infections. Pursuing our search for new bioactive plant-derived molecules, we study several diterpene derivatives synthesized from jatropholones A and B and carnosic acid isolated from Jatropha isabellei and Rosmarinus officinalis, respectively. Here, we investigate the antiviral effect of the diterpenes against human adenovirus (HAdV-5) that causes several infections for which there is no approved antiviral therapy yet. Ten compounds are evaluated and none of them present cytotoxicity in A549 cells. Only compounds 2, 5 and 9 inhibit HAdV-5 replication in a concentration-dependent manner, without virucidal activity, whereas the antiviral action takes place after virus internalization. The expression of viral proteins E1A and Hexon is strongly inhibited by compounds 2 and 5 and, in a lesser degree, by compound 9. Since compounds 2, 5 and 9 prevent ERK activation, they might exert their antiviral action by interfering in the host cell functions required for virus replication. Besides, the compounds have an anti-inflammatory profile since they significantly inhibit the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 produced by THP-1 cells infected with HAdV-5 or with an adenoviral vector. In conclusion, diterpenes 2, 5 and 9 not only exert antiviral activity against adenovirus but also are able to restrain pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Esteban Bidart
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Mariano Walter Pertino
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Laura Edith Alché
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erina Petrera
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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de Sousa ALM, Rizaldo Pinheiro R, Furtado Araujo J, Mesquita Peixoto R, de Azevedo DAA, Cesar Lima AM, Marques Canuto K, Vasconcelos Ribeiro PR, de Queiroz Souza AS, Rocha Souza SC, de Amorim SL, Paula Amaral G, de Souza V, de Morais SM, Andrioli A, da Silva Teixeira MF. In vitro antiviral effect of ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach against goat lentivirus in colostrum and milk. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4677. [PMID: 36949145 PMCID: PMC10031174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the use of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) and Melia azedarach (M. azedarach) as antivirals against caprine lentivirus (CLV) in colostrum and milk of goat nannies. These were collected from eight individuals and infected with the standard strain of CLV. Samples were then subdivided into aliquots and treated with 150 µg/mL of crude extract, and with ethyl acetate and methanol fractions for 30, 60, and 90 min. Next, somatic cells from colostrum and milk were co-cultured with cells from the ovine third eyelid. After this step, viral titers of the supernatants collected from treatments with greater efficacy in co-culture were assessed. The organic ethyl acetate fractions of both plants at 90 min possibly inhibited the viral activity of CLV by up to a thousandfold in colostrum. In milk, this inhibition was up to 800 times for the respective Meliaceae. In conclusion, the ethanolic fraction of ethyl acetate from both plants demonstrated efficacy against CLV in samples from colostrum and milk when subjected to treatment, which was more effective in colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lidia Madeira de Sousa
- Laboratory of Virology (LABOVIR), State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- Faculdade Educar da Ibiapaba, Ípu, CE, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Renato Mesquita Peixoto
- Vale do Salgado University Center (UNIVS), Icó, CE, Brazil
- Terra Nordeste College (FATENE), Caucaia, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Milena Cesar Lima
- Scholarship for Regional Scientific Development of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (DCR-CNPq/FUNCAP), Level C, Embrapa Goats and Sheep, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Kirley Marques Canuto
- Multiuser Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sara Lucena de Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rondônia, Rolim de Moura, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane de Souza
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Embrapa Goats and Sheep, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Selene Maia de Morais
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Natural Products (LQPN), Ceará State University, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alice Andrioli
- Laboratory of Virology, Embrapa Goats and Sheep, Sobral, CE, Brazil
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Parra ALC, Bezerra LP, Shawar DE, Neto NAS, Mesquita FP, da Silva GO, Souza PFN. Synthetic antiviral peptides: a new way to develop targeted antiviral drugs. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global concern over emerging and re-emerging viral infections has spurred the search for novel antiviral agents. Peptides with antiviral activity stand out, by overcoming limitations of the current drugs utilized, due to their biocompatibility, specificity and effectiveness. Synthetic peptides have been shown to be viable alternatives to natural peptides due to several difficulties of using of the latter in clinical trials. Various platforms have been utilized by researchers to predict the most effective peptide sequences against HIV, influenza, dengue, MERS and SARS. Synthetic peptides are already employed in the treatment of HIV infection. The novelty of this study is to discuss, for the first time, the potential of synthetic peptides as antiviral molecules. We conclude that synthetic peptides can act as new weapons against viral threats to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura LC Parra
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Leandro P Bezerra
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Dur E Shawar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Nilton AS Neto
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Mesquita
- Drug Research & Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Cel. Nunes de Melo, Rodolfo Teófilo, 1000, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly O da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Pedro FN Souza
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, 60440-554, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Cel. Nunes de Melo, Rodolfo Teófilo, 1000, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Mammari N, Krier Y, Albert Q, Devocelle M, Varbanov M. Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Agents in Systemic Viral Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080774. [PMID: 34451871 PMCID: PMC8400714 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of viruses in systemic infections for the development of prevention strategies and very promising antiviral therapies. Viruses still remain one of the main causes of human diseases, mainly because the development of new vaccines is usually challenging and drug resistance has become an increasing concern in recent decades. Therefore, the development of potential antiviral agents remains crucial and is an unmet clinical need. One abundant source of potential therapeutic molecules are plants: they biosynthesize a myriad of compounds, including peptides which can have antimicrobial activity. Our objective is to summarize the literature on peptides with antiviral properties derived from plants and to identify key features of these peptides and their application in systemic viral infections. This literature review highlights studies including clinical trials which demonstrated that plant cyclotides have the ability to inhibit the growth of viruses causing human diseases, defensin-like peptides possess anti-HIV-1 activity, and lipid transfer proteins and some lectins exhibit a varied antimicrobial profile. To conclude, plant peptides remain interesting to explore in the context of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Mammari
- L2CM, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Ysaline Krier
- Faculté de Pharmacie, 7 Avenue de la Foret de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France;
| | - Quentin Albert
- Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology, INRAE/Aix-Marseille University, UMR1163, 13009 Marseille, France;
- CIRM-CF, INRAE/Aix Marseille University, UMR1163, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Devocelle
- SSPC (SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals), V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123, St. Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mihayl Varbanov
- L2CM, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Petrera E, Coto CE. Effect of the potent antiviral 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin on cytokine production by murine macrophages stimulated with HSV-2. Phytother Res 2013; 28:104-9. [PMID: 23512754 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The limonoid 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin (CDM) isolated from leaf extracts of Melia azedarach L, has potent antiherpetic effect in epithelial cells. Since Meliacine, the partially purified extract source of CDM, has therapeutic effect on murine genital herpes, the potential use of CDM as microbicide against herpetic infections was studied here. To determine the cytotoxic effect of CDM, the MTT assay and acridine orange staining of living cells were performed. The antiherpetic action of CDM was measured by plaque reduction assay, and the immunomodulatory effect was determined by measuring the cytokine production using a bioassay and ELISA method. The results presented here showed that CDM inhibited Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2) multiplication in Vero cells but did not affect its replication in macrophages which were not permissive to HSV infection. In macrophages, levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, NO, IL-6 and IL-10 were increased by CDM used alone or in combination with HSV-2. Besides, CDM not only synergized TNF-α production combined with IFN-γ, but also prolonged its expression in time. Results indicate that CDM inhibits HSV-2 multiplication in epithelial cells and also increases cytokine production in macrophages, both important actions to the clearance of infecting virus in the mouse vagina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Petrera
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cytotoxic activity of five limonoids from Meliae cortex and their structure-activity relationship. Chin J Nat Med 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1009.2012.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dhawan BN. Anti-Viral Activity of Indian Plants. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, INDIA. SECTION B 2012; 82:209-224. [PMID: 32226204 PMCID: PMC7099914 DOI: 10.1007/s40011-011-0016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants continue to be a major source for new chemical entities to develop novel therapeutic agents. Large number of plants has been shown to be active in vitro against a variety of human pathogenic viruses or their near congeners. In several cases the active compounds have been isolated and characterized. Very few of them, however, have been investigated in detail in vivo or taken to the clinic. Pure compounds like andrographolide, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid as well as extracts of Azadirachta indica have shown activity against several viruses and should be investigated further for their therapeutic potential. An analysis of available data from several hundred species indicates that antiviral activity is more likely to be found in plants belonging to certain families. It is necessary to screen more plants of these families which are available in India to obtain further leads.
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Caboni P, Ntalli NG, Bueno CE, Alchè LE. Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Components with Biological Activity Extracted from Azadirachta indicaand Melia azedarach. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1093.ch004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Caboni
- Dipartimento di Tossicologia, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 4to. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. G. Ntalli
- Dipartimento di Tossicologia, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 4to. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C. E. Bueno
- Dipartimento di Tossicologia, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 4to. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L. E. Alchè
- Dipartimento di Tossicologia, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 4to. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kumar SV, Sanghai DB, Rao CM, Shreedhara C. Histological and physiochemical standardization of Melia azedarach. Linn bark. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Deng Z, Yuan T, Cui S, Liu S, Xie Y, Yao Q. Development and validation of an LC-MS-MS method for determination of methyl kulonate in rat plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:857-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jinan; 250062; People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Rhode Island; RI 02881; USA
| | - Shuxiang Cui
- Institute of Materia Medica; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jinan; 250062; People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochao Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jinan; 250062; People's Republic of China
| | - Yanying Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jinan; 250062; People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Institute of Materia Medica; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jinan; 250062; People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Ooi VEC, Ang PO. Anti-herpesviral property and mode of action of a polysaccharide from brown seaweed (Hydroclathrus clathratus). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Petrera E, Coto CE. Therapeutic effect of meliacine, an antiviral derived from Melia azedarach L., in mice genital herpetic infection. Phytother Res 2010; 23:1771-7. [PMID: 19441066 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since natural products are considered powerful sources of novel drug discovery, a partially purified extract (meliacine) from the leaves of Melia azedarach L., a plant used in traditional medicine in India for the treatment of several diseases, has been studied. Meliacine exhibits a potent antiviral effect against several viruses without displaying cytotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intravaginal administration of meliacine in a mouse model of genital herpetic infection. BALB/c female mice were infected with MS or G strains of Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 and then treated with meliacine topically. An overall protective effect was observed. Animal survival increased, the severity of the disease was reduced, life span was extended and virus shedding in vagina fluids was diminished. In addition, meliacine reduced the amount of virus that migrated to the brain and vaginal fluids presented higher levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha than untreated infected mice. These results indicate that meliacine could be an alternative therapeutic compound against HSV-2 genital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Petrera
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yarnell
- President of the Botanical Medicine Academy, a specialty board for using medicinal herbs, and is a faculty member at Bastyr University in Kenmore, Washington
| | - Kathy Abascal
- Executive director of the Botanical Medicine Academy in Vashon, Washington
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Wang H, Ooi EV, Ang PO. Antiviral activities of extracts from Hong Kong seaweeds. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2009; 9:969-76. [PMID: 19067465 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0820154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We extracted six Hong Kong brown seaweed species with hot water for their antiviral properties. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of these extracts were tested by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenlytetrezolium bromide] method, cytopathic effect reduction assay, and plaque reduction assay. The antiviral effect was further determined by flow cytometric analysis. The results showed that most of these extracts inhibited the propagation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) standard strains with very low cytotoxicity to the host cells. The extracts of Hydroclathrus clathratus and Lobophora variegata showed more potential anti-HSV activities than the extracts of the other four seaweeds. They also had moderate anti- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activities but could not inhibit influenza A virus. Hydroclathrus clathratus was further extracted by diluted acid and alkali and the antiviral effects of the extracts were also detected. The result showed that the hot water extract contained the main carbohydrate components that exhibited the antiviral activities against various strains of HSV, including the acyclovir-resistant strain. HI-3, a compound fractionated from this hot water extract, showed a dose-dependent anti-HSV activity in flow cytometric analysis and plaque reduction assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Saleem R, Rani R, Ahmed M, Sadaf F, Ahmad SI, ul Zafar N, Khan SS, Siddiqui BS, Ansari F, Khan SA, Faizi S. Effect of cream containing Melia azedarach flowers on skin diseases in children. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:231-236. [PMID: 18375108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A herbal cream containing a methanolic HPLC-standardized extract of Melia azedarach flowers has been prepared and found potent against bacterial skin diseases like cellulitis, pustules, pyogenic infections, etc. in children. The results obtained are comparable to those with neomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubeena Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
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Petrera E, Coto CE. The synergistic effect of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma against HSV-2 replication in Vero cells is not interfered by the plant antiviral 1-cinnamoyl-3, 11-dihydroxymeliacarpin. Virol J 2006; 3:45. [PMID: 16772029 PMCID: PMC1525181 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-3-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that gamma interferon (IFN-γ) synergizes with IFN-α/β to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in vitro. Since IFN response represents an early host defense event against viral infection and the fact that treatment with meliacine, a plant antiviral, ameliorate the severity of the herpetic infection in female mice infected intravaginally with HSV-2, we wanted to investigate whether the administration of meliacine to HSV-2 infected mice could altered the homoestasis of IFNs host response. For this purpose we studied the effect of the compound 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin (CDM), which is the responsible for meliacine antiviral action, on the HSV-2 inhibition exerted by IFN α, IFN-γ or their combination. Results We have found that like HSV-1, IFN-γ synergizes with IFN-α to inhibit HSV-2 replication in Vero cells. While treatment with IFN-α or IFN-γ alone has weak antiviral action, HSV-2 plaque formation, viral replication and the onset of viral CPE in Vero cells are synergistically inhibited by interferon combination. In addition, CDM treatment contributes to protect cells from virus cytopathic effect and causes a strong inhibition of HSV-2 titer. Moreover, the presence of CDM for 2 h before IFN induction, during the 16 h induction period, only for 24 h after infection or during the complete IFN treatment period, reduces virus yields in an additive way without affecting IFN antiviral action. Conclusion The results reported here indicated that the presence of CDM did not alter the antiviral activity of IFN-α, IFN-γ or the synergism exerted by their combination. As a result we can envision that the administration of CDM in vivo could not affect the biological activity of IFNs, which are so important mediators of the innate resistance to HSV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Petrera
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celia E Coto
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Barquero AA, Michelini FM, Alché LE. 1-Cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin is a natural bioactive compound with antiviral and nuclear factor-kappaB modulating properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344:955-62. [PMID: 16631615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have reported the isolation of the tetranortriterpenoid 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin (CDM) from partially purified leaf extracts of Melia azedarach L. (MA) that reduced both, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) multiplication. CDM blocks VSV entry and the intracellular transport of VSV-G protein, confining it to the Golgi apparatus, by pre- or post-treatment, respectively. Here, we report that HSV-1 glycoproteins were also confined to the Golgi apparatus independently of the nature of the host cell. Considering that MA could be acting as an immunomodulator preventing the development of herpetic stromal keratitis in mice, we also examined an eventual effect of CDM on NF-kappaB signaling pathway. CDM is able to impede NF-kappaB activation in HSV-1-infected conjunctival cells and leads to the accumulation of p65 NF-kappaB subunit in the cytoplasm of uninfected treated Vero cells. In conclusion, CDM is a pleiotropic agent that not only inhibits the multiplication of DNA and RNA viruses by the same mechanism of action but also modulates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Barquero
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4to., Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Szewczuk VD, Mongelli ER, Pomilio AB. In vitro anthelmintic activity ofMelia azedarach naturalized in Argentina. Phytother Res 2006; 20:993-6. [PMID: 16941610 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The anthelmintic activity of the drupe extracts of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) growing in Argentina was tested against tapeworms, hookworms, nodular worms and earthworms, and was shown to be better than the standards piperazine phosphate and hexylresorcinol against tapeworms and hookworms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor D Szewczuk
- PROPLAME-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Khan MTH, Ather A, Thompson KD, Gambari R. Extracts and molecules from medicinal plants against herpes simplex viruses. Antiviral Res 2005; 67:107-19. [PMID: 16040137 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and -2) are important pathogens for humans, especially in the case of highly susceptible adults. Moreover, HSV-2 has been reported to be a high risk factor for HIV infection. Therefore, the discovery of novel anti-HSV drugs deserves great efforts. In this paper, we review anti-HSV substances from natural sources, including both extracts and pure compounds from herbal medicines, reported in studies from several laboratories. The role of traditional medicine for the development of anti-HSV compounds is also discussed. Interestingly, it was found that traditional medicines, like Ayurvedic, traditional Chinese (TCM), Chakma medicines, are good and potential sources for promising anti-HSV drugs. A second objective of this review is to discuss several anti-HSV compounds with respect to their structure-activity relationship (SAR). A large number of small molecules, like phenolics, polyphenols, terpenes (e.g., mono-, di-, tri-), flavonoids, sugar-containing compounds, were found to be promising anti-herpetic agents. Our major conclusion is that natural products from medicinal plant extracts are very important source of anti-HSV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Tareq Hassan Khan
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yarnell
- Bastyr University, Kenmore, Washington
- Botanical Medicine Academy
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22
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Jadhav AN, Bhutani KK. Ayurveda and gynecological disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:151-9. [PMID: 15652289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The science of life--Ayurveda is practiced in India since time immemorial. Besides being cheap and easily available Ayurvedic drugs are considered safe. Moreover, there is surge in the interest in Ayurveda due to quest of alternative medicines. Many of the gynecological disorders being not reported to the physicians, are treated with household remedies in India. The science of Ayurveda deals with these issues in a systematic manner as evident from the classification of diseases available and the number of plant drugs or the combinations thereof available for the treatment. In the present article, Ayurvedic herbal formulations and single plant drugs used traditionally in treatment of gynecological disorders are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul N Jadhav
- Department of Natural Products, NIPER, Sect. 67, Phase X, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Near Chandigarh 160062, Punjab, India
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23
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Barquero AA, Alché LE, Coto CE. Block of vesicular stomatitis virus endocytic and exocytic pathways by 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin, a tetranortriterpenoid of natural origin. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:483-493. [PMID: 14769906 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, it has been shown that 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin (CDM), a natural compound isolated from leaf extracts ofMelia azedarachL., inhibits the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) multiplication cycle when added before or after infection. Here, we have established that the lack of VSV protein synthesis in CDM pre-treated Vero cells is ascribed to the inhibition of an initial step during virus multiplication, although indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) studies confirmed that the binding and uptake of [35S]methionine-labelled VSV was not affected by CDM pre-treatment. Instead, our findings revealed that this compound impedes the uncoating of VSV nucleocapsids in pre-treated Vero cells, since the antiviral action of CDM was partially reversed by inducing VSV direct fusion at the plasma membrane, and VSV M protein fluorescence was confined to the endosomes, even 2 h post-internalization. Furthermore, CDM induced cytoplasmic alkalinization, as shown by acridine orange staining, consistent with the inhibition of virus uncoating. Although VSV proteins are synthesized when CDM is added after infection, IFI studies revealed that G protein was absent from the surface of infected cells and co-localized with a Golgi marker. Therefore, CDM inhibits the transport of G protein to the plasma membrane. Taken together, these findings indicate that CDM exerts its antiviral action on the endocytic and exocytic pathways of VSV by pre- or post-treatment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Barquero
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4to, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura E Alché
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4to, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celia E Coto
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4to, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
The effect of meliacine (MAS) and two fractions MAB 1 and MAB 2 obtained from it on the in vitro production of TNF-alpha of murine macrophages induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (from Escherichia coli) was tested. Simultaneous administration of the above fractions (ranging from 14 to 56 microg/ml) and LPS (10 microg/ml) to a macrophage culture significantly increased the amount of TNF-alpha released at 24 h of induction in a dose-dependent manner. Meliacine alone, at a concentration of 56 microg/ml, is a weak inducer of TNF-alpha production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Petrera
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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