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Song M, Luo HJ, Li ZW, Qiu L, Zhao YX, He CW, Zhang XQ, Ye WC, Lin LG, Zhang QW. Limonoids from the roots of Melia azedarach and their anti-inflammatory activity. Phytochemistry 2023; 216:113869. [PMID: 37739201 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Twelve undescribed limonoids, meliazedarines J-U (1-12), along with a known one, were isolated from the roots of Melia azedarach. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic investigations, X-ray diffraction analyses, and ECD calculations. Compounds 1-8 were identified as ring intact limonoids, while compounds 9-12 were established as ring C-seco ones. The anti-inflammatory potential of compounds 1-4, 6, 8, 9, and 11-13 was evaluated on macrophages. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 9 significantly suppressed nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, among them compound 3 showed the best inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 7.07 ± 0.48 μΜ. Furthermore, compound 3 effectively reduced interleukin-1β secretion in LPS plus nigericin-induced THP-1 macrophages by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results strongly suggested that limonoids from the roots of M. azedarach might be candidates for treating inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Hui-Juan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China.
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China.
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Dias MC, Pinto DCGA, Costa M, Araújo M, Santos C, Silva AMS. Phytochemical and Antioxidant Profile of the Medicinal Plant Melia azedarach Subjected to Water Deficit Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113611. [PMID: 36362399 PMCID: PMC9656347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress triggered by climate change can alter the plant’s metabolite profile, which affects its physiology and performance. This is particularly important in medicinal species because their economic value depends on the richness of their phytocompounds. We aimed to characterize how water deficit modulated the medicinal species Melia azedarach’s lipophilic profile and antioxidant status. Young plants were exposed to water deficit for 20 days, and lipophilic metabolite profile and the antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Leaves of M. azedarach are rich in important fatty acids and oleamide. Water deficit increased the radical scavenging capacity, total phenol, flavonoids, and catechol pools, and the accumulation of β-sitosterol, myo-inositol, succinic acid, sucrose, d-glucose and derivatives, d-psicofuranose, d-(+)-fructofuranose, and the fatty acids stearic, α-linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acids. These responses are relevant to protecting the plant against climate change-related stress and also increase the nutritional and antioxidant quality of M. azedarach leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Dias
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Costa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Márcia Araújo
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- IB2 Lab, Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, Rua do Campo, Alegre, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- IB2 Lab, Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, Rua do Campo, Alegre, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Song M, Chan G, Lin LG, Li D, Zhang K, Zhang XQ, Ye WC, Li N, Zhang QW. Triterpenoids from the fruits of Melia azedarach L. and their cytotoxic activities. Phytochemistry 2022; 201:113280. [PMID: 35716716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eleven undescribed tetracyclic triterpenoids, meliazedarachins A-K, along with twenty-six known compounds were isolated from the fruits of Melia azedarach L.. Their structures were determined by HRESIMS, UV, IR, NMR, X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and the modified Mosher's method. The cytotoxic activities of all the isolates were measured. Meliazedarachin K and mesendanin N showed cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 9.02 to 31.31 μM. Meliazedarachin K showed significant cytotoxicity against HCT116 cell line with IC50 value of 9.02 ± 0.84 μM. 21α-methylmelianodiol showed significant cytotoxicity against HCT116 and RKO cell lines with IC50 values of 10.16 ± 1.22 and 8.57 ± 0.80 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Derong Li
- Macau Anglican College, Macao, PR China
| | | | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, And Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, And Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, PR China.
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China.
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Song M, Zhang J, Chan G, Hou Y, Chen XP, Zhang XQ, Ye WC, Zhang QW. Bioactive Limonoids and Triterpenoids from the Fruits of Melia azedarach. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:3502-3510. [PMID: 33253570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nine new limonoids, meliazedarines A-I (1-9), seven known analogues (10-16), and five known triterpenoids (17-21) were isolated from the fruits of Melia azedarach. Their structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compound 7 showed significant cytotoxicity against the HCT116 cell line with IC50 values of 0.3 ± 0.1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ying Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Jeong H, Park S, Kim SY, Cho SH, Jeong MS, Kim SR, Seo JB, Kim SH, Kim KN. 1-Cinnamoyltrichilinin from Melia azedarach Causes Apoptosis through the p38 MAPK Pathway in HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207506. [PMID: 33053881 PMCID: PMC7589825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive type of human leukemia with a low survival rate, and its complete remission remains challenging. Although chemotherapy is the first-line treatment of AML, it exerts toxicity in noncancerous cells when used in high doses, thus necessitating the development of novel compounds with a high therapeutic window. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of several compounds derived from the fruits of Melia azedarach (a tree with medicinal properties). Among them, 1-cinnamoyltrichilinin (CT) was found to strongly suppress the viability of HL-60 human leukemia cells. CT treatment induced apoptosis and increased nuclear fragmentation and fractional DNA content in HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CT induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38), though not of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and activated Bcl-2 family proteins towards the proapoptosis and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Both CT-mediated apoptosis and apoptotic protein expression were reversed by treatment with the p38 inhibitor, thereby indicating the p38 pathway to be critical in CT-stimulated apoptosis. The results collectively indicated CT to suppress HL-60 survival by activating the p38 pathway and inducing apoptosis, hence being a novel potential therapeutic agent for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoibin Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.J.); (S.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.C.); (M.S.J.); (S.-R.K.)
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.J.); (S.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.C.); (M.S.J.); (S.-R.K.)
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.J.); (S.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.C.); (M.S.J.); (S.-R.K.)
| | - Su-Hyeon Cho
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.J.); (S.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.C.); (M.S.J.); (S.-R.K.)
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.J.); (S.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.C.); (M.S.J.); (S.-R.K.)
| | - Song-Rae Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.J.); (S.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.C.); (M.S.J.); (S.-R.K.)
| | - Jong Bok Seo
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (K.-N.K.); Tel.: +82-32-749-4514 (S.H.K.); +82-33-815-4607 (K.-N.K.)
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.J.); (S.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.C.); (M.S.J.); (S.-R.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (K.-N.K.); Tel.: +82-32-749-4514 (S.H.K.); +82-33-815-4607 (K.-N.K.)
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Shah JA, Butt TA, Mirza CR, Shaikh AJ, Khan MS, Arshad M, Riaz N, Haroon H, Gardazi SMH, Yaqoob K, Bilal M. Phosphoric Acid Activated Carbon from Melia azedarach Waste Sawdust for Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Orange 16: Equilibrium Modelling and Thermodynamic Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092118. [PMID: 32369968 PMCID: PMC7248722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste wood biomass as precursor for manufacturing activated carbon (AC) can provide a solution to ever increasing global water quality concerns. In our current work, Melia azedarach derived phosphoric acid-treated AC (MA-AC400) was manufactured at a laboratory scale. This novel MA-AC400 was tested for RO16 dye removal performance as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature and initial dye concentration in a batch scale arrangement. MA-AC400 was characterized via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy. MA-AC400 is characterized as mesoporous with BET surface area of 293.13 m2 g-1 and average pore width of 20.33 Å. pHPZC and Boehm titration confirm the acidic surface charges with dominance of phenolic functional groups. The average DLS particle size of MA-AC400 was found in the narrow range of 0.12 to 0.30 µm and this polydispersity was confirmed with multiple excitation fluorescence wavelengths. MA-AC400 showed equilibrium adsorption efficiency of 97.8% for RO16 dye at its initial concentration of 30 mg L-1 and adsorbent dose of 1 g L-1. Thermodynamic study endorsed the spontaneous, favorable, irreversible and exothermic process for RO16 adsorption onto MA-AC400. Equilibrium adsorption data was better explained by Langmuir with high goodness of fit (R2, 0.9964) and this fitness was endorsed with lower error functions. The kinetics data was found well fitted to pseudo-second order (PSO), and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models. Increasing diffusion constant values confirm the intraparticle diffusion at higher RO16 initial concentration and reverse was true for PSO chemisorption kinetics. MA-AC400 exhibited low desorption with studied eluents and its cost was calculated to be $8.36/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehanzeb Ali Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan; (J.A.S.); (M.S.K.); (N.R.); (H.H.); (S.M.H.G.)
| | - Tayyab Ashfaq Butt
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Hail Province 55476, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.B.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Cyrus Raza Mirza
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Hail Province 55476, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.B.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Ahson Jabbar Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Saqib Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan; (J.A.S.); (M.S.K.); (N.R.); (H.H.); (S.M.H.G.)
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Environmental Science, IESE, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Nadia Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan; (J.A.S.); (M.S.K.); (N.R.); (H.H.); (S.M.H.G.)
| | - Hajira Haroon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan; (J.A.S.); (M.S.K.); (N.R.); (H.H.); (S.M.H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK 22620, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mubashar Hussain Gardazi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan; (J.A.S.); (M.S.K.); (N.R.); (H.H.); (S.M.H.G.)
- Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, Azad Kashmir 12500, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Yaqoob
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan; (J.A.S.); (M.S.K.); (N.R.); (H.H.); (S.M.H.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-992-383591-6
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Chinnasamy G, Chandrasekharan S, Bhatnagar S. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Melia azedarach: Enhancement of Antibacterial, Wound Healing, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9823-9836. [PMID: 31849471 PMCID: PMC6913292 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s231340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Global demand for novel, biocompatible, eco-friendly resources to fight diseases inspired this study. We investigated plants used in traditional medicine systems and utilized nanotechnology to synthesize, evaluate, and enhance potential applications in nanomedicine. METHODS Aqueous leaf extract from Melia azedarach (MA) was utilized for bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (MA-AgNPs). Reaction conditions were optimized for high yield and colloidal stability was evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. MA-AgNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Standard methods were used to analyze the antibacterial, wound healing, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. RESULTS The formation of MA-AgNPs at room temperature was confirmed by stable brown colloidal solution with maximum absorbance at 420 nm (UV-Vis Spectroscopy). MA-AgNPs were spherical (SEM), uniformly dispersed, 14-20 nm in diameter (TEM), and crystalline in nature (XRD). Presence of elemental silver was confirmed by peak at 3 KeV (EDX). FTIR data revealed the presence of functional groups which indicate phyto-constituents (polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids) may have acted as the reducing and capping agents. MA-AgNPs (1000 µg/mL) showed larger zone of inhibition than MA-extract in the disk diffusion assay for human pathogenic gram positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus (34 mm) and gram negative, Escherichia coli (37 mm), thus confirming their higher antibacterial activity. The cell scratch assay on human dermal fibroblast cells revealed potential wound healing activity. The MA-AgNPs (400 µg/mL) demonstrated high antidiabetic efficacy as measured by α-amylase (85.75%) and α-glucosidase (80.33%) inhibition assays and antioxidant activity as analyzed by DPPH (63.83%) and ABTS (63.61%) radical scavenging assays. Toxic effect of MA-AgNPs against human chang liver cells (CCL-13) as determined by MTS assay, optical microscopic and CMFDA dye methods was insignificant. CONCLUSION This sustainable, green synthesis of AgNPs is a competitive alternative to conventional methods and will play a significant role in biomedical applications of Melia azedarach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhimathi Chinnasamy
- Plant Transformation and Tissue Culture, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Smitha Chandrasekharan
- Plant Transformation and Tissue Culture, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Somika Bhatnagar
- Plant Transformation and Tissue Culture, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
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Nerome K, Shimizu K, Zukeran S, Igarashi Y, Kuroda K, Sugita S, Shibata T, Ito Y, Nerome R. Functional growth inhibition of influenza A and B viruses by liquid and powder components of leaves from the subtropical plant Melia azedarach L. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2099-2109. [PMID: 29633076 PMCID: PMC6096724 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the anti-influenza-virus effects of Melia components and discuss the utility of these components. The effects of leaf components of Melia azedarach L. on viruses were examined, and plaque inhibition tests were performed. The in vivo efficacy of M. azedarach L. was tested in a mouse model. Leaf components of Melia azedarach L. markedly inhibited the growth of various influenza viruses. In an initial screening, multiplication and haemagglutination (HA) activities of H1N1, H3N2, H5, and B influenza viruses were inactivated by the liquid extract of leaves of M. azedarach L. (MLE). Furthermore, plaque inhibition titres of H1N1, H3N2, and B influenza viruses treated with MLE ranged from 103.7 to 104.2. MLE possessed high plaque-inhibitory activity against pandemic avian H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 vaccine candidate strains, with a plaque inhibition titre of more than 104.2. Notably, the buoyant density decreased from 1.175 to 1.137 g/cm3, and spikeless particles appeared. We identified four anti-influenza virus substances: pheophorbide b, pheophorbide a, pyropheophorbide a, and pheophytin a. Photomorphogenesis inside the envelope may lead to removal of HA and neuraminidase spikes from viruses. Thus, MLE could efficiently remove floating influenza virus in the air space without toxicity. Consistent with this finding, intranasal administration of MLE in mice significantly decreased the occurrence of pneumonia. Additionally, leaf powder of Melia (MLP) inactivated influenza viruses and viruses in the intestines of chickens. MLE and MLP may have applications as novel, safe biological disinfectants for use in humans and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Nerome
- The Institute of Biological Resources, 893-2, Nakayama, Nago-shi, Okinawa, 905-0004, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Shimizu
- Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shiori Zukeran
- The Institute of Biological Resources, 893-2, Nakayama, Nago-shi, Okinawa, 905-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kuroda
- Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shigeo Sugita
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4, Shiba, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Graduate School), College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-6501, Japan
| | - Reiko Nerome
- The Institute of Biological Resources, 893-2, Nakayama, Nago-shi, Okinawa, 905-0004, Japan
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Sultana S, Akhtar N, Asif HM. Antipyretic effects of hydro-methanol extract of Melia azedarach Linn. seeds and Cucumis melo Linn. seeds in experimental rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:1257-1261. [PMID: 29039323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the antipyretic activity of hydro-methanol extract of Melia azedarach Linn. (HMEMA) seeds and Cucumis melo Linn. (HMECM) seeds in experimental animals. Baker's yeast was used to induce fever in rabbits which were divided into six groups. The animal groups were thereafter administered distilled water (control), paracetamol (reference standard, 150mg/kg), HMEMA (250mg/kg), HMEMA (500mg/kg), HMECM (250mg/kg) and HMECM (500mg/kg) respectively. HMEMA and HMECM were also phytochemically screened for tannins, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides. Results indicate that hydro-methanol extract of M. azedarach Linn. Seeds (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001, p<0.05 respectively) reduced the elevated body temperature in dose dependant manner. Insignificant to no antipyretic effect was produced by hydro-methanol extract of Cucumis melo L. seeds. Phytochemical analysis of the HMEMA showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides While HMECM was positive for flavonoids, phenols and saponins. The result shows that there exists a potential benefit in utilizing Melia azedarach L. seeds in treating fever. This property can be attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents present in the hydro-methanol extract of Melia azedarach L. seeds and the exact mechanism need to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabira Sultana
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Asif
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Cornelio VE, Forim MR, Perlatti B, Fernandes JB, Vieira PC, Napolitano MP, Yost RA, da Silva MFGF. Identification of Meliatoxins in Melia azedarach Extracts Using Mass Spectrometry for Quality Control. Planta Med 2017; 83:312-317. [PMID: 27599262 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides can be hazardous to both humans and the environment, but the use of natural products as a source of bio-based products, such as Melia azedarach extracts, is an interesting approach to overcome these hazards. Unfortunately, the limonoids found in M. azedarach with desired insecticidal properties (e.g. azadirachtin) may also be present with limonoids toxic to mammals. The goal of this report was to develop a fast and reliable MS-based experiment to characterize meliatoxins in crude extracts of M. azedarach, in order to provide unequivocal assessment of the safety for extracts for application in the field. MS and MS/MS experiments using MALDI ionization were evaluated as tools for the assignment of characteristic ions produced by each meliatoxin in crude extracts.The use of different experiments in combination, such as the analysis of fragment m/z 557 and [M + Na]+ (adducts ions m/z 681 and m/z 667), MALDI-MS can be used for detection of meliatoxins A1/B1 or A2/B2 in a crude extract and may be used to discriminate meliatoxins A from B, respectively. Subsequent MS/MS experiments can distinguish between the presence of group 1 and/or 2 in each class of meliatoxins classifying the proposed approach as a quick and efficient quality control method of meliatoxins in real M. azedarach samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian E Cornelio
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Moacir R Forim
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Perlatti
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - João B Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ge JJ, Wang LT, Chen P, Zhang Y, Lei XX, Ye XX. Two new tetracyclic triterpenoids from the barks of Melia azedarach. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2016; 18:20-25. [PMID: 26727712 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1124866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two new tetracyclic triterpenoids, together with 21 known compounds, were isolated from the barks of Melia azedarach. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by the means of HRESIMS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and X-ray crystallography analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Ge
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Ling-Tian Wang
- b School of Medicine , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , China
| | - Pian Chen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Yan Zhang
- c College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Xin-Xiang Lei
- c College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ye
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
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Sanna G, Madeddu S, Giliberti G, Ntalli NG, Cottiglia F, De Logu A, Agus E, Caboni P. Limonoids from Melia azedarach Fruits as Inhibitors of Flaviviruses and Mycobacterium tubercolosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141272. [PMID: 26485025 PMCID: PMC4612778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological diversity of nature is the source of a wide range of bioactive molecules. The natural products, either as pure compounds or as standardized plant extracts, have been a successful source of inspiration for the development of new drugs. The present work was carried out to investigate the cytotoxicity, antiviral and antimycobacterial activity of the methanol extract and of four identified limonoids from the fruits of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae). The extract and purified limonoids were tested in cell-based assays for antiviral activity against representatives of ssRNA, dsRNA and dsDNA viruses and against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Very interestingly, 3-α-tigloyl-melianol and melianone showed a potent antiviral activity (EC50 in the range of 3–11μM) against three important human pathogens, belonging to Flaviviridae family, West Nile virus, Dengue virus and Yellow Fever virus. Mode of action studies demonstrated that title compounds were inhibitors of West Nile virus only when added during the infection, acting as inhibitors of the entry or of a very early event of life cycle. Furthermore, 3-α-tigloyl-melianol and methyl kulonate showed interesting antimycobacterial activity (with MIC values of 29 and 70 μM respectively). The limonoids are typically lipophilic compounds present in the fruits of Melia azeradach. They are known as cytotoxic compounds against different cancer cell lines, while their potential as antiviral and antibacterial was poorly investigated. Our studies show that they may serve as a good starting point for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of infections by Flaviviruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for which there is a continued need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikoletta G. Ntalli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Cottiglia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Medical Microbiology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agus
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Medical Microbiology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Khan AV, Ahmed QU, Mir MR, Shukla I, Khan AA. Antibacterial efficacy of the seed extracts of Melia azedarach against some hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:452-5. [PMID: 23569812 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibacterial potential of the polar and non-polar extracts of the seeds of Melia azedarach (M. azedarach) L. (Meliaceae) against eighteen hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains. METHODS Petrol, benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts at five different concentrations (1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 mg/mL) were evaluated. Disk diffusion method was followed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. RESULTS All extracts of the seeds demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against tested pathogens. Among all extracts, ethyl acetate extract revealed the highest inhibition comparatively. The present study also favored the traditional uses reported earlier. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study strongly confirm that the seed extracts of M. azedarach could be effective antibiotics, both in controlling gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Viqar Khan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, State of Utter Pradesh, India
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Kumazawa S, Kubota S, Yamamoto H, Okamura N, Sugiyamab Y, Kobayashia H, Nakanishi M, Ohta T. Antiangiogenic activity of flavonoids from Melia azedarach. Nat Prod Commun 2013; 8:1719-1720. [PMID: 24555281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three flavonoid glycosides, 1 (rutin: quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), 2 (kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside) and 3 (kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside) were isolated from the subcritical water extracts of Melia azedarach leaves. Strong antiangiogenic activity of these compounds was observed in the in vivo assay using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) from growing chick embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Kumazawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University ofShizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Satomi Kubota
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University ofShizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Haruna Yamamoto
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University ofShizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoki Okamura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University ofShizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Sugiyamab
- Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group, Faculty ofFisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashia
- Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group, Faculty ofFisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Nakanishi
- lnnovation and Joint Research Center, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ohta
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University ofShizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Marimuthu S, Balakrishnan P, Nair S. Phytochemical investigation and radical scavenging activities of Melia azedarach and its DNA protective effect in cultured lymphocytes. Pharm Biol 2013; 51:1331-1340. [PMID: 23767787 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.791323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Melia azedarach Linn (Meliaceae) is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant which is native to India. It is traditionally used for the treatment of leprosy, inflammation, scrofula, anthelmintic, antilithic, diuretic, deobstruent and cardiac disorders. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of the ethanol leaf extract of Melia azedarach (MA) and its protective effect against H2O2-induced cellular damage in cultured lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dose-dependent study of MA (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 µg/ml) was used to study in vitro radical scavenging assays. The effective dose of MA (60 µg/ml) was further used to study the H2O2-induced DNA damage (comet assay and DNA fragmentation assay) in cultured lymphocytes. RESULTS The ethanol extract of MA (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 µg/ml) exhibited a significant dose-dependent inhibition of in vitro radical scavenging assays and their corresponding IC50 values as follows: hydroxyl radical (26.50 ± 0.26 µg/ml), superoxide anion (30.00 ± 0.32 µg/ml), nitric oxide radical (48.00 ± 0.48 µg/ml), DPPH radical (30.55 ± 0.32 µg/ml) and reducing power (22.00 ± 0.22 µg/ml). The increase in the severity of DNA damage and TBARS was increased significantly (p<0.05) at 500 µM H2O2-treated cultured lymphocytes and RBC cellular membranes. The phytochemical screening studies identified 13 chemical constituents present in the leaf extract of MA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that MA offers protection against H2O2-induced cellular damage and it can be developed as an effective antioxidant during oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Marimuthu
- Ayurveda Research Institute for Mother & Child health Care, Poojapura, Trivandrum, India
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Akihisa T, Pan X, Nakamura Y, Kikuchi T, Takahashi N, Matsumoto M, Ogihara E, Fukatsu M, Koike K, Tokuda H. Limonoids from the fruits of Melia azedarach and their cytotoxic activities. Phytochemistry 2013; 89:59-70. [PMID: 23465718 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-one limonoids and one tirucallane-type triterpenoid were isolated from the fruits of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae). The structures of 14 of these isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature. All of these compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HL60, A549, AZ521, and SK-BR-3 human cancer cell lines. Meliarachin C (IC50 0.65 μM) and 3-O-deacetyl-4'-demethyl-28-oxosalannin (IC50 2.8 μM) exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against HL60 cells, and this was demonstrated mainly due to the induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis suggested that both compounds induced apoptosis via both the mitochondrial and death receptor-mediated pathways. In addition, 25 compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Akihisa
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan.
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Yuan CM, Zhang Y, Tang GH, Li Y, He HP, Li SF, Hou L, Li XY, Di YT, Li SL, Hua HM, Hao XJ. Cytotoxic limonoids from Melia azedarach. Planta Med 2013; 79:163-168. [PMID: 23250810 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1328069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Five new compounds (1-5), including two limonoids, one triterpenoid, one steroid, and one sesquiterpenoid, along with nine known limonoids (6-14), were isolated from the bark of Melia azedarach. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds as well as three acetylated derivatives of 9 were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480) by an MTT assay. Seven limonoids (1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9b, and 9c) showed significant inhibitory activities against tested cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.003 to 0.555 µM, and their preliminary structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Aoudia H, Ntalli N, Aissani N, Yahiaoui-Zaidi R, Caboni P. Nematotoxic phenolic compounds from Melia azedarach against Meloidogyne incognita. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:11675-11680. [PMID: 23136941 DOI: 10.1021/jf3038874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, evaluated was the paralysis activity of whole Italian and Algerian Melia azedarach, commonly known as chinaberry, fruits and parts (seeds, wood, and kernels) against Meloidogyne incognita second stage juveniles (J(2)). The paralysis activity was evaluated in vitro after 1 h and 1 day immersion periods of nematodes in test solutions. Phenolic constituent components of the extracts were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, while confirmation was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array. The water extract of the Italian M. azedarach fruit pulp (IPWE) showed significant nematicidal activity (EC(50/48h) = 955 μg/mL) and among its active ingredient components were p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (EC(50/48h) = 840 and 871 μg/mL, respectively). This is the first report of the nematicidal activity of M. azedarach pulp water extract and phenolic acids against the root knot nematode M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassiba Aoudia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Bullangpoti V, Wajnberg E, Audant P, Feyereisen R. Antifeedant activity of Jatropha gossypifolia and Melia azedarach senescent leaf extracts on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their potential use as synergists. Pest Manag Sci 2012; 68:1255-1264. [PMID: 22488906 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reduce rates of synthetic insecticide applications, natural product alternatives and synergists are needed. A study has been made of the toxicity of ethanolic senescent leaf extracts (SLEs) of Jatropha gossypifolia and Melia azedarach on larvae of the noctuid pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Their effects as syngergists and inhibitors of several enzyme activities are also reported. RESULTS When added to the diet, M. azedarach SLE showed lower toxicity than J. gossypifolia SLE. However, after 2 weeks on the diet, the M. azedarach SLE proved to be lethal to 100% of the larval population. Artificial diets with both SLEs have an antifeedant effect on armyworm larvae. Acute toxicity after topical application in a dipping assay was relatively low for both J. gossypifolia and M. azedarach SLEs (LC(50) of 2.6 and 1.4 g L(-1), respectively, after 24 h). However, mixtures of the SLEs of M. azedarach and J. gossypifolia had a strong synergistic effect with cypermethrin. Synergism was higher with the J. gossypifolia SLE, perhaps because it contains several natural products with a methylenedioxyphenyl moiety. Both extracts inhibited P450, general esterase and acetylcholinesterase activities in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Both J. gossypifolia and M. azedarach SLEs are antifeedants to armyworm larvae when present in the food, and also have a synergistic effect with cypermethrin in topical assays. Although the synergistic effect is less than with piperonyl butoxide, both SLEs have some inhibitor activity against detoxification enzymes and acetylcholinesterase. Thus J. gossypifolia and M. azedarach SLEs may be considered as ecofriendly approaches for the control of S. frugiperda in order to reduce cypermethrin usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasakorn Bullangpoti
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Wu SB, Bao QY, Wang WX, Zhao Y, Xia G, Zhao Z, Zeng H, Hu JF. Cytotoxic triterpenoids and steroids from the bark of Melia azedarach. Planta Med 2011; 77:922-928. [PMID: 21243584 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two new triterpenoids (1, 2) and two new steroids (3, 4) along with twelve related known compounds (5-16) were isolated from the bark of Melia azedarach. The new structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling studies and found to be 21,24-cycloeupha-7-ene-3 β,16 β,21 α,25-tetrol (1), 3 β-acetoxy-12 β-hydroxy-eupha-7,24-dien-21,16 β-olide (2), 29-hydroperoxy-stigmasta-7,24(28) E-dien-3 β-ol (3), and 24 ξ-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl-lathosterol (4). All isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines (A549, H460, HGC27) using the CellTiter Glo™ luminescent cell viability assay. Among them, compounds 2- 4, 24 ξ-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl-cholesterol (6), kulinone (7), meliastatin 3 ( 8), 3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (10), and (22 E,24 S)-5 α,8 α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,22-dien-3 β-ol (12) were found to have cytotoxic effects, with IC₅₀ values of 5.6-21.2 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Biao Wu
- Department of Natural Products for Chemical Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
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Ntalli NG, Vargiu S, Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U, Caboni P. nematicidal carboxylic acids and aldehydes from Melia azedarach fruits. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:11390-11394. [PMID: 20925380 DOI: 10.1021/jf1025345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Melia azedarach is a species gaining scientific interest mostly concerning its range of biological activities against agricultural target pests. The nematicidal melia methanol extract (MME) obtained from the fruits, acting against the phytonematode Meloidogyne incognita , is herein reported to contain hexadecanoic, acetic, and hexanoic acids as well as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-methylfurfural, and furfurol. All compounds were tested individually for nematicidal activity against the nematode second-stage juveniles, in paralysis experiments. The nematicidal activity was studied both after nematodes' immersion in treatment solutions and after exposure to test substance vapors. Clear dose and time response relationships were established at the dose ranges of 31.2-500 and 1-100 μg/mL, concerning the aldehydes and carboxylic acids, respectively, implementing analogous predominance of nematicidal activity. Nevertheless, no synergistic effects were observed in respective mixture interaction bioassays among furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-methylfurfural, and furfurol. Furfural was the most active bionematicidal compound reported herein for the first time as a natural constituent of M. azedarach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta G Ntalli
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Forim MR, Cornélio VE, da Silva MFDGF, Rodrigues-Filho E, Fernandes JB, Vieira PC, Matinez SS, Napolitano MP, Yost RA. Chemical characterization of Azadirachta indica grafted on Melia azedarach and analyses of azadirachtin by HPLC-MS-MS (SRM) and meliatoxins by MALDI-MS. Phytochem Anal 2010; 21:363-373. [PMID: 20333612 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melia azedarach adapted to cool climates was selected as rootstocks for vegetative propagation of Azadirachta indica. Cleft grafting of A. indica on M. azedarach rootstock showed excellent survival. Little is known about the chemistry of grafting. OBJECTIVE The roots, stems, leaves and seeds of this graft were examined in order to verify if grafted A. indica would produce limonoids different from those found in non-grafted plants. Intact matured fruits were also studied to verify if they were free of meliatoxins. METHODOLOGY After successive chromatographic separations the extracts afforded several limonoids. HPLC-MS/MS and MALDI-MS were used to develop sensitive methods for detecting azadirachtin on all aerial parts of this graft and meliatoxins in fruits, respectively. RESULTS The stem afforded the limonoid salannin, which was previously found in the oil seeds of A. indica. Salannin is also found in the root bark of M. azedarach. Thus, the finding of salannin in this study suggests that it could have been translocated from the M. azedarach rootstock to the A. indica graft. HPLC-MS/MS analyses showed that azadirachtin was present in all parts of the fruits, stem, flowers and root, but absent in the leaves. The results of MALDI-MS analyses confirmed the absence of meliatoxins in graft fruits. CONCLUSION This study showed that A. indica grafted onto M. azedarach rootstock produces azadirachtin, and also that its fruits are free of meliatoxins from rootstocks, confirming that this graft forms an excellent basis for breeding vigorous Neem trees in cooler regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Rossi Forim
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, 13565-905 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Three new sterols (1-3) including an unprecedented ring A-seco natural product (1), five new terpenoids (4-8), and 15 known compounds were isolated from the bark of Melia azedarach. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic data, and the structure of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Gang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China
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Kebede Y, Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M. Laboratory and field evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) oils as repellents against Phlebotomus orientalis and P. bergeroti (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ethiopia. Acta Trop 2010; 113:145-50. [PMID: 19854142 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) seed oils as repellents against laboratory and field populations of some sandflies in Ethiopia. In the laboratory, concentrations of 2% and 5% neem oil in coconut oil tested against Phlebotomus orientalis (vector of visceral leishmaniasis) provided 96.28% (95% CI=95.60-96.97) protection up to a mean time of 7h and 20 min and 98.26% (95% CI=93.46-104. 07) protection up to 9h, respectively. Similarly, M. azedarach oil at 2% concentration produced 95.13% (95% CI=90.74-99.52) protection for the same duration (7h and 20 min), while the 5% oil gave 96.20 (95% CI=86.98-105.41) protection for 8h and 20 min against the same species with no significant difference in percentage protection between the two oils at 2% and 5% concentrations. In the field tests with only neem oil (A. indica) against field populations of P. orientalis and P. bergeroti, similar high level of repellencies were recorded with about the same duration of protection. Application of both neem and Chinaberry oils can be safe and low-cost means of personal protection against sandfly bites in endemic areas of Ethiopia, if the community is advised and encouraged to grow the plants abundantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kebede
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
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25
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Haramboure M, Mirande L, Smagghe G, Piñeda S, Schneider MI. Compatibility of a Melia azedarach extract with Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2010; 75:373-378. [PMID: 21539256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The integrated pest management (IPM) premises claim for a joint use of beneficial organisms (parasitoids and predators) and selective pesticides. Botanical pesticides are being considered as selective pesticides. During the last 20 years of the 20th century, the plant family Meliaceae was identified as a promising source of compounds with insect-control properties. The Chinaberry tree, Melia azedarach L., is a deciduous tree native to Persia, India, and China, but has been cultivated in many countries including Africa, Australia, and the Americas. It is a source of tetranortriterpenoid compounds called meliatoxins, which have similar structures and insecticidal activities compared to azadirachtin. Eriopis connexa Germar (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) is a native predator from the Neotropical Region. It is a beneficial organism associated to several agro-ecosystems, feeding on soft-bodies pest such as aphids, whiteflies and thrips. In horticultural crops, it has been observed to feed on worldwide important pest such as Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Heteroptera: Aleyrodeidae) and Myzus persicae L. (Heteroptera: Aphididae), both of them considered as virus vectors. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the side-effects of M. azaderach (Meliaceas) extract on eggs, larvae and adults of Eriopis connexa. Extracts from unripe fruits (1%, w/w, obtained by the CEPROCOR, Cordoba-Argentina) were employed for ecotoxicological bioassays. The exposure method was by immersion for eggs and by ingestion of drinking water for adults. The botanical extract solutions were prepared using distilled water as solvent and a tensioactive (Tween 20) for topical application. The bioassays were carried out in the laboratory under controlled conditions: 23 +/- 0.5 degrees C temperature, 75 +/- 5% RH and 16:8 (L:D) photoperiod. Hatching, development time, adult emergence, pre-oviposition period, fecundity and fertility were evaluated as endpoints. No detrimental effects were observed in treated organisms irrespective of the exposure way and development stage. According to these preliminary results, M. azaderach fruit extracts can be compatible with E. connexa for pest control. However, future studies should be addressed to conclude about its toxicity on beneficial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haramboure
- CEPAVE (CCT-La Plata CONICET, UNLP), La Plata-Bs. As., Argentina
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26
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Wu SB, Ji YP, Zhu JJ, Zhao Y, Xia G, Hu YH, Hu JF. Steroids from the leaves of Chinese Melia azedarach and their cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines. Steroids 2009; 74:761-5. [PMID: 19379765 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Three new (1-3) and several known (4-6) steroids were isolated from the leaves of Chinese Melia azedarach. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR techniques and mass spectrometry to be (20S)-5,24(28)-ergostadiene-3beta,7alpha,16beta,20-tetrol (1), (20S)-5-ergostene-3beta,7alpha,16beta,20-tetrol (2), and 2alpha,3beta-dihydro-5-pregnen-16-one (3). The cytotoxicities of the isolated compounds against three human cancer cell lines (A549, H460, U251) were evaluated; only compounds 1, 2, and (20S)-5-stigmastene-3beta,7alpha,20-triol (4) were found to show significant cyctotoxic effects with IC(50)s from 12.0 to 30.1 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Biao Wu
- Department of Natural Products for Chemical Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
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Saleem R, Rani R, Ahmed M, Sadaf F, Ahmad SI, ul Zafar N, Khan SS, Siddiqui BS, Ansari F, Khan SA, Faizi S. Effect of cream containing Melia azedarach flowers on skin diseases in children. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:231-236. [PMID: 18375108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A herbal cream containing a methanolic HPLC-standardized extract of Melia azedarach flowers has been prepared and found potent against bacterial skin diseases like cellulitis, pustules, pyogenic infections, etc. in children. The results obtained are comparable to those with neomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubeena Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
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Mandal R, Dhaliwal PK. Antifertility effect of Melia azedarach Linn. (dharek) seed extract in female albino rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2007; 45:853-860. [PMID: 17948733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of oral administration of Melia azedarach Linn. (dharek) seed extract on fertility index, uterine weight and various histological and biochemical parameters of uterus were studied in the adult cyclic Wistar rats. Average number of embryos and implantation losses in the pregnant animals treated with dharek seed extract was also studied. The extract was prepared using a flash evaporator at 35 degrees C and dissolved in olive oil to prepare doses on per kg body weight basis. The results indicated a reduction in fertility index and average number of embryos in mated rats treated with the dharek extract. Pre-implantation, post-implantation and total prenatal mortalities were increased in rats treated with dharek seed extract during early (D1-D7) and late (D7-D18) stages of gestation period at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1) body wt day(-1). Histological studies showed a significant reduction in myometrial thickness, uterine gland diameter, luminal diameter of uterine glands and luminal epithelial cell height in rats treated with dharek seed extract at 1mg kg(-1) body wt day(-1) for 18 days. Pits and folds in luminal epithelial, mitotic activity in luminal and glandular epithelial cells of uterus were observed to be absent. Biochemically, a significant increase in protein and glycogen contents was observed. Thus, in conclusion, the application of this plant extract in rodent control programme may help to elevate the socioeconomic status of the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshu Mandal
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
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29
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Cropley TG, Hasegawa GR. Melia azedarach: new potential for an old medicinal plant. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 57:366-7. [PMID: 17637451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Lee JH, Ko NY, Kim NW, Mun SH, Kim JW, Her E, Kim BK, Seo DW, Chang HW, Moon TC, Han JW, Kim YM, Choi WS. Meliae cortex extract exhibits anti-allergic activity through the inhibition of Syk kinase in mast cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 220:227-34. [PMID: 17395225 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The anti-allergic action of various Oriental medicinal herbs was investigated using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Of these extracts, the ethanol extract of Meliae cortex (MC) exhibited the most potent activity in mast cells; its IC(50) values were 29+/-1.5 microg/ml for antigen stimulation and 57+/-3.4 microg/ml for thapsigargin stimulation. It inhibited compound-48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis by 52.9% at a dose of 300 mg/kg in mice; it also inhibited the expression of the proinflammatory mediator TNF-alpha. With regard to its mechanism of action, MC suppressed the activating phosphorylation of Syk, a key enzyme in mast-cell signaling processes and that of Akt in a dose-dependent manner. It also inhibited the MAP kinase ERK1/2, which is critical for the production of inflammatory cytokines in mast cells, as indicated by the suppression of the activating phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-allergic activity of MC may be due to the inhibition of histamine secretion and cytokine expression through the Syk inhibition in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, South Korea
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Maciel MV, Morais SM, Bevilaqua CML, Camurça-Vasconcelos ALF, Costa CTC, Castro CMS. Ovicidal and larvicidal activity of Melia azedarach extracts on Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2006; 140:98-104. [PMID: 16621294 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Revised: 03/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is responsible for severe economic losses in sheep and goat breeding in the Northeast of Brazil. However, the effectiveness of control is compromised due to anthelmintic resistance and misuse. In the search for natural anthelmintics, Melia azedarach L., a plant indigenous to India but now distributed throughout Brazil, was selected due to the reported anthelmintic properties of its seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the seed and leaf extracts of the Brazilian adapted plant and investigate the type of organic chemical compounds present in the most active extracts. The ovicidal and larvicidal activity of M. azedarach extracts on H. contortus was evaluated through egg hatching and larval development tests. Hexane and ethanol extracts of seeds and chloroform and ethanol extracts of leaves of M. azedarach were used in the tests. To perform the larval development test, feces of an animal free from parasites were mixed with third instar H. contortus larvae and extracts in several concentrations. The coprocultures were incubated for 7 days at 30 degrees C, then the larvae were recovered and counted. LC50 was calculated by probits using the SPSS 8.0 program. The seed ethanol extract was the most active on eggs (LC50=0.36mgmL(-1)) and the leaf ethanol extract showed the best inhibition of larval development (LC50=9.18mgmL(-1)). Phytochemical analysis of the most active extracts revealed the presence of condensed tannins, triterpenes and alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Maciel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP 60740-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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32
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Petrera E, Coto CE. The synergistic effect of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma against HSV-2 replication in Vero cells is not interfered by the plant antiviral 1-cinnamoyl-3, 11-dihydroxymeliacarpin. Virol J 2006; 3:45. [PMID: 16772029 PMCID: PMC1525181 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-3-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that gamma interferon (IFN-γ) synergizes with IFN-α/β to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in vitro. Since IFN response represents an early host defense event against viral infection and the fact that treatment with meliacine, a plant antiviral, ameliorate the severity of the herpetic infection in female mice infected intravaginally with HSV-2, we wanted to investigate whether the administration of meliacine to HSV-2 infected mice could altered the homoestasis of IFNs host response. For this purpose we studied the effect of the compound 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin (CDM), which is the responsible for meliacine antiviral action, on the HSV-2 inhibition exerted by IFN α, IFN-γ or their combination. Results We have found that like HSV-1, IFN-γ synergizes with IFN-α to inhibit HSV-2 replication in Vero cells. While treatment with IFN-α or IFN-γ alone has weak antiviral action, HSV-2 plaque formation, viral replication and the onset of viral CPE in Vero cells are synergistically inhibited by interferon combination. In addition, CDM treatment contributes to protect cells from virus cytopathic effect and causes a strong inhibition of HSV-2 titer. Moreover, the presence of CDM for 2 h before IFN induction, during the 16 h induction period, only for 24 h after infection or during the complete IFN treatment period, reduces virus yields in an additive way without affecting IFN antiviral action. Conclusion The results reported here indicated that the presence of CDM did not alter the antiviral activity of IFN-α, IFN-γ or the synergism exerted by their combination. As a result we can envision that the administration of CDM in vivo could not affect the biological activity of IFNs, which are so important mediators of the innate resistance to HSV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Petrera
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celia E Coto
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Charleston DS, Gols R, Hordijk KA, Kfir R, Vet LEM, Dicke M. Impact of Botanical Pesticides Derived from Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica Plants on the Emission of Volatiles that Attract Parasitoids of the Diamondback Moth to Cabbage Plants. J Chem Ecol 2006; 32:325-49. [PMID: 16555134 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-005-9004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods use chemical information from plants during foraging. Aqueous leaf extracts from the syringa tree Melia azedarach and commercial formulations from the neem tree Azadirachta indica, Neemix 4.5, were investigated for their impact on the flight response of two parasitoids, Cotesia plutellae and Diadromus collaris. Cotesia plutellae was attracted only to Plutella xylostella-infested cabbage plants in a wind tunnel after an oviposition experience. Female C. plutellae did not distinguish between P. xylostella-infested cabbage plants treated with neem and control P. xylostella-infested plants. However, females preferred infested cabbage plants that had been treated with syringa extract to control infested plants. Syringa extract on filter paper did not attract C. plutellae. This suggests that an interaction between the plant and the syringa extract enhances parasitoid attraction. Diadromus collaris was not attracted to cabbage plants in a wind tunnel and did not distinguish between caterpillar-damaged and undamaged cabbage plants. Headspace analysis revealed 49 compounds in both control cabbage plants and cabbage plants that had been treated with the syringa extract. Among these are alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, terpenoids, sulfides, and an isothiocyanate. Cabbage plants that had been treated with the syringa extract emitted larger quantities of volatiles, and these increased quantities were not derived from the syringa extract. Therefore, the syringa extract seemed to induce the emission of cabbage volatiles. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a plant extract inducing the emission of plant volatiles in another plant. This interesting phenomenon likely explains the preference of C. plutellae parasitoids for cabbage plants that have been treated with syringa extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre S Charleston
- Insect Ecology, Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa.
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Abstract
Botanical insecticides have long been touted as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. The body of scientific literature documenting bioactivity of plant derivatives to arthropod pests continues to expand, yet only a handful of botanicals are currently used in agriculture in the industrialized world, and there are few prospects for commercial development of new botanical products. Pyrethrum and neem are well established commercially, pesticides based on plant essential oils have recently entered the marketplace, and the use of rotenone appears to be waning. A number of plant substances have been considered for use as insect antifeedants or repellents, but apart from some natural mosquito repellents, little commercial success has ensued for plant substances that modify arthropod behavior. Several factors appear to limit the success of botanicals, most notably regulatory barriers and the availability of competing products (newer synthetics, fermentation products, microbials) that are cost-effective and relatively safe compared with their predecessors. In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical insecticides are best suited for use in organic food production in industrialized countries but can play a much greater role in the production and postharvest protection of food in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray B Isman
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Abstract
The anthelmintic activity of the drupe extracts of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) growing in Argentina was tested against tapeworms, hookworms, nodular worms and earthworms, and was shown to be better than the standards piperazine phosphate and hexylresorcinol against tapeworms and hookworms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor D Szewczuk
- PROPLAME-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fukuyama Y, Nakaoka M, Yamamoto T, Takahashi H, Minami H. Degraded and Oxetane-Bearing Limonoids from the Roots of Melia azedarach. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:1219-22. [PMID: 16880676 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brine shrimp lethality test (BST)-guided fractionation of a methanol extract of the roots of Melia azedarach resulted in the isolation of two new limonoids, 9alpha-hydroxy-12alpha-acetoxyfraxinellone (1) and 7,14-epoxy-azedarachin B (2), together with the known compounds, 12alpha-hydroxyfraxinellone (4), 9alpha-hydroxyfraxinellone (5), azedarachin B (6), and neoazedarachin B (7). The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison of their NMR data with those of the known compounds. Compounds 1, 2 and 4-7 exhibited significant activity in the BST, in particular, azedarachin B (6) showed remarkable BST activity with an LC(50) value of 0.0098 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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Charleston DS, Kfir R, Vet LEM, Dicke M. Behavioural responses of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to extracts derived from Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica. Bull Entomol Res 2005; 95:457-65. [PMID: 16197566 DOI: 10.1079/ber2005377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of three different doses of botanical insecticide derived from the syringa tree, Melia azedarach and the neem tree, Azadirachta indica was tested on the behaviour of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Both botanical insecticides had a significant impact on larval behaviour. At higher doses the extracts showed feeding deterrent activity, with larvae preferring the untreated sides of cabbage leaves and consuming less of the treated half of cabbage leaves. The botanical insecticides had less of an effect on the oviposition behaviour of P. xylostella moths. In laboratory and glasshouse trials, significantly fewer eggs were oviposited on the plants that had been treated with syringa extracts. Therefore, the syringa extracts appear to have a repellent effect. In contrast, when exposed to the neem extracts the moths did not discriminate between control plants and treated plants. Behavioural observation indicated that, despite the lower number of eggs oviposited on cabbage treated with syringa extracts, the moths chose cabbage treated with the highest dose of syringa more often than they chose control cabbage plants. Similar observations were found in cabbage plants treated with neem, moths chose the medium dose more often than they chose the control. Oviposition and feeding deterrent properties are important factors in pest control, and results from this study indicate that botanical insecticides have the potential to be incorporated into control programmes for P. xylostella in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Charleston
- Insect Ecology, Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa.
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Abstract
The seed oil of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) is used in traditional medicine for its antidiabetic, spermicidal, antifertility, antibacterial, and wound healing properties. The present study was undertaken to investigate the quantitative aspects of follicular development in cyclic female albino rats (135 +/- 10 g; 8 groups with 6 animals in each group) after oral administration of polar (PF) and non-polar (NPF) fractions of A. indica seed extract at 3 and 6 mg kg body weight-1 day-1 and Melia azedarach Linn. (dharek) seed extract at 24 mg kg body weight-1 day-1 for 18 days. The extracts were prepared using a flash evaporator at 35 degrees C and then dissolved in olive oil to prepare doses on a per kg body weight basis. There was a significant reduction (P = 0.05) in the number of normal single layered follicles (A. indica: 0.67 +/- 0.33 and 4.67 +/- 2.03 after 3 and 6 mg/kg NPF, and 3.33 +/- 1.67 and 1.00 +/- 1.00 after 3 and 6 mg/kg PF vs control: 72.67 +/- 9.14 and M. azedarach: 0.60 +/- 0.40 and 1.80 +/- 1.2 after 24 mg/kg PF and NPF, respectively, vs control: 73.40 +/- 7.02) and follicles in various stages (I-VII) of follicular development in all treatment groups. These extracts also significantly reduced (P = 0.05) the total number of normal follicles in the neem (14.67 +/- 5.93 and 1.00 +/- 1.00 after 3 and 6 mg/kg PF and 3.67 +/- 0.88 and 5.33 +/- 2.03 after 3 and 6 mg/kg NPF) and dharek (13.00 +/- 3.58 and 14.60 +/- 2.25 after 24 mg/kg NPF and PF) treatments compared to control (216.00 +/- 15.72 and 222.20 +/- 19.52, respectively). Currently, indiscriminate use of persistent and toxic rodenticides to control rodent populations has created serious problems such as resistance and environmental contamination. Therefore, it becomes necessary to use ecologically safe and biologically active botanical substances that are metabolized and are not passed on to the next trophic level, and that interfere with the reproductive potential particularly growth and differentiation of follicles. This may help elevate the socio-economic status of the country. Thus, the present study is an attempt to investigate the effects of A. indica and M. azedarach seed extracts on reproduction of albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Roop
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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Carpinella MC, Ferrayoli CG, Palacios SM. Antifungal synergistic effect of scopoletin, a hydroxycoumarin isolated from Melia azedarach L. fruits. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:2922-7. [PMID: 15826040 DOI: 10.1021/jf0482461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the continuous search for antifungal compounds from plants, the hydroxycoumarin scopoletin (1) was isolated from seed kernels of Melia azedarach L. from which three other compounds, vanillin (2), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde (3), and (+/-) pinoresinol (4), have also been isolated. Guided fractionation through autobiography on TLC using Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg as test organism led to the isolation of 1, which exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.50 mg/mL in the microbroth dilution method. Despite its own weak activity, when the coumarin was combined with the above-mentioned compounds, a strong enhancement of the antifungal effect was observed, even showing a complete inhibition in the growth of the pathogen when 1 was added at a concentration of up to 5% of its MIC value. The same level of effectiveness was observed when the synthetic antifungal agents Mancozeb and Carboxin were each combined with compounds 1-4, in which cases it became possible to decrease the effective concentrations of these commercial compounds by up to 2.5 and 3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Carpinella
- CEPROCOR, Agencia Córdoba Ciencia S.E., Alvarez de Arenales 230, Barrio Juniors, X5004AAP Córdoba, Argentina
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Wandscheer CB, Duque JE, da Silva MAN, Fukuyama Y, Wohlke JL, Adelmann J, Fontana JD. Larvicidal action of ethanolic extracts from fruit endocarps of Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica against the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti. Toxicon 2005; 44:829-35. [PMID: 15530964 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts from the kernels of ripe fruits from the Indian Lilac Melia azedarach and from the well-known Neem tree, Azadirachta indica were assayed against larvae of Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue fever. The lethality bioassays were carried out according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Extracts were tested at doses ranging from 0.0033 to 0.05 g% in an aqueous medium for 24 and 48 h, at 25 or 30 degrees C, with or without feeding of the larvae. LC50, LC95 and LC99 were determined. Both seed extracts proved lethal for third to fourth instar larvae. Non-fed A. aegypti larvae were more susceptible to Azadirachta extracts at both temperatures. Under a more realistic environmental situation, namely with fed larvae at 25 degrees C, the death rates caused by the Melia extract were higher, although at 30 degrees C the extract of Azadirachta had an even higher lethality. Inter allia, the LC50 values for the crude extracts of these two members of the Meliaceae ranged from 0.017 to 0.034 g% while the LC99 values ranged from 0.133 to 0.189 g%. Since no downstream processing was undertaken to purify the active agents in the extracts, our findings seem very promising, suggesting that it may be possible to increase the larvicidal activity further by improving the extraction and the fractionation of the crude limonoids, for instance removing the co-extracted natural fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina B Wandscheer
- Biomass Chemo/Biotechnology Laboratory (LQBB), Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Abstract
Three new C-seco limonoids (1-3) and one new tetracyclic limonoid (4) were isolated from a methanol extract of the ripe fruits of Melia azedarach collected in Curitiba, Brazil, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and comparison of spectral data with those of the previously known compounds. Among the limonoids isolated in the present study, compounds 3 and 4 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against HeLa S3 cancer cells, whereas 1 and 2 showed weak cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
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Zhou H, Hamazaki A, Fontana JD, Takahashi H, Esumi T, Wandscheer CB, Tsujimoto H, Fukuyama Y. New ring C-seco limonoids from Brazilian Melia azedarach and their cytotoxic activity. J Nat Prod 2004; 67:1544-1547. [PMID: 15387656 DOI: 10.1021/np040077r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A methanol extract of the ripe fruits of Melia azedarach collected in Curitiba, Parana, Brazil, afforded seven new ring C-seco limonoids (1-7) together with three known limonoids (8-10). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by NMR and MS analysis and comparison of spectral data with those of previously known compounds. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against HeLa S3 cancer cells, whereas 1, 2, 3, and 8 showed weak cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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Yanes A, Finol HJ, Hasegawa M. Effects of Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) extracts from leaves on Trypanosoma cruzi growth and ultrastructure. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 2004; 36:149-54. [PMID: 15554501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The chloroformic extracts from dried fresh leaves ofAzadirachta indica A. Juss. and Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) showed marked inhibitory activity on epimastigotes growth of Trypanosoma cruzi, evidenced by 96-wells microtiter plate bioassay and radioactive thymidine incorporation experiment. Each chloroformic extract was separated using silica gel and alumina column. In transmission electron microscopy the bioactive chromatographic fractions caused ultrastructural changes in epimastigotes such as vacuolization probably induced by degeneration of the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, organelle degeneration, and cell division disruption. In spectral analysis these bioactive fractions seemed to be composed mainly of fatty acid mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yanes
- Department of Cellular Biology, Simón Bolívar University, Caracas Venezuela
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Borges LMF, Ferri PH, Silva WJ, Silva WC, Silva JG. In vitro efficacy of extracts of Melia azedarach against the tick Boophilus microplus. Med Vet Entomol 2003; 17:228-231. [PMID: 12823842 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2003.00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of ripe fruit extracts of Melia azedarach L. (Rutales: Meliaceae) was evaluated against the tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae). Ripe fruits of M. azedarach dried and powdered were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus successively using hexane, CHCl3 and 96% aqueous ethanol. Larvae and engorged females were immersed in decreasing concentrations from 0.25% to 0.015% of each extract. The mortality of larvae was evaluated 24, 72 and 168 h after treatment. The effectiveness of treatment against engorged females was assessed by measuring egg production. All tested extracts caused mortality of B. microplus larvae, with higher mortality rates observed in CHCl3 (100%) and hexanic extract (98%) than in ethanolic extract (50%) 168 h after treatment. The mortality was dependent on concentration and on time after treatment. Similarly hexanic and CHCl3 extracts showed higher effectiveness (varying from 14% to 100%) against B. microplus engorged females than ethanolic extract (varying from 0% to 46%). Melia azedarach extracts did not kill the adult females, but inhibited partially or totally egg production and embryogenesis. These results show that the less polar the extract of M. azedarach ripe fruits the more its effectiveness against larvae and engorged females of B. microplus. This plant may therefore be useful in the control of resistant B. microplus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M F Borges
- DMIPP, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Química, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Cx Postal 131, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Carpinella MC, Giorda LM, Ferrayoli CG, Palacios SM. Antifungal effects of different organic extracts from Melia azedarach L. on phytopathogenic fungi and their isolated active components. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51:2506-2511. [PMID: 12696928 DOI: 10.1021/jf026083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from different parts of Melia azedarach L. were studied as potential antifungal agents for selected phytopathogenic fungi. In a serial agar dilution method, hexanic and ethanolic extracts from fruit, seed kernels, and senescent leaves exhibited fungistatic activity against Aspergillus flavus,Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionales, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Both hexanic extract from senescent leaves and ethanolic extract from seed kernel were highly effective on all tested fungi, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.5 to 25 mg/mL and 0.5 to 5 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, all of the above-mentioned extracts showed fungicidal activity on these fungi, with ethanolic seed kernel extract being the most active. Three compounds displaying activity against F. verticillioides were isolated from the ethanolic seed kernel extract and were characterized as vanillin (1), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde (2), and (+/-)-pinoresinol (3), with MICs of 0.6, 0.4, and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. These compounds also showed a synergistic effect when combined in different concentrations, needing four times less concentration to reach complete inhibition in the growth of F. verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Carpinella
- CEPROCOR, Agencia Córdoba Ciencia S. E., Alvarez de Arenales 230, Barrio Juniors, X5004AAP Córdoba, Argentina.
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Abstract
Bioassay guided purification of the ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Melia azedarach led to the isolation of the limonoid 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin, which showed IC50 values of 6 microM and 20 microM for vesicular stomatitis (VSV) and herpes simplex (HSV-1) viruses, respectively. Its structure was established by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Alché
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Systematic fractionation of a fruit extract from Argentine Melia azedarach L., which was monitored by an insect antifeedant bioassay, led to the isolation of meliartenin, a limonoid antifeedant, which existed as a mixture of two interchangeable isomers. At 4 microg/cm2 and 1 microg/cm2, the isomeric mixture was as active as azadirachtin in strongly inhibiting the larval feeding of Epilachna paenulata Germ. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the polyphagous pest, Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), respectively.
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