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Zhang T, Wang W, Wuhrer M, de Haan N. Comprehensive O-Glycan Analysis by Porous Graphitized Carbon Nanoliquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8942-8948. [PMID: 38758656 PMCID: PMC11154684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The diverse and unpredictable structures of O-GalNAc-type protein glycosylation present a challenge for its structural and functional characterization in a biological system. Porous graphitized carbon (PGC) liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has become one of the most powerful methods for the global analysis of glycans in complex biological samples, mainly due to the extensive chromatographic separation of (isomeric) glycan structures and the information delivered by collision induced fragmentation in negative mode MS for structural elucidation. However, current PGC-based methodologies fail to detect the smaller glycan species consisting of one or two monosaccharides, such as the Tn (single GalNAc) antigen, which is broadly implicated in cancer biology. This limitation is caused by the loss of small saccharides during sample preparation and LC. Here, we improved the conventional PGC nano-LC-MS/MS-based strategy for O-glycan analysis, enabling the detection of truncated O-glycan species and improving isomer separation. This was achieved by the implementation of 2.7 μm PGC particles in both the trap and analytical LC columns, which provided an enhanced binding capacity and isomer separation for O-glycans. Furthermore, a novel mixed-mode PGC-boronic acid-solid phase extraction during sample preparation was established to purify a broad range of glycans in an unbiased manner, including the previously missed mono- and disaccharides. Taken together, the optimized PGC nano-LC-MS/MS platform presents a powerful component of the toolbox for comprehensive O-glycan characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and
Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical
Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and
Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical
Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and
Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical
Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and
Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical
Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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2
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van der Haar Àvila I, Zhang T, Lorrain V, de Bruin F, Spreij T, Nakayama H, Iwabuchi K, García-Vallejo JJ, Wuhrer M, van Kooyk Y, van Vliet SJ. Limited impact of cancer-derived gangliosides on anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae036. [PMID: 38785323 PMCID: PMC11137322 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a key mechanism employed by cancer cells to evade immune surveillance, induce angiogenesis and metastasis, among other hallmarks of cancer. Sialic acids, distinctive terminal glycan structures located on glycoproteins or glycolipids, are prominently upregulated across various tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Sialylated glycans modulate anti-tumor immune responses through their interactions with Siglecs, a family of glycan-binding receptors with specificity for sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates, often resulting in immunosuppression. In this paper, we investigated the immunomodulatory function of ST3Gal5, a sialyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of α2-3 sialic acids to glycosphingolipids, since lower expression of ST3Gal5 is associated with better survival of CRC patients. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out the ST3Gal5 gene in two murine CRC cell lines MC38 and CT26. Glycomics analysis confirmed the removal of sialic acids on glycolipids, with no discernible impact on glycoprotein sialylation. Although knocking out ST3Gal5 in both cell lines did not affect in vivo tumor growth, we observed enhanced levels of regulatory T cells in CT26 tumors lacking ST3Gal5. Moreover, we demonstrate that the absence of ST3Gal5 affected size and blood vessel density only in MC38 tumors. In summary, we ascertain that sialylation of glycosphingolipids has a limited influence on the anti-tumor immune response in CRC, despite detecting alterations in the tumor microenvironment, possibly due to a shift in ganglioside abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van der Haar Àvila
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Lorrain
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florance de Bruin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tianne Spreij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University, 2-5-1 Takasu Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0023, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University, 2-5-1 Takasu Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0023, Japan
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Svecla M, Nour J, Bladergroen MR, Nicolardi S, Zhang T, Beretta G, Wuhrer M, Norata GD, Falck D. Impact of Asialoglycoprotein Receptor and Mannose Receptor Deficiency on Murine Plasma N-glycome Profiles. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100615. [PMID: 37414249 PMCID: PMC10462831 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and the mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1) are well known for their selective recognition and clearance of circulating glycoproteins. Terminal galactose and N-Acetylgalactosamine are recognized by ASGPR, while terminal mannose, fucose, and N-Acetylglucosamine are recognized by MRC1. The effects of ASGPR and MRC1 deficiency on the N-glycosylation of individual circulating proteins have been studied. However, the impact on the homeostasis of the major plasma glycoproteins is debated and their glycosylation has not been mapped with high molecular resolution in this context. Therefore, we evaluated the total plasma N-glycome and plasma proteome of ASGR1 and MRC1 deficient mice. ASGPR deficiency resulted in an increase in O-acetylation of sialic acids accompanied by higher levels of apolipoprotein D, haptoglobin, and vitronectin. MRC1 deficiency decreased fucosylation without affecting the abundance of the major circulating glycoproteins. Our findings confirm that concentrations and N-glycosylation of the major plasma proteins are tightly controlled and further suggest that glycan-binding receptors have redundancy, allowing compensation for the loss of one major clearance receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Nour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M R Bladergroen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centro SISA per lo studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - D Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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4
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Peng W, Reyes CDG, Gautam S, Yu A, Cho BG, Goli M, Donohoo K, Mondello S, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y. MS-based glycomics and glycoproteomics methods enabling isomeric characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:577-616. [PMID: 34159615 PMCID: PMC8692493 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most significant and abundant posttranslational modifications in mammalian cells. It mediates a wide range of biofunctions, including cell adhesion, cell communication, immune cell trafficking, and protein stability. Also, aberrant glycosylation has been associated with various diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, inflammation, immune deficiencies, congenital disorders, and cancers. The alterations in the distributions of glycan and glycopeptide isomers are involved in the development and progression of several human diseases. However, the microheterogeneity of glycosylation brings a great challenge to glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis, including the characterization of isomers. Over several decades, different methods and approaches have been developed to facilitate the characterization of glycan and glycopeptide isomers. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been a powerful tool utilized for glycomic and glycoproteomic isomeric analysis due to its high sensitivity and rich structural information using different fragmentation techniques. However, a comprehensive characterization of glycan and glycopeptide isomers remains a challenge when utilizing MS alone. Therefore, various separation methods, including liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and ion mobility, were developed to resolve glycan and glycopeptide isomers before MS. These separation techniques were coupled to MS for a better identification and quantitation of glycan and glycopeptide isomers. Additionally, bioinformatic tools are essential for the automated processing of glycan and glycopeptide isomeric data to facilitate isomeric studies in biological cohorts. Here in this review, we discuss commonly employed MS-based techniques, separation hyphenated MS methods, and software, facilitating the separation, identification, and quantitation of glycan and glycopeptide isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sakshi Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Aiying Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Byeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mona Goli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Donohoo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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5
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Zhang J, van der Zon G, Ma J, Mei H, Cabukusta B, Agaser CC, Madunić K, Wuhrer M, Zhang T, Ten Dijke P. ST3GAL5-catalyzed gangliosides inhibit TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via TβRI degradation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110553. [PMID: 36504224 PMCID: PMC9841337 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is pivotal in the initiation and development of cancer cell metastasis. We observed that the abundance of glycosphingolipids (GSLs), especially ganglioside subtypes, decreased significantly during TGF-β-induced EMT in NMuMG mouse mammary epithelial cells and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Transcriptional profiling showed that TGF-β/SMAD response genes and EMT signatures were strongly enriched in NMuMG cells, along with depletion of UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG), the enzyme that catalyzes the initial step in GSL biosynthesis. Consistent with this finding, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of UGCG promoted TGF-β signaling and TGF-β-induced EMT. UGCG inhibition promoted A549 cell migration, extravasation in the zebrafish xenograft model, and metastasis in mice. Mechanistically, GSLs inhibited TGF-β signaling by promoting lipid raft localization of the TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) and by increasing TβRI ubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, we identified ST3GAL5-synthesized a-series gangliosides as the main GSL subtype involved in inhibition of TGF-β signaling and TGF-β-induced EMT in A549 cells. Notably, ST3GAL5 is weakly expressed in lung cancer tissues compared to adjacent nonmalignant tissues, and its expression correlates with good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard van der Zon
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jin Ma
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Birol Cabukusta
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cedrick C Agaser
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Lageveen‐Kammeijer GSM, Kuster B, Reusch D, Wuhrer M. High sensitivity glycomics in biomedicine. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1014-1039. [PMID: 34494287 PMCID: PMC9788051 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical challenges in biomedicine arise from the generally high heterogeneity and complexity of glycan- and glycoconjugate-containing samples, which are often only available in minute amounts. Therefore, highly sensitive workflows and detection methods are required. In this review mass spectrometric workflows and detection methods are evaluated for glycans and glycoproteins. Furthermore, glycomic methodologies and innovations that are tailored for enzymatic treatments, chemical derivatization, purification, separation, and detection at high sensitivity are highlighted. The discussion is focused on the analysis of mammalian N-linked and GalNAc-type O-linked glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair for Proteomics and BioanalyticsTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development EuropeRoche Diagnostics GmbHPenzbergGermany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical CenterCenter for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeidenThe Netherlands
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7
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Hykollari A, Paschinger K, Wilson IBH. Negative-mode mass spectrometry in the analysis of invertebrate, fungal, and protist N-glycans. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:945-963. [PMID: 33955035 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The approaches for analysis of N-glycans have radically altered in the last 20 years or so. Due to increased sensitivity, mass spectrometry has become the predominant method in modern glycomics. Here, we summarize recent studies showing that the improved resolution and detection by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has contributed greatly to the discovery of a large range of anionic and zwitterionic N-glycan structures across the different kingdoms of life, whereby MALDI-TOF MS in negative mode is less widely performed than in positive mode. However, its use enables the detection of key fragments indicative of certain sugar modifications such as sulfate, (methyl) phosphate, phosphoethanolamine, (methyl)aminoethylphosphonate, glucuronic, and sialic acid, thereby enabling certain isobaric glycan variations to be distinguished. As we also discuss in this review, complementary approaches such as negative-mode electrospray ionization-MS/MS, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance MS, and ion mobility MS yield, respectively, cross-linkage fragments, high accuracy masses, and isomeric information, thus adding other components to complete the jigsaw puzzle when defining unusual glycan modifications from lower organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Hykollari
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
- VetCore Facility for Research, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
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8
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Molnarova K, Cokrtova K, Tomnikova A, Krizek T, Kozlik P. Liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis in glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022; 153:659-686. [PMID: 35754790 PMCID: PMC9212196 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most significant and abundant post-translational modifications in cells. Glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses involve the characterization of oligosaccharides (glycans) conjugated to proteins. Glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis is highly challenging because of the large diversity of structures, low abundance, site-specific heterogeneity, and poor ionization efficiency of glycans and glycopeptides in mass spectrometry (MS). MS is a key tool for characterization of glycans and glycopeptides. However, MS alone does not always provide full structural and quantitative information for many reasons, and thus MS is combined with some separation technique. This review focuses on the role of separation techniques used in glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses, liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The most important separation conditions and results are presented and discussed. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Molnarova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cokrtova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Tomnikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Krizek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Holst S, Blöchl C, Madunic K, Wuhrer M, Ten Dijke P, Zhang T. Transforming growth factor-β challenge alters the N-, O-, and glycosphingolipid glycomes in PaTu-S pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101717. [PMID: 35151689 PMCID: PMC8914387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a key role in PDAC tumor progression, which is often associated with aberrant glycosylation. However, how PDAC cells respond to TGF-β and the role of glycosylation therein is not well known. Here, we investigated the TGF-β-mediated response and glycosylation changes in the PaTu-8955S (PaTu-S) cell line deficient in SMA-related and MAD-related protein 4 (SMAD4), a signal transducer of the TGF-β signaling. PaTu-S cells responded to TGF-β by upregulating SMAD2 phosphorylation and target gene expression. We found that TGF-β induced expression of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin but did not significantly affect epithelial marker E-cadherin expression. We also examined differences in N-glycans, O-glycans, and glycosphingolipid-linked glycans in PaTu-S cells upon TGF-β stimulation. TGF-β treatment primarily induced N-glycome aberrations involving elevated levels of branching, core fucosylation, and sialylation in PaTu-S cells, in agreement with TGF-β-induced changes in the expression of glycosylation-associated genes. In addition, we observed differences in O glycosylation and glycosphingolipid glycosylation profiles after TGF-β treatment, including lower levels of sialylated Tn antigen and neoexpression of globosides. Furthermore, the expression of transcription factor sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 4 was upregulated upon TGF-β stimulation, and its depletion blocked TGF-β-induced N-glycomic changes. Thus, TGF-β-induced N-glycosylation changes can occur in a sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 4–dependent and SMAD4-independent manner in the pancreatic PaTu-S cancer cell line. Our results open up avenues to study the relevance of glycosylation in TGF-β signaling in SMAD4-inactivated PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zejian Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Blöchl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katarina Madunic
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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10
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Lavado-García J, Zhang T, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Wuhrer M. Differential N- and O-glycosylation signatures of HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles and coproduced extracellular vesicles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1207-1221. [PMID: 35112714 PMCID: PMC9303603 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures derived from the self-assembly and cell budding of Gag polyprotein. Mimicking the native structure of the virus and being non-infectious, they represent promising candidates for the development of new vaccines as they elicit a strong immune response. In addition to this, the bounding membrane can be functionalized with exogenous antigens to target different diseases. Protein glycosylation depends strictly on the production platform and expression system used and the displayed glycosylation patterns may influence down-stream processing as well as the immune response. One of the main challenges for the development of Gag VLP production bioprocess is the separation of VLPs and coproduced extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this work, porous graphitized carbon separation method coupled with mass spectrometry was used to characterize the N- and O- glycosylation profiles of Gag VLPs produced in HEK293 cells. We identified differential glycan signatures between VLPs and EVs that could pave the way for further separation and purification strategies in order to optimize downstream processing and move forward in VLP-based vaccine production technology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Glycation Interferes with the Expression of Sialyltransferases in Meningiomas. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123298. [PMID: 34943806 PMCID: PMC8699175 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common non-malignant intracranial tumors and prefer, like most tumors, anaerobic glycolysis for energy production (Warburg effect). This anaerobic glycolysis leads to an increased synthesis of the metabolite methylglyoxal (MGO) or glyoxal (GO), which is known to react with amino groups of proteins. This reaction is called glycation, thereby building advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In this study, we investigated the influence of glycation on sialylation in two meningioma cell lines, representing the WHO grade I (BEN-MEN-1) and the WHO grade III (IOMM-Lee). In the benign meningioma cell line, glycation led to differences in expression of sialyltransferases (ST3GAL1/2/3/5/6, ST6GAL1/2, ST6GALNAC2/6, and ST8SIA1/2), which are known to play a role in tumor progression. We could show that glycation of BEN-MEN-1 cells led to decreased expression of ST3Gal5. This resulted in decreased synthesis of the ganglioside GM3, the product of ST3Gal5. In the malignant meningioma cell line, we observed changes in expression of sialyltransferases (ST3GAL1/2/3, ST6GALNAC5, and ST8SIA1) after glycation, which correlates with less aggressive behavior.
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Gstöttner C, Zhang T, Resemann A, Ruben S, Pengelley S, Suckau D, Welsink T, Wuhrer M, Domínguez-Vega E. Structural and Functional Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Domains Produced in Mammalian Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6839-6847. [PMID: 33871970 PMCID: PMC8078197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is still ongoing and dramatically influences our life, the need for recombinant viral proteins for diagnostics, vaccine development, and research is very high. The spike (S) protein, and particularly its receptor-binding domain (RBD), mediates the interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on host cells and may be modulated by its structural features. Therefore, well-characterized recombinant RBDs are essential. We have performed an in-depth structural and functional characterization of RBDs expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. To structurally characterize the native RBDs (comprising N- and O-glycans and additional post translational modifications), a multilevel mass spectrometric approach was employed. Released glycan and glycopeptide analysis were integrated with intact mass analysis, glycan-enzymatic dissection, and top-down sequencing for comprehensive annotation of RBD proteoforms. The data showed distinct glycosylation for CHO- and HEK293-RBD with the latter exhibiting antenna fucosylation, a higher level of sialylation, and a combination of core 1 and core 2 type O-glycans. Additionally, using an alternative approach based on N-terminal cleavage of the O-glycosylation, the previously unknown O-glycosylation site was localized at T323. For both RBDs, the binding to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of positive patients and affinity to the ACE2 receptor was addressed showing comparable results. This work not only offers insights into RBD structural and functional features but also provides an analytical workflow for characterization of new RBDs and batch-to-batch comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gstöttner
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Resemann
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sophia Ruben
- InVivo BioTech Services GmbH, Neuendorfstr. 24A, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | | | - Detlev Suckau
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tim Welsink
- InVivo BioTech Services GmbH, Neuendorfstr. 24A, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Jongsma MLM, de Waard AA, Raaben M, Zhang T, Cabukusta B, Platzer R, Blomen VA, Xagara A, Verkerk T, Bliss S, Kong X, Gerke C, Janssen L, Stickel E, Holst S, Plomp R, Mulder A, Ferrone S, Claas FHJ, Heemskerk MHM, Griffioen M, Halenius A, Overkleeft H, Huppa JB, Wuhrer M, Brummelkamp TR, Neefjes J, Spaapen RM. The SPPL3-Defined Glycosphingolipid Repertoire Orchestrates HLA Class I-Mediated Immune Responses. Immunity 2021; 54:132-150.e9. [PMID: 33271119 PMCID: PMC8722104 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HLA class I (HLA-I) glycoproteins drive immune responses by presenting antigens to cognate CD8+ T cells. This process is often hijacked by tumors and pathogens for immune evasion. Because options for restoring HLA-I antigen presentation are limited, we aimed to identify druggable HLA-I pathway targets. Using iterative genome-wide screens, we uncovered that the cell surface glycosphingolipid (GSL) repertoire determines effective HLA-I antigen presentation. We show that absence of the protease SPPL3 augmented B3GNT5 enzyme activity, resulting in upregulation of surface neolacto-series GSLs. These GSLs sterically impeded antibody and receptor interactions with HLA-I and diminished CD8+ T cell activation. Furthermore, a disturbed SPPL3-B3GNT5 pathway in glioma correlated with decreased patient survival. We show that the immunomodulatory effect could be reversed through GSL synthesis inhibition using clinically approved drugs. Overall, our study identifies a GSL signature that inhibits immune recognition and represents a potential therapeutic target in cancer, infection, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke L M Jongsma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antonius A de Waard
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Raaben
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Birol Cabukusta
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - René Platzer
- Institut für Hygiene und Angewandte Immunologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent A Blomen
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Xagara
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tamara Verkerk
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Bliss
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolin Gerke
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lennert Janssen
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elmer Stickel
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rosina Plomp
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arend Mulder
- Department of Immunology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermen Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes B Huppa
- Institut für Hygiene und Angewandte Immunologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert M Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Sugar Matters: Improving In Vivo Clearance Rate of Highly Glycosylated Recombinant Plasma Proteins for Therapeutic Use. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010054. [PMID: 33440845 PMCID: PMC7826800 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct glycosylation of proteins is essential for production of therapeutic proteins as glycosylation is important for protein solubility, stability, half-life and immunogenicity. The heavily glycosylated plasma protein C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) is used in treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks. In this study, we used C1-INH as a model protein to propose an approach to develop recombinant glycoproteins with the desired glycosylation. We produced fully functional recombinant C1-INH in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In vivo we observed a biphasic clearance, indicating different glycosylation forms. N-glycan analysis with mass spectrometry indeed demonstrated heterogeneous glycosylation for recombinant C1-INH containing terminal galactose and terminal sialic acid. Using a Ricinus Communis Agglutinin I (RCA120) column, we could reduce the relative abundance of terminal galactose and increase the relative abundance of terminal sialic acid. This resulted in a fully active protein with a similar in vivo clearance rate to plasmaderived C1-INH. In summary, we describe the development of a recombinant human glycoprotein using simple screening tools to obtain a product that is similar in function and in vivo clearance rate to its plasma-derived counterpart. The approach used here is of potential use in the development of other therapeutic recombinant human glycoproteins.
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15
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Szymczak-Kulus K, Weidler S, Bereznicka A, Mikolajczyk K, Kaczmarek R, Bednarz B, Zhang T, Urbaniak A, Olczak M, Park EY, Majorczyk E, Kapczynska K, Lukasiewicz J, Wuhrer M, Unverzagt C, Czerwinski M. Human Gb3/CD77 synthase produces P1 glycotope-capped N-glycans, which mediate Shiga toxin 1 but not Shiga toxin 2 cell entry. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100299. [PMID: 33460651 PMCID: PMC7949097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Gb3/CD77 synthase, encoded by the A4GALT gene, is an unusually promiscuous glycosyltransferase. It synthesizes the Galα1→4Gal linkage on two different glycosphingolipids (GSLs), producing globotriaosylceramide (Gb3, CD77, Pk) and the P1 antigen. Gb3 is the major receptor for Shiga toxins (Stxs) produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. A single amino acid substitution (p.Q211E) ramps up the enzyme's promiscuity, rendering it able to attach Gal both to another Gal residue and to GalNAc, giving rise to NOR1 and NOR2 GSLs. Human Gb3/CD77 synthase was long believed to transfer Gal only to GSL acceptors, therefore its GSL products were, by default, considered the only human Stx receptors. Here, using soluble, recombinant human Gb3/CD77 synthase and p.Q211E mutein, we demonstrate that both enzymes can synthesize the P1 glycotope (terminal Galα1→4Galβ1→4GlcNAc-R) on a complex type N-glycan and a synthetic N-glycoprotein (saposin D). Moreover, by transfection of CHO-Lec2 cells with vectors encoding human Gb3/CD77 synthase and its p.Q211E mutein, we demonstrate that both enzymes produce P1 glycotopes on N-glycoproteins, with the mutein exhibiting elevated activity. These P1-terminated N-glycoproteins are recognized by Stx1 but not Stx2 B subunits. Finally, cytotoxicity assays show that Stx1 can use P1 N-glycoproteins produced in CHO-Lec2 cells as functional receptors. We conclude that Stx1 can recognize and use P1 N-glycoproteins in addition to its canonical GSL receptors to enter and kill the cells, while Stx2 can use GSLs only. Collectively, these results may have important implications for our understanding of the Shiga toxin pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szymczak-Kulus
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sascha Weidler
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna Bereznicka
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mikolajczyk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bednarz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Urbaniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Olczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kapczynska
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Lukasiewicz
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunochemistry and Vaccines, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland.
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16
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Madunić K, Zhang T, Mayboroda OA, Holst S, Stavenhagen K, Jin C, Karlsson NG, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wuhrer M. Colorectal cancer cell lines show striking diversity of their O-glycome reflecting the cellular differentiation phenotype. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:337-350. [PMID: 32236654 PMCID: PMC7867528 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in protein glycosylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) have been extensively studied using cell lines as models. However, little is known about their O-glycome and the differences in glycan biosynthesis in different cell types. To provide a better understanding of the variation in O-glycosylation phenotypes and their association with other molecular features, an in-depth O-glycosylation analysis of 26 different CRC cell lines was performed. The released O-glycans were analysed on porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer via electrospray ionization (PGC-nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS) allowing isomeric separation as well as in-depth structural characterization. Associations between the observed glycan phenotypes with previously reported cell line transcriptome signatures were examined by canonical correlation analysis. Striking differences are observed between the O-glycomes of 26 CRC cell lines. Unsupervized principal component analysis reveals a separation between well-differentiated colon-like and undifferentiated cell lines. Colon-like cell lines are characterized by a prevalence of I-branched and sialyl Lewis x/a epitope carrying glycans, while most undifferentiated cell lines show absence of Lewis epitope expression resulting in dominance of truncated α2,6-core sialylated glycans. Moreover, the expression of glycan signatures associates with the expression of glycosyltransferases that are involved in their biosynthesis, providing a deeper insight into the regulation of glycan biosynthesis in different cell types. This untargeted in-depth screening of cell line O-glycomes paves the way for future studies exploring the role of glycosylation in CRC development and drug response leading to discovery of novel targets for the development of anti-cancer antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Harvey DJ. NEGATIVE ION MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF N-LINKED GLYCANS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:586-679. [PMID: 32329121 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans from glycoproteins are complex, branched structures whose structural determination presents many analytical problems. Mass spectrometry, usually conducted in positive ion mode, often requires extensive sample manipulation, usually by derivatization such as permethylation, to provide the necessary structure-revealing fragment ions. The newer but, so far, lesser used negative ion techniques, on the contrary, provide a wealth of structural information not present in positive ion spectra that greatly simplify the analysis of these compounds and can usually be conducted without the need for derivatization. This review describes the use of negative ion mass spectrometry for the structural analysis of N-linked glycans and emphasises the many advantages that can be gained by this mode of operation. Biosynthesis and structures of the compounds are described followed by methods for release of the glycans from the protein. Methods for ionization are discussed with emphasis on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and methods for producing negative ions from neutral compounds. Acidic glycans naturally give deprotonated species under most ionization conditions. Fragmentation of negative ions is discussed next with particular reference to those ions that are diagnostic for specific features such as the branching topology of the glycans and substitution positions of moieties such as fucose and sulfate, features that are often difficult to identify easily by conventional techniques such as positive ion fragmentation and exoglycosidase digestions. The advantages of negative over positive ions for this structural work are emphasised with an example of a series of glycans where all other methods failed to produce a structure. Fragmentation of derivatized glycans is discussed next, both with respect to derivatives at the reducing terminus of the molecules, and to methods for neutralization of the acidic groups on sialic acids to both stabilize them for MALDI analysis and to produce the diagnostic fragments seen with the neutral glycans. The use of ion mobility, combined with conventional mass spectrometry is described with emphasis on its use to extract clean glycan spectra both before and after fragmentation, to separate isomers and its use to extract additional information from separated fragment ions. A section on applications follows with examples of the identification of novel structures from lower organisms and tables listing the use of negative ions for structural identification of specific glycoproteins, glycans from viruses and uses in the biopharmaceutical industry and in medicine. The review concludes with a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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18
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Zhang T, van Die I, Tefsen B, van Vliet SJ, Laan LC, Zhang J, Ten Dijke P, Wuhrer M, Belo AI. Differential O- and Glycosphingolipid Glycosylation in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells With Opposite Morphology and Metastatic Behavior. Front Oncol 2020; 10:732. [PMID: 32582529 PMCID: PMC7280451 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the glycosylation profile of cancer cells have been strongly associated with cancer progression. To increase our insights into the role of glycosylation in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we performed a study on O-glycans and glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycans of the PDAC cell lines Pa-Tu-8988T (PaTu-T) and Pa-Tu-8988S (PaTu-S). These cell lines are derived from the same patient, but show an almost opposite phenotype, morphology and capacity to metastasize, and may thus provide an attractive model to study the role of glycosylation in progression of PDAC. Gene-array analysis revealed that 24% of the glycosylation-related genes showed a ≥ 1.5-fold difference in expression level between the two cell lines. Subsequent validation of the data by porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem ion trap mass spectrometry and flow cytometry established major differences in O-glycans and GSL-glycans between the cell lines, including lower levels of T and sialylated Tn (sTn) antigens, neoexpression of globosides (Gb3 and Gb4), and higher levels of gangliosides in the mesenchymal-like PaTu-T cells compared to the epithelial-like PaTu-S. In addition, PaTu-S cells demonstrated a significantly higher binding of the immune-lectins macrophage galactose-type lectin and galectin-4 compared to PaTu-T. In summary, our data provide a comprehensive and differential glycan profile of two PDAC cell lines with disparate phenotypes and metastatic behavior. This will allow approaches to modulate and monitor the glycosylation of these PDAC cell lines, which opens up avenues to study the biology and metastatic behavior of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Irma van Die
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Boris Tefsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa C Laan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ana I Belo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Zhang T, Madunić K, Holst S, Zhang J, Jin C, Ten Dijke P, Karlsson NG, Stavenhagen K, Wuhrer M. Development of a 96-well plate sample preparation method for integrated N- and O-glycomics using porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mol Omics 2020; 16:355-363. [PMID: 32281997 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in glycosylation signatures of cells have been associated with pathological processes in cancer as well as infectious and autoimmune diseases. The current protocols for comprehensive analysis of N-glycomics and O-glycomics derived from cells and tissues often require a large amount of biological material. They also only allow the processing of very limited numbers of samples at a time. Here we established a workflow for sequential release of N-glycans and O-glycans based on PVDF membrane immobilization in 96-well format from 5 × 105 cells. Released glycans are reduced, desalted, purified, and reconstituted, all in 96-well format plates, without additional staining or derivatization. Glycans are then analyzed with porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry using negative-mode electrospray ionization, enabling the chromatographic resolution and structural elucidation of glycan species including many compositional isomers. The approach was demonstrated using glycoprotein standards and further applied to analyze the glycosylation of the murine mammary gland NMuMG cell line. The developed protocol allows the analysis of N- and O-glycans from relatively large numbers of samples in a less time consuming way with high repeatability. Inter- and intraday repeatability of the fetuin N-glycan analysis showed two median intraday coefficients of variations (CVs) of 7.6% and 8.0%, and a median interday CV of 9.8%. Median CVs of 7.9% and 8.7% for the main peaks of N- and O-glycans released from the NMuMG cell line indicate a very good repeatability. The method is applicable to purified glycoproteins as well as to biofluids and cell- or tissue-based samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Nanotechnology and sialic acid biology. SIALIC ACIDS AND SIALOGLYCOCONJUGATES IN THE BIOLOGY OF LIFE, HEALTH AND DISEASE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153339 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816126-5.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Venkatakrishnan V, Padra JT, Sundh H, Sundell K, Jin C, Langeland M, Carlberg H, Vidakovic A, Lundh T, Karlsson NG, Lindén SK. Exploring the Arctic Charr Intestinal Glycome: Evidence of Increased N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid Levels and Changed Host-Pathogen Interactions in Response to Inflammation. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1760-1773. [PMID: 30848132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks are a limiting factor for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. The intestinal tract is covered by a mucus layer mainly comprised by highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. Mucins regulate pathogen adhesion, growth, and virulence, and the glycans are vital for these functions. We analyzed intestinal mucin O-glycans on mucins from control and full-fat extruded soy-bean-fed (known to cause enteritis) Arctic charr using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 56 glycans were identified on Arctic charr intestinal mucins, with a high prevalence of core-5-type and sialylated O-glycans. Disialic-acid-epitope-containing structures including NeuAcα2,8NeuAc, NeuAc(Gc)α2,8NeuGc(Ac), and NeuGcα2,8NeuGc were the hallmark of Arctic charr intestinal mucin glycosylation. Arctic charr fed with soy bean meal diet had lower (i) number of structures detected, (ii) interindividual variation, and (iii) N-glycolylneuraminic-acid-containing glycans compared with control Arctic charr. Furthermore, Aeromonas salmonicida grew less in response to mucins from inflamed Arctic charr than from the control group. The Arctic charr glycan repertoire differed from that of Atlantic salmon. In conclusion, the loss of N-glycolylneuraminic acid may be a biomarker for inflammation in Arctic char, and inflammation-induced glycosylation changes affect host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg 40530 , Sweden
| | - János T Padra
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg 40530 , Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg 40530 , Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundell
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg 40530 , Sweden
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg 40530 , Sweden
| | - Markus Langeland
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management , Swedish University of Agricultural Science , Uppsala 75007 , Sweden
| | - Hanna Carlberg
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies , Swedish University of Agricultural Science , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Aleksander Vidakovic
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management , Swedish University of Agricultural Science , Uppsala 75007 , Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lundh
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management , Swedish University of Agricultural Science , Uppsala 75007 , Sweden
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg 40530 , Sweden
| | - Sara K Lindén
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg 40530 , Sweden
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22
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Improvement of electrospray stability in negative ion mode for nano-PGC-LC-MS glycoanalysis via post-column make-up flow. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:499-509. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Padra M, Adamczyk B, Benktander J, Flahou B, Skoog EC, Padra JT, Smet A, Jin C, Ducatelle R, Samuelsson T, Haesebrouck F, Karlsson NG, Teneberg S, Lindén SK. Helicobacter suis binding to carbohydrates on human and porcine gastric mucins and glycolipids occurs via two modes. Virulence 2018; 9:898-918. [PMID: 29638186 PMCID: PMC5955484 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1460979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter suis colonizes the stomach of most pigs and is the most prevalent non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species found in the human stomach. In the human host, H. suis contributes to the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and MALT lymphoma, whereas in pigs it is associated with gastritis, decreased growth and ulcers. Here, we demonstrate that the level of H. pylori and H. suis binding to human and pig gastric mucins varies between individuals with species dependent specificity. The binding optimum of H. pylori is at neutral pH whereas that of H. suis has an acidic pH optimum, and the mucins that H. pylori bind to are different than those that H. suis bind to. Mass spectrometric analysis of mucin O-glycans from the porcine mucin showed that individual variation in binding is reflected by a difference in glycosylation; of 109 oligosaccharide structures identified, only 14 were present in all examined samples. H. suis binding to mucins correlated with glycans containing sulfate, sialic acid and terminal galactose. Among the glycolipids present in pig stomach, binding to lactotetraosylceramide (Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer) was identified, and adhesion to Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glc at both acidic and neutral pH was confirmed using other glycoconjugates. Together with that H. suis bound to DNA (used as a proxy for acidic charge), we conclude that H. suis has two binding modes: one to glycans terminating with Galβ3GlcNAc, and one to negatively charged structures. Identification of the glycan structures H. suis interacts with can contribute to development of therapeutic strategies alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médea Padra
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - John Benktander
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Bram Flahou
- b Department of Pathology , Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University , Belgium
| | - Emma C Skoog
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - János Tamás Padra
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Annemieke Smet
- b Department of Pathology , Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University , Belgium.,c Laboratorium of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp , Antwerp
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- b Department of Pathology , Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University , Belgium
| | - Tore Samuelsson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- b Department of Pathology , Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University , Belgium
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Susann Teneberg
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Sara K Lindén
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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24
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Li J. Mass spectrometry for protein sialoglycosylation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:652-680. [PMID: 29228471 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of structurally unique and negatively charged nine-carbon sugars, normally found at the terminal positions of glycan chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. The glycosylation of proteins is a universal post-translational modification in eukaryotic species and regulates essential biological functions, in which the most common sialic acid is N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (2-keto-5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galactononulopyranos-1-onic acid) (Neu5NAc). Because of the properties of sialic acids under general mass spectrometry (MS) conditions, such as instability, ionization discrimination, and mixed adducts, the use of MS in the analysis of protein sialoglycosylation is still challenging. The present review is focused on the application of MS related methodologies to the study of both N- and O-linked sialoglycans. We reviewed MS-based strategies for characterizing sialylation by analyzing intact glycoproteins, proteolytic digested glycopeptides, and released glycans. The review concludes with future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zack Li
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Yang S, Wu WW, Shen RF, Bern M, Cipollo J. Identification of Sialic Acid Linkages on Intact Glycopeptides via Differential Chemical Modification Using IntactGIG-HILIC. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1273-1283. [PMID: 29651731 PMCID: PMC6744383 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric analysis of intact glycopeptides can reveal detailed information about glycosite, glycan structural features, and their heterogeneity. Sialyl glycopeptides can be positively, negatively, or neutrally charged depending on pH of their buffer solution and ionization conditions. To detect sialoglycopeptides, a negative-ion mode mass spectrometry may be applied with a minimal loss of sialic acids, although the positively charged or neutral glycopeptides may be excluded. Alternatively, the sialyl glycopeptides can be identified using positive-ion mode analysis by doping a high concentration of sodium salts to the analytes. Although manipulation of unmodified sialoglycopeptides can be useful for analysis of samples, less than optimal ionization, facile loss of sialyl and unfavorable ionization of accompanying non-sialyl peptides make such strategies suboptimal. Currently available chemical derivatization methods, while stabilizing for sialic acid, mask sialic acid linkage configuration. Here, we report the development of a novel approach to neutralize sialic acids via sequentially chemical modification that also reveals their linkage configuration, often an important determinant in biological function. This method utilizes several components to facilitate glycopeptide identification. These include the following: solid phase derivatization, enhanced ionization of sialoglycopeptides, differentiation of sialic acid linkage, and enrichment of the modified glycopeptides by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. This technology can be used as a tool for quantitative analysis of protein sialylation in diseases with determination of sialic acid linkage configuration. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, G614, Bldg 75, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| | - Wells W Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Rong-Fong Shen
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Marshall Bern
- Protein Metrics Inc., 1622 San Carlos Ave, Suite C, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - John Cipollo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, G637, Bldg 52/72, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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26
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Isomeric Separation and Characterisation of Glycoconjugates. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1104:77-99. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2158-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Zhou S, Veillon L, Dong X, Huang Y, Mechref Y. Direct comparison of derivatization strategies for LC-MS/MS analysis of N-glycans. Analyst 2017; 142:4446-4455. [PMID: 29085933 PMCID: PMC5696090 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01262d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that has significant impacts on protein folding, lifespan, conformation, distribution and function. N-Glycans, which are attached to asparagine residues of proteins, are studied most often due to their compatibility with enzymatic release. Despite the ease of N-glycan release, compositional and structural complexity coupled with poor ionization efficiency during liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) make quantitative glycomic studies a significant challenge. To overcome these challenges, glycans are almost always derivatized prior to LC-MS analyses to impart favorable characteristics, such as improved ionization efficiency, increased LC separation efficiency and the production of more informative fragments during tandem MS. There are a number of derivatization methods available for LC-MS analysis of glycans, each of which imparts different properties that affect both glycan retention on LC columns and MS analyses. To provide guidance for the proper selection of derivatizing reagents and LC columns, herein, we describe a comprehensive assessment of 2-aminobenzamide, procainamide, aminoxyTMT, RapiFluor-MS (RFMS) labeling, reduction and reduction with permethylation for N-glycan analysis. Of the derivatization strategies examined, RFMS provided the highest MS signal enhancement for neutral glycans, while permethylation significantly enhanced the MS intensity and structural stability of sialylated glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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28
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Miller RL, Guimond SE, Prescott M, Turnbull JE, Karlsson N. Versatile Separation and Analysis of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides Using Graphitized Carbon Liquid Chromatography and Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8942-8950. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Miller
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, U.K
- Oncology
Department, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Mark Prescott
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Niclas Karlsson
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Sweet Strategies in Prostate Cancer Biomarker Research: Focus on a Prostate Specific Antigen. BIONANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-017-0397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Darebna P, Novak P, Kucera R, Topolcan O, Sanda M, Goldman R, Pompach P. Changes in the expression of N- and O-glycopeptides in patients with colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma quantified by full-MS scan FT-ICR and multiple reaction monitoring. J Proteomics 2016; 153:44-52. [PMID: 27646713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alternations in the glycosylation of proteins have been described in connection with several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer. Analytical tools, which use combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, allow precise and sensitive description of these changes. In this study, we use MRM and FT-ICR operating in full-MS scan, to determine ratios of intensities of specific glycopeptides in HCC, colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Haptoglobin, hemopexin and complement factor H were detected after albumin depletion and the N-linked glycopeptides with fucosylated glycans were compared with their non-fucosylated forms. In addition, sialylated forms of an O-linked glycopeptide of hemopexin were quantified in the same samples. We observe significant increase in fucosylation of all three proteins and increase in bi-sialylated O-glycopeptide of hemopexin in HCC of hepatitis C viral (HCV) etiology by both LC-MS methods. The results of the MRM and full-MS scan FT-ICR analyses provide comparable quantitative readouts in spite of chromatographic, mass spectrometric and data analysis differences. Our results suggest that both workflows allow adequate relative quantification of glycopeptides and suggest that HCC of HCV etiology differs in glycosylation from colorectal cancer and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE The article compares N- and O-glycosylation of several serum proteins in different diseases by a fast and easy sample preparation procedure in combination with high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The results show successful glycopeptides relative quantification in a complex peptide mixture by the high resolution instrument and the detection of glycan differences between the different types of cancer diseases. The presented method is comparable to conventional targeted MRM approach but allows additional curation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Darebna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novak
- Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kucera
- Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Topolcan
- Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Sanda
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Petr Pompach
- Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Rožman M. Characterization and Modeling of the Collision Induced Dissociation Patterns of Deprotonated Glycosphingolipids: Cleavage of the Glycosidic Bond. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:91-98. [PMID: 26297186 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipid fragmentation behavior was investigated by combining results from analysis of a series of negative ion tandem mass spectra and molecular modeling. Fragmentation patterns extracted from 75 tandem mass spectra of mainly acidic glycosphingolipid species (gangliosides) suggest prominent cleavage of the glycosidic bonds with retention of the glycosidic oxygen atom by the species formed from the reducing end (B and Y ion formation). Dominant product ions arise from dissociation of sialic acids glycosidic bonds whereas product ions resulting from cleavage of other glycosidic bonds are less abundant. Potential energy surfaces and unimolecular reaction rates of several low-energy fragmentation pathways leading to cleavage of glycosidic bonds were estimated in order to explain observed dissociation patterns. Glycosidic bond cleavage in both neutral (unsubstituted glycosyl group) and acidic glycosphingolipids was the outcome of the charge-directed intramolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) mechanism. According to the suggested mechanism, the nucleophile in a form of carboxylate or oxyanion attacks the carbon at position one of the sugar ring, simultaneously breaking the glycosidic bond and yielding an epoxide. For gangliosides, unimolecular reaction rates suggest that dominant product ions related to the cleavage of sialic acid glycosidic bonds are formed via direct dissociation channels. On the other hand, low abundant product ions related to the dissociation of other glycosidic bonds are more likely to be the result of sequential dissociation. Although results from this study mainly contribute to the understanding of glycosphingolipid fragmentation chemistry, some mechanistic findings regarding cleavage of the glycosidic bond may be applicable to other glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Rožman
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10002, Zagreb, Croatia.
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32
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Li H, Bendiak B, Siems WF, Gang DR, Hill HH. Determining the Isomeric Heterogeneity of Neutral Oligosaccharide-Alditols of Bovine Submaxillary Mucin Using Negative Ion Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2228-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503754k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Brad Bendiak
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology, Program in Structural
Biology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - William F. Siems
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - David R. Gang
- Institute of Biological
Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Herbert H. Hill
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Zhang Q, Feng X, Li H, Liu BF, Lin Y, Liu X. Methylamidation for isomeric profiling of sialylated glycans by nanoLC-MS. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7913-9. [PMID: 25022802 DOI: 10.1021/ac501844b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of isomeric glycans is a challenging task. In this work, a new strategy was developed for isomer-specific glycan profiling using nanoLC-MS with PGC as the stationary phase. Native glycans were derivatized in the presence of methylamine and trispyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate and reduced by the ammonia-borane complex. Methylamidation stabilized the retention time and peak width and improved the detection sensitivity of sialylated glycans to 2-80-fold in comparison to previous ESI-MS methods using the positive-ion mode. Up to 19 tetrasialylated glycan species were identified in the derivatized human serum sample, which were difficult to detect in the sample without derivatization. Furthermore, due to high detection sensitivity and chromatographic resolution, more isomeric glycans could be identified from the model glycoprotein Fetuin and the human serum sample. As a result, up to seven isomers were observed for the disialylated biantennary glycan released from Fetuin, and three of them were identified for the first time in this study. Using the developed analytical strategy, a total of 293 glycan species were obtained from the human serum sample, representing an increase of over 100 peaks in comparison to the underivatized sample. The strategy greatly facilitates the profiling of isomeric glycans and the analysis of trace-level samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
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Saldova R, Asadi Shehni A, Haakensen VD, Steinfeld I, Hilliard M, Kifer I, Helland A, Yakhini Z, Børresen-Dale AL, Rudd PM. Association of N-glycosylation with breast carcinoma and systemic features using high-resolution quantitative UPLC. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2314-27. [PMID: 24669823 DOI: 10.1021/pr401092y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An improved separation of the human serum N-glycome using hydrophilic interaction chromatography technology with UPLC is described, where more than 140 N-glycans were assigned. Using this technique, serum samples from 107 healthy controls and 62 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were profiled. The most statistically significant alterations were observed in cancer patients compared with healthy controls: an increase in sialylation, branching, and outer-arm fucosylation and a decrease in high-mannosylated and biantennary core-fucosylated glycans. In the controls and cases combined systemic features were analyzed; serum estradiol was associated with increase in digalactosylated glycans, and higher mammographic density was associated with increase in biantennary digalactosylated glycans and with decrease in trisialylated and in outer-arm fucosylated glycans. Furthermore, particular glycans were altered in some features of the breast carcinomas; bisected biantennary nonfucosylated glycans were decreased in patients with progesterone receptor positive tumors, and core-fucosylated biantennary bisected monogalactosylated glycans were decreased in patients with the TP53 mutation. Systemic features show more significant associations with the serum N-glycome than do the features of the breast carcinomas. In conclusion, the UPLC-based glycan analysis technique described here reveals highly significant differences between healthy women and breast cancer patients. Significant associations with breast carcinoma and systemic features are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin 4, Ireland
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35
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Kailemia MJ, Ruhaak LR, Lebrilla CB, Amster IJ. Oligosaccharide analysis by mass spectrometry: a review of recent developments. Anal Chem 2014; 86:196-212. [PMID: 24313268 PMCID: PMC3924431 DOI: 10.1021/ac403969n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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36
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Kottler R, Mank M, Hennig R, Müller-Werner B, Stahl B, Reichl U, Rapp E. Development of a high-throughput glycoanalysis method for the characterization of oligosaccharides in human milk utilizing multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2323-36. [PMID: 23716415 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, enormous progress regarding knowledge about composition and properties of human milk (HM) has been made. Besides nutrition, the three macro-nutrients: proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates combine a large variety of properties and functions. Especially, complex oligosaccharides emerge as important dietary factors during early life with multiple functions. The characterization of these HM oligosaccharides (HMOS) within the total carbohydrate fraction is prerequisite to understand the relationship between milk composition and biological effects. Therefore, extended studies of large donor cohorts and thus, new high-throughput glycoanalytical methods are needed. The developed method comprises sample preparation, as well as analysis of HMOS by multiplexed CGE with LIF detection (xCGE-LIF). Via a respective database the generated "fingerprints" (normalized electropherograms) could be used for structural elucidation of HMOS. The method was tested on HM samples from five different donors, partly sampled as a series of lactation time points. HMOS could be easily identified and quantified. Consequently, secretor and Lewis status of the donors could be determined, milk typing could be performed and quantitative changes could be monitored along lactation time course. The developed xCGE-LIF based "real" high-throughput HMOS analysis method enables qualitative and quantitative high-performance profiling of the total carbohydrate fraction composition of large sets of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kottler
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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37
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Alley WR, Mann BF, Novotny MV. High-sensitivity analytical approaches for the structural characterization of glycoproteins. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2668-732. [PMID: 23531120 PMCID: PMC3992972 DOI: 10.1021/cr3003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Milos V. Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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38
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Ni W, Bones J, Karger BL. In-depth characterization of N-linked oligosaccharides using fluoride-mediated negative ion microfluidic chip LC-MS. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3127-35. [PMID: 23398125 PMCID: PMC3604099 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of N-glycans by liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a microfluidic chip packed with porous graphitized carbon (PGC) represents a rapidly developing area in oligosaccharide analysis. Positive ion ESI-MS generates B/Y-type glycosidic fragment ions under collisional-induced dissociation (CID). Although these ions facilitate glycan sequencing, they provide little information on linkage and positional isomers. Isomer identification in these cases is by retention on the PGC stationary phase where the specific structural isomers can, in principle, be separated. In this paper, we broaden the applicability of the PGC microfluidic chip/MS platform by implementing fluoride-mediated negative ESI-MS. Ammonium fluoride, added to the mobile phase, aids in the formation of pseudomolecular oligosaccharide anions due to the ability of fluoride to abstract a proton from the glycan structure. The negative charge results in the generation of C-type glycosidic fragments, highly informative A-type cross-ring fragment ions, and additional gas-phase ion reaction products (e.g., D- and E-type ions), which, when combined, lead to in-depth oligosaccharide characterization, including linkage and positional isomers. Due to the separation of anomers by the PGC phase, comparison of oligosaccharides with an intact reducing terminus to their experimentally prepared corresponding alditols was performed, revealing a more sensitive MS and, especially, MS/MS analysis from the glycans with a free reducing end. Fluoride also ensured recovery of charged oligosaccharides from the PGC stationary phase. Application to the characterization of N-glycans released from polyclonal human and murine serum IgG is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the chip/negative ESI approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Ni
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Barry L. Karger
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
The ability to quantitatively determine changes in the N- and O-linked glycans is an essential component of comparative glycomics. Multiple strategies are available to by which this can be accomplished, including; both label free approaches and isotopic labeling strategies. The focus of this chapter is to describe each of these approaches while providing insight into their strengths and weaknesses, so that glycomic investigators can make an educated choice of the strategy that is best suited for their particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Orlando
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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40
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Palmisano G, Larsen MR, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Structural analysis of glycoprotein sialylation – part II: LC-MS based detection. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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41
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry plays an increasingly important role in structural glycomics. This review provides an overview on currently used mass spectrometric approaches such as the characterization of glycans, the analysis of glycopeptides obtained by proteolytic cleavage of proteins and the analysis of glycosphingolipids. The given examples are demonstrating the application of mass spectrometry to study glycosylation changes associated with congenital disorders of glycosylation, lysosomal storage diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Wuhrer
- Department of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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42
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Hayes CA, Doohan R, Kirkley D, Leister K, Harhen B, Savage AV, Karlsson NG. Cross validation of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and lectin array for monitoring glycosylation in fed-batch glycoprotein production. Mol Biotechnol 2012; 51:272-82. [PMID: 22048797 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation analysis of recombinant glycoproteins is of importance for the biopharmaceutical industry and the production of glycoprotein pharmaceuticals. A commercially available lectin array technology was evaluated for its ability to present a reproducible fingerprint of a recombinant CTLY4-IgG fusion glycoprotein expressed in large scale CHO-cell fermentation. The glycosylation prediction from the array was compared to traditional negative mode capillary LC-MS of released oligosaccharides. It was shown that both methods provide data that allow samples to be distinguished by their glycosylation pattern. This included information about sialylation, the presence of reducing terminal galactose β1-, terminal N-acetylglucosamine β1-, and antennary distribution. With both methods it was found that a general trend of increased sialylation was associated with an increase of the antenna and reduced amount of terminal galactose β1-, while N-acetylglucosamine β1- was less affected. LC-MS, but not the lectin array, provided valuable information about the sialic acid isoforms present, including N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid and their O-acetylated versions. Detected small amounts of high-mannose structures by LC-MS correlated with the detection of the same epitope by the lectin array.
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43
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Comparison of ZIC-HILIC and graphitized carbon-based analytical approaches combined with exoglycosidase digestions for analysis of glycans from monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 911:93-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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GlycReSoft: a software package for automated recognition of glycans from LC/MS data. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45474. [PMID: 23049804 PMCID: PMC3458864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation modifies the physicochemical properties and protein binding functions of glycoconjugates. These modifications are biosynthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus by a series of enzymatic transformations that are under complex control. As a result, mature glycans on a given site are heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms. This gives rise to a spectrum of adhesive properties that strongly influences interactions with binding partners and resultant biological effects. In order to understand the roles glycosylation plays in normal and disease processes, efficient structural analysis tools are necessary. In the field of glycomics, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is used to profile the glycans present in a given sample. This technology enables comparison of glycan compositions and abundances among different biological samples, i.e. normal versus disease, normal versus mutant, etc. Manual analysis of the glycan profiling LC/MS data is extremely time-consuming and efficient software tools are needed to eliminate this bottleneck. In this work, we have developed a tool to computationally model LC/MS data to enable efficient profiling of glycans. Using LC/MS data deconvoluted by Decon2LS/DeconTools, we built a list of unique neutral masses corresponding to candidate glycan compositions summarized over their various charge states, adducts and range of elution times. Our work aims to provide confident identification of true compounds in complex data sets that are not amenable to manual interpretation. This capability is an essential part of glycomics work flows. We demonstrate this tool, GlycReSoft, using an LC/MS dataset on tissue derived heparan sulfate oligosaccharides. The software, code and a test data set are publically archived under an open source license.
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Casal E, Lebrón-Aguilar R, Chuan-Lee Y, Noboru T, Quintanilla-López JE. Identification of Sialylated Oligosaccharides Derived from Ovine and Caprine Caseinomacropeptide by Graphitized Carbon Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Käsermann F, Boerema DJ, Rüegsegger M, Hofmann A, Wymann S, Zuercher AW, Miescher S. Analysis and functional consequences of increased Fab-sialylation of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) after lectin fractionation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37243. [PMID: 22675478 PMCID: PMC3366990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that the anti-inflammatory effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) might be due to the small fraction of Fc-sialylated IgG. In this study we biochemically and functionally characterized sialic acid-enriched IgG obtained by Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) lectin fractionation. Two main IgG fractions isolated by elution with lactose (E1) or acidified lactose (E2) were analyzed for total IgG, F(ab’)2 and Fc-specific sialic acid content, their pattern of specific antibodies and anti-inflammatory potential in a human in vitro inflammation system based on LPS- or PHA-stimulated whole blood. HPLC and LC-MS testing revealed an increase of sialylated IgG in E1 and more substantially in the E2 fraction. Significantly, the increased amount of sialic acid residues was primarily found in the Fab region whereas only a minor increase was observed in the Fc region. This indicates preferential binding of the Fab sialic acid to SNA. ELISA analyses of a representative range of pathogen and auto-antigens indicated a skewed antibody pattern of the sialylated IVIG fractions. Finally, the E2 fraction exerted a more profound anti-inflammatory effect compared to E1 or IVIG, evidenced by reduced CD54 expression on monocytes and reduced secretion of MCP-1 (CCL2); again these effects were Fab- but not Fc-dependent. Our results show that SNA fractionation of IVIG yields a minor fraction (approx. 10%) of highly sialylated IgG, wherein the sialic acid is mainly found in the Fab region. The tested anti-inflammatory activity was associated with Fab not Fc sialylation.
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Abstract
The glycome, that is, the glycan components of a biological source, has been widely reported to change with disease states. However, mining the glycome for biomarkers is complicated by glycan structural heterogeneity. Nanoflow LC, or nano-LC, significantly addresses the problem by providing a highly sensitive and quantitative method of separating and profiling glycans. This review summarizes recent advances in analytical technology and methodology that enhance and augment the advantages offered by nano-LC. (e.g., reversed phase, hydrophilic interaction and porous graphitized carbon chromatography, as well as associated derivatization strategies), detectors (e.g., fluorescence and MS), and technology platforms (particularly chip-based nano-LC) are examined in detail, along with their application to biomarker discovery. Particular emphasis is placed on methods and technologies that allow structure-specific glycan profiling.
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49
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Karlsson NG, McGuckin MA. O-Linked glycome and proteome of high-molecular-mass proteins in human ovarian cancer ascites: Identification of sulfation, disialic acid and O-linked fucose. Glycobiology 2012; 22:918-29. [PMID: 22422444 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The O-linked glycosylation of the main acidic high-molecular-weight glycoprotein from ascites fluid from patients with ovarian cancer were analyzed. The O-linked oligosaccharides were shown to consist of mainly highly sialylated core 1 and 2 structures with a smaller amount of sulfated core 2 structures. These structures were shown to be able to be further extended into small keratan sulfate (KS)-type oligosaccharides with up to four N-acetyllactosamine units. Proteomic studies of the acidic fraction of ascites fluid from patients with ovarian cancer showed that this fraction was enriched in proteoglycans. Among them, lumican, agrin, versican and dystroglycans were potential candidates, with threonine- and serine-rich domains that could carry a significant amount of O-linked glycosylation, including also the O-linked KS. Glycomic analysis using liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) also showed that the disialic acid NeuAc-NeuAc- was frequently found as the terminating structure on the O-linked core 1 and 2 oligosaccharides from one ascites sample. Also, a small amount of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-associated O-linked fucose structure Gal-GlcNAc-Fucitol was detected with and without sialic acid in the LC-MS/MS analysis. Candidate proteins containing O-linked fucose were suggested to be proteoglycan-type molecules containing the O-linked fucose EGF consensus domain.
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50
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Aldredge D, An HJ, Tang N, Waddell K, Lebrilla C. Annotation of a serum N-glycan library for rapid identification of structures. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:1958-68. [PMID: 22320385 PMCID: PMC3292799 DOI: 10.1021/pr2011439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins and has been shown to change with various pathological states including cancer. Global glycan profiling of human serum based on mass spectrometry has already led to several promising markers for diseases. The changes in glycan structure can result in altered monosaccharide composition as well as in the linkages between the monosaccharides. High-throughput glycan structural elucidation is not possible because of the lack of a glycan template to expedite identification. In an effort toward rapid profiling and identification of glycans, we have constructed a library of structures for the serum glycome to aid in the rapid identification of serum glycans. N-Glycans from human serum glycoproteins are used as a standard and compiled into a library with exact structure (composition and linkage), liquid chromatography retention time, and accurate mass. Development of the library relies on highly reproducible nanoLC-MS retention times. Tandem MS and exoglycosidase digestions were used for structural elucidation. The library currently contains over 300 entries with 50 structures completely elucidated and over 60 partially elucidated structures. This database is steadily growing and will be used to rapidly identify glycans in unknown biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Aldredge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technologies, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Ning Tang
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Keith Waddell
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Carlito Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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