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Picazas-Márquez N, Sierra M, Nova C, Moreno JM, Aboitiz N, de Rivas G, Sierra MA, Martínez-Álvarez R, Gómez-Caballero E. GC-MS Study of Mono- and Bishaloethylphosphonates Related to Schedule 2.B.04 of the Chemical Weapons Convention: The Discovery of a New Intramolecular Halogen Transfer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1510-1519. [PMID: 27300717 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new class of compounds, mono- and bis-haloethylphosphonates (HAPs and bisHAPs, respectively), listed in Schedule 2.B.04 of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), has been synthesized and studied by GC-MS with two aims. First, to improve the identification of this type of chemicals by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, (OPCW). Second, to study the synergistic effect of halogen and silicon atoms in molecules undergoing mass spectrometry. Fragmentation patterns of trimethylsilyl derivatives of HAPs were found to depend on the nature of the halogen atom; this was in agreement with DFT-calculations. The data suggest that a novel intramolecular halogen transfer takes place during the fragmentation process. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Picazas-Márquez
- Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España (ISDEFE), Beatriz de Bobadilla 3, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sierra
- Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España (ISDEFE), Beatriz de Bobadilla 3, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Nova
- Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España (ISDEFE), Beatriz de Bobadilla 3, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Moreno
- Laboratorio de Verificación de Armas Químicas (LAVEMA), Área de Defensa Química, Subdirección General de Sistemas Terrestres, INTA, Campus La Marañosa, San Martín de la Vega, E-28330, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Aboitiz
- Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España (ISDEFE), Beatriz de Bobadilla 3, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de Rivas
- Laboratorio de Verificación de Armas Químicas (LAVEMA), Área de Defensa Química, Subdirección General de Sistemas Terrestres, INTA, Campus La Marañosa, San Martín de la Vega, E-28330, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Gómez-Caballero
- Laboratorio de Verificación de Armas Químicas (LAVEMA), Área de Defensa Química, Subdirección General de Sistemas Terrestres, INTA, Campus La Marañosa, San Martín de la Vega, E-28330, Madrid, Spain
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Sridhar L, Karthikraj R, Murty MRVS, Raju NP, Vairamani M, Prabhakar S. Mass spectral analysis of N-oxides of Chemical Weapons Convention related aminoethanols under electrospray ionization conditions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:533-542. [PMID: 21259362 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
N,N'-Dialkylaminoethanols are the hydrolyzed products or precursors of chemical warfare agents such as V-agents and nitrogen mustards, and they are prone to undergo oxidation in environmental matrices or during decontamination processes. Consequently, screening of the oxidized products of aminoethanols in aqueous samples is an important task in the verification of chemical weapons convention-related chemicals. Here we report the successful characterization of the N-oxides of N,N'-dialkylaminoethanols, alkyl diethanolamines, and triethanolamine using positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of the [M+H](+) and [M+Na](+) ions show diagnostic product ions that enable the unambiguous identification of the studied N-oxides, including those of isomeric compounds. The proposed fragmentation pathways are supported by high-resolution mass spectrometry data and product/precursor ion spectra. The CID spectra of [M+H](+) ions included [MH-CH(4)O(2)](+) as the key product ion, in addition to a distinctive alkene loss that allowed us to recognize the alkyl group attached to the nitrogen. The [M+Na](+) ions show characteristic product ions due to the loss of groups (R) attached to nitrogen either as a radical (R) or as a molecule [R+H or (R-H)] after hydrogen migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sridhar
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, A.P., India
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Papousková B, Bednár P, Frysová I, Stýskala J, Hlavác J, Barták P, Ulrichová J, Jirkovský J, Lemr K. Mass spectrometric study of selected precursors and degradation products of chemical warfare agents. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:1550-1561. [PMID: 18085550 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Selected precursors and degradation products of chemical warfare agents namely N,N-dialkylaminoethane-2-ols, N,N-dialkylaminoethyl-2-chlorides and some of related N-quaternary salts were studied by means of electrospray ionization-multiple tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)). Proposed structures were confirmed with accurate mass measurement. General fragmentation patterns of these compounds are discussed in detail and suggested processes are confirmed using deuterated standards. The typical processes are elimination of alkene, hydrogen chloride, or water, respectively. Besides, elimination of ethene from propyl chain under specific conditions was observed and unambiguously confirmed using exact mass measurement and labelled standard. The potential of mass spectrometry to distinguish the positional isomers occurring among the studied compounds is reviewed in detail using two different MS instruments (i.e. ion trap and hybrid quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) analyzer). A new microcolumn liquid chromatography (microLC)/MS(n) method was designed for the cases where the resolution based solely on differences in fragmentation is not sufficient. Low retention of the derivatives on reversed phase (RP) was overcome by using addition of less typical ion pairing agent (1 mM/l, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid) to the mobile phase (mixture water : acetonitrile).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Papousková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Trída Svobody 8, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Richardson DD, Caruso JA. Derivatization of organophosphorus nerve agent degradation products for gas chromatography with ICPMS and TOF-MS detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:809-23. [PMID: 17356819 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Separation and detection of seven V-type (venomous) and G-type (German) organophosphorus nerve agent degradation products by gas chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICPMS) is described. The nonvolatile alkyl phosphonic acid degradation products of interest included ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA, VX acid), isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA, GB acid), ethyl hydrogen dimethylamidophosphate sodium salt (EDPA, GA acid), isobutyl hydrogen methylphosphonate (IBMPA, RVX acid), as well as pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid (PMPA), methylphosphonic acid (MPA), and cyclohexyl methylphosphonic acid (CMPA, GF acid). N-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluroacetamide with 1% TBDMSCl was utilized to form the volatile TBDMS derivatives of the nerve agent degradation products for separation by GC. Exact mass confirmation of the formation of six of the TBDMS derivatives was obtained by GC-time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). The method developed here allowed for the separation and detection of all seven TBDMS derivatives as well as phosphate in less than ten minutes. Detection limits for the developed method were less than 5 pg with retention times and peak area precisions of less than 0.01 and 6%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to river water and soil matrices. To date this is the first work describing the analysis of chemical warfare agent (CWA) degradation products by GC-ICPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:266-277. [PMID: 17262881 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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