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Yang Y, Deng J. Analysis of pharmaceutical products and herbal medicines using ambient mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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2
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Cardoso-Palacios C, Lanekoff I. Direct Analysis of Pharmaceutical Drugs Using Nano-DESI MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:3591908. [PMID: 27766177 PMCID: PMC5059531 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3591908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs imply an increasing threat to the global public health. It is necessary to have systems to control the products that reach the market and to detect falsified medicines. In this work, molecules in several pharmaceutical tablets were directly analyzed using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-DESI MS). Nano-DESI is an ambient surface sampling technique which enables sampling of molecules directly from the surface of the tablets without any sample pretreatment. Both the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and some excipients were detected in all analyzed tablets. Principal component analysis was used to analyze mass spectral features from different tablets showing strong clustering between tablets with different APIs. The obtained results suggest nano-DESI MS as future tool for forensic analysis to discern APIs present in unknown tablet samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Ingela Lanekoff:
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3
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Sumner LW, Lei Z, Nikolau BJ, Saito K. Modern plant metabolomics: advanced natural product gene discoveries, improved technologies, and future prospects. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:212-29. [PMID: 25342293 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolomics has matured and modern plant metabolomics has accelerated gene discoveries and the elucidation of a variety of plant natural product biosynthetic pathways. This review covers the approximate period of 2000 to 2014, and highlights specific examples of the discovery and characterization of novel genes and enzymes associated with the biosynthesis of natural products such as flavonoids, glucosinolates, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Additional examples of the integration of metabolomics with genome-based functional characterizations of plant natural products that are important to modern pharmaceutical technology are also reviewed. This article also provides a substantial review of recent technical advances in mass spectrometry imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, integrated LC-MS-SPE-NMR for metabolite identifications, and X-ray crystallography of microgram quantities for structural determinations. The review closes with a discussion on the future prospects of metabolomics related to crop species and herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd W Sumner
- The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, USA.
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4
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Personalized monitoring of therapeutic salicylic acid in dried blood spots using a three-layer setup and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7229-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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Abstract
Developments in forensic mass spectrometry tend to follow, rather than lead, the developments in other disciplines. Examples of techniques having forensic potential born independently of forensic applications include ambient ionization, imaging mass spectrometry, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, portable mass spectrometers, and hyphenated chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments, to name a few. Forensic science has the potential to benefit enormously from developments that are funded by other means, if only the infrastructure and personnel existed to adopt, validate, and implement the new technologies into casework. Perhaps one unique area in which forensic science is at the cutting edge is in the area of chemometrics and the determination of likelihood ratios for the evaluation of the weight of evidence. Such statistical techniques have been developed most extensively for ignitable-liquid residue analyses and isotope ratio analysis. This review attempts to capture the trends, motivating forces, and likely impact of developing areas of forensic mass spectrometry, with the caveat that none of this research is likely to have any real impact in the forensic community unless: (a) The instruments developed are turned into robust black boxes with red and green lights for positives and negatives, respectively, or (b) there are PhD graduates in the workforce who can help adopt these sophisticated techniques.
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6
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Muramoto S. Visualizing mass transport in desorption electrospray ionization using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry: a look at the geometric configuration of the spray. Analyst 2015; 139:5868-78. [PMID: 25225848 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to visualize the transport of analyte molecules desorbed onto a silicon wafer collection substrate by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). The effect of spray incidence angle, tip height, and probe distance on the concentration and the spatial distribution of desorbed analyte molecules were investigated with the objective of identifying DESI operational parameters that provide more reproducible results by achieving steady ion transmission and minimized material loss. An incidence angle between 25° and 35° with respect to the plane of the surface provided the best compromise between maximizing ambient MS signal and achieving the best reliability. Glancing incidence angles provided higher ambient MS signals through a tighter dispersion of the secondary droplet plume, but run-to-run variability of as much as 40%. On the other hand, steeper incidence angles led to a widening of the lateral dispersion of the secondary droplets and decreased analyte desorption. For all incidence angles, shorter probe distances were preferred since the resulting tighter dispersion of the secondary droplets produced higher ion transmission and therefore higher ambient MS signals. Tip height was found to correlate with the spot size (footprint) of the spray on the surface; changing the tip height from (1 to 2 to 3) mm changed the diameter of the spray impact area from (1.3, 1.8, to 2.1) mm, respectively. For shorter probe to MS inlet distances, larger tip heights increased the ambient MS signal due to increased analyte desorption while maintaining a tighter dispersion of the secondary droplet plume. Equally important to optimizing instrument configuration was the understanding that the deposition of a sample onto the surface resulted in a coffee ring, where the diameter was larger than the spot size of the spray. Higher tip heights may be preferred for a more consistent analyte response since all or a large fraction of the analyte could be sampled to reduce variability in ambient MS response. The study showed that ToF-SIMS can be used as a unique tool for characterizing the transport of desorbed analyte molecules for DESI, and potentially offers insight into new interface designs for improved transmission of analyte into the mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Muramoto
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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7
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Lostun D, Perez CJ, Licence P, Barrett DA, Ifa DR. Reactive DESI-MS imaging of biological tissues with dicationic ion-pairing compounds. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3286-93. [PMID: 25710577 DOI: 10.1021/ac5042445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This work illustrates reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) with a stable dication on biological tissues. Rat brain and zebra fish tissues were investigated with reactive DESI-MS in which the dictation forms a stable bond with biological tissue fatty acids and lipids. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to characterize the dication (DC9) and to identify linked lipid-dication compounds formed. The fragment m/z 85 common to both DC9 fragmentation and DC9-lipid fragmentation was used to confirm that DC9 is indeed bonded with the lipids. Lipid signals in the range of m/z 250-350 and phosphoethanolamines (PE) m/z 700-800 observed in negative ion mode were also detected in positive ion mode with reactive DESI-MS with enhanced signal intensity. Reactive DESI-MS imaging in positive ion mode of rat brain and zebra fish tissues allowed enhanced detection of compounds commonly observed in the negative ion mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Lostun
- †Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Consuelo J Perez
- †Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Peter Licence
- ‡School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - David A Barrett
- §Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Demian R Ifa
- †Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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8
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Muramoto S, Forbes TP, Staymates ME, Gillen G. Visualizing mass transport in desorption electrospray ionization using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analyst 2014; 139:2668-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of analyte molecules desorbed by desorption electrospray ionization was imaged and characterized using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Muramoto
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Gaithersburg, USA
| | | | | | - Greg Gillen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Gaithersburg, USA
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9
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Morelato M, Beavis A, Kirkbride P, Roux C. Forensic applications of desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Forensic Sci Int 2013; 226:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Achievements and future trends in the analysis of emerging organic contaminants in environmental samples by mass spectrometry and bioanalytical techniques. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:86-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Ambient desorption ionization mass spectrometry (DART, DESI) and its bioanalytical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-010-0019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Aminlashgari N, Hakkarainen M. Emerging Mass Spectrometric Tools for Analysis of Polymers and Polymer Additives. MASS SPECTROMETRY OF POLYMERS – NEW TECHNIQUES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Xu W, Manicke NE, Cooks GR, Ouyang Z. Miniaturization of Mass Spectrometry Analysis Systems. JALA (CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA.) 2010; 15:433-439. [PMID: 21278840 PMCID: PMC3026596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The key concepts and technologies developed in our laboratories in Purdue University for the miniaturization of mass spectrometry analysis systems are introduced. Mass analyzers of simple geometries with a novel atmospheric pressure interface were employed allowed reduction in the size of the ion trap mass spectrometer. Ambient ionization methods were developed and coupled to miniature mass spectrometers to allow direct MS analysis of complex samples without sample preparation and chemical separation. The performance of desorption electrospray ionization, low temperature plasma probe, paper spray as well as two handheld MS systems, Mini 10 and Mini 11, are described with demonstrations of capabilities for chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Graham R. Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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14
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Zhang X, Jia B, Huang K, Hu B, Chen R, Chen H. Tracing Origins of Complex Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8060-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100407k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglei Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Jia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Keke Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
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15
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Alberici RM, Simas RC, Sanvido GB, Romão W, Lalli PM, Benassi M, Cunha IBS, Eberlin MN. Ambient mass spectrometry: bringing MS into the "real world". Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:265-94. [PMID: 20521143 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has recently undergone a second contemporary revolution with the introduction of a new group of desorption/ionization (DI) techniques known collectively as ambient mass spectrometry. Performed in an open atmosphere directly on samples in their natural environments or matrices, or by using auxiliary surfaces, ambient mass spectrometry (MS) has greatly simplified and increased the speed of MS analysis. Since its debut in 2004 there has been explosive growth in the applications and variants of ambient MS, and a very comprehensive set of techniques based on different desorption and ionization mechanisms is now available. Most types of molecules with a large range of masses and polarities can be ionized with great ease and simplicity with the outstanding combination of the speed, selectivity, and sensitivity of MS detection. This review describes and compares the basis of ionization and the concepts of the most promising ambient MS techniques known to date and illustrates, via typical analytical and bioanalytical applications, how ambient MS is helping to bring MS analysis deeper than ever into the "real world" open atmosphere environment--to wherever MS is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana M Alberici
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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Abstract
The use of MS imaging (MSI) to resolve the spatial and pharmacodynamic distributions of compounds in tissues is emerging as a powerful tool for pharmacological research. Unlike established imaging techniques, only limited a priori knowledge is required and no extensive manipulation (e.g., radiolabeling) of drugs is necessary prior to dosing. MS provides highly multiplexed detection, making it possible to identify compounds, their metabolites and other changes in biomolecular abundances directly off tissue sections in a single pass. This can be employed to obtain near cellular, or potentially subcellular, resolution images. Consideration of technical limitations that affect the process is required, from sample preparation through to analyte ionization and detection. The techniques have only recently been adapted for imaging and novel variations to the established MSI methodologies will further enhance the application of MSI for pharmacological research.
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17
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Junot C, Madalinski G, Tabet JC, Ezan E. Fourier transform mass spectrometry for metabolome analysis. Analyst 2010; 135:2203-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Dill AL, Ifa DR, Manicke NE, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Mass spectrometric imaging of lipids using desorption electrospray ionization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2883-9. [PMID: 19150258 PMCID: PMC2921711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), a relatively new ambient ionization technique used in mass spectrometry (MS), allows for the direct analysis of samples such as thin tissue sections, to be conducted outside of vacuum in the ambient environment and often without sample preparation. DESI-MS has been used in order to systematically characterize phospholipids, which are abundant species in biological tissue samples. Lipids play important biological roles and differences in lipid compositions have been seen in diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Imaging of thin tissue sections exploits the ability of DESI-MS to study these lipids directly in the biological matrix. In imaging MS (IMS), a mass spectrum is recorded at each pixel while moving the surface containing the sample so that the entire sample area is covered. The information in these mass spectra can be combined to create a 2D chemical image of the sample, combining information on spatial distribution with information on chemical identity from the characteristic ions in the mass spectra. DESI-MS has been used to image a variety of tissue samples including human liver adenocarcinoma, rat brain, human breast tissue and canine abdominal tumor tissue. Comparisons between diseased and normal tissue are made in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Dill
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Demian R. Ifa
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas E. Manicke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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19
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Rapid screening of active ingredients in drugs by mass spectrometry with low-temperature plasma probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:591-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Abstract
The continuing desire to analyze complex biological samples with the minimum number of steps places high demands on increasing speed, dynamic signal range, quantitative capability and the facility with which the mass spectrometers can interface with chromatographic separation methods. Reliable identification of metabolites in complex mixtures requires robust mass spectrometers with high resolving power, mass accuracy, sensitivity and dynamic range, while tandem MS is an invaluable tool for further structural characterization. This review begins with a discussion of the key properties of the Orbitrap™ mass analyzer: mass accuracy, resolution, fidelity of isotope pattern abundancies and dynamic range. The main objective is to provide an overview of Orbitrap applications in the field of bioanalysis. Specific areas of drug metabolism, doping control and food contaminants are discussed in detail illustrating the performance and versatility of the Orbitrap mass analyzer.
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21
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Nyadong L, Hohenstein EG, Galhena A, Lane AL, Kubanek J, Sherrill CD, Fernández FM. Reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) of natural products of a marine alga. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:245-54. [PMID: 19277616 PMCID: PMC3375022 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Presented here is the optimization and development of a desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) method for detecting natural products on tissue surfaces. Bromophycolides are algal diterpene-benzoate macrolide natural products that have been shown to inhibit growth of the marine fungal pathogen Lindra thalassiae. As such, they have been implicated in antimicrobial chemical defense. However, the defense mechanisms are not yet completely understood. Precise detection of these compounds on algal tissue surfaces under ambient conditions without any disruptive sample processing could shed more light onto the processes involved in chemical defense of marine organisms. Conventional DESI-MS directly on algal tissue showed relatively low sensitivity for bromophycolide detection. Sensitivity was greatly improved by the addition of various anions including Cl(-), Br(-), and CF(3)COO(-) into the DESI spray solvent. Chloride adduction gave the highest sensitivity for all assayed anions. Density functional optimization of the bromophycolide anionic complexes produced during DESI supported this observation by showing that the chloride complex has the most favorable binding energy. Optimized DESI protocols allowed the direct and unambiguous detection of bromophycolides, including A, B, and E, from the surface of untreated algal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Nyadong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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22
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Chipuk JE, Brodbelt JS. The influence of material and mesh characteristics on transmission mode desorption electrospray ionization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:584-592. [PMID: 19112027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of desorption electrospray ionization to a transmission mode (TM-DESI) entails passing an electrospray plume through a sample that has been deposited onto a mesh substrate. A combination of mass spectrometry and fluorescence microscopy studies is used to illustrate the critical role material composition, mesh open space, and mesh fiber diameter play on the transmission, desorption, and ionization process. Substrates with open spaces less than 150 microm and accompanying minimal strand diameters produce less scattering of the plume and therefore favor transmission. Larger strand diameters typically encompass larger open spaces, but the increase in the surface area of the strand increases plume scattering as well as solvent and analyte spreading on the mesh. Polypropylene (PP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials afford much better desorption than similarly sized polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) or nylon-6,6 (PA66) substrates. Ultimately, the manner in which the electrospray plume interacts with the mesh as it is transmitted through the substrate is shown to be critical to performing and optimizing TM-DESI analyses. In addition, evidence is presented for analyte dependent variations in the desorption mechanisms of dry and solvated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Chipuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Esquenazi E, Yang YL, Watrous J, Gerwick WH, Dorrestein PC. Imaging mass spectrometry of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:1521-34. [DOI: 10.1039/b915674g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Jackson AU, Tata A, Wu C, Perry RH, Haas G, West L, Cooks RG. Direct analysis of Stevia leaves for diterpene glycosides by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2009; 134:867-74. [DOI: 10.1039/b823511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) allows the direct analysis of ordinary objects or pre-processed samples under ambient conditions. Among other applications, DESI is used to identify and record spatial distributions of lipids and drug molecules in biological tissue sections. This technique does not require sample preparation other than production of microtome tissue slices and does not involve the use of ionization matrices. This greatly simplifies the procedure and prevents the redistribution of analytes during matrix deposition. Images are obtained by continuously moving the sample relative to the DESI sprayer and the inlet of the mass spectrometer. The timing of the protocol depends on the size of the surface to be analyzed and on the desired resolution. Analysis of organ tissue slices at 250 microm resolution typically takes between 30 min and 2 h.
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Harper JD, Charipar NA, Mulligan CC, Zhang X, Cooks RG, Ouyang Z. Low-Temperature Plasma Probe for Ambient Desorption Ionization. Anal Chem 2008; 80:9097-104. [PMID: 19551980 DOI: 10.1021/ac801641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Harper
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development (CAID), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Nicholas A. Charipar
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development (CAID), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Christopher C. Mulligan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development (CAID), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development (CAID), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development (CAID), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development (CAID), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Petucci C, Diffendal J. Atmospheric solids analysis probe: a rapid ionization technique for small molecule drugs. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1565-1568. [PMID: 18470958 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Perry RH, Cooks RG, Noll RJ. Orbitrap mass spectrometry: instrumentation, ion motion and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:661-99. [PMID: 18683895 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Since its introduction, the orbitrap has proven to be a robust mass analyzer that can routinely deliver high resolving power and mass accuracy. Unlike conventional ion traps such as the Paul and Penning traps, the orbitrap uses only electrostatic fields to confine and to analyze injected ion populations. In addition, its relatively low cost, simple design and high space-charge capacity make it suitable for tackling complex scientific problems in which high performance is required. This review begins with a brief account of the set of inventions that led to the orbitrap, followed by a qualitative description of ion capture, ion motion in the trap and modes of detection. Various orbitrap instruments, including the commercially available linear ion trap-orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometers, are also discussed with emphasis on the different methods used to inject ions into the trap. Figures of merit such as resolving power, mass accuracy, dynamic range and sensitivity of each type of instrument are compared. In addition, experimental techniques that allow mass-selective manipulation of the motion of confined ions and their potential application in tandem mass spectrometry in the orbitrap are described. Finally, some specific applications are reviewed to illustrate the performance and versatility of the orbitrap mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Chipuk JE, Brodbelt JS. Transmission mode desorption electrospray ionization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:1612-1620. [PMID: 18684639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new mode of operation for desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) analysis of liquids or solid residues from evaporated solvents is presented. Unlike traditional DESI, the electrospray is not deflected off of a surface but instead is transmitted through a sampling mesh at a 0 degrees angle between the electrospray tip, sample mesh, and capillary inlet of a mass spectrometer. In this configuration, deposited samples can be analyzed rapidly without rigorous optimization of spray distances or angles and without the preparation time associated with solvent evaporation. The new transmission mode desorption electrospray ionization (TM-DESI) technique is not applicable to bulk materials, but instead is a method designed to simplify the sample preparation process for liquid samples and sample extracts. The technique can reduce analysis time to seconds while consuming only microliters of sample. The results presented summarize the optimization of the technique, highlight key figures of merit for several model compounds, and illustrate potential applications to high throughput screening of liquid mixtures in both extraction solvents and biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Chipuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Ma X, Zhao M, Lin Z, Zhang S, Yang C, Zhang X. Versatile Platform Employing Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for High-Throughput Analysis. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6131-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800803x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mengxia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chengdui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
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Nefliu M, Smith JN, Venter A, Cooks RG. Internal energy distributions in desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:420-7. [PMID: 18187338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The internal energy distributions of typical ions generated by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) were measured using the "survival yield" method, and compared with corresponding data for electrospray ionization (ESI) and electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI). The results show that the three ionization methods produce populations of ions having internal energy distributions of similar shapes and mean values (1.7-1.9 eV) suggesting similar phenomena, at least in the later stages of the process leading from solvated droplets to gas-phase ions. These data on energetics are consistent with the view that DESI involves "droplet pick-up" (liquid-liquid extraction) followed by ESI-like desolvation and gas-phase ion formation. The effects of various experimental parameters on the degree of fragmentation of p-methoxy-benzylpyridinium ions were compared between DESI and ESSI. The results show similar trends in the survival yields as a function of the nebulizing gas pressure, solvent flow rate, and distance from the sprayer tip to the MS inlet. These observations are consistent with the mechanism noted above and they also enable the user to exercise control over the energetics of the DESI ionization process, through manipulation of external and internal ion source parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Nefliu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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33
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Kauppila TJ, Talaty N, Kuuranne T, Kotiaho T, Kostiainen R, Cooks RG. Rapid analysis of metabolites and drugs of abuse from urine samples by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2007; 132:868-75. [PMID: 17710261 DOI: 10.1039/b703524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urine samples obtained from drug abusers were screened for drugs of abuse and their metabolites using DESI-MS and the results obtained were compared to results obtained from GC-MS experiments. The detected analyte classes included amphetamines, opiates, cannabinoids and benzodiazepines. The compounds detected were codeine, morphine, oxymorphone, 11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, alprazolam, temazepam, oxazepam, N-desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam) and hydroxytemazepam. Identities of all the analytes were confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry, matching MS/MS spectra with authentic standard compounds. The concentrations of the analytes in the samples were obtained from semi-quantitative GC-MS studies and were in the range of 270-22,000 ng mL(-1). The analytes could be detected by DESI even after a hundred-fold dilution indicating that the sensitivity of DESI was more than adequate for this study. Selectivity in the DESI-MS measurements for different kinds of analytes could be increased further by optimizing the spray solvent composition: the use of an entirely aqueous solvent enhanced the signal of polar analytes, such as the benzodiazepines, whereas the use of a spray solvent with a high organic content increased the signal of less polar analytes, such as codeine and morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina J Kauppila
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
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Bereman MS, Muddiman DC. Detection of attomole amounts of analyte by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) determined using fluorescence spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:1093-6. [PMID: 17448675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2007] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the amount of material removed from a PTFE surface and detected during desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry measurements. The fluorescence intensity before and after DESI analysis of rhodamine 6G is used to determine the amount of material removed from the surface per mass spectrum. Calculations indicate low attomole amounts are removed per linear ion trap mass spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bereman
- W.M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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35
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:689-700. [PMID: 17474104 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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36
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Justes DR, Talaty N, Cotte-Rodriguez I, Cooks RG. Detection of explosives on skin using ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2142-4. [PMID: 17520116 DOI: 10.1039/b703655h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Single nanogram amounts of the explosives TNT, RDX, HMX, PETN and their mixtures were detected and identified in a few seconds on the surface of human skin without any sample preparation by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) using a spray solution of methanol-water doped with sodium chloride to form the chloride adducts with RDX, HMX, and PETN while TNT was examined as the radical anion and tandem mass spectrometry was used to confirm the identifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina R Justes
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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Chen G, Pramanik BN, Liu YH, Mirza UA. Applications of LC/MS in structure identifications of small molecules and proteins in drug discovery. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:279-87. [PMID: 17295416 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With advancements in ionization methods and instrumentation, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has become a powerful technology for the characterization of small molecules and proteins. This article will illustrate the role of LC/MS analysis in drug discovery process. Examples will be given on high-throughput analysis, structural analysis of trace level impurities in drug substances, identification of metabolites, and characterization of therapeutic protein products for process improvement. Some unique MS techniques will also be discussed to demonstrate their effectiveness in facilitating structural identifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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38
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Kaur-Atwal G, Weston DJ, Green PS, Crosland S, Bonner PLR, Creaser CS. Analysis of tryptic peptides using desorption electrospray ionisation combined with ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1131-8. [PMID: 17318928 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel method is reported for rapid protein identification by the analysis of tryptic peptides using desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) coupled with hyphenated ion mobility spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IMS/Q-ToF-MS). Confident protein identification is demonstrated for the analysis of tryptically digested bovine serum albumin (BSA), with no sample pre-treatment or clean-up. Electrophoretic ion mobility separation of ions generated by DESI allowed examination of charge-state and mobility distributions for tryptic peptide mixtures. Selective interrogation of singly charged ions allowed isobaric peptide responses to be distinguished, along with a reduction in spectral noise. The mobility-selected singly charged peptide responses were presented as a pseudo-peptide mass fingerprint (p-PMF) for protein database searching. Comparative data are shown for electrospray ionisation (ESI) of the BSA digest, without sample clean-up, from which confident protein identification could not be made. Implications for the robustness of the DESI method, together with potential insights into mechanisms for DESI of proteolytic digests, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gushinder Kaur-Atwal
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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39
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Bereman MS, Nyadong L, Fernandez FM, Muddiman DC. Direct high-resolution peptide and protein analysis by desorption electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:3409-11. [PMID: 17051610 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the first coupling of a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) ion source to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) for high-resolution protein analysis. The DESI FT-ICR-MS source design is described in detail along with preliminary data obtained on peptides and proteins ranging from 1 to 5.7 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bereman
- W M Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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