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Li T, Jia L, Du R, Liu C, Huang S, Yu H, Han L, Chen X, Wang Y, Jiang M. Comparative investigation of aerial part and root in Lamiophlomis rotata using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS coupled with chemometrics. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Diagnostic product ions-based chemical characterization and antioxidative activity evaluation of solid fermentation for Astragali radix produced by Paecilomyces cicadae. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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LIU ZH, WANG YQ, MEI XD, WANG F, YANG XZ, LI XD, JIANG F, ZHANG JY. Comprehensive analysis of the chemical constituents in sulfur-fumigated Lonicerae Japonicae Flos using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:148-160. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Burgos-Edwards A, Jiménez-Aspee F, Mieres-Castro D, Theoduloz C, Pormetter L, Fogel R, Céspedes C, Soria N, Valdez S. Iridoids and Amino Acid Derivatives from the Paraguayan Crude Drug Adenocalymma marginatum (ysypó hû). Molecules 2020; 25:E180. [PMID: 31906356 PMCID: PMC6983124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crude drug ysypó hû (Adenocalymma marginatum DC., Bignoniaceae) is used traditionally by the Guarani of Eastern Paraguayan as a male sexual enhancer. The aim of the present study was to identify the main constituents of the crude drug and to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity towards the enzyme phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5). The main compounds were isolated by counter-current chromatography (CCC). The metabolites were identified by spectroscopic and spectrometric means. The chemical profiling of the extracts was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The crude extract and main isolated compounds were tested for their PDE-5 inhibitory activity using commercial kits. The iridoid theviridoside and 4-hydroxy-1-methylproline were isolated as the main constituent of the crude drug. Four chlortheviridoside hexoside derivatives were detected for the first time as natural products. Chemical profiling by HPLC-MS/MS led to the tentative identification of nine iridoids, six phenolics, and five amino acids. The crude extracts and main compounds were inactive towards PDE-5 at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL. Iridoids and amino acid derivatives were the main compounds occurring in the Paraguayan crude drug. The potential of ysypó hû as a male sexual enhancer cannot be discarded, since other mechanisms may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.B.-E.); (D.M.-C.); (L.P.)
| | - Alberto Burgos-Edwards
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.B.-E.); (D.M.-C.); (L.P.)
| | - Felipe Jiménez-Aspee
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Daniel Mieres-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.B.-E.); (D.M.-C.); (L.P.)
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Lisa Pormetter
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.B.-E.); (D.M.-C.); (L.P.)
| | - Ramon Fogel
- Centro de Estudios Rurales Interdisciplinarios, Oliva 1019, Edificio Lider V, Piso 17, oficina 172, Asunción 01421, Paraguay; (R.F.); (C.C.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Claudia Céspedes
- Centro de Estudios Rurales Interdisciplinarios, Oliva 1019, Edificio Lider V, Piso 17, oficina 172, Asunción 01421, Paraguay; (R.F.); (C.C.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Nelida Soria
- Centro de Estudios Rurales Interdisciplinarios, Oliva 1019, Edificio Lider V, Piso 17, oficina 172, Asunción 01421, Paraguay; (R.F.); (C.C.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sintya Valdez
- Centro de Estudios Rurales Interdisciplinarios, Oliva 1019, Edificio Lider V, Piso 17, oficina 172, Asunción 01421, Paraguay; (R.F.); (C.C.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
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An Organic Chemist's Guide to Electrospray Mass Spectrometric Structure Elucidation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030611. [PMID: 30744143 PMCID: PMC6384780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry is an important tool for structure elucidation of natural and synthetic organic products. Fragmentation of odd electron ions (OE+) generated by electron ionization (EI) was extensively studied in the last few decades, however there are only a few systematic reviews available concerning the fragmentation of even-electron ions (EE+/EE−) produced by the currently most common ionization techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). This review summarizes the most important features of tandem mass spectra generated by collision-induced dissociation fragmentation and presents didactic examples for the unexperienced users.
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Kang KB, Kang SJ, Kim MS, Lee DY, Han SI, Kim TB, Park JY, Kim J, Yang TJ, Sung SH. Chemical and genomic diversity of six Lonicera species occurring in Korea. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 155:126-135. [PMID: 30121427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera spp. (Caprifoliaceae) are important not only as a common medicinal herb in East Asia but also as one of the most problematic invasive species in North America. In the present study, we performed a systemic analysis of genomic and chemical diversity among six Lonicera species occurring in Korea, L. japonica, L. maackii, L. insularis, L. sachalinensis, L. praeflorens, and L. vesicaria, using chloroplast DNA whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing and LC-MS analyses. The phylogenetic and phylochemical relationships did not coincide with each other, but partial consistency could be found among them. InDel-based cDNA marker for authentication was developed based on the genome sequences. Flavonoids, iridoids, and organic acids were identified in the LC-MS analyses, and their inter-species distribution and localization were also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin-Jae Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Song Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Han
- Medicinal Plant Garden, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Koyang, 12045, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Bum Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Park
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Plant Garden, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Koyang, 12045, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Friščić M, Bucar F, Hazler Pilepić K. LC-PDA-ESI-MS n analysis of phenolic and iridoid compounds from Globularia spp. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:1211-1236. [PMID: 27621087 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a great number of metabolites with potentially useful biological activities. Species from the genus Globularia (Plantaginaceae) are known as sources of different phenolic and iridoid compounds. Globularia alypum L. is a medicinal plant used as a healing agent in many Mediterranean countries. Similarities in phytochemical composition are often observed for related species. For Globularia spp., such findings were mostly based on identification of several isolated compounds from distinct species. To our knowledge, this is the first study that enables simultaneous comparison of phytochemical profiles from several members of the genus Globularia. Liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of methanolic extracts of aerial parts obtained from four Globularia species (G. alypum, G. punctata, G. cordifolia and G. meridionalis). In total, 85 compounds were identified or tentatively identified based on comparison of their retention time, UV and MSn (up to MS4 ) spectra to those of standard compounds and/or to literature data. Among these, high relative amounts of bioactive molecules such as globularin, globularifolin, asperuloside and verbascoside (acteoside) were found. Apart from providing new insights into the phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy of selected Globularia species, results of this study complement existing MS/MS spectral data and could enable easier mass spectrometric profiling of certain bioactive compounds such as iridoids and phenylethanoids in related plant species, genera and families. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Friščić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franz Bucar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Kroata Hazler Pilepić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Dussossoy E, Bichon F, Bony E, Portet K, Brat P, Vaillant F, Michel A, Poucheret P. Pulmonary anti-inflammatory effects and spasmolytic properties of Costa Rican noni juice (Morinda citrifolia L.). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:264-272. [PMID: 27451258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) is a medicinal plant used in Polynesia for many properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antineoplastic effects. Recent studies showed that noni juice have anti-oxidant and acute anti-inflammatory activities likely due to polyphenols, iridoids and vitamin C content. The present study was undertaken to evaluate chronic anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic effects of noni juice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Therefore, we evaluated the effect of oral or intraperitoneal administrations of noni juice in vivo on the lung inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized Brown Norway rat (with prednisolone 10mg/kg intraperitoneously as reference compound) and the ex vivo effect of noni juice on BaCl2 (calcium signal) or methacholine (cholinergic signal) induced spasms in jejunum segments. RESULTS We found that noni juice (intraperitoneously 2.17mL/kg and orally 4.55mL/kg) reduced the inflammation in OVA-sensitized Brown Norway rat with regard to the decreased number of inflammatory cells in lung (macrophages minus 20-26%, lymphocytes minus 58-34%, eosinophils minus 53-30%, neutrophils minus 70-28% respectively). Noni juice demonstrated a dose-dependent NO scavenging effect up to 8.1nmol of nitrites for 50µL of noni juice. In addition noni juice inhibited (up to 90%) calcium and cholinergic induced spasms on the jejunum segments model with a rightward shift of the concentration response curve. CONCLUSION We describe for the first time that noni juice demonstrate (1) a chronic anti-inflammatory activity on sensitized lungs along with (2) a spasmolytic effect integrating a calcium channel blocker activity component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dussossoy
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie et physiopathologie expérimentales, UMR Qualisud, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Montpellier I, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Florence Bichon
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie et physiopathologie expérimentales, UMR Qualisud, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Montpellier I, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Emilie Bony
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie et physiopathologie expérimentales, UMR Qualisud, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Montpellier I, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Karine Portet
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie et physiopathologie expérimentales, UMR Qualisud, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Montpellier I, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Pierre Brat
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Département PERSYST, UMR Qualisud, TA B-95/16, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Fabrice Vaillant
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Département PERSYST, UMR Qualisud, TA B-95/16, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Alain Michel
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie et physiopathologie expérimentales, UMR Qualisud, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Montpellier I, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Patrick Poucheret
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie et physiopathologie expérimentales, UMR Qualisud, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Montpellier I, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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Wu L, Li L, Wang M, Shan C, Cui X, Wang J, Ding N, Yu D, Tang Y. Target and non-target identification of chemical components in Lamiophlomis rotata by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a three-step protocol. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2145-2154. [PMID: 27470976 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE As a herbal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo mainly displays its pharmacological effect by promoting blood circulation and hemostasis, dispelling wind, and acting as an analgesic. To identify the components contained in L. rotata, global detection and structural elucidation of both target and non-target components in the medicinal material was performed. METHODS L. rotata was ultrasonically extracted with methanol. Separation and analysis were achieved using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF-MS). A three-step protocol which included (1) potential components screening, (2) collection of qualitative information, and (3) database searching and structural elucidation was used for target and non-target identification. RESULTS A total of 42 components were tentatively identified, which included 12 iridoids (2 aglycones and 10 glucosides), 11 flavonoids (4 aglycones and 7 glucosides), and 13 phenylethanoid glycosides. Moreover, components of L. rotata extract belonging to the three main structural categories could be well separated in a 3D point plot according to their retention times, mass defects and degrees of unsaturation, facilitating the structural classification and identification in the subsequent studies. CONCLUSIONS The results provide a reasonable picture of the components contained in L. rotata extract and promote the further pharmacodynamic and/or pharmacokinetic characterization of this medical material, meanwhile demonstrating the utility of a universal methodology for the systematical study of herbal medicines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenxiao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Elmasri WA, Yang T, Hegazya MEF, Mechref Y, Paré PW. Iridoid glycoside permethylation enhances chromatographic separation and chemical ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2033-2042. [PMID: 27469085 PMCID: PMC5017310 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE While natural products isolated from medicinal plants can serve as a rich source of biologically active metabolites, mixtures of structurally related compounds of a polar nature are often difficult to chemically resolve by traditional separation techniques. Chemical derivatization to reduce metabolite polarity combined with liquid chromatography (LC) is the strategy presented here to resolve a mixture of structurally related natural product glycosides solvent extracted from the medicinal herb Teucrium polium for mass spectrometric characterization. METHODS The partially purified plant extract was subjected to chemical derivatization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) fragmentation pattern analysis allowed for structural characterization of iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides. Selected ions were subjected to tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis with a relatively higher-energy collision dissociation to assist in structural elucidation. RESULTS Permethylation replaced all protons from free hydroxyl and amino groups with methyls and resulted in increases in both hydrophobicity, for facilitated chromatographic separation, and proton affinity, for enhanced chemical ionization. Protonated and/or sodiated adducts were observed for the six compounds detected in positive-ion mode ESI-MS with a mass accuracy of less than 2 ppm. CONCLUSIONS Permethylation combined with LC/MS analysis is shown here to be an effective chemical practice for separating and characterizing iridoid glucosinolates and is expected to be well suited for the chemical characterization of other polar natural-product mixtures of closely related compounds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. Elmasri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Tianjiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Paul W. Paré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Heiling S, Khanal S, Barsch A, Zurek G, Baldwin IT, Gaquerel E. Using the knowns to discover the unknowns: MS-based dereplication uncovers structural diversity in 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycoside production in the Solanaceae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:561-77. [PMID: 26749139 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the diversity of plant secondary metabolism requires efficient methods to obtain sufficient structural insights to discriminate previously known from unknown metabolites. De novo structure elucidation and confirmation of known metabolites (dereplication) remain a major bottleneck for mass spectrometry-based metabolomic workflows, and few systematic dereplication strategies have been developed for the analysis of entire compound classes across plant families, partly due to the complexity of plant metabolic profiles that complicates cross-species comparisons. 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (HGL-DTGs) are abundant defensive secondary metabolites whose malonyl and glycosyl decorations are induced by jasmonate signaling in the ecological model plant Nicotiana attenuata. The multiple labile glycosidic bonds of HGL-DTGs result in extensive in-source fragmentation (IS-CID) during ionization. To reconstruct these IS-CID clusters from profiling data and identify precursor ions, we applied a deconvolution algorithm and created an MS/MS library from positive-ion spectra of purified HGL-DTGs. From this library, 251 non-redundant fragments were annotated, and a workflow to characterize leaf, flower and fruit extracts of 35 solanaceous species was established. These analyses predicted 105 novel HGL-DTGs that were restricted to Nicotiana, Capsicum and Lycium species. Interestingly, malonylation is a highly conserved step in HGL-DTG metabolism, but is differentially affected by jasmonate signaling among Nicotiana species. This MS-based workflow is readily applicable for cross-species re-identification/annotation of other compound classes with sufficient fragmentation knowledge, and therefore has the potential to support hypotheses regarding secondary metabolism diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Heiling
- Molecular Ecology Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Molecular Ecology Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Aiko Barsch
- Bruker Daltonics, Fahrenheitstraße 4, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Zurek
- Bruker Daltonics, Fahrenheitstraße 4, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Molecular Ecology Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Gaquerel
- Plant Defense Metabolism Research Group, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Elmasri WA, Yang T, Tran P, Hegazy MEF, Hamood AN, Mechref Y, Paré PW. Teucrium polium phenylethanol and iridoid glycoside characterization and flavonoid inhibition of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2-9. [PMID: 25524452 DOI: 10.1021/np5004092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and biofilm regulation of 15 metabolites from Teucrium polium are reported. Compounds were isolated from a CH2Cl2-MeOH extract of the aerial parts of the plant and included iridoid and phenylethanol glycosides and a monoterpenoid, together with nine known compounds. The structures were elucidated based on standard spectroscopic (UV, (1)H and (13)C NMR), 2D NMR ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY), and/or LC-ESIMS/MS data analyses. Inhibition of the biofilm-forming strain Staphylococcus aureus was observed with exposure to compounds 7 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A Elmasri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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13
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Li C, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Zhang X, Xue X, Liang X. Effective 2D-RPLC/RPLC enrichment and separation of micro-components from Hedyotis diffusa Willd. and characterization by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 99:35-44. [PMID: 25061712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An effective method aiming at enrichment and analysis of micro-components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was developed. One fraction (fraction E) from the extract of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. was selected as test sample, which was isolated by using the XAD-4 macroporous resin. To study the micro-components, a two-dimensional reverse-phase liquid chromatography (2D-RPLC/RPLC) method was developed, comprising Click OEG and C18 stationary phases as the first and second dimensions, respectively. Of the eight sub-fractions isolated from the first dimension, three sub-fractions (fractions II-IV) containing micro-components were further separated with the second dimension. The 2D-RPLC/RPLC system was proved to possess high orthogonality. Furthermore, the micro-components were characterized by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD/Q-TOF MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) source. With the optimized separation and characterization method, a large number (>400) of micro-components were enriched and detected from the extracts of H. diffusa Willd., the majority of which has not been isolated from the herb before. Among these isolated micro-components, 38 compounds involving 24 phenylpropanoids, 7 flavonoids and 7 iridoid glucosides (IGs), were identified or tentatively identified from the H. diffusa extracts on the basis of spectral data of the authentic standards and the fragmentation characteristics information available in literatures. The proposed method made it possible to effectively screen and analyze the micro-components in TCMs or other complex natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunman Li
- Hebei Research Centre of Analysis and Testing, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Pharmacy College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xingya Xue
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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You-Hua CHEN, Jin QI, Jing HUA, Bo-Yang YU. Structural characterization and identification of major constituents in Radix Scrophulariae by HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lu CC, Wang JH, Fang DM, Wu ZJ, Zhang GL. Analyses of the iridoid glucoside dimers in Paederia scandens using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:407-412. [PMID: 23427073 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many dimers consisting of structurally similar monomers are difficult to be identified even using NMR. Rapid structural identification of iridoid glycoside dimers, especially isomeric dimers in a complicated matrix, remains desirable. OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid, sensitive analytical method for structural elucidation of trace iridoid glycoside isomers in a complicated extract. METHODS Three isomeric iridoid glucoside dimers, paederoscandoside, saprosmoside E and saprosmoside D, were isolated and further analysed by electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) in positive-ion mode. Energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS) was used to provide information on the relative intensity of ions versus collision energy. The crude extract of Paederia scandens was analysed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS The relative abundance of product ions in the MS/MS spectra from ammonium adduct ions varied greatly for the three isomers. The energy-resolved experiments enhanced differences among the three isomers. A total of 13 iridoid glucoside dimers (three groups of isomers) in the extract of P. scandens were identified or tentatively characterised by using HPLC-ESI-QTOF based on the tandem mass spectra of references. CONCLUSION Linkage sites between different hydroxyl groups on the sugar and carboxyl groups for the three groups of isomers are confirmed. The reason for fragmentation differences might be that cleavage of the glycosidic bond accompanies the active H in vicinal hydroxyl rearrangement. The MS method is a useful tool for the analysis of isomers, especially trace isomers in a complicated extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ceng Lu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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Analysis of iridoid glucosides from Paederia scandens using HPLC–ESI-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 923-924:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lu CC, Wang JH, Fang DM, Wu ZJ. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of isomeric iridoid glucoside dimers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:503-506. [PMID: 23280984 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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18
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Cao X, Qiao J, Wang L, Ye X, Zheng L, Jiang N, Mo W. Screening of glycoside isomers in P. scrophulariiflora using ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:740-748. [PMID: 22368053 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A powerful ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-QTOFMS(n) ) was employed in the rapid simultaneous screening of iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and cucurbitacin glycosides from P. scrophulariiflora. The ILUAE procedure was optimized over several ultrasonic parameters, including the ultrasonic power, concentration of the ionic liquid, and solid-liquid ratio. A comparison with conventional heat-reflux extraction and regular UAE demonstrated that the optimized approach yielded a high extraction efficiency (Picroside I, 2.84%; Picroside II, 3.57%; 6-O-E-feruloyl catalpol, 2.20%) within a short extraction time of 30 min. Negative ion mode ESI-QTOFMS(2) analysis of the fragmentation reactions of the [M-H](-) ions was conducted to characterize the diagnostic ions related to the glycosyl moieties, aglycone units, and the type and substituted position of the ester groups. Interestingly, the positional isomers of the iridoid glycosides could be easily discriminated based on the characteristic ions. A total of 15 glycosides, including three groups of iridoid glycoside isomers and two groups of phenylethanoid glycoside isomers, were conveniently identified within 13.5 min. Moreover, 6'-O-vanilloyl catalpol was identified in P. scrophulariiflora for the first time. The method developed here was further validated by measuring the recovery, correlation coefficient (R(2) ), and reproducibility (RSD, n = 5) of three iridoid glycosides: 89.60%-109.02%, 0.9991-0.9998, and 0.93%-1.44%, respectively. This study demonstrated the capabilities of ILUAE combined with UPLC/ESI-QTOFMS(n) for the rapid screening of glycosides in P. scrophulariiflora. This method offers an approach to similar studies on other natural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Cao
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China.
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Pastor V, Vicent C, Cerezo M, Mauch-Mani B, Dean J, Flors V. Detection, characterization and quantification of salicylic acid conjugates in plant extracts by ESI tandem mass spectrometric techniques. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 53:19-26. [PMID: 22285411 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
An approach for the detection and characterization of SA derivatives in plant samples is presented based on liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometric techniques. Precursor ion scan methods using an ESI triple quadrupole spectrometer for samples from plants challenged with the virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 allowed us to detect two potential SA derivatives. The criterion used to consider a potential SA derivative is based on the detection of analytes in the precursor ion scan chromatogram upon selecting m/z 137 and m/z 93 that correspond to the salicylate and its main product ion, respectively. Product ion spectra of the newly-detected analytes as well as accurate m/z determinations using an ESI Q-time-of-flight instrument were registered as means of characterization and strongly suggest that glucosylated forms of SA at the carboxylic and at the phenol functional groups are present in plant samples. The specific synthesis and subsequent chromatography of salicylic glucosyl ester (SGE) and glucosyl salicylate (SAG) standards confirmed the chemical identity of both peaks that were obtained applying different tandem mass spectrometric techniques and accurate m/z determinations. A multiple reaction monitoring method has been developed and applied to plant samples. The advantages of this LC-ESI-MS/MS methods with respect to the traditional analysis of glucosyl conjugates are also discussed. Preliminary results revealed that SA and the glucosyl conjugates are accumulated in Arabidopsis thaliana in a time dependent manner, accordingly to the up-regulation of SA-dependent defenses following P. syringae infection. This technique applied to plant hormones or fragment ions may be useful to obtain chemical family members of plant metabolites and help identify their contribution in the signaling of plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department CAMN, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat, Castellón 12071, Spain
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Dussossoy E, Brat P, Bony E, Boudard F, Poucheret P, Mertz C, Giaimis J, Michel A. Characterization, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Costa Rican noni juice (Morinda citrifolia L.). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:108-115. [PMID: 20858541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) juice has been used for more than 2000 years in Polynesia as a traditional folk medicine. The aim of the present study was to finely characterize noni juice from Costa Rica and to evaluate its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A microfiltrated noni juice was prepared with Costarican nonis. HPLC-DAD and Electro Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MS) were used to identify phenolic compounds and iridoids. The anti-oxidative activity of noni juice was measured in vitro by both Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging methods. The anti-inflammatory effects of noni juice were investigated in vitro by: measuring its effect on nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production by activated macrophages, evaluating its inhibitory activities on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 and in vivo on a carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in rats. RESULTS Several polyphenols belonging to the coumarin, flavonoid and phenolic acid groups, and two iridoids were identified. Noni juice demonstrated a mean range free radical scavenging capacity. Furthermore, it also reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema, directly inhibited cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 activities and inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins E(2) (PGE(2)) in activated J774 cells, in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that noni's biological effects include: (1) anti-oxidant properties probably associated with phenolic compounds, iridoids and ascorbic acid and (2) anti-inflammatory action through NO and PGE(2) pathways that might also be strengthened by anti-oxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dussossoy
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Physiopathologie Expérimentales, UMR Qualisud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
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Mass Spectrometry as a Powerful Analytical Technique for the Structural Characterization of Synthesized and Natural Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9815-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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22
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Wu Q, Yuan Q, Liu EH, Qi LW, Bi ZM, Li P. Fragmentation study of iridoid glycosides and phenylpropanoid glycosides in Radix Scrophulariae by rapid resolution liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:808-19. [PMID: 20017212 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF MS) method was applied to the mass spectral study of a series of naturally occurring iridoid glycosides and phenylpropanoid glycosides in Radix Scrophulariae, which provides higher speed and increased sensitivity without loss of resolution. With dynamic adjustment as the key role of the fragmentor voltage and confirmed with authentic standards, valuable structural information regarding the nature of both the glycoside skeletons was thus obtained. Most compositions were found to possess organic acid moiety such as cinnamoyl, caffeoyl and ferulyol. Besides extensive fragmentation of the carbohydrate moiety, losses of the hydroxyl and glucose residue units showed in the spectra, permitting the exploration of the skeleton and the identity of substituents in the molecule. Ten major iridoid glycosides and 10 phenylpropanoid glycosides were identified or tentatively characterized based on their retention times, UV and TOF MS data. The major fragmentation pathways of PGs in Radix Scrophulariae obtained through the MS data was schemed systematically for the first time, which provides a reference for other PGs derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zhou T, Liu H, Wen J, Fan G, Chai Y, Wu Y. Fragmentation study of iridoid glycosides including epimers by liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and its application in metabolic fingerprint analysis of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2520-2528. [PMID: 20740525 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS) method was applied to the characterization of ten iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a traditional Chinese medicine. During the process of structural elucidation, two groups of isomers including two epimers were structurally characterized and differentiated according to their distinctive fragmentation patterns which were closely related to their isomeric differentiations. Subsequently, the major compounds were purified by multi-dimensional chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC and the structure identification was confirmed with NMR techniques. The major fragmentation pathways of iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis obtained through the MS data were schemed systematically, which provided the best sensitivity and specificity for characterization of the iridoid glycosides especially the isomers so far. Based on the fragmentation patterns of iridoid glycosides concluded, seven major iridoid glycosides were characterized in rat plasma after intravenous administration of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Hong JL, Qin XY, Shu P, Wu G, Wang Q, Qin MJ. Analysis of catalpol derivatives by characteristic neutral losses using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization multistage and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2680-2686. [PMID: 20740546 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Alonso-Salces RM, Guillou C, Berrueta LA. Liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorbance detection, electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation and tandem mass spectrometry on a triple quadrupole for the on-line characterization of polyphenols and methylxanthines in green coffee beans. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:363-383. [PMID: 19127547 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector, electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD/ESI-CID-MS/MS) on a triple quadrupole (QqQ) has been used to detect and characterize polyphenols and methylxanthines in green coffee beans: three phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid and dimethoxycinnamic acid), three isomeric caffeoylquinic acids (M(r) 354), three feruloylquinic acids (M(r) 368), one p-coumaroylquinic acid (M(r) 338), three dicaffeoylquinic acids (M(r) 516), three feruloyl-caffeoylquinic acids (M(r) 530), four p-coumaroyl-caffeoylquinic acids (M(r) 500), three diferuloylquinic acids (M(r) 544), six dimethoxycinnamoyl-caffeoylquinic acids (M(r) 544), three dimethoxycinnamoyl-feruloylquinic acids (M(r) 558), six cinnamoyl-amino acid conjugates, three cinnamoyl glycosides, and three methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine and theophylline). Dimethoxycinnamic acid, three isomers of dimethoxycinnamoyl-caffeoylquinic acids and another three of dimethoxycinnamoyl-feruloylquinic acids, as well as the three cinnamoyl glycosides, had not previously been reported in coffee beans. Structures have been assigned on the basis of the complementary information obtained from UV-visible spectra, relative hydrophobicity, scan mode MS spectra, and fragmentation patterns in MS(2) spectra (both in the positive and negative ion modes) obtained using a QqQ at different collision energies. A structure diagnosis scheme is provided for the identification of different isomers of polyphenols and methylxanthines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Alonso-Salces
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Physical and Chemical Exposure Unit, Via Fermi 2, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
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Li C, Xue X, Zhou D, Zhang F, Xu Q, Ren L, Liang X. Analysis of iridoid glucosides in Hedyotis diffusa by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:205-11. [PMID: 18579330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for analysis of iridoid glucosides (IGs) from Hedyotis diffusa Willd. The optimized separation condition was achieved with the Complex Sample Analysis Software System (CSASS) software, under which the whole analytes were achieved complete resolution especially for some isomeric IGs. Based on the UV and fragmentations, eleven IGs were detected. According to the fragmentation patterns of the three standard IGs, especially those of the isomeric standards, seven IGs including three pairs of isomers were unambiguous/tentatively identified. For the isomeric IGs with methyl ester or carboxyl group at C-4, the extents of the losses of CH3OH and/or H2O from their molecular and/or the aglycone adducts are useful for the differentiation of the stereoisomers in positive ion (PI) mode, which depends on the stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group on the cyclopentanoid unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunman Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
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Rida M, El Meslouhi H, Es-Safi NE, Essassi EM, Banoub J. Gas-phase fragmentation study of novel synthetic 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:2253-2268. [PMID: 18561279 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation patterns of a series of three novel synthesized 3-hydroxy-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones (1-3), possessing the same backbone structure, were investigated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques. A simple methodology, based on the use of ESI (positive ion mode) and by increasing the declustering potential in the atmospheric pressure/vacuum interface, collision-induced dissociation (CID), was used to enhance the formation of the fragment ions. In general, the novel synthetic 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives afforded, in the gas phase, both protonated and sodiated molecules. This led to the confirmation of the molecular masses and chemical structures of the studied compounds. Exact accurate masses were measured using a high-resolution ESI-quadrupole orthogonal time-of-flight (QqToF)-MS/MS hybrid mass spectrometer instrument. The breakdown routes of the protonated molecules were rationalized by conducting low-energy collision CID-MS/MS analyses (product ion- and precursor ion scans) using a conventional quadrupole-hexapole-quadrupole (QhQ) tandem mass spectrometer. All the observed major fragmentations for the 1,5-benzodiazepines occurred in the saturated seven-membered ring containing the nitrogen atoms. These formed a multitude of product ions by different breakdown routes. All the major fragmentations involved cleavages of the N-1-C-2 and C-3-C-4 bonds. These occurred with concomitant eliminations of glyoxal, benzene and ethyl formate, forming the product ion at m/z 119, which was observed in all the studied compounds. In addition, an unique simultaneous CID-MS/MS fragmentation was noticed for the 1,5-benzodiazepines 1 and 3, which occurred by a pathway dictated by the substituent located on the N-1-position. It was evident that the aromatic ring portion of the 1,5-benzodiazepines was resistant to CID-MS/MS fragmentation. Re-confirmation of the various geneses of the product ions was achieved by conducting a series of precursor ion scans. ESI-MS and CID-MS/MS analyses have thus proven to be a specific and very sensitive method for the structural identification of these novel 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rida
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Hétérocyclique, Pôle de Compétences Pharmacochimie, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Faculté des Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
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Li CM, Zhang XL, Xue XY, Zhang FF, Xu Q, Liang XM. Structural characterization of iridoid glucosides by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1941-1954. [PMID: 18491284 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mass spectral fragmentation behavior of ten iridoid glucosides (IGs) has been studied using electrospray ionization (ESI), collision-induced dissociation (CID), and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS/MS). In the negative ESI mass spectra, the deprotonated [M-H](-) ion was observed for all of the ten IGs except gardoside methyl ester, while the formate adduct [M+HCOO](-) ion appeared to be favored by the presence of a methyl ester or a lactone group in the C-4 position when formic acid was added to the mobile phase. The CID MS/MS spectra of the [M-H](-) ions have been used for structural elucidation. Ring cleavages of the aglycone moiety have been observed in the MS/MS spectra, corresponding to (1,4)F(-), (2,6)F(-), (2,7)F(-), and (2,7)F(0) (-) ions, based on accurate mass measurements and the elemental compositions of the product ions. These characteristic ions gave valuable information on the basic structural skeletons. Furthermore, on the basis of the relative abundances of the fragment ions (1,4)F(-) and (2,7)F(-), different sub-classes, such as cyclopentane-type and 7,8-cyclopentene-type IGs, can be differentiated. Ring cleavage of the sugar moieties was also observed, yielding useful information for their characterization. In addition, the neutral losses, such as H(2)O, CO(2), CH(3)OH, CH(3)COOH, and glucosidic units, have proved useful for confirming the presence of functional substituents in the structures of the IGs. Based on the fragmentation patterns of these standard IGs, twelve IGs have been characterized in an extract of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. by means of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/Q-TOF MS/MS, of which six have been unambiguously identified and the other six have been tentatively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Man Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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Ren L, Xue X, Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li C, Liang X. Studies of iridoid glycosides using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:3039-50. [PMID: 17705257 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fragmentation pathways of five iridoid glycosides have been studied by using electrospray ionization multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)). The first-stage MS data of the five iridoid glycosides were compared. The MS spectra showed that the adduct ions of iridoid glycosides and the formate anion were diagnostic ions to distinguish iridoid glycosides with a carboxyl group at the C-4 position or an ester group at the C-4 position. The MS fragmentation pathways of the five iridoid glycosides were also studied. Analyzing the product ion spectra of iridoid glycosides, some neutral losses were observed, such as H(2)O, CO(2) and glucose residues, which were very useful for the identification of the functional groups in the structures of iridoid glycosides. Furthermore, specific loss of one molecule of methyl 3-oxopropanoate or 3-oxopropanic acid was firstly discussed, which corresponded to the isomerization of the hemiacetal group in the structure of iridoid aglycone. According to the fragmentation mechanisms and HPLC/MS(n) data, the structures of five iridoid glycosides in a crude extract of Gardenia jasminoisdes fruit have been identified. Three compounds were compared with standards and the other two were identified as shanzhiside and genipin gentibioside by their MS(n) data without standard compounds. In order to further validate the veracity of the deduction, genipin gentiobioside was isolated from the extract of Gardenia jasminoisdes fruit using Purification Factory and was further identified by C- and H-NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ren
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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