1
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Tóth A, Sajdik K, Gyurcsik B, Nafaee ZH, Wéber E, Kele Z, Christensen NJ, Schell J, Correia JG, Sigfridsson Clauss KGV, Pittkowski RK, Thulstrup PW, Hemmingsen L, Jancsó A. As III Selectively Induces a Disorder-to-Order Transition in the Metalloid Binding Region of the AfArsR Protein. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17009-17022. [PMID: 38820242 PMCID: PMC11212059 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is highly toxic and a significant threat to human health, but certain bacteria have developed defense mechanisms initiated by AsIII binding to AsIII-sensing proteins of the ArsR family. The transcriptional regulator AfArsR responds to AsIII and SbIII by coordinating the metalloids with three cysteines, located in a short sequence of the same monomer chain. Here, we characterize the binding of AsIII and HgII to a model peptide encompassing this fragment of the protein via solution equilibrium and spectroscopic/spectrometric techniques (pH potentiometry, UV, CD, NMR, PAC, EXAFS, and ESI-MS) combined with DFT calculations and MD simulations. Coordination of AsIII changes the peptide structure from a random-coil to a well-defined structure of the complex. A trigonal pyramidal AsS3 binding site is formed with almost exactly the same structure as observed in the crystal structure of the native protein, implying that the peptide possesses all of the features required to mimic the AsIII recognition and response selectivity of AfArsR. Contrary to this, binding of HgII to the peptide does not lead to a well-defined structure of the peptide, and the atoms near the metal binding site are displaced and reoriented in the HgII model. Our model study suggests that structural organization of the metal site by the inducer ion is a key element in the mechanism of the metalloid-selective recognition of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Tóth
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Szeged, Dóm
tér 7-8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kadosa Sajdik
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Szeged, Dóm
tér 7-8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Gyurcsik
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Szeged, Dóm
tér 7-8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zeyad H. Nafaee
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Szeged, Dóm
tér 7-8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Wéber
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE
Biomimetic Systems Research Group, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kele
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Niels Johan Christensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Juliana Schell
- Institute
for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen
(CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
- European
Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joao Guilherme Correia
- Centro de
Cięncias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia
e Cięncias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- European
Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Rebecca K. Pittkowski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Kobenhavn Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Waaben Thulstrup
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Kobenhavn Ø, Denmark
| | - Lars Hemmingsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Kobenhavn Ø, Denmark
| | - Attila Jancsó
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Szeged, Dóm
tér 7-8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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2
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Gao C, Lin L, Li J, Wu M, Lv J, Tian S, Hai X. Monomethylarsonous acid binds to Cys-104α and Cys-112β of hemoglobin in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients treated with arsenic trioxide. Toxicol Lett 2023; 380:31-39. [PMID: 37024065 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has prominent effect in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Identification of arsenic-binding proteins has gained attention for their important biological functions. However, none has been published concerning the binding mechanism of arsenic with hemoglobin (Hb) in APL patients after treatment of As2O3. The present study discloses the binding sites of arsenic on Hb in APL patients. Concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethyl arsenic (MMA), and dimethyl arsenic (DMA) in erythrocytes of APL patients were quantified using HPLC-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-ICP-MS). Hb-bound arsenic was identified by size-exclusion chromatography ICP-MS. The binding sites of arsenic on Hb were determined by mass spectrometry (MS). The concentration trend of arsenic species in erythrocytes of 9 APL patients treated with As2O3 was iAs>MMA>DMA, and MMA was the predominant methylated arsenic metabolite. Size-exclusion chromatography separation of free and protein-bound arsenic by simultaneous monitoring of 57Fe and 75As demonstrated the presence of Hb-bound arsenic. MS information suggested monomethylarsonous (MMAIII) was the dominant arsenic bound to Hb, and further identified that Cys-104α and Cys-112β were two binding sites of MMAIII in Hb. MMAIII binding to Cys-104α and Cys-112β was responsible for arsenic accumulation in erythrocytes of APL patients. This interaction may contribute to understand the therapeutic effect of As2O3 as an anticancer drug and its toxicity on APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Liwang Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Mengliang Wu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xin Hai
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
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3
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Virk RK, Garla R, Kaushal N, Bansal MP, Garg ML, Mohanty BP. The relevance of arsenic speciation analysis in health & medicine. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137735. [PMID: 36603678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long term exposure to arsenic through consumption of contaminated groundwater has been a global issue since the last five decades; while from an alternate standpoint, arsenic compounds have emerged as unparallel chemotherapeutic drugs. This review highlights the contribution from arsenic speciation studies that have played a pivotal role in the progression of our understanding of the biological behaviour of arsenic in humans. We also discuss the limitations of the speciation studies and their association with the interpretation of arsenic metabolism. Chromatographic separation followed by spectroscopic detection as well as the utilization of biotinylated pull-down assays, protein microarray and radiolabelled arsenic have been instrumental in identifying hundreds of metabolic arsenic conjugates, while, computational modelling has predicted thousands of them. However, these species exhibit a variegated pattern, which supports more than one hypothesis for the metabolic pathway of arsenic. Thus, the arsenic species are yet to be integrated into a coherent mechanistic pathway depicting its chemicobiological fate. Novel biorelevant arsenic species have been identified due to significant evolution in experimental methodologies. However, these methods are specific for the identification of only a group of arsenicals sharing similar physiochemical properties; and may not be applicable to other constituents of the vast spectrum of arsenic species. Consequently, the identity of arsenic binding partners in vivo and the sequence of events in arsenic metabolism are still elusive. This resonates the need for additional focus on the extraction and characterization of both low and high molecular weight arsenicals in a combinative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbinder K Virk
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Roobee Garla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Naveen Kaushal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Mohinder P Bansal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Mohan L Garg
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Biraja P Mohanty
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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4
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Abstract
Arsenic is a naturally occurring hazardous element that is environmentally ubiquitous in various chemical forms. Upon exposure, the human body initiates an elimination pathway of progressive methylation into relatively less bioreactive and more easily excretable pentavalent methylated forms. Given its association with decreasing the internal burden of arsenic with ensuing attenuation of its related toxicities, biomethylation has been applauded for decades as a pure route of arsenic detoxification. However, the emergence of detectable trivalent species with profound toxicity has opened a long-standing debate regarding whether arsenic methylation is a detoxifying or bioactivating mechanism. In this review, we approach the topic of arsenic metabolism from both perspectives to create a complete picture of its potential role in the mitigation or aggravation of various arsenic-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A El-Ghiaty
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
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5
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Dong X, Wang P, Wang Y. Chemoproteomic Approach for the Quantitative Identification of Arsenic-Binding Proteins. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:2145-2151. [PMID: 36269594 PMCID: PMC9869665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a widespread environmental contaminant, and long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water is known to be associated with the development of many human diseases. Identification of arsenic-binding proteins is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of arsenic species. Here, we developed a chemoproteomic strategy, relying on the use of a biotin-As(III) probe, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, to identify quantitatively As(III)-binding proteins. Over 400 proteins were enriched from the lysate of HEK293T cells with streptavidin beads immobilized with the biotin-As(III) probe. Competitive labeling experiments in the presence or absence of p-aminophenylarsenoxide (PAPAO) revealed 51 candidate As(III)-binding proteins, including several molecular chaperones and cochaperones, that is, HSPA4, HSPA4L, HSPH1, HOP1, FKBP51, and FKBP52. We also validated, by employing western blot analysis, the ability of HSPA4, a member of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family, in binding with PAPAO and sodium arsenite in vitro. Together, our work led to the identification of a number of new As(III)-interaction proteins, and our results suggest that As(III) may perturb proteostasis partly through binding directly with molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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6
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Jovanovic B, Eiermann N, Talwar D, Boulougouri M, Dick TP, Stoecklin G. Thioredoxin 1 is required for stress granule assembly upon arsenite-induced oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112508. [PMID: 34390821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a major water pollutant and health hazard, leading to acute intoxication and, upon chronic exposure, several diseases including cancer development. Arsenic exerts its pronounced cellular toxicity through its trivalent oxide arsenite (ASN), which directly inhibits numerous proteins including Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and causes severe oxidative stress. Cells respond to arsenic by inhibition of protein synthesis and subsequent assembly of stress granules (SGs), cytoplasmic condensates of stalled mRNAs, translation factors and RNA-binding proteins. The biological role of SGs is diverse and not completely understood; they are important for regulation of cell signaling and survival under stress conditions, and for adapting de novo protein synthesis to the protein folding capacity during the recovery from stress. In this study, we identified Trx1 as a novel component of SGs. Trx1 is required for the assembly of ASN-induced SGs, but not for SGs induced by energy deprivation or heat shock. Importantly, our results show that Trx1 is essential for cell survival upon acute exposure to ASN, through a mechanism that is independent of translation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Jovanovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nina Eiermann
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Deepti Talwar
- Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Boulougouri
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Steel TR, Hartinger CG. Metalloproteomics for molecular target identification of protein-binding anticancer metallodrugs. Metallomics 2020; 12:1627-1636. [PMID: 33063808 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics has played an important role in elucidating the fundamental processes occuring in living cells. Translating these methods to metallodrug research ('metalloproteomics') has provided a means for molecular target identification of metal-based anticancer agents which should signifcantly advance the research field. In combination with biological assays, these techniques have enabled the mechanisms of action of metallodrugs to be linked to their interactions with molecular targets and aid understanding of their biological properties. Such investigations have profoundly increased our knowledge of the complex and dynamic nature of metallodrug-biomolecule interactions and have provided, at least for some compound types, a more detailed picture on their specific protein-binding patterns. This perspective highlights the progression of metallodrug proteomics research for the identification of non-DNA targets from standard analytical techniques to powerful metallodrug pull-down methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha R Steel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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8
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Hirano S. Biotransformation of arsenic and toxicological implication of arsenic metabolites. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2587-2601. [PMID: 32435915 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known environmental carcinogen and chronic exposure to arsenic through drinking water has been reported to cause skin, bladder and lung cancers, with arsenic metabolites being implicated in the pathogenesis. In contrast, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, in which the binding of arsenite (iAsIII) to promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is the proposed initial step. These findings on the two-edged sword characteristics of arsenic suggest that after entry into cells, arsenic reaches the nucleus and triggers various nuclear events. Arsenic is reduced, conjugated with glutathione, and methylated in the cytosol. These biotransformations, including the production of reactive metabolic intermediates, appear to determine the intracellular dynamics, target organs, and biological functions of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishiro Hirano
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
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9
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Speciation analysis of arsenic in seafood and seaweed: Part II-single laboratory validation of method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5689-5702. [PMID: 29476233 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Single laboratory validation of a method for arsenic speciation analysis in seafood and seaweed is presented. The method is based on stepwise extraction of water-soluble and non-polar arsenic with hot water and a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol, respectively. While the water-soluble arsenicals were speciated by anion and cation exchange liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS), the non-polar arsenicals were collectively determined by ICP-MS after digestion in acid. The performance characteristics and broad application of the method were evaluated by analyzing eight commercial samples (cod, haddock, mackerel, crab, shrimp, geoduck clam, oyster, and kombu) and four reference materials (fish protein (DORM-4), lobster hepatopancreas (TORT-3), mussel tissue (SRM 2976), and hijiki seaweed (CRM 7405-a)) representing finfish, crustaceans, molluscs, and seaweed. Matrices spiked at three levels in duplicates were also analyzed. The stepwise extraction provided 76-106% extraction of the total arsenic from the test materials. The method demonstrated satisfactory repeatability for analysis of replicate extracts prepared over several days. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing reference materials certified for both total arsenic and a few arsenicals; the experimental results were 90-105% of the certified values. Comparison between the total water-soluble arsenic and the sum of the concentrations of the chromatographed species gave 80-92% mass balance. While spike recoveries of most arsenicals were in the acceptance range set by CODEX, a few species spiked into cod, haddock, and shrimp were poorly recovered due to transformation to other forms. After thorough investigations, strategies were devised to improve the recoveries of these species by averting their transformations. Limits of quantification (LOQ) for the extraction and quantification of 16 arsenicals using the current method were in the range 6-16 ng g-1 arsenic.
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10
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Global Fitness Profiling Identifies Arsenic and Cadmium Tolerance Mechanisms in Fission Yeast. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3317-3333. [PMID: 27558664 PMCID: PMC5068951 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.033829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and metalloids such as cadmium [Cd(II)] and arsenic [As(III)] are widespread environmental toxicants responsible for multiple adverse health effects in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis, as well as the detoxification and tolerance pathways, are incompletely understood. Here, we use global fitness profiling by barcode sequencing to quantitatively survey the Schizosaccharomyces pombe haploid deletome for genes that confer tolerance of cadmium or arsenic. We identified 106 genes required for cadmium resistance and 110 genes required for arsenic resistance, with a highly significant overlap of 36 genes. A subset of these 36 genes account for almost all proteins required for incorporating sulfur into the cysteine-rich glutathione and phytochelatin peptides that chelate cadmium and arsenic. A requirement for Mms19 is explained by its role in directing iron–sulfur cluster assembly into sulfite reductase as opposed to promoting DNA repair, as DNA damage response genes were not enriched among those required for cadmium or arsenic tolerance. Ubiquinone, siroheme, and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate biosynthesis were also identified as critical for Cd/As tolerance. Arsenic-specific pathways included prefoldin-mediated assembly of unfolded proteins and protein targeting to the peroxisome, whereas cadmium-specific pathways included plasma membrane and vacuolar transporters, as well as Spt–Ada–Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional coactivator that controls expression of key genes required for cadmium tolerance. Notable differences are apparent with corresponding screens in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, underscoring the utility of analyzing toxic metal defense mechanisms in both organisms.
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11
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Yan X, Li J, Liu Q, Peng H, Popowich A, Wang Z, Li XF, Le XC. p-Azidophenylarsenoxide: An Arsenical "Bait" for the In Situ Capture and Identification of Cellular Arsenic-Binding Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14051-14056. [PMID: 27723242 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Identification of arsenic-binding proteins is important for understanding arsenic health effects and for developing arsenic-based therapeutics. We report here a strategy for the capture and identification of arsenic-binding proteins in living cells. We designed an azide-labeled arsenical, p-azidophenylarsenoxide (PAzPAO), to serve bio-orthogonal functions: the trivalent arsenical group binds to cellular proteins in situ, and the azide group facilitates click chemistry with dibenzylcyclooctyne. The selective and efficient capture of arsenic-binding proteins enables subsequent enrichment and identification by shotgun proteomics. Applications of the technique are demonstrated using the A549 human lung carcinoma cells and two in vitro model systems. The technique enables the capture and identification of 48 arsenic-binding proteins in A549 cells incubated with PAzPAO. Among the identified proteins are a series of antioxidant proteins (e.g., thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin, peroxide reductase, glutathione reductase, and protein disulfide isomerase) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Identification of these functional proteins, along with studies of arsenic binding and enzymatic inhibition, points to these proteins as potential molecular targets that play important roles in arsenic-induced health effects and in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G3, Canada
| | - Jinhua Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G3, Canada
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G3, Canada
| | - Hanyong Peng
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G3, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Popowich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G2, Canada
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G3, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G3, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G2, Canada.
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12
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Yan X, Li J, Liu Q, Peng H, Popowich A, Wang Z, Li XF, Le XC. p
-Azidophenylarsenoxide: An Arsenical “Bait” for the In Situ Capture and Identification of Cellular Arsenic-Binding Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G2G3 Canada
| | - Jinhua Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G2G3 Canada
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G2G3 Canada
| | - Hanyong Peng
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G2G3 Canada
| | - Aleksandra Popowich
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G2G2 Canada
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G2G3 Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G2G3 Canada
| | - X. Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G2G3 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G2G2 Canada
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13
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Metallothionein does not sequester arsenic(III) ions in condition of acute arsenic toxicity. Toxicology 2016; 366-367:68-73. [PMID: 27523482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The major cause of toxicity of trivalent arsenicals is due to their interaction with the sulfhydryl groups in proteins. Because of its high content, Metallothionein (MT) provides one of the most favorable conditions for the binding of As(III) ions to it. MT has long been anticipated for providing resistance in case of arsenic (As) toxicity with similar mechanism as in case of cadmium toxicity. The present study investigates whether the sequestration of As ions by MT is one of the mechanisms in providing protection against acute arsenic toxicity. A rat model study on the metal stoichiometric analysis of MT1 isoform isolated from the liver of arsenic treated, untreated and zinc treated animals has been carried out using the combination of particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results revealed the absence of arsenic bound MT1 in the samples isolated from arsenic treated animals. Although, both Cu and Zn ions were present in MT1 samples isolated from all the treatment groups. Moreover, only partially metallated MT1 with varying number of Zn ions were observed in all the groups. These results suggest that the role of MT during acute arsenic toxicity is different from its already established role in case of cadmium toxicity.
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14
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Chen B, Liu Q, Popowich A, Shen S, Yan X, Zhang Q, Li XF, Weinfeld M, Cullen WR, Le XC. Therapeutic and analytical applications of arsenic binding to proteins. Metallomics 2015; 7:39-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of arsenic binding to proteins advances the development of bioanalytical techniques and therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Shengwen Shen
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qi Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - William R. Cullen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, Canada
| | - X. Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Chemistry
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15
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Zhao L, Wang Z, Xi Z, Xu D, Chen S, Liu Y. The Reaction of Arsenite with Proteins Relies on Solution Conditions. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3054-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402891t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Zhao
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 China
| | - Zhaoyong Xi
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 China
| | - Dechen Xu
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 China
| | - Siming Chen
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 China
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Shen
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine
and Pathology, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G3
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine
and Pathology, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G3
| | - William R. Cullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Oncology, Cross
Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 1Z2
| | - X. Chris Le
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine
and Pathology, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G3
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17
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Chen B, Lu X, Shen S, Arnold LL, Cohen SM, Le XC. Arsenic Speciation in the Blood of Arsenite-Treated F344 Rats. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:952-62. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400123q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Chen
- Division of Analytical and Environmental
Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty
of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xiufen Lu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental
Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty
of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Shengwen Shen
- Division of Analytical and Environmental
Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty
of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Lora L. Arnold
- Department of Pathology and
Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135, United States
| | - Samuel M. Cohen
- Department of Pathology and
Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135, United States
| | - X. Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental
Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty
of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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18
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Yang T, Liu JW, Gu C, Chen ML, Wang JH. Expression of arsenic regulatory protein in Escherichia coli for selective accumulation of methylated arsenic species. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2767-2772. [PMID: 23484908 DOI: 10.1021/am400578y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ArsR is a metalloregulatory protein with high selectivity and affinity toward arsenic. We hereby report the expression of ArsR in Escherichia coli by cell engineering, which significantly enhances the adsorption/accumulation capacity of methylated arsenic species. The ArsR-expressed E. coli cells (denoted as E. coli-ArsR) give rise to 5.6-fold and 3.4-fold improvements on the adsorption/accumulation capacity for monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), with respect to native E. coli cells. The uptake of MMA and DMA by the E. coli-ArsR is a fast process fitting Langmuir adsorption model. It is interesting to note that the accumulation of methylated arsenic is virtually not affected by the presence of competing heavy-metal species, at least 10 times of Cd(II) and Pb(II) are tolerated for the adsorption of 1 mg L(-1) methylated arsenic. In addition, an ionic strength of up to 2 g L(-1) Na+ poses no obvious effect on the sorption of 1 mg L(-1) MMA and DMA. Furthermore, the accumulation of MMA and DMA is less sensitive to the variation of pH value, with respect to the blank control cells. Consequently, 82.4% of MMA and 96.3% of DMA at a concentration of 50 μg L(-1) could be readily removed from aqueous medium by 12 g L(-1) of E. coli-ArsR . This illustrates a great potential for the E. coli-ArsR for selective remediation of methylated arsenic species in waters, even in the presence of a high concentration of salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Box 332, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
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19
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Yang HC, Fu HL, Lin YF, Rosen BP. Pathways of arsenic uptake and efflux. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2013; 69:325-58. [PMID: 23046656 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394390-3.00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is the most prevalent environmental toxic substance and ranks first on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund List. Arsenic is a carcinogen and a causative agent of numerous human diseases. Paradoxically arsenic is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Inorganic arsenic has two biological important oxidation states: As(V) (arsenate) and As(III) (arsenite). Arsenic uptake is adventitious because the arsenate and arsenite are chemically similar to required nutrients. Arsenate resembles phosphate and is a competitive inhibitor of many phosphate-utilizing enzymes. Arsenate is taken up by phosphate transport systems. In contrast, at physiological pH, the form of arsenite is As(OH)(3), which resembles organic molecules such as glycerol. Consequently, arsenite is taken into cells by aquaglyceroporin channels. Arsenic efflux systems are found in nearly every organism and evolved to rid cells of this toxic metalloid. These efflux systems include members of the multidrug resistance protein family and the bacterial exchangers Acr3 and ArsB. ArsB can also be a subunit of the ArsAB As(III)-translocating ATPase, an ATP-driven efflux pump. The ArsD metallochaperone binds cytosolic As(III) and transfers it to the ArsA subunit of the efflux pump. Knowledge of the pathways and transporters for arsenic uptake and efflux is essential for understanding its toxicity and carcinogenicity and for rational design of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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20
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Xu S, Zhang YF, Carew MW, Hao WH, Loo JFC, Naranmandura H, Le XC. Multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCC1) confers resistance to arsenic compounds in human myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:1013-23. [PMID: 23052202 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) is established as one of the most effective drugs for treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, as well as other types of malignant tumors. However, HL-60 cells are resistant to As(2)O(3), and little is known about the underlying resistance mechanism for As(2)O(3) and its biomethylation products, namely, monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) on the treatment of tumors. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying iAs(III) and its intermediate metabolite MMA(III)-induced anticancer effects in the HL-60 cells. Here, we show that the HL-60 cells exhibit resistance to inorganic iAs(III) (IC(50) = 10 μM), but are relatively sensitive to its intermediate MMA(III) (IC(50) = 3.5 μM). Moreover, we found that the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), but not MRP2, is expressed in HL-60 cells, which reduced the intracellular arsenic accumulation, and conferred resistance to inorganic iAs(III) and MMA(III). Pretreatment of HL-60 with MK571, an inhibitor of MRP1, significantly increased iAs(III) and MMA(III)-induced cytotoxicity and arsenic accumulations, suggesting that the expression of MRP1/4 may lead to HL-60 cells resistance to trivalent arsenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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21
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Parker MS, Sah R, Parker SL. Surface masking shapes the traffic of the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor. Peptides 2012; 37:40-8. [PMID: 22732667 PMCID: PMC3440242 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor shows a large masked surface population in adherent CHO cells or in forebrain cell aggregates, but not in dispersed cells or in particulates from these sources. This is related to adhesion via acidic motifs in the extracellular N-terminal domain. Masking of the Y2 receptor is lifted by non-permeabilizing mechanical dispersion of cells, which also increases internalization of Y2 agonists. Mechanical dispersion and detachment by EDTA expose the same number of surface sites. As we have already shown, phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a cysteine-bridging agent, and to a lesser extent also the cysteine alkylator N-ethylmaleimide, unmask the surface Y2 sites without cell detachment or permeabilization. We now demonstrate that unmasking by permeabilizing but non-detaching treatment with cholesterol-binding detergents digitonin and edelfosine compares with and overlaps that of PAO. The caveolar/raft cholesterol-targeting macrolide filipin III however produces only partial unmasking. Depletion of the surface sites by N-terminally clipped Y2 agonists indicates larger accessibility for a short highly helical peptide. These findings indicate presence of a dynamic masked pool including majority of the cell surface Y2 receptors in adherent CHO cells. This compartmentalization is obviously involved in the low internalization of Y2 receptors in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Parker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Renu Sah
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Steven L. Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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22
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Schmidt AC, Mickein K. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of the arsenic-binding behaviour of sulfur-containing peptides and proteins by the coupling of reversed phase liquid chromatography to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:949-961. [PMID: 22899503 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phenylarsenic-substituted cysteine-containing peptides and proteins were completely differentiated from their unbound original forms by the coupling of reversed phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The analysis of biomolecules possessing structure-stabilizing disulfide bridges after reduction provides new insights into requirements concerning the accessibility of cysteine residues for reducing agents as well as for arsenic compounds in a spatial protein structure. Complementary binding studies performed using direct ESI-MS without chromatographic coupling in different solvent systems demonstrated that more than one binding site were activated for aprotinin and lysozyme in denaturing solvents because of a stronger defolding. From the intensities of the different charge states occurring in the mass spectra as well as from the LC elution behaviour, it can be deduced that the folding state of the arsenic-bound protein species resembles the native, oxidized conformation. In contrast, although the milk protein α-lactalbumin has several disulfide bridges, only one phenylarsenic moiety was bound under strongly denaturing conditions. Because of the charge state distribution in the ESI mass spectra, a conformational change to a molten globule structure is assumed. For the second considered milk protein ß-lactoglobulin, a noncovalent interaction with phenylarsine oxide was detected. In general, smaller apparent binding constants for the condensation reactions of the biomolecules with phenylarsine oxide leading to covalent arsenic-sulfur bindings were determined from direct injection ESI-MS measurements than from LC-ESI-MS coupling. The following order of binding affinities for one phenylarsenic group can be assumed from both ESI-MS and LC-ESI-MS: nonapeptide vasopressin > nonapeptide vasotocin > lysozyme > aprotinin > α-lactalbumin > thioredoxin. Kinetic investigations by LC-ESI-MS yielded a partial reaction order of 2 for vasopressin, Lys and α-lactalbumin and corresponding half-lives of 0.93, 2.56 and 123.5 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Christine Schmidt
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, D-09599, Freiberg, Germany.
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23
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Mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of arsenic compounds on protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 263:273-80. [PMID: 22771847 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic binding to biomolecules is considered one of the major toxic mechanisms, which may also be related to the carcinogenic risks of arsenic in humans. At the same time, arsenic is also known to activate the phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways including the epidermal growth factor receptor, the mitogen-activated protein kinase and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 pathways. These signaling pathways originate at the level of receptor tyrosine kinases whose phosphorylation status is regulated by opposing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity. Reversible tyrosine phosphorylation, which is governed by the balanced action of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, regulates important signaling pathways that are involved in the control of cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. In the present study, we have focused on the interaction of cellular PTPs with toxic trivalent arsenite (iAs(III)) and its intermediate metabolites such as monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) in vitro, and then determined the arsenic binding site in PTP by the use of recombinant PTPs (e.g., PTP1B and CD45). Interestingly, the activities of PTP1B (cytoplasm-form) or CD45 (receptor-linked form) were observed to be strongly inhibited by both methylated metabolites (i.e., MMA(III) and DMA(III)) but not by iAs(III). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has clearly confirmed that the organic intermediate, DMA(III) directly bound to the active site cysteine residue of PTP1B (e.g., Cys215), resulting in inhibition of enzyme activity. These results suggest that arsenic exposure may disturb the cellular signaling pathways through PTP inactivation.
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Ogino T, Ozaki M, Matsukawa A. Oxidative stress enhances granulocytic differentiation in HL 60 cells, an acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1328-37. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.503757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Arsenic-induced protein phosphorylation changes in HeLa cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2099-107. [PMID: 20803194 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is well documented as a chemotherapeutic agent capable of inducing cell death while at the same time is considered a human carcinogen and an environmental contaminant. Although arsenic toxicity is well known and has formed an impressive literature over the time, little is known about how its effects are exerted at the proteome level. Protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification involved in the regulation of cell signaling and likely is altered by arsenic treatment. Despite the importance of phosphorylation for many regulatory processes in cells, the identification and characterization of phosphorylation, as effected by arsenic through mass spectrometric detection, are not fully studied. Here, we identify phosphorylated proteins, which are related to post-translational modifications after phenylarsine oxide (PAO) inoculation to HeLa cells. PAO was chosen because of its high cytotoxicity, measured earlier in these labs. In this study, size exclusion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) is used to establish several molecular weight fractions with phosphorylated proteins by monitoring (31)P signal vs. time via ICP-MS. SEC-ICP-MS fractions are collected and then separated by the nano-LC-CHIP/ITMS system for peptide determination. Spectrum Mill and MASCOT protein database search engines are used for protein identification. Several phosphorylation sites and proteins related to post-translational modifications are also identified.
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26
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Jiang H, Ding J, Chang P, Chen Z, Sun G. Determination of the Interaction of Arsenic and Human Serum Albumin by Online Microdialysis Coupled to LC with Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Schmidt AC, Fahlbusch B, Otto M. Size exclusion chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for analysis and quantitative characterization of arsenic interactions with peptides and proteins. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:898-910. [PMID: 19204972 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic-binding proteins are of toxicological importance since enzymatic activities can be blocked by arsenic interactions. In the present work, a novel methodology based on size exclusion chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SEC-ESI-MS) was developed with special emphasis to preserve the intact proteins and their arsenic bindings. The eluent composition of 25 mMTris/HCl, pH 7.5, with the addition of 100-mM NaCl optimized for SEC with UV detection provided the highest SEC separation efficiency, but was not compatible with the ESI-MS because of the non-volatility of the buffer substance and of the salt additive. In order to find the best compromise between chromatographic separation and ionization of the arsenic-binding proteins, buffer type and concentration, pH value, portion of organic solvent in the SEC eluent as well as the flow rate were varied. In the optimized procedure five different arsenic-binding peptides and proteins (glutathione, oxytocin, aprotinin, alpha-lactalbumin, thioredoxin) covering a molar mass range of 0.3-14 kDa could be analyzed using 75% 10-mM ammonium formate, pH 5.0/25% acetonitrile (v : v) as eluent and a turbo ion spray source operated at 300 degrees C and 5.5 kV. A complete differentiation of all peptides and proteins involved in the arsenic-binding studies as well as of their arsenic-bound forms has become feasible by means of the extracted ion chromatograms (XIC) of the mass spectrometric detection. The new method offered the possibility to estimate equilibrium constants for the reaction of phenylarsine oxide with different thiol-containing biomolecules by means of the XIC peak areas of reactants and products. Limits of detection in the range of 2-10 microM were obtained by SEC-ESI-MS for the individual proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Christine Schmidt
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Faculty of Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipziger Str. 29, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany.
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28
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Watson WH, Heilman JM, Hughes LL, Spielberger JC. Thioredoxin reductase-1 knock down does not result in thioredoxin-1 oxidation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 368:832-6. [PMID: 18267104 PMCID: PMC2387252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The active site of thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is oxidized in cells with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is reduced by thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1). The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which the redox state of Trx1 is sensitive to changes in these opposing reactions. Trx1 redox state and ROS generation were measured in cells exposed to the TrxR1 inhibitors aurothioglucose (ATG) and monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) and in cells depleted of TrxR1 activity by siRNA knock down. The results showed that all three treatments inhibited TrxR1 activity to similar extents (90% inhibition), but that only MMA(III) exposure resulted in oxidation of Trx1. Similarly, ROS levels were elevated in response to MMA(III), but not in response to ATG or TrxR1 siRNA. Therefore, TrxR1 inhibition alone was not sufficient to oxidize Trx1, suggesting that Trx1-independent pathways should be considered when evaluating pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms involving TrxR1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Watson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Toxicology, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E7545, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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29
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Fischer-Fodor E, Moldovan N, Virag P, Soritau O, Brie I, Lönnecke P, Hey-Hawkins E, Silaghi-Dumitrescu L. The CellScan technology for in vitro studies on novel platinum complexes with organoarsenic ligands. Dalton Trans 2008:6393-400. [DOI: 10.1039/b802364f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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