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Watanabe K, Takayama S, Yamada T, Hashimoto M, Tadano J, Nakagawa T, Watanabe T, Fukusaki E, Miyawaki I, Shimma S. Novel mimetic tissue standards for precise quantitative mass spectrometry imaging of drug and neurotransmitter concentrations in rat brain tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05477-5. [PMID: 39126505 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the concentration of a drug and its therapeutic efficacy or side effects is crucial in drug development, especially to understand therapeutic efficacy in central nervous system drug, quantifying drug-induced site-specific changes in the levels of endogenous metabolites, such as neurotransmitters. In recent times, evaluation of quantitative distribution of drugs and endogenous metabolites using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has attracted much attention in drug discovery research. However, MALDI-MSI quantification (quantitative mass spectrometry imaging, QMSI) is an emerging technique, and needs to be further developed for practicable and convenient use in drug discovery research. In this study, we developed a reliable QMSI method for quantification of clozapine (antipsychotic drug) and dopamine and its metabolites in the rat brain using MALDI-MSI. An improved mimetic tissue model using powdered frozen tissue for QMSI was established as an alternative method, enabling the accurate quantification of clozapine levels in the rat brain. Furthermore, we used the improved method to evaluate drug-induced fluctuations in the concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites. This method can quantitatively evaluate drug localization in the brain and drug-induced changes in the concentration of endogenous metabolites, demonstrating the usefulness of QMSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Watanabe
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayo Takayama
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Toichiro Yamada
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayo Hashimoto
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Tadano
- Research Planning & Coordination, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakagawa
- Research Planning & Coordination, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Watanabe
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratory, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Izuru Miyawaki
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratory, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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2
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Interrogation of the mammalian gut-brain axis using LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics with in vitro bacterial and organoid cultures and in vivo gnotobiotic mouse models. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:490-529. [PMID: 36352124 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, known as the gut-brain axis, has prompted the development of quantitative analytical platforms to analyze microbe- and host-derived signals. This protocol enables investigations into connections between microbial colonization and intestinal and brain neurotransmitters and contains strategies for the comprehensive evaluation of metabolites in in vitro (organoids) and in vivo mouse model systems. Here we present an optimized workflow that includes procedures for preparing these gut-brain axis model systems: (stage 1) growth of microbes in defined media; (stage 2) microinjection of intestinal organoids; and (stage 3) generation of animal models including germ-free (no microbes), specific-pathogen-free (complete gut microbiota) and specific-pathogen-free re-conventionalized (germ-free mice associated with a complete gut microbiota from a specific-pathogen-free mouse), and Bifidobacterium dentium and Bacteroides ovatus mono-associated mice (germ-free mice colonized with a single gut microbe). We describe targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics methods for analyzing microbially derived short-chain fatty acids and neurotransmitters from these samples. Unlike other protocols that commonly examine only stool samples, this protocol includes bacterial cultures, organoid cultures and in vivo samples, in addition to monitoring the metabolite content of stool samples. The incorporation of three experimental models (microbes, organoids and animals) enhances the impact of this protocol. The protocol requires 3 weeks of murine colonization with microbes and ~1-2 weeks for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based instrumental and quantitative analysis, and sample post-processing and normalization.
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Hirai A, Yamazaki R, Kobayashi A, Kimura T, Nomiyama K, Shimma S, Nakayama SMM, Ishizuka M, Ikenaka Y. Detection of Changes in Monoamine Neurotransmitters by the Neonicotinoid Pesticide Imidacloprid Using Mass Spectrometry. TOXICS 2022; 10:696. [PMID: 36422903 PMCID: PMC9695199 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters (MAs), including dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), regulate brain functions such as behavior, memory, and learning. Neonicotinoids are pesticides that are being used more frequently. Neonicotinoid exposure has been observed to produce neurological symptoms, such as altered spontaneous movements and anxiety-like behaviors, which are suspected to be caused by altered MA levels. However, current neurotoxicity tests are not sufficiently sensitive enough to make these determinations. In this study, we performed some behavior tests, and derivatization reagents to improve the ionization efficiency, which was applied to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to reveal the effect of neonicotinoid administration on MAs in the brain. We orally administered the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (0, 10, and 50 mg/kg body weight) to C57BL/6NCrSlc mice. In the behavior tests, a decrease in activity was observed. The LC-MS/MS quantification of MAs in various brain regions showed a decrease in some MA levels in the olfactory bulb and the striatum. These results showed, for the first time, that even a low dose of imidacloprid could alter MA levels in various parts of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anri Hirai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shouta M. M. Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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Viana RR, Pego AMF, Oliveira TFD, Dallegrave E, Eller S. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of neurotransmitters in rat brain tissue exposed to 4'-Fluoro-α-PHP. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5487. [PMID: 36001303 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The combination of different advanced analytical techniques makes it possible to determine the concentrations of neurotransmitters in various biological matrices, providing a complex and comprehensive study of the effects of psychoactive substances. The present study aimed to develop and validate a fast and simple analytical method for the determination of acetylcholine, serotonin, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, dopamine, and metabolites in rats brain tissue by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The brain was homogenized and an aliquot of sample, dopamine-d4 , and acetone were added in a tube and then vortexed and centrifuged. The supernatant was collected and dried. The residue was reconstituted and injected. LLOQ ranged from 0.001 to 1 μg/g; intra-run precision from 0.47 to 11.52%; inter-run precision from 0.68 to 17.54%; bias from 89.10 to 109.60%. As proof of concept, the method was applied to animals exposed to the synthetic cathinone 4'-fuoro-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (300 mg/kg). In addition, the workflow proved to be simple, rapid, and useful to estimate the concentration of neurotransmitters. This analytical tool can be used to support the investigation of the changes in the neurochemical profile for the characterization of the mechanism of action of psychoactive substances, as well as both neurologic and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rodrigues Viana
- Undergraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Pharmacosciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Pharmacosciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Pharmacosciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Zhang Q, Wu ZH, Zhao SS, Yang J, Chen L, Wang XY, Wang ZY, Liu HX. Identification and Spatial Visualization of Dysregulated Bile Acid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Mass Spectral Imaging. Front Nutr 2022; 9:858603. [PMID: 35433798 PMCID: PMC9007086 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.858603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in overall bile acid (BA) levels and specific BA metabolites are involved in metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal, and liver cancer. BAs have become established as important signaling molecules that enable fine-tuned inter-tissue communication within the enterohepatic circulation. The liver, BAs site of production, displayed physiological and functional zonal differences in the periportal zone versus the centrilobular zone. In addition, BA metabolism shows regional differences in the intestinal tract. However, there is no available method to detect the spatial distribution and molecular profiling of BAs within the enterohepatic circulation. Herein, we demonstrated the application in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with a high spatial resolution (3 μm) plus mass accuracy matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) to imaging BAs and N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Our results could clearly determine the zonation patterns and regional difference characteristics of BAs on mouse liver, ileum, and colon tissue sections, and the relative content of BAs based on NPA could also be ascertained. In conclusion, our method promoted the accessibility of spatial localization and quantitative study of BAs on gastrointestinal tissue sections and demonstrated that MALDI-MSI was a valuable tool to investigate and locate several BA molecules in different tissue types leading to a better understanding of the role of BAs behind the gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Targeted UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis of Selected Neurotransmitters, Tryptophan and Its Metabolite Kynurenine in Tau Transgenic Rat Brain Tissue: A Pivotal Study. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters (NT) are widely distributed in the central nervous system. These molecules are important for many physiological processes and the function of the immune system. Imbalance of NT are linked to numerous neurological disorders and diseases, including tauopathies. Here, a targeted approach based on on-line combination of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was validated and applied to the quantitative analysis of nine NT (acetylcholine, choline, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, pyroglutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid), tryptophan and its metabolite kynurenine in brain tissue samples of a rat model for tauopathy. The applied analytical method was characterized by excellent validation parameters for all analytes, such as limits of detection in the range of 0.01–1.70 µg/mL, regression coefficients of the calibration curves ≥ 0.9946, intra-day and inter-day precision expressed as coefficient of variation in the range of 0.6–11.9% and 0.6–14.4%, and accuracy in the range of 87.6–107.1% and 87.2–119.6%. Our analytical approach led to the identification of increased levels of choline and γ-aminobutyric acid in pons, and elevated concentration levels of pyroglutamate in medulla oblongata. These findings indicate that NT could play a valuable role in the study and clarification of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Grønnestad R, Johanson SM, Müller MHB, Schlenk D, Tanabe P, Krøkje Å, Jaspers VLB, Jenssen BM, Ræder EM, Lyche JL, Shi Q, Arukwe A. Effects of an environmentally relevant PFAS mixture on dopamine and steroid hormone levels in exposed mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 428:115670. [PMID: 34371090 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the dopaminergic and steroid hormone systems of A/J mice fed environmentally relevant concentrations of a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) mixture over a period of 10 weeks. The PFAS mixture was chosen based on measured PFAS concentrations in earthworms at a Norwegian skiing area (Trondheim) and consisted of eight different PFAS. Dietary exposure to PFAS led to lower total brain dopamine (DA) concentrations in male mice, as compared to control. On the transcript level, brain tyrosine hydroxylase (th) of PFAS exposed males was reduced, compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed on the transcript levels of enzymes responsible for DA metabolism, namely - monoamine oxidase (maoa and maob) and catechol-O methyltransferase (comt). We detected increased transcript level for DA receptor 2 (dr2) in PFAS exposed females, while expression of DA receptor 1 (dr1), DA transporter (dat) and vesicular monoamine transporter (vmat) were not affected by PFAS exposure. Regarding the steroid hormones, plasma and muscle testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) levels, as well as transcripts for estrogen receptors (esr1 and esr2), gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) and aromatase (cyp19) were unaltered by the PFAS treatment. These results indicate that exposure to PFAS doses, comparable to previous observation in earthworms at a Norwegian skiing area, may alter the dopaminergic system of mice with overt consequences for health, general physiology, cognitive behavior, reproduction and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Grønnestad
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Silje Modahl Johanson
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette H B Müller
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Philip Tanabe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Åse Krøkje
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Erik M Ræder
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Shariatgorji R, Nilsson A, Fridjonsdottir E, Strittmatter N, Dannhorn A, Svenningsson P, Goodwin RJA, Odell LR, Andrén PE. Spatial visualization of comprehensive brain neurotransmitter systems and neuroactive substances by selective in situ chemical derivatization mass spectrometry imaging. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3298-3321. [PMID: 34075230 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecule-specific techniques such as MALDI and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging enable direct and simultaneous mapping of biomolecules in tissue sections in a single experiment. However, neurotransmitter imaging in the complex environment of biological samples remains challenging. Our covalent charge-tagging approach using on-tissue chemical derivatization of primary and secondary amines and phenolic hydroxyls enables comprehensive mapping of neurotransmitter networks. Here, we present robust and easy-to-use chemical derivatization protocols that facilitate quantitative and simultaneous molecular imaging of complete neurotransmitter systems and drugs in diverse biological tissue sections with high lateral resolution. This is currently not possible with any other imaging technique. The protocol, using fluoromethylpyridinium and pyrylium reagents, describes all steps from tissue preparation (~1 h), chemical derivatization (1-2 h), data collection (timing depends on the number of samples and lateral resolution) and data analysis and interpretation. The specificity of the chemical reaction can also help users identify unknown chemical identities. Our protocol can reveal the cellular locations in which signaling molecules act and thus shed light on the complex responses that occur after the administration of drugs or during the course of a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shariatgorji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elva Fridjonsdottir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Dannhorn
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per E Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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9
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Grønnestad R, Schlenk D, Krøkje Å, Jaspers VLB, Jenssen BM, Coffin S, Bertotto LB, Giroux M, Lyche JL, Arukwe A. Alteration of neuro-dopamine and steroid hormone homeostasis in wild Bank voles in relation to tissue concentrations of PFAS at a Nordic skiing area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143745. [PMID: 33250251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants that are applied in a wide range of consumer products, including ski products. The present study investigated the neuro-dopamine (DA) and cellular steroid hormone homeostasis of wild Bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from a skiing area in Norway (Trondheim), in relation to tissue concentrations of PFAS. We found a positive association between brain DA concentrations and the concentration of several PFAS, while there was a negative association between PFAS and dopamine receptor 1 (dr1) mRNA. The ratio between DA and its metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid: DOPAC and homovanillic acid: HVA) showed a negative association between DOPAC/DA and several PFAS, suggesting that PFAS altered the metabolism of DA via monoamine oxidase (Mao). This assumption is supported by an observed negative association between mao mRNA and PFAS. Previous studies have shown that DA homeostasis can indirectly regulate cellular estrogen (E2) and testosterone (T) biosynthesis. We found no association between DA and steroid hormone levels, while there was a negative association between some PFAS and T concentrations, suggesting that PFAS might affect T through other mechanisms. The results from the current study indicate that PFAS may alter neuro-DA and steroid hormone homeostasis in Bank voles, with potential consequences on reproduction and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Grønnestad
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Åse Krøkje
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Scott Coffin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Marissa Giroux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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10
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Helmschrodt C, Becker S, Perl S, Schulz A, Richter A. Development of a fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of neurotransmitters in murine microdialysate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7777-7787. [PMID: 32939566 PMCID: PMC7550289 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The continuous measurement of multiple neurotransmitters in microdialysate of freely moving mice to study neurochemical changes in specific brain regions requires a rapid and very sensitive quantitative analytical method. The quantitative analysis of 11 neurotransmitters and metabolites, including serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), melatonin (ME), dopamine (DA), levodopa (l-DOPA), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EP), acetylcholine (ACh), choline (Ch), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was performed using a biphenyl column coupled to an API-QTrap 3200 (AB SCIEX) mass spectrometer in positive electrospray ionization mode. To the microdialysate samples, 0.5 ng of isotopically labeled standard was added for analyte quantification. A rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of monoamines, their precursor, and metabolites, as well as ACh, Ch, and GABA in murine microdialysate within 7.0 min. The limit of detection in artificial CSF ranged from 0.005 ng/mL (ME) to 0.75 ng/mL (NE and GABA). A comprehensive pre-analytical protocol was validated. Recovery was between 87 and 117% for neurotransmitter concentrations from 0.6 to 45 ng/mL with an inter-day accuracy of below 20%. Basal neurotransmitter values were determined in the striatum of mice over a time period of 3 h. This LC-MS/MS method, including a short and gentle sample preparation, is suitable for simultaneous measurements of neurotransmitters in murine cerebral microdialysate and enables the determination of basal neurotransmitter levels in specific brain regions to detect disease-related and drug-induced neurochemical changes. Graphical abstract![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Helmschrodt
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Susen Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Perl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Xu T, Miao J, Chen Y, Yin D, Hu S, Sheng GD. The long-term environmental risks from the aging of organochlorine pesticide lindane. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 141:105778. [PMID: 32416373 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although increased contact time (aging) of pesticides in the soil decreases their bioavailability, this does not mean that the bound residues formed during the aging process pose fewer risk to the soil environment. Here the earthworm Eisenia fetida was exposed to organochlorine pesticide lindane in soil under different durations of lindane aging and exposure. The results of de novo RNA sequencing followed by molecular and biochemical validations demonstrated the aged lindane showed a different tendency to disrupt acetylcholine (ACh) transmission with the effects of fresh lindane to gamma-aminobutyric acid. Using own-developed earthworm activity test, we confirmed aged lindane prompted earthworms to exclusively exhibit a significant hypoactivity in locomotion, which could be explained by the inhibition of Ach system. This study suggested that the toxicity of pesticides would not depend solely on their free state components, and the awareness of long-term environmental risks from the bound states needs to be raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juanjuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Shuangqing Hu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - G Daniel Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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12
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Qian H, Kang X, Hu J, Zhang D, Liang Z, Meng F, Zhang X, Xue Y, Maimon R, Dowdy SF, Devaraj NK, Zhou Z, Mobley WC, Cleveland DW, Fu XD. Reversing a model of Parkinson's disease with in situ converted nigral neurons. Nature 2020; 582:550-556. [PMID: 32581380 PMCID: PMC7521455 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra1. Similar to other major neurodegenerative disorders, there are no disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease. While most treatment strategies aim to prevent neuronal loss or protect vulnerable neuronal circuits, a potential alternative is to replace lost neurons to reconstruct disrupted circuits2. Here we report an efficient one-step conversion of isolated mouse and human astrocytes to functional neurons by depleting the RNA-binding protein PTB (also known as PTBP1). Applying this approach to the mouse brain, we demonstrate progressive conversion of astrocytes to new neurons that innervate into and repopulate endogenous neural circuits. Astrocytes from different brain regions are converted to different neuronal subtypes. Using a chemically induced model of Parkinson's disease in mouse, we show conversion of midbrain astrocytes to dopaminergic neurons, which provide axons to reconstruct the nigrostriatal circuit. Notably, re-innervation of striatum is accompanied by restoration of dopamine levels and rescue of motor deficits. A similar reversal of disease phenotype is also accomplished by converting astrocytes to neurons using antisense oligonucleotides to transiently suppress PTB. These findings identify a potentially powerful and clinically feasible approach to treating neurodegeneration by replacing lost neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xinjiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology, ICR, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyu Liang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fan Meng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuanchao Xue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Roy Maimon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven F Dowdy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - William C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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13
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Wu Q, Li Y, Wang Y, Lu H. Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging of amino acids with isomer differentiation in brain tissue via exhaustive liquid microjunction surface sampling–tandem mass tags labeling–ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Matt SM, Gaskill PJ. Where Is Dopamine and how do Immune Cells See it?: Dopamine-Mediated Immune Cell Function in Health and Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:114-164. [PMID: 31077015 PMCID: PMC6842680 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that dopamine acts as an important regulator of immune function. Many immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopamine related proteins, enabling them to actively respond to dopamine and suggesting that dopaminergic immunoregulation is an important part of proper immune function. A detailed understanding of the physiological concentrations of dopamine in specific regions of the human body, particularly in peripheral systems, is critical to the development of hypotheses and experiments examining the effects of physiologically relevant dopamine concentrations on immune cells. Unfortunately, the dopamine concentrations to which these immune cells would be exposed in different anatomical regions are not clear. To address this issue, this comprehensive review details the current information regarding concentrations of dopamine found in both the central nervous system and in many regions of the periphery. In addition, we discuss the immune cells present in each region, and how these could interact with dopamine in each compartment described. Finally, the review briefly addresses how changes in these dopamine concentrations could influence immune cell dysfunction in several disease states including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, as well as the collection of pathologies, cognitive and motor symptoms associated with HIV infection in the central nervous system, known as NeuroHIV. These data will improve our understanding of the interactions between the dopaminergic and immune systems during both homeostatic function and in disease, clarify the effects of existing dopaminergic drugs and promote the creation of new therapeutic strategies based on manipulating immune function through dopaminergic signaling. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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15
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Bertotto LB, Dasgupta S, Vliet S, Dudley S, Gan J, Volz DC, Schlenk D. Evaluation of the estrogen receptor alpha as a possible target of bifenthrin effects in the estrogenic and dopaminergic signaling pathways in zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2424-2431. [PMID: 30336432 PMCID: PMC6283662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin (BF) is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in urban and agricultural applications. Previous studies in embryos of zebrafish have shown that BF can affect estradiol biosynthesis and the dopaminergic system. To examine the role of the estrogen receptor (ER) in the endocrine effects of BF, embryos were exposed for 96 h to a mixture of 0.15 and 1.5 μg/L BF and an ER agonist (17α-ethynylestradiol - EE2) at 0.09 μg/L. Transcripts related to estrogenic (vitellogenin VTG) and dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine receptor 1 (DR1), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and catechol-O-methyltransferase b (COMTb)) signaling pathways were investigated by qRT-PCR. Dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)) were also measured. There was a significant increase in VTG, DR1, MAO and COMTb mRNA levels and HVA-DA ratios within all zebrafish embryos exposed to EE2, including EE2 alone, 0.15 μg/L BF + EE2 and 1.5 μg/L BF + EE2. A significant decrease in homogenate concentrations of DA was observed within all zebrafish embryos exposed to EE2, which included EE2 alone, 0.15 μg/L BF + EE2 and 1.5 μg/L BF + EE2. Co-exposure of BF with EE2 failed to diminish estrogenic or dopaminergic signaling in embryos. Additionally, embryos with diminished ERα expression by morpholino injection were exposed to 0.15 μg/L BF, 1.5 μg/L BF and 0.09 μg/L EE2, with subsequent gene expression measurements. ERα knockdown did not prevent the effects of BF, indicating ERα may have a limited role in the estrogenic and dopaminergic effects caused by BF in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Becker Bertotto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Subham Dasgupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Sara Vliet
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Stacia Dudley
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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16
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Sørensen LK, Johannsen M. Sensitive determination of monoamine neurotransmitters, their main metabolites and precursor amino acids in different mouse brain components by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry after selective sample clean-up. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4479. [PMID: 30597586 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
For the assessment of diets and supplements formulated for the treatment of phenylketonuria, a highly sensitive and selective method was developed and validated for the quantification of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan in mouse cerebellum, brain stem, hypothalamus, parietal cortex, anterior piriform cortex and bulbus olfactorius. Samples were extracted by deproteinization with acetonitrile, and the extracts were cleaned up by strong anion exchange and weak cation exchange applied sequentially. The substances were detected by rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Matrix components were largely removed by the clean-up, resulting in low matrix effects. The lower limits of quantification for an extracted tissue mass of 100 mg were 0.3, 0.3, 0.2 and 2 ng/g for DA, 5-HT, 5-HIAA and DOPAC, respectively. The mean true extraction recoveries were 80-102%. The relative intra-laboratory reproducibility standard deviations were generally <11% at concentrations of 20-1000 ng/g for DA, 5-HT, 5-HIAA and DOPAC and 7% at concentrations of 5-50 μg/g for the amino acids. This method was successfully used in a phenylketonuria mice study including nearly 300 brain tissue samples and for small sample masses (for example, 2 mg of bulbus olfactorius).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert K Sørensen
- Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
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17
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Norris GT, Kipnis J. Immune cells and CNS physiology: Microglia and beyond. J Exp Med 2019; 216:60-70. [PMID: 30504438 PMCID: PMC6314530 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have directed our knowledge of the immune system from a narrative of "self" versus "nonself" to one in which immune function is critical for homeostasis of organs throughout the body. This is also the case with respect to the central nervous system (CNS). CNS immunity exists in a segregated state, with a marked partition occurring between the brain parenchyma and meningeal spaces. While the brain parenchyma is patrolled by perivascular macrophages and microglia, the meningeal spaces are supplied with a diverse immune repertoire. In this review, we posit that such partition allows for neuro-immune crosstalk to be properly tuned. Convention may imply that meningeal immunity is an ominous threat to brain function; however, recent studies have shown that its presence may instead be a steady hand directing the CNS to optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey T Norris
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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18
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Preza M, Montagne J, Costábile A, Iriarte A, Castillo E, Koziol U. Analysis of classical neurotransmitter markers in tapeworms: Evidence for extensive loss of neurotransmitter pathways. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:979-992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Miękus N, Olędzka I, Harshkova D, Liakh I, Plenis A, Kowalski P, Bączek T. Comparison of Three Extraction Approaches for the Isolation of Neurotransmitters from Rat Brain Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061560. [PMID: 29882927 PMCID: PMC6032232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of neurotransmitters (NTs) as relevant potential biomarkers in the study of various central nervous system (CNS) pathologies has been demonstrated. Knowing that NTs-related diseases mostly occupy individual regions of the nervous system, as observed, for instance, in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases), the analysis of brain slices is preferred to whole-brain analysis. In this report, we present sample preparation approaches, such as solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, and discuss the pitfalls and advantages of each extraction method. The ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)-assisted solid-phase microextraction (IL-SPME) is found to be, in our research, the relevant step towards the simultaneous determination of six NTs, namely, dopamine (DA), adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT), l-tryptophan (l-Trp), l-tyrosine (l-Tyr) in rat brain samples. The development of a novel bioanalytical technique for the evaluation of biomarkers in the context of green chemistry might be accelerated just with the use of IL, and this approach can be considered an advantageous strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Miękus
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ilona Olędzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Darya Harshkova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ivan Liakh
- S. I. Gelberg Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Grodno State Medical University, Vilenskaja str., 19, 230023 Grodno, Belarus.
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kowalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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20
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Cao Q, Ouyang C, Zhong X, Li L. Profiling of small molecule metabolites and neurotransmitters in crustacean hemolymph and neuronal tissues using reversed-phase LC-MS/MS. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1241-1248. [PMID: 29579349 PMCID: PMC7382969 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crustaceans have been long used as model animals for neuromodulation studies because of their well-defined neural circuitry. The identification of small molecule metabolites and signaling molecules in circulating fluids and neuronal tissues presents unique challenges due to their diverse structures, biological functions, and wide range of concentrations. LC combined with high resolution MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools to uncover endogenous small molecules. Here we explored several sample preparation techniques (solid-phase extraction and denaturing) and MS data acquisition strategies (data-dependent acquisition and targeted MS2-based acquisition) that provided complementary coverage and improved overall identification rate in C18 LC-MS/MS experiment. By MS/MS spectral matching with mzCloud database and those generated from standard compounds, a total of 129 small molecule metabolites and neurotransmitters were identified from crustacean hemolymph and neuronal tissues. These confidently identified small molecules covered predominant biosynthetic pathways for major neurotransmitters, validating the effectiveness of the high-throughput RPLC-MS/MS approach in studying the metabolism of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjingwen Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Chuanzi Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Xuefei Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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21
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Bertotto LB, Richards J, Gan J, Volz DC, Schlenk D. Effects of bifenthrin exposure on the estrogenic and dopaminergic pathways in zebrafish embryos and juveniles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:236-246. [PMID: 28815728 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide used in urban and agricultural applications. Previous studies have shown that environmentally relevant (ng/L) concentrations of bifenthrin increased plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) and altered the expression of dopaminergic pathway components. The dopaminergic neurons can indirectly regulate E2 biosynthesis, suggesting that bifenthrin may disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Because embryos do not have a complete HPG axis, the hypothesis that bifenthrin impairs dopamine regulation was tested in embryonic and 1-mo-old juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) with exposure to measured concentrations of 0.34 and 3.1 µg/L bifenthrin for 96 h. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate transcripts of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine receptor 1 (DR1) and 2A (DR2A), dopamine active transporter (DAT), estrogen receptor α (ERα), ERβ1, ERβ2, luteinizing hormone β (LHβ), follicle-stimulating hormone β (FSHβ), vitellogenin (VTG), cytochrome P450 cyp19a1a, and cyp19a1b. Levels of E2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Dopamine and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatrography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Significant decreases in TH and DR1 transcripts and HVA levels, as well as ratios of HVA/dopamine and HVA+DOPAC/dopamine, in zebrafish embryos were observed after bifenthrin treatment. In juveniles, a significant increase in the expression of ERβ1 and the DOPAC to dopamine ratio was noted. These results show a possible antiestrogenic effect of bifenthrin in embryos, and estrogenicity in juveniles, indicating life-stage-dependent toxicity in developing fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:236-246. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Becker Bertotto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jaben Richards
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - David Christopher Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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22
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Tripathi P, Singh A, Bala L, Patel DK, Singh MP. Ibuprofen Protects from Cypermethrin-Induced Changes in the Striatal Dendritic Length and Spine Density. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2333-2339. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Miękus N, Olędzka I, Plenis A, Kowalski P, Bień E, Miękus A, Krawczyk MA, Adamkiewicz-Drożyńska E, Bączek T. Determination of urinary biogenic amines’ biomarker profile in neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma patients by MEKC method with preceding dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1036-1037:114-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Rehman SU, Choe K, Yoo HH. Review on a Traditional Herbal Medicine, Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali): Its Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Evidence-Based Pharmacology and Toxicology. Molecules 2016; 21:331. [PMID: 26978330 PMCID: PMC6274257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Eurycoma longifolia Jack (known as tongkat ali), a popular traditional herbal medicine, is a flowering plant of the family Simaroubaceae, native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and also Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos and Thailand. E. longifolia, is one of the well-known folk medicines for aphrodisiac effects as well as intermittent fever (malaria) in Asia. Decoctions of E. longifolia leaves are used for washing itches, while its fruits are used in curing dysentery. Its bark is mostly used as a vermifuge, while the taproots are used to treat high blood pressure, and the root bark is used for the treatment of diarrhea and fever. Mostly, the roots extract of E. longifolia are used as folk medicine for sexual dysfunction, aging, malaria, cancer, diabetes, anxiety, aches, constipation, exercise recovery, fever, increased energy, increased strength, leukemia, osteoporosis, stress, syphilis and glandular swelling. The roots are also used as an aphrodisiac, antibiotic, appetite stimulant and health supplement. The plant is reported to be rich in various classes of bioactive compounds such as quassinoids, canthin-6-one alkaloids, β-carboline alkaloids, triterpene tirucallane type, squalene derivatives and biphenyl neolignan, eurycolactone, laurycolactone, and eurycomalactone, and bioactive steroids. Among these phytoconstituents, quassinoids account for a major portion of the E. longifolia root phytochemicals. An acute toxicity study has found that the oral Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) of the alcoholic extract of E. longifolia in mice is between 1500-2000 mg/kg, while the oral LD50 of the aqueous extract form is more than 3000 mg/kg. Liver and renal function tests showed no adverse changes at normal daily dose and chronic use of E. longifolia. Based on established literature on health benefits of E. longifolia, it is important to focus attention on its more active constituents and the constituents' identification, determination, further development and most importantly, the standardization. Besides the available data, more evidence is required regarding its therapeutic efficacy and safety, so it can be considered a rich herbal source of new drug candidates. It is very important to conserve this valuable medicinal plant for the health benefit of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheed Ur Rehman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
| | - Kevin Choe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
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Yang ZL, Li H, Wang B, Liu SY. An optimized method for neurotransmitters and their metabolites analysis in mouse hypothalamus by high performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Konieczna L, Roszkowska A, Niedźwiecki M, Bączek T. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction as a preconcentration tool for the simultaneous determination of the panel of underivatized neurotransmitters in human urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Simultaneous determination of 8 neurotransmitters and their metabolite levels in rat brain using liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry: Application to the murine Nrf2 model of depression. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 453:174-81. [PMID: 26712273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of neurotransmitters and their metabolites is useful for the diagnosis of central nervous system diseases. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with protein precipitation was developed to monitor levels of adrenaline (AD), noradrenaline (NA), glutamic acid (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in rat brain tissue. Isoprenaline was used as an internal standard (IS). Neurotransmitters and metabolites were eluted with a reverse phase column under gradient conditions through a mobile phase consisting of 0.2% formic acid water solution/acetonitrile. The compounds were detected and quantified by LC-MS/MS with positive or negative electrospray ionization, which operates in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The method was linear or polynomial (R(2)>0.99) for AD, NA, Glu, GABA, DA, 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and MHPG in the range of 0.25-200, 0.5-200, 250-20,000, 250-20,000, 0.25-200, 10-3000, 1-50, and 1-50ng/mL, respectively. The validation assays for accuracy and precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery, stability and carry-over of the samples for neurotransmitters and metabolites were consistent with the requirements of regulatory agencies. The method enables rapid quantification of neurotransmitters and their metabolites and has been applied in the nuclear factor (erythroid 2-derived)-like 2 (Nrf2) knockout mouse model of depression.
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Schumacher F, Chakraborty S, Kleuser B, Gulbins E, Schwerdtle T, Aschner M, Bornhorst J. Highly sensitive isotope-dilution liquid-chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem-mass spectrometry approach to study the drug-mediated modulation of dopamine and serotonin levels in Caenorhabditis elegans. Talanta 2015; 144:71-9. [PMID: 26452793 PMCID: PMC4600537 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (SRT) are monoamine neurotransmitters that play a key role in regulating the central and peripheral nervous system. Their impaired metabolism has been implicated in several neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and depression. Consequently, it is imperative to monitor changes in levels of these low-abundant neurotransmitters and their role in mediating disease. For the first time, a rapid, specific and sensitive isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of DA and SRT in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). This model organism offers a unique approach for studying the effect of various drugs and environmental conditions on neurotransmitter levels, given by the conserved DA and SRT biology, including synaptic release, trafficking and formation. We introduce a novel sample preparation protocol incorporating the usage of sodium thiosulfate in perchloric acid as extraction medium that assures high recovery of the relatively unstable neurotransmitters monitored. Moreover, the use of both deuterated internal standards and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technique allows for unequivocal quantification. Thereby, to the best of our knowledge, we achieve a detection sensitivity that clearly exceeds those of published DA and SRT quantification methods in various matrices. We are the first to show that exposure of C. elegans to the monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor selegiline or the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor tolcapone, in order to block DA and SRT degradation, resulted in accumulation of the respective neurotransmitter. Assessment of a behavioral output of the dopaminergic system (basal slowing response) corroborated the analytical LC-MS/MS data. Thus, utilization of the C. elegans model system in conjunction with our analytical method is well-suited to investigate drug-mediated modulation of the DA and SRT system in order to identify compounds with neuroprotective or regenerative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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A validated LC–MS/MS method for neurotransmitter metabolite analysis in human cerebrospinal fluid using benzoyl chloride derivatization. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2461-75. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is often acquired in Phase I clinical trials to assess the CNS penetration of new pharmacological agents and to search for biomarkers associated with PD effects. Robust methods for neurotransmitter metabolites in CSF have proven elusive, in part due to inadequate reversed phase LC retention. Results: Benzoyl chloride derivatization was used to promote retention for LC–MS/MS for a panel of neurotransmitter metabolites while delivering a concise method for sample preparation. Conclusion: A validated assay in human CSF was obtained for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. This method is differentiated from other LC–MS/MS methods by delivering results in line with full regulatory expectations.
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Sakaguchi Y, Ikenaga J, Yoshida H, Hayama T, Itoyama M, Todoroki K, Imakyure O, Yamaguchi M, Nohta H. Selective and sensitive liquid chromatographic determination method of 5-hydroxyindoles with fluorous and fluorogenic derivatization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:348-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhao XE, Zhu S, Yang H, You J, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Simultaneous determination of amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters in PC12 cells and rats models of Parkinson's disease using a sensitizing derivatization reagent by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 995-996:15-23. [PMID: 26021847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multi-analytes simultaneous monitoring of amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters (NTs) has important scientific significance for their related pathology, physiology and drug screening. In this work, in virtue of a mass spectrometry sensitizing reagent 10-ethyl-acridone-3-sulfonyl chloride (EASC) as derivatization reagent, an Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of six amino acid NTs, two monoamine ones and its one metabolite. The simple and rapid derivatization reaction was innovatively combined with plasma preparation by using EASC acetonitrile solution as protein precipitant. This interesting combination brought the advantages of speediness, simpleness and high-throughput in a cost-effective way. Under the optimized conditions, LODs (0.004-3.80nM) and LOQs (0.014-13.3nM) of EASC derivatized-NTs were calculated and found to be significantly lower than those of direct UHPLC-MS/MS detection about 11.5-275.0 and 14.4-371.4 times, respectively. Moreover, EASC derivatization significantly improved chromatographic resolution and matrix effect when compared with direct UPLC-MS/MS detection method without derivatization. Meanwhile, it also brought acceptable precision (3.0-13.0%, peak area CVs%), accuracy (86.4-112.9%), recovery (88.3-107.8%) and stability (3.8-8.5%, peak area CVs%) results. This method was successfully applied for the antiparkinsonian effect evaluation of levodopa and Ginsenoside Rg1 using PC12 cells and rats models by measuring multiple NTs. This provided a new method for the NTs related studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-En Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, PR China; Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Shuyun Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jinmao You
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fengrui Song
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
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Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform for both small neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in blood, with automatic and robust solid phase extraction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9308. [PMID: 25791195 PMCID: PMC5380133 DOI: 10.1038/srep09308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons communicate via chemical signals called neurotransmitters (NTs). The numerous identified NTs can have very different physiochemical properties (solubility, charge, size etc.), so quantification of the various NT classes traditionally requires several analytical platforms/methodologies. We here report that a diverse range of NTs, e.g. peptides oxytocin and vasopressin, monoamines adrenaline and serotonin, and amino acid GABA, can be simultaneously identified/measured in small samples, using an analytical platform based on liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The automated platform is cost-efficient as manual sample preparation steps and one-time-use equipment are kept to a minimum. Zwitter-ionic HILIC stationary phases were used for both on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography (capillary format, cLC). This approach enabled compounds from all NT classes to elute in small volumes producing sharp and symmetric signals, and allowing precise quantifications of small samples, demonstrated with whole blood (100 microliters per sample). An additional robustness-enhancing feature is automatic filtration/filter back-flushing (AFFL), allowing hundreds of samples to be analyzed without any parts needing replacement. The platform can be installed by simple modification of a conventional LC-MS system.
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Kim TH, Choi J, Kim HG, Kim HR. Quantification of neurotransmitters in mouse brain tissue by using liquid chromatography coupled electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:506870. [PMID: 25258696 PMCID: PMC4166658 DOI: 10.1155/2014/506870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed for the determination of BH4, DA, 5-HT, NE, EP, Glu, and GABA in mouse brain using epsilon-acetamidocaproic acid and isotopically labeled neurotransmitters as internal standards. Proteins in the samples were precipitated by adding acetonitrile, and then the supernatants were separated by a Sepax Polar-Imidazole (2.1 mm × 100 mm, i.d., 3 μm) column by adding a mixture of 10 mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile/water (75 : 25, v/v, 300 μl/min) for BH4 and DA. To assay 5-HT, NE, EP, Glu, and GABA; a Luna 3 μ C18 (3.0 mm × 150 mm, i.d., 3 μm) column was used by adding a mixture of 1% formic acid in acetonitrile/water (20 : 80, v/v, 350 μl/min). The total chromatographic run time was 5.5 min. The method was validated for the analysis of samples. The calibration curve was linear between 10 and 2000 ng/g for BH4 (r(2) = 0.995) , 10 and 5000 ng/g for DA (r(2) = 0.997) , 20 and 10000 ng/g for 5-HT (r(2) = 0.994) , NE (r(2) = 0.993) , and EP (r(2) = 0.993) , and 0.2 and 200 μg/g for Glu (r(2) = 0.996) and GABA (r(2) = 0.999) in the mouse brain tissues. As stated above, LC-MS/MS results were obtained and established to be a useful tool for the quantitative analysis of BH4, DA, 5-HT, NE, EP, Glu, and GABA in the experimental rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Bioresources Regional Innovation Center, Soon Chun Hyang University, Asan 336-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Translational Research Center, Institute of Bio-Science Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Rim Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
- Translational Research Center, Institute of Bio-Science Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
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Profiling analysis of biogenic amines and their acidic metabolites in mouse brain tissue using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 940:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sia TC, Whiting M, Kyloh M, Nicholas SJ, Oliver J, Brookes SJ, Dinning PG, Wattchow DA, Spencer NJ. 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 antagonists inhibit peristaltic contractions in guinea-pig distal colon by mechanisms independent of endogenous 5-HT. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:136. [PMID: 23935564 PMCID: PMC3732893 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that endogenous serotonin is not required for colonic peristalsis in vitro, nor gastrointestinal (GI) transit in vivo. However, antagonists of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors can inhibit peristalsis and GI-transit in mammals, including humans. This raises the question of how these antagonists inhibit GI-motility and transit, if depletion of endogenous 5-HT does not cause any significant inhibitory changes to either GI-motility or transit? We investigated the mechanism by which 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 antagonists inhibit distension-evoked peristaltic contractions in guinea-pig distal colon. In control animals, repetitive peristaltic contractions of the circular muscle were evoked in response to fixed fecal pellet distension. Distension-evoked peristaltic contractions were unaffected in animals with mucosa and submucosal plexus removed, that were also treated with reserpine (to deplete neuronal 5-HT). In control animals, peristaltic contractions were blocked temporarily by ondansetron (1–10 μM) and SDZ-205–557 (1–10 μM) in many animals. Interestingly, after this temporary blockade, and whilst in the continued presence of these antagonists, peristaltic contractions recovered, with characteristics no different from controls. Surprisingly, similar effects were seen in mucosa-free preparations, which had no detectable 5-HT, as detected by mass spectrometry. In summary, distension-evoked peristaltic reflex contractions of the circular muscle layer of the guinea-pig colon can be inhibited temporarily, or permanently, in the same preparation by selective 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 antagonists, depending on the concentration of the antagonists applied. These effects also occur in preparations that lack any detectable 5-HT. We suggest caution should be exercised when interpreting the effects of 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 antagonists; and the role of endogenous 5-HT, in the generation of distension-evoked colonic peristalsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiong C Sia
- Discipline of Human Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, Flinders University Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Park NH, Hong JY, Shin HJ, Hong J. Comprehensive profiling analysis of bioamines and their acidic metabolites in human urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry combined with selective derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1305:234-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wong YC, Zuo Z. Brain Disposition and Catalepsy After Intranasal Delivery of Loxapine: Role of Metabolism in PK/PD of Intranasal CNS Drugs. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2368-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Greco S, Danysz W, Zivkovic A, Gross R, Stark H. Microdialysate analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters—A versatile and sensitive LC–MS/MS method. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 771:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Analysis of multiple quaternary ammonium compounds in the brain using tandem capillary column separation and high resolution mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1241:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of indoleamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in sea lamprey plasma. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 721:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) for LC–MS/MS analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:783-94. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to traditional reversed-phase chromatography for the analysis of polar compounds. The ability to retain the most polar compounds in HILIC makes it attractive for the analysis of certain large groups of compounds, such as monoamines, which are inherently very polar. Results: This paper details the development of a HILIC LC–MS/MS method for the analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters. The emphasis is on method development; in particular, the factors influencing sensitivity, peak shape and resolution. Mobile-phase ionic strength, temperature and stationary phase functionality are shown to be key parameters for the successful development of HILIC methods. Conclusion: HILIC is shown to be an appropriate and suitable method for the analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters and an attractive alternative to reversed-phase analysis. The most polar analytes, which are essentially unretained by reversed-phase chromatography, demonstrate superior retention and resolution when analyzed by HILIC.
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Quantification of monoamine neurotransmitters and melatonin in sea lamprey brain tissues by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 89:383-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ambade V, Arora MM, Singh P, Somani BL, Basannar D. Adrenaline, Noradrenaline and Dopamine Level Estimation in Depression : Does it Help? Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 65:216-20. [PMID: 27408249 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(09)80006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of catecholaminergic function have been hypothesised in causation of depressive illness. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is postulated to have noradrenergic mechanism of action. We studied the clinical utility of estimating catecholamines level changes after ECT. METHODS Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in healthy controls and depressed patients were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection method before and after ECT. RESULT Mean ± standard deviation of plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in controls was 36.7 ± 13.2, 209.3 ± 76, 21.8 ± 9.5 ng/L respectively, while in depressed patients before and after ECT it was found to be 32.5 ± 12.0, 419.3 ± 167.7, 22.1 ± 16.0ng/ L and 37.2 ± 19.6, 386.1 ± 168.4, 22.3 ± 15.5ng/L respectively. Correlation of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine concentration with scores of Beck Depression Inventory, Suicidal Ideation Scale and Melancholia Inventory was positive but statistically not significant and poor. Based on the cut off values of noradrenaline, only 62% cases could be categorized as abnormal, which after ECT reduced to 50%, whereas post ECT psychiatric ratings was normal in about 78% cases. CONCLUSION There is no clinical significance of estimating adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ambade
- Scientist E, Scientist E (Dept of Community Medicine) , AFMC, Pune-40
| | - M M Arora
- Head of Department, Scientist E (Dept of Community Medicine) , AFMC, Pune-40
| | - P Singh
- Ex-Head of Department, Scientist E (Dept of Community Medicine) , AFMC, Pune-40
| | - B L Somani
- Scientist G (Dept of Biochemistry); Scientist E (Dept of Community Medicine), AFMC, Pune-40
| | - D Basannar
- Scientist E (Dept of Community Medicine), AFMC, Pune-40
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González RR, Fernández RF, Vidal JLM, Frenich AG, Pérez MLG. Development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of neurotransmitters in rat brain samples. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 198:187-94. [PMID: 21459108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the simultaneous determination of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), choline, acetylcholine, dopamine, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic (5-HIAA), serotonin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) was developed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). These compounds are analysed in a single chromatographic run in less than 8 min, adding heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) in the mobile phase to improve the separation of the selected neurotransmitters. The analytes were detected using electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Good linearity was obtained (R² > 0.98) and the intra and inter-day precision of the method (expressed as relative standard deviation) were lower than 26%. Limits of quantification were lower than 2.440 μg/g of brain in all the cases, allowing the sensitive determination of these compounds in rat brain extracts. Therefore, the method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of neurotransmitters in several rat brain regions (prefrontal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens and amygdala), detecting glutamate, GABA and choline at concentrations higher than 1000 μg/g, 30 μg/g and 100 μg/g respectively, whereas the other compounds were found at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Analytical Chemistry, Almeria University, 04071 Almeria, Spain
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Zhu KY, Fu Q, Leung KW, Wong ZC, Choi RC, Tsim KW. The establishment of a sensitive method in determining different neurotransmitters simultaneously in rat brains by using liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:737-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xu N, Qiu C, Wang W, Wang Y, Chai C, Yan Y, Zhu D. HPLC/MS/MS for quantification of two types of neurotransmitters in rat brain and application: Myocardial ischemia and protection of Sheng-Mai-San. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Teh CH, Murugaiyah V, Chan KL. Developing a validated liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous analysis of five bioactive quassinoid markers for the standardization of manufactured batches of Eurycoma longifolia Jack extract as antimalarial medicaments. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1861-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Najmanová V, Rambousek L, Syslová K, Bubeníková V, Šlamberová R, Valeš K, Kačer P. LC-ESI-MS-MS Method for Monitoring Dopamine, Serotonin and Their Metabolites in Brain Tissue. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-1959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gao Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Guo Y. Using Chemical Derivatization to Determine the Human Urinary Acidic Catecholamine Metabolites Quantitatively by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gómez-Caballero A, Ugarte A, Sánchez-Ortega A, Unceta N, Goicolea MA, Barrio RJ. Molecularly imprinted poly[tetra(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin] as a stable and selective coating for the development of voltammetric sensors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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