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Rafiee A, Delgado-Saborit JM, Aquilina NJ, Amiri H, Hoseini M. Assessing oxidative stress resulting from environmental exposure to metals (Oids) in a middle Eastern population. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2649-2668. [PMID: 34390449 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of metals and metalloids derived mainly from anthropogenic activities have increased considerably in the environment. Metals might be associated with increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage, potentially related to several health outcomes. This study has recruited 200 adult participants, including 110 males and 90 females in Shiraz (Iran), to investigate the relationship between chronic exposure to metals and ROS damage by analyzing malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations, and has evaluated the associations between chronic metal exposure and ROS damage using regression analysis. Our findings showed participants are chronically exposed to elevate As, Ni, Hg, and Pb levels. The mean urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG and MDA were 3.8 ± 2.35 and 214 ± 134 µg/g creatinine, respectively. This study shows that most heavy metals are correlated with urinary ROS biomarkers (R ranges 0.19 to 0.64). In addition, regression analysis accounting for other confounding factors such as sex, age, smoking status, and teeth filling with amalgam highlights that Al, Cu, Si and Sn are associated with 8-OHdG concentrations, while an association between Cr and MDA and 8-OHdG is suggested. Smoking cigarettes and water-pipe is considered a significant contributory factor for both ROS biomarkers (MDA and 8-OHdG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Rafiee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
- Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
- Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Analytical Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Noel J Aquilina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malta, Msida, 2080, MSD, Malta
| | - Hoda Amiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi blvd, Kuye Zahra Street, Shiraz, Iran.
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Domingo-Relloso A, Grau-Perez M, Galan-Chilet I, Garrido-Martinez MJ, Tormos C, Navas-Acien A, Gomez-Ariza JL, Monzo-Beltran L, Saez-Tormo G, Garcia-Barrera T, Dueñas Laita A, Briongos Figuero LS, Martin-Escudero JC, Chaves FJ, Redon J, Tellez-Plaza M. Urinary metals and metal mixtures and oxidative stress biomarkers in an adult population from Spain: The Hortega Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:171-180. [PMID: 30529889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have investigated the role of exposure to metals and metal mixtures on oxidative stress in the general population. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the cross-sectional association of urinary metal and metal mixtures with urinary oxidative stress biomarkers, including oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8‑oxo‑7,8‑dihydroguanine (8-oxo-dG), in a representative sample of a general population from Spain (Hortega Study). METHODS Urine antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) were measured by ICPMS in 1440 Hortega Study participants. RESULTS The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of GSSG/GSH comparing the 80th to the 20th percentiles of metal distributions were 1.15 (95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 1.03-1.27) for Mo, 1.17 (1.05-1.31) for Ba, 1.23 (1.04-1.46) for Cr and 1.18 (1.00-1.40) for V. For MDA, the corresponding GMRs (95% CI) were 1.13 (1.03-1.24) for Zn and 1.12 (1.02-1.23) for Cd. In 8-oxo-dG models, the corresponding GMR (95% CI) were 1.12 (1.01-1.23) for Zn and 1.09 (0.99-1.20) for Cd. Cr for GSSG/GSH and Zn for MDA and 8-oxo-dG drove most of the observed associations. Principal component (PC) 1 (largely reflecting non-essential metals) was positively associated with GSSG/GSH. The association of PC2 (largely reflecting essential metals) was positive for GSSG/GSH but inverse for MDA. CONCLUSIONS Urine Ba, Cd, Cr, Mo, V and Zn were positively associated with oxidative stress measures at metal exposure levels relevant for the general population. The potential health consequences of environmental, including nutritional, exposure to these metals warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Maria Grau-Perez
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | - Inmaculada Galan-Chilet
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J Garrido-Martinez
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Tormos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - Lidia Monzo-Beltran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Saez-Tormo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Service of Clinical Analyses, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - F Javier Chaves
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Redon
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, USA
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Janocha AJ, Comhair SAA, Basnyat B, Neupane M, Gebremedhin A, Khan A, Ricci KS, Zhang R, Erzurum SC, Beall CM. Antioxidant defense and oxidative damage vary widely among high-altitude residents. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28726295 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People living at high altitude experience unavoidable low oxygen levels (hypoxia). While acute hypoxia causes an increase in oxidative stress and damage despite higher antioxidant activity, the consequences of chronic hypoxia are poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to assess antioxidant activity and oxidative damage in high-altitude natives and upward migrants. METHODS Individuals from two indigenous high-altitude populations (Amhara, n = 39), (Sherpa, n = 34), one multigenerational high-altitude population (Oromo, n = 42), one upward migrant population (Nepali, n = 12), and two low-altitude reference populations (Amhara, n = 29; Oromo, n = 18) provided plasma for measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as a marker of antioxidant capacity, and urine for measurement of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker of DNA oxidative damage. RESULTS High-altitude Amhara and Sherpa had the highest SOD activity, while highland Oromo and Nepalis had the lowest among high-altitude populations. High-altitude Amhara had the lowest DNA damage, Sherpa intermediate levels, and high-altitude Oromo had the highest. CONCLUSIONS High-altitude residence alone does not associate with high antioxidant defenses; residence length appears to be influential. The single-generation upward migrant sample had the lowest defense and nearly the highest DNA damage. The two high-altitude resident samples with millennia of residence had higher defenses than the two with multiple or single generations of residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Janocha
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Suzy A A Comhair
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Buddha Basnyat
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit-Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Amha Gebremedhin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anam Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Kristin S Ricci
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Renliang Zhang
- Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195.,Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
| | - Cynthia M Beall
- Department of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
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Dierschke K, Isaxon C, Andersson UBK, Assarsson E, Axmon A, Stockfelt L, Gudmundsson A, Jönsson BAG, Kåredal M, Löndahl J, Pagels J, Wierzbicka A, Bohgard M, Nielsen J. Acute respiratory effects and biomarkers of inflammation due to welding-derived nanoparticle aggregates. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:451-463. [PMID: 28258373 PMCID: PMC5486570 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Welders are exposed to airborne particles from the welding environment and often develop symptoms work-related from the airways. A large fraction of the particles from welding are in the nano-size range. In this study we investigate if the welders’ airways are affected by exposure to particles derived from gas metal arc welding in mild steel in levels corresponding to a normal welding day. Method In an exposure chamber, 11 welders with and 10 welders without work-related symptoms from the lower airways and 11 non-welders without symptoms, were exposed to welding fumes (1 mg/m3) and to filtered air, respectively, in a double-blind manner. Symptoms from eyes and upper and lower airways and lung function were registered. Blood and nasal lavage (NL) were sampled before, immediately after and the morning after exposure for analysis of markers of oxidative stress. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for analysis of leukotriene B4 (LT-B4) was sampled before, during and immediately after exposure. Results No adverse effects of welding exposure were found regarding symptoms and lung function. However, EBC LT-B4 decreased significantly in all participants after welding exposure compared to filtered air. NL IL-6 increased immediately after exposure in the two non-symptomatic groups and blood neutrophils tended to increase in the symptomatic welder group. The morning after, neutrophils and serum IL-8 had decreased in all three groups after welding exposure. Remarkably, the symptomatic welder group had a tenfold higher level of EBC LT-B4 compared to the two groups without symptoms. Conclusion Despite no clinical adverse effects at welding, changes in inflammatory markers may indicate subclinical effects even at exposure below the present Swedish threshold limit (8 h TWA respirable dust).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Dierschke
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Christina Isaxon
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulla B K Andersson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Assarsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Axmon
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leo Stockfelt
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo A G Jönsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Kåredal
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Pagels
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aneta Wierzbicka
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Bohgard
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörn Nielsen
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
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Determination of the oxidative stress biomarker urinary 8-hydroxy-2⿲-deoxyguanosine by automated on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1019:140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fast vaporization solid phase microextraction and ion mobility spectrometry: A new approach for determination of creatinine in biological fluids. Talanta 2015; 144:474-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Galan-Chilet I, Tellez-Plaza M, Guallar E, De Marco G, Lopez-Izquierdo R, Gonzalez-Manzano I, Carmen Tormos M, Martin-Nuñez GM, Rojo-Martinez G, Saez GT, Martín-Escudero JC, Redon J, Javier Chaves F. Plasma selenium levels and oxidative stress biomarkers: a gene-environment interaction population-based study. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:229-36. [PMID: 25017966 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of selenium exposure in preventing chronic disease is controversial, especially in selenium-repleted populations. At high concentrations, selenium exposure may increase oxidative stress. Studies evaluating the interaction of genetic variation in genes involved in oxidative stress pathways and selenium are scarce. We evaluated the cross-sectional association of plasma selenium concentrations with oxidative stress levels, measured as oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxo-dG) in urine, and the interacting role of genetic variation in oxidative stress candidate genes, in a representative sample of 1445 men and women aged 18-85 years from Spain. The geometric mean of plasma selenium levels in the study sample was 84.76 µg/L. In fully adjusted models the geometric mean ratios for oxidative stress biomarker levels comparing the highest to the lowest quintiles of plasma selenium levels were 0.61 (0.50-0.76) for GSSG/GSH, 0.89 (0.79-1.00) for MDA, and 1.06 (0.96-1.18) for 8-oxo-dG. We observed nonlinear dose-responses of selenium exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers, with plasma selenium concentrations above ~110 μg/L being positively associated with 8-oxo-dG, but inversely associated with GSSG/GSH and MDA. In addition, we identified potential risk genotypes associated with increased levels of oxidative stress markers with high selenium levels. Our findings support that high selenium levels increase oxidative stress in some biological processes. More studies are needed to disentangle the complexity of selenium biology and the relevance of potential gene-selenium interactions in relation to health outcomes in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Galan-Chilet
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Griselda De Marco
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Lopez-Izquierdo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - M Carmen Tormos
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia M Martin-Nuñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martinez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo T Saez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain; Service of Clinical Analysis-CDBI; Hospital General Universitario de Valencia (HGUV) Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Josep Redon
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Javier Chaves
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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Miura C, Funaya N, Matsunaga H, Haginaka J. Monodisperse, molecularly imprinted polymers for creatinine by modified precipitation polymerization and their applications to creatinine assays for human serum and urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 85:288-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rossner P, Mistry V, Singh R, Sram RJ, Cooke MS. Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine values determined by a modified ELISA improves agreement with HPLC–MS/MS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:725-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Barregard L, Møller P, Henriksen T, Mistry V, Koppen G, Rossner P, Sram RJ, Weimann A, Poulsen HE, Nataf R, Andreoli R, Manini P, Marczylo T, Lam P, Evans MD, Kasai H, Kawai K, Li YS, Sakai K, Singh R, Teichert F, Farmer PB, Rozalski R, Gackowski D, Siomek A, Saez GT, Cerda C, Broberg K, Lindh C, Hossain MB, Haghdoost S, Hu CW, Chao MR, Wu KY, Orhan H, Senduran N, Smith RJ, Santella RM, Su Y, Cortez C, Yeh S, Olinski R, Loft S, Cooke MS. Human and methodological sources of variability in the measurement of urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18. [PMID: 23198723 PMCID: PMC3671631 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is a widely used biomarker of oxidative stress. However, variability between chromatographic and ELISA methods hampers interpretation of data, and this variability may increase should urine composition differ between individuals, leading to assay interference. Furthermore, optimal urine sampling conditions are not well defined. We performed inter-laboratory comparisons of 8-oxodG measurement between mass spectrometric-, electrochemical- and ELISA-based methods, using common within-technique calibrants to analyze 8-oxodG-spiked phosphate-buffered saline and urine samples. We also investigated human subject- and sample collection-related variables, as potential sources of variability. RESULTS Chromatographic assays showed high agreement across urines from different subjects, whereas ELISAs showed far more inter-laboratory variation and generally overestimated levels, compared to the chromatographic assays. Excretion rates in timed 'spot' samples showed strong correlations with 24 h excretion (the 'gold' standard) of urinary 8-oxodG (rp 0.67-0.90), although the associations were weaker for 8-oxodG adjusted for creatinine or specific gravity (SG). The within-individual excretion of 8-oxodG varied only moderately between days (CV 17% for 24 h excretion and 20% for first void, creatinine-corrected samples). INNOVATION This is the first comprehensive study of both human and methodological factors influencing 8-oxodG measurement, providing key information for future studies with this important biomarker. CONCLUSION ELISA variability is greater than chromatographic assay variability, and cannot determine absolute levels of 8-oxodG. Use of standardized calibrants greatly improves intra-technique agreement and, for the chromatographic assays, importantly allows integration of results for pooled analyses. If 24 h samples are not feasible, creatinine- or SG-adjusted first morning samples are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Barregard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Mesaros C, Arora JS, Wholer A, Vachani A, Blair IA. 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of tobacco-smoking-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:610-7. [PMID: 22613262 PMCID: PMC4283839 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
7,8-Dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo) is a useful biomarker of oxidative stress. However, its analysis can be challenging because 8-oxo-dGuo must be quantified in the presence of dGuo, without artifactual conversion to 8-oxo-dGuo. Urine is the ideal biological fluid for population studies, because it can be obtained noninvasively and it is less likely that artifactual oxidation of dGuo can occur because of the relatively low amounts that are present compared with hydrolyzed DNA. Stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry (LC-SRM/MS) with 8-oxo-[(15)N(5)]dGuo as internal standard provided the highest possible specificity for 8-oxo-dGuo analysis. Furthermore, artifact formation was determined by addition of [(13)C(10)(15)N(5)]dGuo and monitoring of its conversion to 8-oxo-[(13)C(10)(15)N(5)]dGuo during the analytical procedure. 8-Oxo-dGuo concentrations were normalized for interindividual differences in urine flow by analysis of creatinine using stable isotope dilution LC-SRM/MS. A significant increase in urinary 8-oxo-dGuo was observed in tobacco smokers compared with nonsmokers either using simple urinary concentrations or after normalization for creatinine excretion. The mean levels of 8-oxo-dGuo were 1.65ng/ml and the levels normalized to creatinine were 1.72μg/g creatinine. Therefore, stable isotope dilution LC-SRM/MS analysis of urinary 8-oxo-dGuo complements urinary isoprostane (isoP) analysis for assessing tobacco-smoking-induced oxidative stress. This method will be particularly useful for studies that employ polyunsaturated fatty acids, in which a reduction in arachidonic acid precursor could confound isoP measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Mesaros
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Jasbir S. Arora
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Ashley Wholer
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Anil Vachani
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
- Corresponding author: Ian A. Blair, Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 856 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160. Tel: 215-573-9885. Fax: 215-573-9889.
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Ellis JK, Athersuch TJ, Thomas LDK, Teichert F, Pérez-Trujillo M, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ, Singh R, Järup L, Bundy JG, Keun HC. Metabolic profiling detects early effects of environmental and lifestyle exposure to cadmium in a human population. BMC Med 2012; 10:61. [PMID: 22713677 PMCID: PMC3391181 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'exposome' represents the accumulation of all environmental exposures across a lifetime. Top-down strategies are required to assess something this comprehensive, and could transform our understanding of how environmental factors affect human health. Metabolic profiling (metabonomics/metabolomics) defines an individual's metabolic phenotype, which is influenced by genotype, diet, lifestyle, health and xenobiotic exposure, and could also reveal intermediate biomarkers for disease risk that reflect adaptive response to exposure. We investigated changes in metabolism in volunteers living near a point source of environmental pollution: a closed zinc smelter with associated elevated levels of environmental cadmium. METHODS High-resolution ¹H NMR spectroscopy (metabonomics) was used to acquire urinary metabolic profiles from 178 human volunteers. The spectral data were subjected to multivariate and univariate analysis to identify metabolites that were correlated with lifestyle or biological factors. Urinary levels of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine were also measured, using mass spectrometry, as a marker of systemic oxidative stress. RESULTS Six urinary metabolites, either associated with mitochondrial metabolism (citrate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, 4-deoxy-erythronic acid) or one-carbon metabolism (dimethylglycine, creatinine, creatine), were associated with cadmium exposure. In particular, citrate levels retained a significant correlation to urinary cadmium and smoking status after controlling for age and sex. Oxidative stress (as determined by urinary 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine levels) was elevated in individuals with high cadmium exposure, supporting the hypothesis that heavy metal accumulation was causing mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study shows evidence that an NMR-based metabolic profiling study in an uncontrolled human population is capable of identifying intermediate biomarkers of response to toxicants at true environmental concentrations, paving the way for exposome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Ellis
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Toby J Athersuch
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Laura DK Thomas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Friederike Teichert
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Miriam Pérez-Trujillo
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, SeRMN, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Lars Järup
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jacob G Bundy
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Hector C Keun
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
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Lam PM, Mistry V, Marczylo TH, Konje JC, Evans MD, Cooke MS. Rapid measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in human biological matrices using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:2057-63. [PMID: 22542794 PMCID: PMC3404459 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of reactive oxygen species with DNA results in a variety of modifications, including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), which has been extensively studied as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is implicated in a number of pathophysiological processes relevant to obstetrics and gynecology; however, there is a lack of understanding as to the precise role of oxidative stress in these processes. We aimed to develop a rapid, validated assay for the accurate quantification of 8-oxodG in human urine using solid-phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and then investigate the levels of 8-oxodG in several fluids of interest to obstetrics and gynecology. Using UHPLC-MS/MS, 8-oxodG eluted after 3.94 min with an RSD for 15 injections of 0.07%. The method was linear between 0.95 and 95 nmol/L with LOD and LOQ of 5 and 25 fmol on-column, respectively. Accuracy and precision were 98.7-101.0 and <10%, respectively, over three concentrations of 8-oxodG. Recovery from urine was 88% with intra- and interday variations of 4.0 and 10.2%, respectively. LOQ from urine was 0.9 pmol/ml. Rank order from the greatest to lowest 8-oxodG concentration was urine>seminal plasma>amniotic fluid>plasma>serum>peritoneal fluid, and it was not detected in saliva. Urine concentrations normalized to creatinine (n=15) ranged between 0.55 and 1.95 pmol/μmol creatinine. We describe, for the first time, 8-oxodG concentrations in human seminal plasma, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, and breast milk, as well as in urine, plasma, and serum, using a rapid UHPLC-MS/MS method that will further facilitate biomonitoring of oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- 8-oxodg, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine
- hplc, high-performance liquid chromatography
- rsd, relative standard deviation
- spe, solid-phase extraction
- uhplc, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography
- lod, limit of detection
- loq, limit of quantification
- 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine
- mass spectrometry
- human
- biomarkers
- oxidative stress
- dna repair
- oxidatively damaged dna
- urine
- free radicals
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M.W. Lam
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Vilas Mistry
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Timothy H. Marczylo
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK. Fax: +44 116 252 5832.
| | - Justin C. Konje
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Mark D. Evans
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Marcus S. Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK. Fax: +44 116 252 5832.
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Hosozumi C, Toriba A, Chuesaard T, Kameda T, Tang N, Hayakawa K. Analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in human urine using hydrophilic interaction chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 893-894:173-6. [PMID: 22445309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a widely used noninvasive biomarker of oxidative stress. A selective, sensitive and rapid method for determining 8-OHdG in human urine was developed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization. 8-OHdG and isotopically labeled 8-OHdG (internal standard) were separated on a HILIC column with a mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate: acetonitrile (1:9, v/v) within 10 min and detected by using a positive electrospray ionization interface under the selected reaction monitoring mode. The detection limits of 8-OHdG (corresponding to a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) for the HILIC-MS/MS system and the conventional method using a reversed-phase column with MS/MS were 1.0 and 26.0 fmol/injection, respectively. The proposed method makes it possible to monitor the basal level of urinary 8-OHdG from non-exposed healthy subjects and can be used for large-scale human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemi Hosozumi
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types in men. In addition, it is the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA and Canada. Prostate cancer diagnosis is not a precise science yet. Discovery of potential biomarkers for early prostate cancer diagnosis and monitoring is crucially important. LC-MS and CE-MS have been widely used analytical techniques in the biomarker discovery. This review will describe the applications of LC-MS with different ionization techniques, such as ESI, atmospheric-pressure photoionization and atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization, and CE-MS techniques used in prostate cancer biomarker analysis.
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16
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Loft S, Svoboda P, Kawai K, Kasai H, Sørensen M, Tjønneland A, Vogel U, Møller P, Overvad K, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Association between 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine excretion and risk of lung cancer in a prospective study. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:167-72. [PMID: 22044660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage to guanine (8-oxoGua) is one of the most abundant lesions induced by oxidative stress and documented mutagenic. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) removes 8-oxoGua from DNA by excision. The urinary excretion of 8-oxoGua is a biomarker of exposure, reflecting the rate of damage in the steady state. The aim of this study was to investigate urinary 8-oxoGua as a risk factor for lung cancer. In a nested case-cohort design we examined associations between urinary excretion of 8-oxoGua and risk of lung cancer as well as potential interaction with the OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism in a population-based cohort of 25,717 men and 27,972 women aged 50-64 years with 3-7 years follow-up. We included 260 cases with lung cancer and a subcohort of 263 individuals matched on sex, age, and smoking duration for comparison. Urine collected at entry was analysed for 8-oxoGua by HPLC with electrochemical detection. There was no significant effect of smoking or OGG1 genotype on the excretion of 8-oxoGua. Overall the incidence rate ratio (IRR) (95% confidence interval) of lung cancer was 1.06 (0.97-1.15) per doubling of 8-oxoGua excretion. The association between lung cancer risk and 8-oxoGua excretion was significant among men [IRR: 1.17 (1.03-1.31)], never-smokers [IRR: 9.94 (1.04-94.7)], and former smokers [IRR: 1.19 (1.07-1.33)]. There was no significant interaction with the OGG1 genotype, although the IRR was 1.14 (0.98-1.34) among subjects homozygous for Cys326. The association between urinary 8-oxoGua excretion and lung cancer risk among former and never-smokers suggests that oxidative stress with damage to DNA is important in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Quantitative determination of taurine and related biomarkers in urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:763-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Henning SM, Wang P, Heber D. Chemopreventive effects of tea in prostate cancer: green tea versus black tea. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:905-20. [PMID: 21538852 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenol compositions of green tea (GT) and black tea (BT) are very different due to post-harvest processing. GT contains higher concentrations of monomeric polyphenols, which affect numerous intracellular signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer (CaP) development. BT polymers, on the other hand, are poorly absorbed and are converted to phenolic acids by the colonic microflora. Therefore, after consumption of GT, higher concentrations of polyphenols are found in the circulation, whereas after BT consumption the phenolic acid levels in the circulation are higher. The majority of in vitro cell culture, in vivo animal, and clinical intervention studies examine the effects of extracts of GT or purified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on prostate carcinogenesis. These studies provide strong evidence supporting a chemopreventive effect of GT, but results from epidemiological studies of GT consumption are mixed. While the evidence for a chemopreventive effect of BT is much weaker than the body of evidence with regard to GT, there are several animal BT intervention studies demonstrating inhibition of CaP growth. This article will review in detail the available epidemiological and human clinical studies, as well as animal and basic mechanistic studies on GT and BT supporting a chemopreventive role in CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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19
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Bhat SH, Gelhaus SL, Mesaros C, Vachani A, Blair IA. A new liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:115-121. [PMID: 21154658 PMCID: PMC3348551 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a carcinogenic nitrosamine produced upon curing tobacco. It is present in tobacco smoke and undergoes metabolism to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in the lungs. NNAL undergoes further uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated metabolism to give N- and O-glucuronide metabolites, which together with free (non-conjugated) NNAL are then excreted in the urine. The ability to conduct validated analyses of free and conjugated NNAL in human urine is important in order to assess inter-individual differences in lung cancer risk from exposure to cigarette smoke. The use of stable isotope dilution (SID) methodology in combination with liquid chromatography/multiple reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry (LC/MRM-MS) provides the highest bioanalytical specificity possible for such analyses. We describe a novel derivatization procedure, which results in the formation of a pre-ionized N-propyl-NNAL derivative. The increased LC/MS sensitivity arising from this derivative then makes it possible to analyze free NNAL in only 0.25 mL urine. This substantial reduction in urine volume when compared with other methods that have been developed will help preserve the limited amounts of stored urine samples that are available from on-going longitudinal biomarker studies. The new high sensitivity SID LC/MRM-MS assay was employed to determine free and conjugated NNAL concentrations in urine samples from 60 individual disease-free smokers. Effects of inter-individual differences in urinary creatinine clearance on NNAL concentrations were then assessed and three metabolizer phenotypes were identified in the 60 subjects from the ratio of urinary NNAL glucuronides/free NNAL. Poor metabolizers (PMs, 14 subjects) with a ratio of NNAL glucuronides/free NNAL <2 (mean = 1.3), intermediate metabolizers (IMs, 36 subjects) with a ratio between 2 and 5 (mean = 3.4), and extensive metabolizers (EMs, 10 subjects) with a ratio >5 (mean = 11.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Showket H. Bhat
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
| | - Stacy L. Gelhaus
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
| | - Anil Vachani
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4863, USA
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20
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Mistry V, Teichert F, Sandhu JK, Singh R, Evans MD, Farmer PB, Cooke MS. Non-invasive assessment of oxidatively damaged DNA: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 682:279-289. [PMID: 21057935 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-409-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability to non-invasively assess DNA oxidation and its repair, has significant utility in large-scale, population-based studies. Such studies could include the assessments of: the efficacy of antioxidant intervention strategies, pathological roles of DNA oxidation in various disease states and population or interindividual differences in antioxidant defence and DNA repair. The most popular method, to non-invasively assess oxidative insult to the genome is by the analysis of urine for 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), using chromatographic techniques or immunoassay procedures. The provenance of extracellular 8-oxodG remains a subject for debate. However, previous studies have shown that factors, such as diet and cell death, do not appear to contribute to extracellular 8-oxodG, leaving processes, such as the repair of DNA and/or the 2'-deoxyribonucleotide pool, as the sole source of endogenous 8-oxodG. The method in this chapter describes a non-invasive approach for assessing oxidative stress, via the efficient extraction of urinary 8-oxodG using a validated solid-phase extraction procedure. Subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry provides the advantages of sensitivity, internal standardisation, and robust peak identification, and is widely considered to be the "gold standard".
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilas Mistry
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Radiation & Oxidative Stress Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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21
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Tellabati A, Fernandes VE, Teichert F, Singh R, Rylance J, Gordon S, Andrew PW, Grigg J. Acute exposure of mice to high-dose ultrafine carbon black decreases susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:30. [PMID: 20958976 PMCID: PMC2976728 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that inhalation of carbonaceous particulate matter from biomass combustion increases susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia. In vitro studies report that phagocytosis of carbon black by alveolar macrophages (AM) impairs killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We have previously reported high levels of black carbon in AM from biomass smoke-exposed children and adults. We therefore aimed to use a mouse model to test the hypothesis that high levels of carbon loading of AM in vivo increases susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia. METHODS Female outbred mice were treated with either intranasal phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or ultrafine carbon black (UF-CB in PBS; 500 μg on day 1 and day 4), and then infected with S. pneumoniae strain D39 on day 5. Survival was assessed over 72 h. The effect of UF-CB on AM carbon loading, airway inflammation, and a urinary marker of pulmonary oxidative stress was assessed in uninfected animals. RESULTS Instillation of UF-CB in mice resulted a pattern of AM carbon loading similar to that of biomass-smoke exposed humans. In uninfected animals, UF-CB treated animals had increased urinary 8-oxodG (P = 0.055), and an increased airway neutrophil differential count (P < 0.01). All PBS-treated mice died within 72 h after infection with S. pneumoniae, whereas morbidity and mortality after infection was reduced in UF-CB treated animals (median survival 48 h vs. 30 h, P < 0.001). At 24 hr post-infection, UF-CB treated mice had lower lung and the blood S. pneumoniae colony forming unit counts, and lower airway levels of keratinocyte-derived chemokine/growth-related oncogene (KC/GRO), and interferon gamma. CONCLUSION Acute high level loading of AM with ultrafine carbon black particles per se does not increase the susceptibility of mice to pneumococcal infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananth Tellabati
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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22
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Doxorubicin in vivo rapidly alters expression and translation of myocardial electron transport chain genes, leads to ATP loss and caspase 3 activation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12733. [PMID: 20856801 PMCID: PMC2939875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin is one of the most effective anti-cancer drugs but its use is limited by cumulative cardiotoxicity that restricts lifetime dose. Redox damage is one of the most accepted mechanisms of toxicity, but not fully substantiated. Moreover doxorubicin is not an efficient redox cycling compound due to its low redox potential. Here we used genomic and chemical systems approaches in vivo to investigate the mechanisms of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, and specifically test the hypothesis of redox cycling mediated cardiotoxicity. Methodology/Principal Findings Mice were treated with an acute dose of either doxorubicin (DOX) (15 mg/kg) or 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) (25 mg/kg). DMNQ is a more efficient redox cycling agent than DOX but unlike DOX has limited ability to inhibit gene transcription and DNA replication. This allowed specific testing of the redox hypothesis for cardiotoxicity. An acute dose was used to avoid pathophysiological effects in the genomic analysis. However similar data were obtained with a chronic model, but are not specifically presented. All data are deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Pathway and biochemical analysis of cardiac global gene transcription and mRNA translation data derived at time points from 5 min after an acute exposure in vivo showed a pronounced effect on electron transport chain activity. This led to loss of ATP, increased AMPK expression, mitochondrial genome amplification and activation of caspase 3. No data gathered with either compound indicated general redox damage, though site specific redox damage in mitochondria cannot be entirely discounted. Conclusions/Significance These data indicate the major mechanism of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is via damage or inhibition of the electron transport chain and not general redox stress. There is a rapid response at transcriptional and translational level of many of the genes coding for proteins of the electron transport chain complexes. Still though ATP loss occurs with activation caspase 3 and these events probably account for the heart damage.
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Baumann A, Lohmann W, Jahn S, Karst U. On-Line Electrochemistry/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (EC/ESI-MS) for the Generation and Identification of Nucleotide Oxidation Products. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Engström KS, Vahter M, Lindh C, Teichert F, Singh R, Concha G, Nermell B, Farmer PB, Strömberg U, Broberg K. Low 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine levels and influence of genetic background in an Andean population exposed to high levels of arsenic. Mutat Res 2010; 683:98-105. [PMID: 19896490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic (As) causes oxidative stress through generation of reactive oxygen species. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a sensitive marker of oxidative DNA damage, has been associated with As exposure in some studies, but not in others, possibly due to population-specific genetic factors. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between As and 8-oxodG in urine in a population with a low urinary monomethylated As (%MMA) and high dimethylated As (%DMA), as well as the genetic impact on (a) 8-oxodG concentrations and (b) the association between As and 8-oxodG. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women (N=108) in the Argentinean Andes were interviewed and urine was analyzed for arsenic metabolites (ICPMS) and 8-oxodG (LC-MS/MS). Twenty-seven polymorphisms in genes related to oxidative stress and one in As(+III)methyltransferase (AS3MT) were studied. RESULTS Median concentration of 8-oxodG was 4.7 nmol/L (adjusted for specific weight; range 1.6-13, corresponding to 1.7 microg/g creatinine, range 0.57-4.8) and of total urinary As metabolites (U-As) 290 microg/L (range 94-720; 380 microg/g creatinine, range 140-1100). Concentrations of 8-oxodG were positively associated with %MMA (strongest association, p=0.013), and weakly associated with U-As (positively) and %DMA (negatively). These associations were strengthened when taking ethnicity into account, possibly reflecting genetic differences in As metabolism and genes regulating oxidative stress and DNA maintenance. A genetic influence on 8-oxodG concentrations was seen for polymorphisms in apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEX1), DNA-methyltransferases 1 and 3b (DNMT1, DNMT3B), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and 2 (TXNRD2) and glutaredoxin (GLRX). CONCLUSION Despite high As exposure, the concentrations of 8-oxodG in this population were low compared with other As-exposed populations studied. The strongest association was found for %MMA, stressing that some inconsistencies between As and 8-oxodG partly depend on population variations in As metabolism. We found evidence of genetic impact on 8-oxodG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Engström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Parry JD, Pointon AV, Lutz U, Teichert F, Charlwood JK, Chan PH, Athersuch TJ, Taylor EL, Singh R, Luo J, Phillips KM, Vetillard A, Lyon JJ, Keun HC, Lutz WK, Gant TW. Pivotal role for two electron reduction in 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone metabolism and kinetics in vivo that prevents liver redox stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:717-25. [PMID: 19338340 DOI: 10.1021/tx800472z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (CAS-RN 6959-96-3) (DMNQ) and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (CAS-RN 58-27-5) (MNQ:menadione) are effective one electron redox cycling chemicals in vitro. In addition, in vitro MNQ forms a thioether conjugate with glutathione by nucleophilic attack at the third carbon. In contrast, here we demonstrate that in vivo the major metabolic route is directly to the dihydronaphthoquinone for both DMNQ and MNQ followed by conjugation to mono- and di-glucuronides and sulfate. Analysis of urine and bile showed that glutathione conjugation of MNQ was only a very minor route of metabolism. DMNQ was distributed to all tissues including the brain, and MNQ was much less widely distributed. For DMNQ tissue half-life, in particular for the heart, was considerably longer than the plasma half-life. For both DMNQ and MNQ, urine 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and liver transcriptomic analysis failed to show any evidence of redox stress. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in liver increased significantly at the 10 min postdosing time point only. Metabonomic analysis 96 h after DMNQ administration indicated decreased liver glucose and increased lactate and creatine suggesting an impairment of oxidative metabolism. We conclude that in vivo DMNQ and MNQ are primarily two electron reduced to the dihydronaphthoquinones and undergo little one electron redox cycling. For DMNQ, disruption of cellular oxidative metabolism may be a primary mechanism of toxicity rather than redox stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Parry
- Department of Investigative Preclinical Toxicology, Safety Assessment, GSK R&D Ltd., Ware, UK
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