1
|
Fouquet TNJ, Cody RB, Charles L. Degradation strategies for structural characterization of insoluble synthetic polymers by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 39093552 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of soft ionization techniques such as electrospray (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) to produce intact gas-phase ions from nonvolatile macromolecules, mass spectrometry has become an essential technique in the field of polymeric materials. However, (co)polymers of very high molecular weight or with reticulated architectures still escape ESI or MALDI, mainly due to solubility issues. Strategies developed to tackle such an analytical challenge all rely on sample degradation to produce low-mass species amenable to existing ionization methods. Yet, chain degradation needs to be partial and controlled to generate sufficiently large species that still contain topological or architectural information. The present article reviews the different analytical degradation strategies implemented to perform mass spectrometry of these challenging synthetic polymers, covering thermal degradation approaches in sources developed in the 2000s, off-line sample pre-treatments for controlled chemical degradation of polymeric substrates, and most recent achievements employing reactive ionization modes to perform chemolysis on-line with MS.
Collapse
|
2
|
Rapid Identification of Different Cinnamon Using Coated Direct Inlet Probe Coupled with Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-01981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
3
|
Käfer U, Gröger T, Rüger CP, Czech H, Saraji-Bozorgzad M, Wilharm T, Zimmermann R. Direct inlet probe – High-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry as fast technique for the chemical description of complex high-boiling samples. Talanta 2019; 202:308-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
4
|
Zhao ZY, Qin L, Dong M, Zhang YY, Huang XH, Du M, Zhou DY, Zhu BW. High-Throughput, Rapid Quantification of Phthalic Acid Esters and Alkylphenols in Fish Using a Coated Direct Inlet Probe Coupled with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7174-7182. [PMID: 31240931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intake of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) by humans could disturb the metabolism of hormones, induce cancer, and damage the liver and other organs. Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and alkylphenols (APs) are important EDCs and environmental contaminants. With the increasing use of plastics and nonionic surfactants worldwide, PAEs and APs have entered environmental water and accumulated in edible fish, which are finally consumed by humans. In this study, a coated direct inlet probe (CDIP) based on an atmospheric solid analysis probe, which can rapidly and simultaneously extract both PAEs and APs in fish, was developed. Twelve PAEs and APs were quantified by using a stable-isotope-labeled internal standard. Standard curves of the PAEs and APs having correlation coefficients of R2 ≥ 0.9837 were obtained. The limit of detection of the PAEs and APs was distributed from 0.01 to 40 ng g-1. The relative recovery of the method was 78-120% between low, medium, and high spiked levels. Combined with principal component analysis, PAE- and AP-contaminated Carassius auratus from different habitats could be identified. Multiple sample analysis mode allowed the extraction of up to 12 samples at once, and the total analysis time (including sample pretreatment, extraction, and analysis time) was less than 10 min per sample, which indicates that CDIP is useful for rapid quantitative analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Lei Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Meng Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Xu-Hui Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Ming Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brecht D, Uteschil F, Schmitz OJ. Thermogravimetry coupled to an atmospheric pressure photo ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry for the product control of pharmaceutical formulations and the analysis of plasticizers in polymers. Talanta 2019; 198:440-446. [PMID: 30876584 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of a thermogravimetry coupled to an atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry (TG-APPI-MS) with a high temperature and flexible transfer line is presented. A method was developed to analyze plasticizers in solution which consist of a solvent evaporation step and subsequent evaporation of the analyte. These solutions of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in hexane were used to investigate the repeatability (RSD: 3.6%) and linearity (R2: 0.9995) of the new developed system. With the new device the detection of different phthalates in a standardized PVC (polyvinyl chloride) polymer is shown. On the example of ASA, the degradation of a pharmaceutical drug is investigated. The dimerization and the possible trimerization of ASA during the thermal degradation is shown. Ten tablets of different ASA manufacturers were analyzed with the new developed analysis platform. The active substance was found in every tablet. Differences in mass spectral data as well as the studying of the pack insert were used to assign the tablets to companies and their subsidiaries. A unique formulation of ASA was found to have a different mass pattern when analyzed with TG-APPI-qMS. The developed device is a promising tool for the product control and the identification of falsified drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brecht
- Department of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Uteschil
- Department of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Department of Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu H, Zhang H, Chingin K, Xiong J, Fang X, Chen H. Ambient mass spectrometry for food science and industry. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
7
|
Kuklya A, Coban L, Uteschil F, Kerpen K, Telgheder U. Direct inlet probe ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 180:61-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
8
|
Quantitative Analysis of Bisphenol A in Recycled Paper with a Novel Direct Inlet Probe-Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization–IonTrap-MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-017-0034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Viehbeck S, Matysik FM. Application of direct analysis in real time (DART) and direct inlet probe (DIP-APCI) mass spectrometry in the context of industrial sample analysis. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Lenzen C, Winterfeld GA, Schmitz OJ. Comparison of piracetam measured with HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS, DIP-APCI-MS, and a newly developed and optimized DIP-ESI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4103-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Driffield M, Bradley E, Castle L, Lloyd A, Parmar M, Speck D, Roberts D, Stead S. Use of atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe time-of-flight mass spectrometry to screen for plasticisers in gaskets used in contact with foods. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1603-1610. [PMID: 28339155 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Plasticisers are used in the PVC gaskets of metal closures on glass jars and bottles used for foods and beverages. They may migrate and so contaminate the packed foodstuff. The plasticisers are present in a high proportion and are often a complex mixture of substances leading to time-consuming analytical methodologies. This work describes a rapid screening method to identify the plasticisers used. METHODS Analysis was carried out by direct sampling of the gaskets using atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe (ASAP) with time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) using a SYNAPT G2 HDMS system. The accurate mass information collected was then compared to a user-prepared database of plasticisers to aid identification. RESULTS The rapid identification approach was shown to be successful for 24 gasket samples previously analysed by alternative more lengthy gas chromatographic (GC) methods. Quantification by dissolution followed by standard addition was also demonstrated to be reliable. CONCLUSIONS The ASAP-TOFMS method is a useful technique for rapidly screening gaskets for the presence of plasticisers. It can be used to identify specific gaskets deserving of further quantitative analysis by chromatographic methods, saving time and money by avoiding unnecessary analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Driffield
- Fera Science Ltd (Fera), National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Emma Bradley
- Fera Science Ltd (Fera), National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Laurence Castle
- Fera Science Ltd (Fera), National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Antony Lloyd
- Fera Science Ltd (Fera), National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Mita Parmar
- Fera Science Ltd (Fera), National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Dennis Speck
- Fera Science Ltd (Fera), National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Dominic Roberts
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altringham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Sara Stead
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altringham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schulz S, Wagner S, Gerbig S, Wächter H, Sielaff D, Bohn D, Spengler B. DESI MS based screening method for phthalates in consumer goods. Analyst 2015; 140:3484-91. [PMID: 25827613 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are used as plasticizes in many everyday items, but some of them are known as hormone disruptors, being especially harmful during childhood. The European Union therefore restricted their application in children's toys and certain food packaging to 0.1%w. Due to the ever increasing number of plastic-containing consumer goods, rapid screening methods are needed to ensure and improve consumer safety in the future. In this study we evaluated the performance of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) for rapid quantitative screening of phthalates in toys. DESI allowed for direct surface sampling of the toys under atmospheric conditions with minimal sample preparation, while the high performance mass spectrometer used provided a high sensitivity and reliable identification via accurate mass measurements, high mass resolving power and MS/MS capabilities. External calibration curves for six banned phthalates (DBP, BBP, DEHP, DNOP, DINP and DIDP) were obtained from matrix-matched reference materials. Coefficients of determination were greater than 0.985, LOQs ranged from 0.02%w (DIDP) to 2.26%w (DINP) and the relative standard deviation of the calibration curve slope was less than 7.8% for intraday and 11.4% for interday comparison. The phthalate contents of eleven authentic samples were determined in a proof-of-concept approach using DESI MS and results were compared to those from confirmatory methods. The phthalate content was correctly assigned with relative deviations ranging from -20% to +10% for the majority of samples. Given further optimization and automation, DESI MS is likely to become a useful tool for rapid and accurate phthalate screening in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|