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Deb S, Lewicka-Szczebak D, Rohe L. Microbial nitrogen transformations tracked by natural abundance isotope studies and microbiological methods: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172073. [PMID: 38554959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in the environment that exists in multiple oxidation states in nature. Numerous microbial processes are involved in its transformation. Knowledge about very complex N cycling has been growing rapidly in recent years, with new information about associated isotope effects and about the microbes involved in particular processes. Furthermore, molecular methods that are able to detect and quantify particular processes are being developed, applied and combined with other analytical approaches, which opens up new opportunities to enhance understanding of nitrogen transformation pathways. This review presents a summary of the microbial nitrogen transformation, including the respective isotope effects of nitrogen and oxygen on different nitrogen-bearing compounds (including nitrates, nitrites, ammonia and nitrous oxide), and the microbiological characteristics of these processes. It is supplemented by an overview of molecular methods applied for detecting and quantifying the activity of particular enzymes involved in N transformation pathways. This summary should help in the planning and interpretation of complex research studies applying isotope analyses of different N compounds and combining microbiological and isotopic methods in tracking complex N cycling, and in the integration of these results in modelling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Deb
- Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, pl. M. Borna 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Lena Rohe
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Zhou X, Li H, Wang A, Gurmesa GA, Wang X, Chen X, Zhang C. Effect of increased carbon load on denitrification efficiency and nitrate isotope enrichment factors in subsurface wastewater infiltration system. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10849. [PMID: 36856133 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification plays a dominant role in nitrate removal in subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS). However, the effect of increased carbon (C) load on denitrification efficiency in the SWIS remain unclear. In this study, we used analyses of stable isotopes of nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) in nitrate to investigate the N and O isotope enrichment factors (15 ε and 18 ε) and quantified N losses via denitrification in SWIS. The results demonstrated that an increase in C loads positively affected the pollutant removal performance of SWIS. The natural abundance of 15 N and 18 O increased with decreasing nitrate concentration from 12.5 to 7.3 mg/L, accompanied by increased 15 ε and 18 ε from -8.7‰ to -10.6‰ and -5.9‰ to -8.2‰, respectively, as the C load increased from 18 to 36 g/(m2 d). The contribution of denitrification to nitrate removal was 62%, 71%, and 77% when C loads were 18, 27, and 36 g/(m2 d), respectively, indicating that increased C loads could improve the nitrate removal through denitrification in SWIS. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Increasing C loads positively affected the nitrate removal performance of SWIS. N and O isotope enrichment factors of nitrate increased with the enhancement of influent C load. A C load of 36 g/(m2 d) is recommended in SWIS to improve the N removal performance and denitrification efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulun Zhou
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- School of Energy and Water Resources, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Karlowsky S, Buchen-Tschiskale C, Odasso L, Schwarz D, Well R. Sources of nitrous oxide emissions from hydroponic tomato cultivation: Evidence from stable isotope analyses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1080847. [PMID: 36687587 PMCID: PMC9845576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1080847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hydroponic vegetable cultivation is characterized by high intensity and frequent nitrogen fertilizer application, which is related to greenhouse gas emissions, especially in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O). So far, there is little knowledge about the sources of N2O emissions from hydroponic systems, with the few studies indicating that denitrification could play a major role. Methods Here, we use evidence from an experiment with tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) grown in a hydroponic greenhouse setup to further shed light into the process of N2O production based on the N2O isotopocule method and the 15N tracing approach. Gas samples from the headspace of rock wool substrate were collected prior to and after 15N labeling at two occasions using the closed chamber method and analyzed by gas chromatography and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Results The isotopocule analyses revealed that either heterotrophic bacterial denitrification (bD) or nitrifier denitrification (nD) was the major source of N2O emissions, when a typical nutrient solution with a low ammonium concentration (1-6 mg L-1) was applied. Furthermore, the isotopic shift in 15N site preference and in δ18O values indicated that approximately 80-90% of the N2O produced were already reduced to N2 by denitrifiers inside the rock wool substrate. Despite higher concentrations of ammonium present during the 15N labeling (30-60 mg L-1), results from the 15N tracing approach showed that N2O mainly originated from bD. Both, 15N label supplied in the form of ammonium and 15N label supplied in the form of nitrate, increased the 15N enrichment of N2O. This pointed to the contribution of other processes than bD. Nitrification activity was indicated by the conversion of small amounts of 15N-labeled ammonium into nitrate. Discussion/Conclusion Comparing the results from N2O isotopocule analyses and the 15N tracing approach, likely a combination of bD, nD, and coupled nitrification and denitrification (cND) was responsible for the vast part of N2O emissions observed in this study. Overall, our findings help to better understand the processes underlying N2O and N2 emissions from hydroponic tomato cultivation, and thereby facilitate the development of targeted N2O mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Karlowsky
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Großbeeren, Germany,*Correspondence: Stefan Karlowsky, ✉
| | - Caroline Buchen-Tschiskale
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luca Odasso
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schwarz
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Großbeeren, Germany,Operation Mercy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reinhard Well
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
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Tang Z, Liu X, Li G, Liu X. Mechanism of biochar on nitrification and denitrification to N 2O emissions based on isotope characteristic values. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113219. [PMID: 35390305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism of biochar on nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions in farmland soil, the effects of combined application of biochar and different nitrogen sources on the contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions were studied using isotope characteristic values. The results showed that the soil N2O emissions from ammonium nitrogen fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that from nitrate nitrogen fertilizer treatments. The biochar combined with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer reduced soil N2O emissions by 31.0%-30.8%, and biochar combined with nitrate nitrogen fertilizer reduced soil N2O emissions by 70.6%-63.0%. The isotope model showed that the application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer was more favorable for soil nitrification in the early stage of the experiment (0-2 d), and more favorable for denitrification in the middle and later stages of the experiment (3-17 d). Application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer enhanced the nitrification of soil nitrifying bacteria in the early and middle stages of the experiment (0-8 d), and the denitrification of soil denitrifying bacteria in the later stage of the experiment (9-17 d). The effects of biochar on N2O emissions were mainly in the middle and later stages of the experiment by promoting the nitrification of nitrifying bacteria and inhibiting denitrification of denitrifying bacteria, so as to reduce N2O emission in soil. These results may help to understand the mitigation mechanism of biochar on N2O emission in upland soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanming Tang
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingren Liu
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Guichun Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaowan Liu
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Liu H, Zeng W, Li J, Zhan M, Fan Z, Peng Y. Effect of S 2O 32--S addition on Anammox coupling sulfur autotrophic denitrification and mechanism analysis using N and O dual isotope effects. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118404. [PMID: 35462259 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) coupling sulfur autotrophic denitrification is an effective method for the advanced nitrogen removal from the wastewater with limited carbon source. The influence of S2O32--S addition on Anammox coupling sulfur autotrophic denitrification was investigated by adding different concentrations of S2O32--S (0, 39, 78, 156 and 312 mg/L) to the Anammox system. The contribution of sulfur autotrophic denitrification and Anammox to nitrogen removal at S2O32--S concentrations of 156 mg/L was 75% ∼83% and 17%∼25%, respectively, and the mixed system achieved completely nitrogen removal. However, Anammox bioactivity was completely inhibited at S2O32--S concentrations up to 312 mg/L, and only sulfur autotrophic denitrification occurred. The isotopic effects of NO2--N (δ15NNO2 and δ18ONO2) and NO3--N (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) during Anammox coupling sulfur autotrophic denitrification showed a gradual decrease trend with the increase of S2O32--S addition. The ratios of δ15NNO2:δ18ONO2 and δ15NNO3:δ18ONO3 was maintained at 1.30-2.41 and 1.36-2.52, respectively, which revealed that Anammox was dominant nitrogen removal pathway at S2O32--S concentrations less than 156 mg/L. Microbial diversity gradually decreased with the increase of S2O32--S. The S2O32--S addition enhanced the S2O32--driven autotrophic denitrification and weakened the Anammox, leading to a gradually decreasing trend of the proportion of Candidatus Brocadia as Anammox bacteria from the initial 27% to 4% (S2O32--S of 156 mg/L). Yet Norank-f-Hydrogenophilaceae (more than 50%) and Thiobacillus (54%) as functional bacteria of autotrophic denitrification obviously increased. The appropriate amount of S2O32--S addition promoted the performance of Anammox coupling sulfur autotrophic denitrification achieved completely nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Jianmin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mengjia Zhan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
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Zheng Q, Ding J, Lin W, Yao Z, Li Q, Xu C, Zhuang S, Kou X, Li Y. The influence of soil acidification on N 2O emissions derived from fungal and bacterial denitrification using dual isotopocule mapping and acetylene inhibition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119076. [PMID: 35240268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification, as both origins and sinks of N2O, occurs extensively, and is of critical importance for regulating N2O emissions in acidified soils. However, whether soil acidification stimulates N2O emissions, and if so for what reason contributes to stimulate the emissions is uncertain and how the N2O fractions from fungal (ffD) and bacterial (fbD) denitrification change with soil pH is unclear. Thus, a pH gradient (6.2, 7.1, 8.7) was set via manipulating cropland soils (initial pH 8.7) in North China to illustrate the effect of soil acidification on fungal and bacterial denitrification after the addition of KNO3 and glucose. For source partitioning, we used and compared SP/δ18O mapping approach (SP/δ18O MAP) and acetylene inhibition technique combined isotope two endmember mixing model (AIT-IEM). The results showed significantly higher N2O emissions in the acidified soils (pH 6.2 and pH 7.1) compared with the initial soil (pH 8.7). The cumulative N2O emissions during the whole incubation period (15 days) ranged from 7.1 mg N kg-1 for pH 8.7-18.9 mg N kg-1 for pH 6.2. With the addition of glucose, relative to treatments without glucose, this emission also increased with the decrement of pH values, and were significantly stimulated. Similarly, the highest N2O emissions and N2O/(N2O + N2) ratios (rN2O) were observed in the pH 6.2 treatment. But the difference was the highest cumulative N2O + N2 emissions, which were recorded in the pH 7.1 treatment based on SP/δ18O MAP. Based on both approaches, ffD values slightly increased with the acidification of soil, and bacterial denitrification was the dominant pathway in all treatments. The SP/δ18O MAP data indicated that both the rN2O and ffD were lower compared to AIT-IEM. It has been known for long that low pH may lead to high rN2O of denitrification and ffD, but our documentation of a pervasive pH-control of rN2O and ffD by utilizing combined SP/δ18O MAP and AIT-IEM is new. The results of the evaluated N2O emissions by acidified soils are finely explained by high rN2O and enhanced ffD. We argue that soil pH management should be high on the agenda for mitigating N2O emissions in the future, particularly for regions where long-term excessive nitrogen fertilizer is likely to acidify the soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Environmental Stable Isotope Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Zhipeng Yao
- Management Service Center of Shandong Binzhou National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinyue Kou
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuzhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Environmental Stable Isotope Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Yu L, Harris E, Lewicka-Szczebak D, Barthel M, Blomberg MRA, Harris SJ, Johnson MS, Lehmann MF, Liisberg J, Müller C, Ostrom NE, Six J, Toyoda S, Yoshida N, Mohn J. What can we learn from N 2 O isotope data? - Analytics, processes and modelling. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8858. [PMID: 32548934 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The isotopic composition of nitrous oxide (N2 O) provides useful information for evaluating N2 O sources and budgets. Due to the co-occurrence of multiple N2 O transformation pathways, it is, however, challenging to use isotopic information to quantify the contribution of distinct processes across variable spatiotemporal scales. Here, we present an overview of recent progress in N2 O isotopic studies and provide suggestions for future research, mainly focusing on: analytical techniques; production and consumption processes; and interpretation and modelling approaches. Comparing isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) with laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS), we conclude that IRMS is a precise technique for laboratory analysis of N2 O isotopes, while LAS is more suitable for in situ/inline studies and offers advantages for site-specific analyses. When reviewing the link between the N2 O isotopic composition and underlying mechanisms/processes, we find that, at the molecular scale, the specific enzymes and mechanisms involved determine isotopic fractionation effects. In contrast, at plot-to-global scales, mixing of N2 O derived from different processes and their isotopic variability must be considered. We also find that dual isotope plots are effective for semi-quantitative attribution of co-occurring N2 O production and reduction processes. More recently, process-based N2 O isotopic models have been developed for natural abundance and 15 N-tracing studies, and have been shown to be effective, particularly for data with adequate temporal resolution. Despite the significant progress made over the last decade, there is still great need and potential for future work, including development of analytical techniques, reference materials and inter-laboratory comparisons, further exploration of N2 O formation and destruction mechanisms, more observations across scales, and design and validation of interpretation and modelling approaches. Synthesizing all these efforts, we are confident that the N2 O isotope community will continue to advance our understanding of N2 O transformation processes in all spheres of the Earth, and in turn to gain improved constraints on regional and global budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Yu
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Eliza Harris
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak
- Centre for Stable Isotope Research and Analysis (KOSI), Büsgen Institute, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matti Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Margareta R A Blomberg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Harris
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Moritz F Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jesper Liisberg
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology (IFZ), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Giessen, 35392, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel E Ostrom
- Department of Integrative Biology and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sakae Toyoda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Joachim Mohn
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
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Lin W, Ding J, Xu C, Zheng Q, Zhuang S, Mao L, Li Q, Liu X, Li Y. Evaluation of N 2O sources after fertilizers application in vegetable soil by dual isotopocule plots approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109818. [PMID: 32599391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is the major deriver of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in agricultural soil. In the vegetable fields in China both inorganic and organic fertilizers are largely applied as basic sources of nitrogen. Identifying the effects of fertilizer type on soil microbial activities involved in N2O emissions would be of great help for future development of N2O reduction strategies. N2O isotopocule deltas, including δ15Nbulk, δ18O and SP (the 15N site preference in N2O), have been used to analyze microbial pathways of N2O production under different treatments, including bio-organic fertilizer treatment, half bio-organic fertilizer and half urea (mixed fertilizer) treatment, urea treatment and no fertilizer treatment. We measured environmental factors, N2O fluxes and N2O isotopocule deltas to evaluate the dynamics of N2O emissions and constructed the dual isotopocule plots (δ15Nbulk vs. SP and δ18O vs. SP) of the main N2O emission phases to assess contribution of the involved microbial processes (bacterial nitrification, bacterial denitrification, nitrifier denitrification and fungal denitrification). According to the results of the main N2O emission phases, we found that bio-organic fertilizer and mix fertilizer treatments had significantly lower N2O emissions compared to urea treatment, with average N2O fluxes of 1477 ± 204, 1243 ± 187 and 1941 ± 164 μg m-3 h-1, respectively, but there were no significant effects on mineral N and cabbage yield. In addition, the urea treatment and the mixed fertilizer treatment had close and higher nitrogen use efficiency. Furthermore, the δ18O vs. SP plot was useful for providing insight into microbial processes, showing that fungal denitrification/bacterial nitrification was the dominant microbial pathway and bio-organic fertilizer and mix fertilizer treatments had higher denitrification and N2O reduction compared to urea treatment. Those findings demonstrated that the partial replacement of urea with bio-organic fertilizer was a better choice, by means of enhancing denitrification to reduce N2O emissions and also guaranteeing the nitrogen use efficiency and the cabbage yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China; Environmental Stable Isotope Lab., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Junjun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lili Mao
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuzhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Environmental Stable Isotope Lab., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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9
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Wu D, Well R, Cárdenas LM, Fuß R, Lewicka-Szczebak D, Köster JR, Brüggemann N, Bol R. Quantifying N 2O reduction to N 2 during denitrification in soils via isotopic mapping approach: Model evaluation and uncertainty analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108806. [PMID: 31627026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The last step of denitrification, i.e. the reduction of N2O to N2, has been intensively studied in the laboratory to understand the denitrification process, predict nitrogen fertiliser losses, and to establish mitigation strategies for N2O. However, assessing N2 production via denitrification at large spatial scales is still not possible due to lack of reliable quantitative approaches. Here, we present a novel numerical "mapping approach" model using the δ15Nsp/δ18O slope that has been proposed to potentially be used to indirectly quantify N2O reduction to N2 at field or larger spatial scales. We evaluate the model using data obtained from seven independent soil incubation studies conducted under a He-O2 atmosphere. Furthermore, we analyse the contribution of different parameters to the uncertainty of the model. The model performance strongly differed between studies and incubation conditions. Re-evaluation of the previous data set demonstrated that using soils-specific instead of default endmember values could largely improve model performance. Since the uncertainty of modelled N2O reduction was relatively high, further improvements to estimate model parameters to obtain more precise estimations remain an on-going matter, e.g. by determination of soil-specific isotope fractionation factors and isotopocule endmember values of N2O production processes using controlled laboratory incubations. The applicability of the mapping approach model is promising with an increasing availability of real-time and field based analysis of N2O isotope signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Well
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Roland Fuß
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Jan Reent Köster
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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10
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Denk TRA, Kraus D, Kiese R, Butterbach-Bahl K, Wolf B. Constraining N cycling in the ecosystem model LandscapeDNDC with the stable isotope model SIMONE. Ecology 2019; 100:e02675. [PMID: 30821344 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The isotopic composition (ic) of soil nitrogen (N) and, more recently, the intramolecular distribution of 15 N in the N2 O molecule (site preference, SP) are powerful instruments to identify dominant N turnover processes, and to attribute N2 O emissions to their source processes. Despite the process information contained in the ic of N species and the associated potential for model validation, the implementation of isotopes in ecosystem models has lagged behind. To foster the validation of ecosystem models based on the ic of N species, we developed the stable isotope model for nutrient cycles (SIMONE). SIMONE uses fluxes between ecosystem N pools (soil organic N, mineral N, plants, microbes) calculated by biogeochemical models, and literature isotope effects for these processes to calculate the ic of N species. Here, we present the concept of SIMONE, apply it to simulations of the biogeochemical model LandscapeDNDC, and assess the capability of 15 N-N2 O and, to our knowledge for the first time, SP, to constrain simulated N fluxes by LandscapeDNDC. LandscapeDNDC successfully simulated N2 O emission, soil nitrate, and ammonium, as well as soil environmental conditions of an intensively managed grassland site in Switzerland. Accordingly, the dynamics of 15 N-N2 O and SP of soil N2 O fluxes as simulated by SIMONE agreed well with measurements, though 15 N-N2 O was on average underestimated and SP overestimated (root-mean-square error [RMSE] of 8.4‰ and 7.3‰, respectively). Although 15 N-N2 O could not constrain the N cycling process descriptions of LandscapeDNDC, the overestimation of SP indicated an overestimation of simulated nitrification rates by 10-59% at low water content, suggesting the revision of the corresponding model parameterization. Our findings show that N isotope modeling in combination with only recently available high- frequency measurements of the N2 O ic are promising tools to identify and address weaknesses in N cycling of ecosystem models. This will finally contribute to augmenting the development of model-based strategies for mitigating N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias R A Denk
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - David Kraus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Ralf Kiese
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wolf
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
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11
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Castellano‐Hinojosa A, Loick N, Dixon E, Matthews GP, Lewicka‐Szczebak D, Well R, Bol R, Charteris A, Cardenas L. Improved isotopic model based on 15 N tracing and Rayleigh-type isotope fractionation for simulating differential sources of N 2 O emissions in a clay grassland soil. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:449-460. [PMID: 30561863 PMCID: PMC6492082 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isotopic signatures of N2 O can help distinguish between two sources (fertiliser N or endogenous soil N) of N2 O emissions. The contribution of each source to N2 O emissions after N-application is difficult to determine. Here, isotopologue signatures of emitted N2 O are used in an improved isotopic model based on Rayleigh-type equations. METHODS The effects of a partial (33% of surface area, treatment 1c) or total (100% of surface area, treatment 3c) dispersal of N and C on gaseous emissions from denitrification were measured in a laboratory incubation system (DENIS) allowing simultaneous measurements of NO, N2 O, N2 and CO2 over a 12-day incubation period. To determine the source of N2 O emissions those results were combined with both the isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of the isotopocules of emitted N2 O and those from the 15 N-tracing technique. RESULTS The spatial dispersal of N and C significantly affected the quantity, but not the timing, of gas fluxes. Cumulative emissions are larger for treatment 3c than treatment 1c. The 15 N-enrichment analysis shows that initially ~70% of the emitted N2 O derived from the applied amendment followed by a constant decrease. The decrease in contribution of the fertiliser N-pool after an initial increase is sooner and larger for treatment 1c. The Rayleigh-type model applied to N2 O isotopocules data (δ15 Nbulk -N2 O values) shows poor agreement with the measurements for the original one-pool model for treatment 1c; the two-pool models gives better results when using a third-order polynomial equation. In contrast, in treatment 3c little difference is observed between the two modelling approaches. CONCLUSIONS The importance of N2 O emissions from different N-pools in soil for the interpretation of N2 O isotopocules data was demonstrated using a Rayleigh-type model. Earlier statements concerning exponential increase in native soil nitrate pool activity highlighted in previous studies should be replaced with a polynomial increase with dependency on both N-pool sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Castellano‐Hinojosa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Granada. Campus Cartuja18071GranadaSpain
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic SystemsEstación Experimental del Zaidín18080GranadaSpain
| | - Nadine Loick
- Rothamsted Research, North WykeOkehamptonEX20 2SBUK
| | | | - G. Peter Matthews
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PlymouthDavy Building, Drake CircusPlymouthPL4 8AAUK
| | | | - Reinhard Well
- Thünen Institute of Climate‐Smart AgricultureBundesallee 6538116BraunschweigGermany
| | - Roland Bol
- Agrosphere (IBG‐3)Institute of Bio‐ and GeosciencesForschungszentrum Jülich52428JülichGermany
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12
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Meghdadi A, Javar N. Evaluation of nitrate sources and the percent contribution of bacterial denitrification in hyporheic zone using isotope fractionation technique and multi-linear regression analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 222:54-65. [PMID: 29802986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification has documented as a promising pathway to permanently remove nitrate from a system. Numerous studies have used the isotope fractionation technique (IFT) to evaluate the denitrification rate in the constructed wetlands (CWs), but the potential of IFT method to quantify the denitrification rate in hyporheic zone (saturated sediments beneath a stream) is still challenging. Thus, more studies are required to investigate that if measurements of the natural abundance of δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- (IFT) can be employed to calculate the fate of nitrate in hyporheic zone. Therefore, in this study, the possibility of the IFT to quantify the hyporheic-denitrification rate was investigated. Then, the results were verified by the combined application of the pre-established net Sediment N2 flux and multi-linear regression analysis (p < 0.01). Finally, the groundwater bacterial groups (Fecal coliform (FC) and Escherichia coli (EC)), and the mass balance isotope mixing model were used to investigate the dominant sources of hyporheic-nitrate. The IFT reveals that denitrification contributes 74.1% and 29.1% of the hyporheic-nitrate removal during dry and wet seasons, respectively. The multi-linear regression analysis, considering at 99% confidence interval (R2 = 92.1%; n = 44; p < 0.01), slightly overestimates the rate and the percent contribution of denitrification in the dry season (475.15 ± 101.18 μmol/m2d; 80.7%) and underestimates it during the wet season (205.072 ± 35.39 μmol/m2d; 24.01%). The analysis of EC and FC demonstrates that manure (41.9 ± 4.2%) and sewage (54.1 ± 8.9%) are the dominant contributors of the hyporheic-nitrate load. In addition, the results achieved by the analysis of the fecal bacterial indicators (EC and FC) were confirmed by NO3-/Cl- vs Cl- diagram. This study provides an alternative-initiative framework to accurately quantify the spatio-seasonal variations in the hyporheic-nitrate sources and hyporheic-denitrification rate that enables decision-makers to apply appropriate and targeted strategies to regulate nitrate load in river-aquifer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminreza Meghdadi
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Earth Environmental and Biological Science, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, 4001, QLD, Australia.
| | - Narmin Javar
- School of Environmental and Biological Science (SEBS), Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
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13
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Wang A, Fang Y, Chen D, Phillips O, Koba K, Zhu W, Zhu J. High nitrogen isotope fractionation of nitrate during denitrification in four forest soils and its implications for denitrification rate estimates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1078-1088. [PMID: 29758860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification is a major process contributing to the removal of nitrogen (N) from ecosystems, but its rate is difficult to quantify. The natural abundance of isotopes can be used to identify the occurrence of denitrification and has recently been used to quantify denitrification rates at the ecosystem level. However, the technique requires an understanding of the isotopic enrichment factor associated with denitrification, which few studies have investigated in forest soils. Here, soils collected from two tropical and two temperate forests in China were incubated under anaerobic or aerobic laboratory conditions for two weeks to determine the N and oxygen (O) isotope enrichment factors during denitrification. We found that at room temperature (20°C), NO3- was reduced at a rate of 0.17 to 0.35μgNg-1h-1, accompanied by the isotope fractionation of N (15ε) and O (18ε) of 31‰ to 65‰ (48.3±2.0‰ on average) and 11‰ to 39‰ (18.9±1.7‰ on average), respectively. The N isotope effects were, unexpectedly, much higher than reported in the literature for heterotrophic denitrification (typically ranging from 5‰ to 30‰) and in other environmental settings (e.g., groundwater, marine sediments and agricultural soils). In addition, the ratios of Δδ18O:Δδ15N ranged from 0.28 to 0.60 (0.38±0.02 on average), which were lower than the canonical ratios of 0.5 to 1 for denitrification reported in other terrestrial and freshwater systems. We suggest that the isotope effects of denitrification for soils may vary greatly among regions and soil types and that gaseous N losses may have been overestimated for terrestrial ecosystems in previous studies in which lower fractionation factors were applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China; Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Dexiang Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | | | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Weixing Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Jiaojun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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14
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Buchen C, Lewicka-Szczebak D, Flessa H, Well R. Estimating N 2 O processes during grassland renewal and grassland conversion to maize cropping using N 2 O isotopocules. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1053-1067. [PMID: 29603803 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Enhanced nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions can occur following grassland break-up for renewal or conversion to maize cropping, but knowledge about N2 O production pathways and N2 O reduction to N2 is very limited. A promising tool to address this is the combination of mass spectrometric analysis of N2 O isotopocules and an enhanced approach for data interpretation. METHODS The isotopocule mapping approach was applied to field data using a δ15 NspN2O and δ18 ON2O map to simultaneously determine N2 O production pathways contribution and N2 O reduction for the first time. Based on the isotopic composition of N2 O produced and literature values for specific N2 O pathways, it was possible to distinguish: (i) heterotrophic bacterial denitrification and/or nitrifier denitrification and (ii) nitrification and/or fungal denitrification and the contribution of N2 O reduction. RESULTS The isotopic composition of soil-emitted N2 O largely resembled the known end-member values for bacterial denitrification. The isotopocule mapping approach indicated different effects of N2 O reduction on the isotopic composition of soil-emitted N2 O for the two soils under study. Differing N2 O production pathways in different seasons were not observed, but management events and soil conditions had a significant impact on pathway contribution and N2 O reduction. N2 O reduction data were compared with a parallel 15 N-labelling experiment. CONCLUSIONS The field application of the isotopocule mapping approach opens up new prospects for studying N2 O production and consumption of N2 O in soil simultaneously based on mass spectrometric analysis of natural abundance N2 O. However, further studies are needed in order to properly validate the isotopocule mapping approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Buchen
- Thünen-Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Muencheberg, Germany
| | | | - Heinz Flessa
- Thünen-Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Well
- Thünen-Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
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Maeda K, Toyoda S, Philippot L, Hattori S, Nakajima K, Ito Y, Yoshida N. Relative Contribution of nirK- and nirS- Bacterial Denitrifiers as Well as Fungal Denitrifiers to Nitrous Oxide Production from Dairy Manure Compost. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14083-14091. [PMID: 29182319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The relative contribution of fungi, bacteria, and nirS and nirK denirifiers to nitrous oxide (N2O) emission with unknown isotopic signature from dairy manure compost was examined by selective inhibition techniques. Chloramphenicol (CHP), cycloheximide (CYH), and diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDTC) were used to suppress the activity of bacteria, fungi, and nirK-possessing denitrifiers, respectively. Produced N2O were surveyed to isotopocule analysis, and its 15N site preference (SP) and δ18O values were compared. Bacteria, fungi, nirS, and nirK gene abundances were compared by qPCR. The results showed that N2O production was strongly inhibited by CHP addition in surface pile samples (82.2%) as well as in nitrite-amended core samples (98.4%), while CYH addition did not inhibit the N2O production. N2O with unknown isotopic signature (SP = 15.3-16.2‰), accompanied by δ18O (19.0-26.8‰) values which were close to bacterial denitrification, was also suppressed by CHP and DDTC addition (95.3%) indicating that nirK denitrifiers were responsible for this N2O production despite being less abundant than nirS denitrifiers. Altogether, our results suggest that bacteria are important for N2O production with different SP values both from compost surface and pile core. However, further work is required to decipher whether N2O with unknown isotopic signature is mostly due to nirK denitrifiers that are taxonomically different from the SP-characterized strains and therefore have different SP values rather than also being interwoven with the contribution of the NO-detoxifying pathway and/or of co-denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Maeda
- NARO, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Dairy Research Division , 1 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - Sakae Toyoda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Instititute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Laurent Philippot
- INRA, UMR 1229, Soil and Environmental Microbiology , 17 rue Sully BP 86510, Dijon 21065 Cedex, France
| | - Shohei Hattori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Instititute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakajima
- NARO, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Dairy Research Division , 1 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito
- NARO, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Dairy Research Division , 1 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Instititute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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16
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Rohe L, Well R, Lewicka-Szczebak D. Use of oxygen isotopes to differentiate between nitrous oxide produced by fungi or bacteria during denitrification. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1297-1312. [PMID: 28556299 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fungal denitrifiers can contribute substantially to N2 O emissions from arable soil and show a distinct site preference for N2 O (SP(N2 O)). This study sought to identify another process-specific isotopic tool to improve precise identification of N2 O of fungal origin by mass spectrometric analysis of the N2 O produced. METHODS Three pure bacterial and three fungal species were incubated under denitrifying conditions in treatments with natural abundance and stable isotope labelling to analyse the N2 O produced. Combining different applications of isotope ratio mass spectrometry enabled us to estimate the oxygen (O) exchange accelerated by denitrifying enzymes and the ongoing microbial pathway in parallel. This experimental set-up allowed the determination of δ18 O(N2 O) values and isotopic fractionation of O, as well as SP(N2 O) values, as a perspective to differentiate between microbial denitrifiers. RESULTS Oxygen exchange during N2 O production was lower for bacteria than for fungi, differed between species, and depended also on incubation time. Apparent O isotopic fractionation during denitrification was in a similar range for bacteria and fungi, but application of the fractionation model indicated that different enzymes in bacteria and fungi were responsible for O exchange. This difference was associated with different isotopic fractionation for bacteria and fungi. CONCLUSIONS δ18 O(N2 O) values depend on isotopic fractionation and isotopic fractionation may differ between processes and organism groups. By comparing SP(N2 O) values, O exchange and the isotopic signature of precursors, we propose here a novel tool for differentiating between different sources of N2 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rohe
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Well
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Schorpp Q, Riggers C, Lewicka-Szczebak D, Giesemann A, Well R, Schrader S. Influence of Lumbricus terrestris and Folsomia candida on N 2 O formation pathways in two different soils - with particular focus on N 2 emissions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2301-2314. [PMID: 27510404 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The gaseous N losses mediated by soil denitrifiers are generally inferred by measuring N2 O fluxes, but should include associated N2 emissions, which may be affected by abiotic soil characteristics and biotic interactions. Soil fauna, particularly anecic earthworms and euedaphic collembola, alter the activity of denitrifiers, creating hotspots for denitrification. These soil fauna are abundant in perennial agroecosystems intended to contribute to more sustainable production of bioenergy. METHODS Two microcosm experiments were designed to evaluate gaseous N emissions from a silty loam and a sandy soil, both provided with litter from the bioenergy crop Silphium perfoliatum (cup-plant) and inoculated with an anecic earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris), which was added alone or together with an euedaphic collembola (Folsomia candida). In experiment 1, litter-derived N flux was determined by adding 15 N-labelled litter, followed by mass spectrometric analysis of N2 and N2 O isotopologues. In experiment 2, the δ18 O values and 15 N site preference of N2 O were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry to reveal underlying N2 O formation pathways. RESULTS Lumbricus terrestris significantly increased litter-derived N2 emissions in the loamy soil, from 174.5 to 1019.3 μg N2 -N kg-1 soil, but not in the sandy soil (non-significant change from 944.7 to 1054.7 μg N2 -N kg-1 soil). Earthworm feeding on plant litter resulted in elevated N2 O emissions in both soils, derived mainly from turnover of the soil mineral N pool during denitrification. Folsomia candida did not affect N losses but showed a tendency to redirect N2 O formation pathways from fungal to bacterial denitrification. The N2 O/(N2 + N2 O) product ratio was predominantly affected by abiotic soil characteristics (loamy soil: 0.14, sandy soil: 0.26). CONCLUSIONS When feeding on S. perfoliatum litter, the anecic L. terrestris, but not the euedaphic F. candida, has the potential to cause substantial N losses. Biotic interactions between the species are not influential, but abiotic soil characteristics have an effect. The coarse-textured sandy soil had lower gaseous N losses attributable to anecic earthworms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Schorpp
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (TI) - Federal Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 50, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Catharina Riggers
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (TI) - Federal Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 50, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (TI) - Federal Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anette Giesemann
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (TI) - Federal Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Well
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (TI) - Federal Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schrader
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute (TI) - Federal Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 50, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany
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18
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Wu D, Köster JR, Cárdenas LM, Brüggemann N, Lewicka-Szczebak D, Bol R. N2O source partitioning in soils using (15)N site preference values corrected for the N2O reduction effect. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:620-626. [PMID: 26842583 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The aim of this study was to determine the impact of isotope fractionation associated with N2O reduction during soil denitrification on N2O site preference (SP) values and hence quantify the potential bias on SP-based N2O source partitioning. METHODS The N2O SP values (n = 431) were derived from six soil incubation studies in N2-free atmosphere, and determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The N2 and N2O concentrations were measured directly by gas chromatography. Net isotope effects (NIE) during N2O reduction to N2 were compensated for using three different approaches: a closed-system model, an open-system model and a dynamic apparent NIE function. The resulting SP values were used for N2O source partitioning based on a two end-member isotopic mass balance. RESULTS The average SP0 value, i.e. the average SP values of N2O prior to N2O reduction, was recalculated with the closed-system model, resulting in -2.6 ‰ (±9.5), while the open-system model and the dynamic apparent NIE model gave average SP0 values of 2.9 ‰ (±6.3) and 1.7 ‰ (±6.3), respectively. The average source contribution of N2O from nitrification/fungal denitrification was 18.7% (±21.0) according to the closed-system model, while the open-system model and the dynamic apparent NIE function resulted in values of 31.0% (±14.0) and 28.3% (±14.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Using a closed-system model with a fixed SP isotope effect may significantly overestimate the N2O reduction effect on SP values, especially when N2O reduction rates are high. This is probably due to soil inhomogeneity and can be compensated for by the application of a dynamic apparent NIE function, which takes the variable reduction rates in soil micropores into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan Reent Köster
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak
- Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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