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Vanlinthout LE, Driessen JJ, Stolker RJ, Lesaffre EM, Berghmans JM, Staals LM. Spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular block after a single dose of a muscle relaxant in pediatric patients: A systematic review using a network meta-analytic and meta-regression approach. Paediatr Anaesth 2024. [PMID: 38676354 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) and the short duration of many surgical procedures put pediatric patients at risk of postoperative residual curarization (PORC). To date, the duration of neuromuscular blocking agent effect in children has not been analyzed in a quantitative review. The current meta-analysis aimed to compare spontaneous recovery following administration of various types and doses of neuromuscular blocking agents and to quantify the effect of prognostic variables associated with the recovery time in pediatric patients. METHOD We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that compared the time to 25% T1 (t25), from 25% to 75% T1 (RI25-75), and to ≥90% train-of-four (tTOF90) neuromuscular recovery between common neuromuscular blocking agent treatments administered as a single bolus to healthy pediatric participants. We compared spontaneous t25, RI25-75, and tTOF90 between (1) neuromuscular blocking agent treatments and (2) age groups receiving a given neuromuscular blocking agent intervention and anesthesia technique. Bayesian random-effects network and pairwise meta-analyses along with meta-regression were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS We used data from 71 randomized controlled trials/controlled clinical trials including 4319 participants. Network meta-analysis allowed for the juxtaposition and ranking of spontaneous t25, RI25-75, and tTOF90 following common neuromuscular blocking agent interventions. For all neuromuscular blocking agents a log-linear relationship between dose and duration of action was found. With the neuromuscular blocking agent treatments studied, the average tTOF90 (mean[CrI95]) in children (>2-11 y) was 41.96 [14.35, 69.50] and 17.06 [5.99, 28.30] min shorter than in neonates (<28 d) and infants (28 d-12 M), respectively. We found a negative log-linear correlation between age and duration of neuromuscular blocking agent effect. The difference in the tTOF90 (mean[CrI95]) between children and other age groups increased by 21.66 [8.82, 34.53] min with the use of aminosteroid neuromuscular blocking agents and by 24.73 [7.92, 41.43] min with the addition of sevoflurane/isoflurane for anesthesia maintenance. CONCLUSIONS The times to neuromuscular recovery are highly variable. These can decrease significantly with age and are prolonged when volatile anesthetics are administered. This variability, combined with the short duration of many pediatric surgical procedures, makes quantitative neuromuscular monitoring mandatory even after a single dose of neuromuscular blocking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc E Vanlinthout
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques J Driessen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan Stolker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel M Lesaffre
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics, Universities of Leuven-Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Johan M Berghmans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lonneke M Staals
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Song X, Parker J, Jones SK, Zhang L, Bingham I, Rees RM, Ju X. Labile Carbon from Artificial Roots Alters the Patterns of N 2O and N 2 Production in Agricultural Soils. Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38329046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Labile carbon (C) continuously delivered from the rhizosphere profoundly affects terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling. However, nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) production in agricultural soils in the presence of continuous root C exudation with applied N remains poorly understood. We conducted an incubation experiment using artificial roots to continuously deliver small-dose labile C combined with 15N tracers to investigate N2O and N2 emissions in agricultural soils with pH and organic C (SOC) gradients. A significantly negative exponential relationship existed between N2O and N2 emissions under continuous C exudation. Increasing soil pH significantly promoted N2 emissions while reducing N2O emissions. Higher SOC further promoted N2 emissions in alkaline soils. Native soil-N (versus fertilizer-N) was the main source of N2O (average 67%) and N2 (average 80%) emissions across all tested soils. Our study revealed the overlooked high N2 emissions, mainly derived from native soil-N and strengthened by increasing soil pH, under relatively real-world conditions with continuous root C exudation. This highlights the important role of N2O and N2 production from native soil-N in terrestrial N cycling when there is a continuous C supply (e.g., plant-root exudate) and helps mitigate emissions and constrain global budgets of the two concerned nitrogenous gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - John Parker
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JG, U.K
| | | | - Limei Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ian Bingham
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JG, U.K
| | - Robert M Rees
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JG, U.K
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Oakes C, Adnan A, Kavanagh P, McCormack S, Killeen N. A simple presumptive field test for nitrous oxide. Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03627-3. [PMID: 38321251 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Oakes
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Adam Adnan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pierce Kavanagh
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Séamus McCormack
- Garda National Drugs and Organised Crime Bureau, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicki Killeen
- HSE National Social Inclusion Office, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Wang H, Gao C, Wang R, Yuan J, Zhou B, Si W, Li J, Peng Y. Influence of Oxygen Vacancy-Induced Coordination Change on Pd/CeO 2 for NO Reduction. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:2133-2143. [PMID: 38237035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The byproduct formation in environmental catalysis is strongly influenced by the chemical state and coordination of catalysts. Herein, two Pd/CeO2 catalysts (PdCe-350 and PdCe-800) with varying oxygen vacancies (Ov) and coordination numbers (CN) of Pd were prepared to investigate the mechanism of N2O and NH3 formation during NO reduction by CO. PdCe-350 exhibits a higher density of Ov and Pd sites with higher CN, leading to an enhanced metal-support interaction by electron transformation from the support to Pd. Consequently, PdCe-350 displayed increased levels of byproduct formation. In situ spectroscopies under dry and wet conditions revealed that at low temperatures, the N2O formation strongly correlated with the Ov density through the decomposition of chelating nitro species on PdCe-350. Conversely, at high temperatures, it was linked to the reactivity of Pd species, primarily facilitated by monodentate nitrates on PdCe-800. In terms of NH3 formation, its occurrence was closely associated with the activation of H2O and C3H6, since a water-gas shift or hydrocarbon reforming could provide hydrogen. Both bridging and monodentate nitrates showed activity in NH3 formation, while hyponitrites were identified as key intermediates for both catalysts. The insights provide a fundamental understanding of the intricate relationship among the local coordination of Pd, surface Ov, and byproduct distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houlin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuan Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenzhe Si
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Li Q, Zhang M, Liu C, Liu Q, Wang W, Zhang Z, Han R, Ji N. Regulating Electron Metal-Support Interaction to Suppress N 2O Formation in the Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:895-905. [PMID: 38134359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
N2O is a common byproduct in the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia, and its generation often needs to be inhibited due to its strong greenhouse effect. In this paper, using Ag/ZSO-Y as a model catalyst, the N2O selectivity was reduced by 30% through modulation of the electron metal-support interaction. The results demonstrate that the work function of the support can be regulated by the content of the doping element. As the Zr content increases in SnO2, the work function of the support decreases. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the charge transfer amount and the work function of the support. A series of in situ DRIFTS and density functional theory calculations revealed that the -NO and -N reactions are the primary pathways for N2O formation. By adjustment of the work function of the support through varying the Zr doping level, the electronic structure of Ag NPs was further tuned, resulting in an increased reaction energy barrier for -NO and -N reactions, effectively suppressing N2O formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weichao Wang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ziyin Zhang
- Langfang City Beichen Entrepreneurship Resin Materials Incorporated Company, Langfang 065000, China
- Hebei Province New Resin Material Technology Innovation Center, Langfang 065000, China
- New Catalytic Materials Engineering Research Center for Air Pollutant Control, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Na Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Lindholm AØ, Nielsen MKK, Kristensen M, Rasmussen BS. Driving under the influence of nitrous oxide - A retrospective study of HS-GC-MS analysis in whole blood. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 354:111904. [PMID: 38064776 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Since 2020, our lab has received blood samples from traffic cases involving suspicion of driving under the influence of nitrous oxide (N2O). While N2O analysis by gas chromatography (GC) has been around for decades, quantitative results in blood from drivers have been only scarcely reported. We present a three-year (2020-2022) retrospective study of N2O from traffic cases in Eastern Denmark with suspected involvement of N2O intake. Whole blood samples from traffic cases were analysed for N2O using headspace-GC-MS. Freshly made calibration curves and additions of xenon gas as an internal standard were used for calculation of N2O concentrations. Positive samples have been defined as having concentrations greater than 0.1 mL N2O/L blood. Over a three-year period, we have tested 62 traffic case blood samples for the presence of N2O. Despite the technical challenges associated with the analysis of N2O, we have found N2O in 52 of the samples. Calculated concentrations were in the range 0.1-48 mL N2O/L blood, which are similar to the few cases previously found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mette Kristensen
- Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Brian Schou Rasmussen
- Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Desmedt B, Verleysen E, Demaegdt H, van Campenhout P, van Miert E, Deconinck E. The use of nitrous oxide whippets as a recreational drug: Hidden health risks. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:99-104. [PMID: 37173289 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Whipped cream canisters, also known as nitrous oxide whippets, are traditionally used in the culinary arts to prepare food foams. In recent years, however, these gas canisters have been cracked open and inhaled to produce a "legal" high. Users of these whippets have reported the presence of an oily residue containing metallic particles. This contamination was investigated using liquid chromatography-, gas chromatography- and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The particulate matter was also analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The presence of cyclohexyl isothiocyanate was confirmed at a maximum concentration of 67 μg per whippet. ICP-MS and ICP-OES analysis revealed the presence of mainly iron and zinc, but also, traces of aluminum, chromium, cobalt, nickel, and lead were found. STEM-EDX analysis confirmed the presence of nano-sized particles containing iron and zinc. When simulating inhalation, using the multiple path particle dosimetry model, it was confirmed that these nano-sized particles can reach the deeper parts of the lungs. Most users assume that inhaling a food-grade nitrous oxide whippet for a "legal" high poses no risks. However, this research shows that users are exposed to cyclohexyl isothiocyanate, a substance classified as a respiratory sensitizer. The presence of zinc in the particulate matter could potentially be linked to lung lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Desmedt
- Medicines and Health Products, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eveline Verleysen
- EM-Unit, Service Trace Elements and Nanomaterials, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Sciensano, Uccle, Belgium
| | - Heidi Demaegdt
- Trace Elements Unit, Service Trace Elements and Nanomaterials, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Sciensano, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Peter van Campenhout
- Medicines and Health Products, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erik van Miert
- Risk Assessment Unit, Risk and Health Impact Assessment Service, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Medicines and Health Products, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Xing J, Xue Q, Chen J, Mi J, Chen X, Shi J, Liu Z, Li J. Potential Risk of Significant N 2O Emission without Changing NO x Conversion on Commercial V 2O 5/TiO 2 Catalyst under Working Conditions. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21866-21875. [PMID: 38095886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium-based catalysts play a pivotal role in the emission control of industrial NOx via selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology. However, little attention has been paid to the potential emission of greenhouse gas N2O under complex working conditions. This work reports that a commercial V2O5/TiO2 catalyst may lead to significant N2O emission without greatly changing the outlet NOx concentration after chromium (Cr) deposition. With a Cr loading of 2 wt %, N2O concentration increased from 27.8 to 199.2 ppm at 350 °C with the value of outlet N2O/(N2O+N2) from 2.5% to 19.4%. Experimental results combined with DFT+U calculations suggest that nonselective catalytic reduction (NSCR) is the main route for N2O formation in a wide temperature range of 250 ∼ 400 °C. It is stemmed from the fact that the covalent interaction between Cr and V species on the V2O5/TiO2 surface accelerates the conversion of V4+ + Cr6+ → V5+ + Cr3+, leading to a larger proportion of surface V5+. More importantly, surface V5+ is highly related to the redox property of the V2O5/TiO2 catalyst, which is beneficial to NSCR reaction rather than the standard SCR process. The work suggests that to better inhibit the emission of greenhouse gases during the NH3-SCR process, monitoring N2O emission should be included along with the NOx concentrations, especially in complex flue gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qitong Xue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Mi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Hei Z, Peng Y, Hao S, Li Y, Yang X, Zhu T, Müller C, Zhang H, Hu H, Chen Y. Full substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manure decreases soil N 2 O emissions driven by ammonia oxidizers and gross nitrogen transformations. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:7117-7130. [PMID: 37800353 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Replacing synthetic fertilizer by organic manure has been shown to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide (N2 O), but the specific roles of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms and gross nitrogen (N) transformation in regulating N2 O remain unclear. Here, we examined the effect of completely replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure on N2 O emissions, ammonia oxidizers, gross N transformation rates using a 13-year field manipulation experiment. Our results showed that organic manure reduced cumulative N2 O emissions by 16.3%-210.3% compared to chemical fertilizer. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was significantly lower in organic manure compared with chemical fertilizer during three growth stages of maize. Organic manure also significantly decreased AOB alpha diversity and changed their community structure. However, organic manure substitution increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea and the alpha diversity of comammox Nitrospira compared to chemical fertilizer. Interestingly, organic manure decreased organic N mineralization by 23.2%-32.9%, and autotrophic nitrification rate by 10.5%-45.4%, when compared with chemical fertilizer. This study also found a positive correlation between AOB abundance, organic N mineralization and gross autotrophic nitrification rate with N2 O emission, and their contribution to N2 O emission was supported by random forest analysis. Our study highlights the key roles of ammonia oxidizers and N transformation rates in predicting cropland N2 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Hei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglei Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, China
- International Research Center on Karst Under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangwei Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Yongliang Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Matsuda N, Wakakuri H, Uehara K, Hyodo H, Ohara T, Yasutake M. A Case of Fever, Impaired Consciousness, and Psychosis Caused by Nitrous Oxide Abuse and Misdiagnosed as Acute Meningitis. J NIPPON MED SCH 2023; 90:404-407. [PMID: 36436918 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2023_90-505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is readily available, and its abuse for recreational purposes has become a social problem. In Japan, where N2O is strictly prohibited for non-medical use, abuse is often overlooked due to a lack of experience in the field. N2O abuse causes various long-term symptoms, including vitamin B12 deficiency, myelopathy, myeloneuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, mood changes, and psychosis. The diagnosis of N2O abuse is difficult due to the compound's short half-life and rapid elimination through the lungs. This report describes a case of fever and impaired consciousness in a patient with a history of N2O abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Matsuda
- Department of General Medicine and Health Science, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hiroaki Wakakuri
- Department of General Medicine and Health Science, Nippon Medical School
| | - Kazuyuki Uehara
- Department of General Medicine and Health Science, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hideya Hyodo
- Department of General Medicine and Health Science, Nippon Medical School
| | - Toshihiko Ohara
- Department of General Medicine and Health Science, Nippon Medical School
| | - Masahiro Yasutake
- Department of General Medicine and Health Science, Nippon Medical School
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Qi JQ, Yuan HY, Zhuang QL, Zama EF, Tian XF, Tao BX, Zhang BH. Effect of different types of biochar on soil properties and functional microbial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soils and their relationship with CH 4 and N 2O emissions. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1292959. [PMID: 38029118 PMCID: PMC10656817 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1292959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar as an agricultural soil amendment plays vital roles in mediating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in soils. The link between different types of biochar, bulk soil, and rhizosphere microbial communities in relation to CH4 and N2O emissions is being investigated in this study. The rice pot experiment was conducted using biochar at two temperatures (300°C and 500°C) in combination with three biochar levels (0, 2, 10% w/w). Soil properties and the abundance of genes associated with CH4 and N2O emissions from both rhizosphere and bulk soils were investigated. The study also aimed to examine the structure of microbial communities (pmoA, nosZ) in rhizosphere and bulk soils whereas CH4 and N2O emissions were monitored while growing rice. Results showed that biochar at 300°C and 10% incorporation significantly increased the CH4 emissions by up to 59% rise compared to the control group. Random Forest analysis revealed that the ratio of mcrA/pmoA along with the abundance of mcrA from both rhizosphere and bulk soils, the abundance of AOA, TN, DOC, and the community composition of pmoA-harboring microorganisms from both bulk and rhizosphere soils were important predictors of CH4 emissions. Therefore, the ratio of mcrA/pmoA in rhizosphere soil and the abundance of AOA in bulk soil were the main factors influencing CH4 emissions. Variation Partitioning Analysis (VPA) results indicated that the effects of these factors on bulk soil were 9% of CH4 emissions variations in different treatments, which contributed more than rhizosphere soils' factors. Moreover, random forest analysis results indicated that the abundance of AOB in bulk soil was the most important predictor influencing N2O emissions. The VPA result revealed that the factors in rhizosphere soil could explain more than 28% of the variations in N2O emissions. Our study highlights that rhizosphere soil has a more significant effect than bulk soil on N2O production. Our findings further the understanding of the link between bulk and rhizosphere attributes, and their impact on CH4 and N2O emissions in paddy soils. In summary, we recommend the application of biochar at 500°C and 2% incorporation rate for agricultural production in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qing Qi
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yuan
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qi-Lu Zhuang
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Eric-Fru Zama
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Xiao-Fei Tian
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bao-Xian Tao
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bao-Hua Zhang
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Zaman T, Asad SA, Irshad M, Faridullah, Shahzad M, Nazir R, Arefeen A, Iqbal A, Hafeez F. Unraveling the impact of human perturbation on nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems of lower Himalaya, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1324. [PMID: 37845391 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems are under the enormous pressure of land use management regimes through human disturbances, resulting in the disruption of biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystem services. Nitrogen (N) in soil ecosystems is of vital importance for primary productivity, hence estimating the extent of these human interventions on N-cycling processes becomes imperative from economic and environmental perspectives. This work investigated the impacts of variable anthropogenic activities on N cycling in three different terrestrial ecosystems (arable, grassland, and forest) in three regions of lower Himalaya, Pakistan. Potential nitrification (PNA) and denitrification (DEA) enzyme activities, relative distribution of inorganic N species (NH4, NO3), and the role of inherent edaphic factors were assessed. Results revealed high nitrification potentials and increased nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the incubated soil microcosms, in the order as arable > grassland > forest ecosystems. Notably, higher rates of both studied processes (~ 30-50%) and elevated soil mineral nitrogen pool were observed in arable ecosystems. Forest soils, assumed as pristine ecosystems relying mainly on natural N fixation, produced (de)nitrification rates relatively lower than grasslands, followed by arable soils which were moderately disturbed through long-term fertilization and intensive land-use regimes. Linear regression modeling revealed that the inorganic N species (particularly NO3), and inherent edaphic factors were the key determinants of high (de)nitrification rates, hence warn of accelerated N losses in these ecosystems. The study highlights that elevated PNA and DEA being proxies for the altered N cycling in the studied terrestrial ecosystems are of great ecological relevance in view of predicted N2O budget in the lower Himalaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Zaman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Asad
- Department of Bio Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Faridullah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Nazir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Awais Arefeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Farhan Hafeez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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Cioffi A, Cecannecchia C, Bosco MA, Gurgoglione G, Baldari B, De Simone S. Lethal nitrous oxide (N 2O) intoxication during surgery: the contribution of immunohistochemistry in identifying the cause of death: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:424. [PMID: 37814318 PMCID: PMC10563339 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a gas used in medicine for its analgesic, anxiolytic and amnesic properties. It is a drug considered safe if adequately administered. In the literature, accidental N2O-related deaths are rare. They are mostly related to inhalation of this substance for recreational and autoerotic purposes; rarely are reported deaths due to incorrect administration of medical gas in anesthesia. The diagnosis of death from acute N2O intoxication is complex and is generally an exclusion diagnosis: the macroscopic and microscopic post-mortem signs are entirely nonspecific. Furthermore, the circumstantial data are not always supportive and can even be confusing, mainly if the death occurred inside a hospital. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a particular case of death from acute nitrous oxide poisoning in a hospital environment, of a Caucasian male of 72-years-old. The intoxication occurred during a minimally invasive vascular surgery due to an incorrect assembly of the supply lines of medical gases (O2 and N2O). The identification of the cause of death resulted from the analysis of circumstantial data, macroscopic and microscopic autoptic findings, and immunohistochemical investigations based on the search for antibodies anti E-selectin, P-selectin, and HIF 1-α. CONCLUSION Although not pathognomonic of asphyxiation by N2O, the latter molecules are a valid and early marker of hypoxic insult. Therefore, in concert with all other findings, it may constitute valid support for the forensic pathologist to ascertain the cause of death in case of suspected intoxication by N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cioffi
- Section of Forensic Science, Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Europa 12, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Camilla Cecannecchia
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Bosco
- Section of Forensic Science, Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Europa 12, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gurgoglione
- Section of Forensic Science, Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Europa 12, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Baldari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania De Simone
- Section of Forensic Science, Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Europa 12, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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Fortanier E, Berling E, Zanin A, Guillou AL, Micaleff J, Nicolas G, Lozeron P, Attarian S. How to distinguish Guillain-Barré syndrome from nitrous oxide-induced neuropathy: A 2-year, multicentric, retrospective study. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3296-3306. [PMID: 37494104 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2 O) has dramatically increased in recent years, resulting in numerous cases of acute sensorimotor tetraparesis secondary to nitrous oxide-induced neuropathy (N2 On). Challenging clinical features can mimic Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the main differential diagnosis upon admission. The most sensitive biomarkers for distinguishing between these two conditions remain to be determined. METHODS Fifty-eight N2 On patients from three referral centers were retrospectively included over a 2-year period and compared to GBS patients hospitalized during the same timeframe (47 patients). Collected demographic, clinical, biological, and electrophysiological data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The typical N2 On clinical pattern included distal sensorimotor deficit in lower limbs with absent reflexes, proprioceptive ataxia, and no cranial involvement (56.7% of our cohort). Misleading GBS-like presentations were found in 14 N2 On patients (24.1%), and 13 patients (22.4%) did not report N2 O use during initial interview. Only half the N2 On patients presented with reduced vitamin B12 serum levels upon admission. A slightly increased cut-off (<200 pmol/L) demonstrated 85.1% sensitivity and 84.5% specificity in distinguishing N2 On from GBS. Only 6.9% of N2 On patients met the criteria for primary demyelination (p < 0.01), with only one presenting conduction blocks. A diagnostic algorithm combining these two biomarkers successfully classified all GBS-like N2 On patients. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B12 serum level < 200 pmol/L cut-off and conduction blocks in initial electrophysiological study are the two most sensitive biomarkers for rapidly distinguishing N2 On from GBS patients. These two parameters are particularly useful in clinically atypical N2 On with GBS-like presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Fortanier
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, La Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Edouard Berling
- APHP, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Centre de référence Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, FHU PHENIX, Garches, France
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, U 1179 INSERM, Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Adrien Zanin
- Service de Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, DMU DREAM, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, U1148, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Joelle Micaleff
- Marseille University Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacosurveillance, Regional Addictovigilance Center of Marseille, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM UMR 1106, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Nicolas
- APHP, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Centre de référence Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, FHU PHENIX, Garches, France
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, U 1179 INSERM, Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Pierre Lozeron
- Service de Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, DMU DREAM, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, U1148, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, La Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
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15
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Stiefvater G, Hespos Y, Wiedenmann D, Lambrecht A, Brunner R, Wöllenstein J. A Portable Laser Spectroscopic System for Measuring Nitrous Oxide Emissions on Fertilized Cropland. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6686. [PMID: 37571468 PMCID: PMC10422589 DOI: 10.3390/s23156686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (laughing gas, N2O) is a relevant greenhouse gas. Agriculture contributes significantly to its emissions. As nitrogen fertilization has been identified as one of the main sources of N2O, controlled application and reduction of the amount of fertilizer adapted to crop demand is essential to reduce N2O emissions. This requires detailed studies of the local distribution of the N2O emission fluxes on different croplands. Consequently, frequent spatially resolved field measurements of N2O concentrations are needed. A precision in the ppb range close to the ambient N2O level of 333 ppb is necessary. Tunable laser absorption spectroscopy using quantum-cascade lasers (QCL) as a light source is an established technique for the measurement of N2O traces. We present the development and validation of a compact portable setup for on-site measurement of N2O emissions from the soil. The setup differs from previous solutions by using an interband cascade laser (ICL), which has significantly lower power consumption compared to a QCL. The portable measurement setup allows N2O emission fluxes to be determined with a precision of 3.5% with a measuring duration of 10 min. The developed system enables the detection of increased N2O emissions because of the fertilization of fields. High N2O emission fluxes are indicators of the overfertilization of the field. Directly after fertilization, N2O fluxes between 2.9 and 5.3 µL m-2 min-1 depending on the gas acquisition site are measured during the field tests. Over time, the fluxes decrease. The obtained results compare well with data from more precise but also more complex and maintenance-intensive instruments for atmospheric research. With this system, the soil moisture as well as the air humidity and air temperature are recorded. Strong influences on N2O fluxes by soil moisture were observed. The presented measurement system is a contribution to the establishment of mobile N2O screening systems that are robust in the field and suitable for comprehensive and routine detection of N2O emissions from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Stiefvater
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Georges-Köhler-Allee 301, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.W.)
- Laboratory for Gas Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hespos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Georges-Köhler-Allee 301, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.W.)
| | - Dominic Wiedenmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Georges-Köhler-Allee 301, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.W.)
| | - Armin Lambrecht
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Georges-Köhler-Allee 301, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.W.)
| | - Raimund Brunner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Georges-Köhler-Allee 301, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.W.)
| | - Jürgen Wöllenstein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Georges-Köhler-Allee 301, 79110 Freiburg, Germany (J.W.)
- Laboratory for Gas Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Thers H, Knudsen MT, Lærke PE. Comparison of GHG emissions from annual crops in rotation on drained temperate agricultural peatland with production of reed canary grass in paludiculture using an LCA approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17320. [PMID: 37441396 PMCID: PMC10333457 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drained peat soils contribute significantly to global human-caused CO2 emissions and reducing peat degradation via rewetting is high on the political agenda. Ceasing agricultural activities on rewetted soils might lead to land owner resistance and high societal expenses to compensate farmers. Continued biomass production adapted for wet conditions on peat soils potentially minimizes these costs and helps supplying the growing demand for e.g. materials, fuels and feed. Here we used a life cycle assessment approach (cradle to farm gate) to investigate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to three cases by applying IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) emission factors and specific site conditions at a bog and a fen site that represent widely distributed temperate peat soils. Besides soil emissions, upstream emissions from input, operational emissions and emission related to rewetting construction work were included. The analyzed systems were deeply drained cash cropping on agricultural bog (potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.), permanent Reed canary grass (RCG) (Phalaris arundinacea L.) production on non-drained bog and permanent RCG production on shallow-drained fen. The annual mean water table depths (WTD) were -70, -38 (estimated) and -13 cm, respectively. Results showed estimated GHG emissions of 40.5, 26.1 and 20.6 Mg CO2eq ha-1, respectively, corresponding to a 35% GHG reduction for the non-drained bog case as compared to the drained bog case, despite that the obtained WTD due to ceased drainage did not adhere to the IPCC rewetting threshold of -30 cm. Emissions related to crop management represented 7, 14 and 19% of total emissions. In the RCG cultivation on fen case, the WTD were controlled primarily by the water table of the nearby stream and total GHG emissions were even lower as compared to the RCG production on the non-drained bog reflecting the difference in WTD. Rewetting projects need to include careful knowledge of the specific peat area to foresee the actual reduction potential.
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Jiménez JDLC, Pedersen O. Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice via Manipulation of Key Root Traits. Rice (N Y) 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 37160782 PMCID: PMC10169991 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice production worldwide represents a major anthropogenic source of greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrogen fertilization and irrigation practices have been fundamental to achieve optimal rice yields, but these agricultural practices together with by-products from plants and microorganisms, facilitate the production, accumulation and venting of vast amounts of CO2, CH4 and N2O. We propose that the development of elite rice varieties should target root traits enabling an effective internal O2 diffusion, via enlarged aerenchyma channels. Moreover, gas tight barriers impeding radial O2 loss in basal parts of the roots will increase O2 diffusion to the root apex where molecular O2 diffuses into the rhizosphere. These developments result in plants with roots penetrating deeper into the flooded anoxic soils, producing higher volumes of oxic conditions in the interface between roots and rhizosphere. Molecular O2 in these zones promotes CH4 oxidation into CO2 by methanotrophs and nitrification (conversion of NH4+ into NO3-), reducing greenhouse gas production and at the same time improving plant nutrition. Moreover, roots with tight barriers to radial O2 loss will have restricted diffusional entry of CH4 produced in the anoxic parts of the rhizosphere and therefore plant-mediated diffusion will be reduced. In this review, we describe how the exploitation of these key root traits in rice can potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de la Cruz Jiménez
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Liu M, Song F, Yin Z, Chen P, Zhang Z, Qi Z, Wang B, Zheng E. Organic fertilizer substitutions maintain maize yield and mitigate ammonia emissions but increase nitrous oxide emissions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:53115-53127. [PMID: 36853529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilizer can improve soil structure and enhance the nutrient content in soil and is beneficial to sustainable agricultural development. However, the influence of organic fertilizer substitutions on NH3 and N2O emissions from farmland is unclear. Thus, we set up an organic substitution field experiment in Northeast China. The experiment included six treatments: single application of chemical fertilizers (NPK: 250 kg N ha-1); NO10, 10% reduction in chemical nitrogen fertilizers (225 kg N ha-1) + chicken manure (25 kg N ha-1); NO20, 20% reduction in chemical nitrogen fertilizers (200 kg N ha-1) + chicken manure (50 kg N ha-1); NO30, 30% reduction in chemical nitrogen fertilizers (175 kg N ha-1) + chicken manure (75 kg N ha-1); NO40, 40% reduction in chemical nitrogen fertilizers (150 kg N ha-1) + chicken manure (100 kg N ha-1); and no-nitrogen fertilizer (CK). This experiment investigated the effects of partial substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer on NH3 and N2O emissions and nitrogen use efficiency in a maize field. The results showed that, compared with chemical N, organic fertilizer mitigated NH3 volatilization but promoted the soil N2O total emissions during the whole growth stage. NH3 cumulative volatilization decreased with the increase in the substitution rate of organic fertilizer. Compared with the NPK treatment, the cumulative volatilization of NH3 in the NO30 and NO40 treatments decreased by 15.24 and 17.92%, respectively. The NO40 treatment had the highest N2O emission in the whole growth stage, and the N2O emission of the NO40 treatment increased by 10.72% compared to the NPK treatment. Moreover, the yield, partial factor productivity (PFP), nitrogen harvest index (NHI), and apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) of NO30 treatment were the highest of all treatments, and the yields, PFP, plant N accumulation, grain N accumulation, and the cumulative emissions of NH3 and N2O were similar to N20 treatment. In conclusion, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was enhanced, decreasing environmental pollution from livestock under organic fertilizer substitution conditions. We suggested 20% or 30% substitution rates of organic fertilizer were proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fang Song
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhihao Yin
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Zhongxue Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhijuan Qi
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bai Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Ennan Zheng
- School of Hydraulic and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
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Grzych G, Deheul S, Gernez E, Davion JB, Dobbelaere D, Carton L, Kim I, Guichard JC, Girot M, Humbert L, Bennis A, Joncquel M, Chieux V, Joly A, Nasserdine P, Trillot N, Douillard C, Pigny P, Tard C. Comparison of biomarker for diagnosis of nitrous oxide abuse: challenge of cobalamin metabolic parameters, a retrospective study. J Neurol 2023; 270:2237-2245. [PMID: 36690804 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) leads to neurological disorders including combined subacute degeneration of spinal cord, psychological disorders, and thrombosis. Serum or urine N2O assays could not be routinely performed. Hence, it is necessary to investigate other biological markers such as metabolic markers. We aimed here to challenge the three main biological markers used for the diagnosis of nitrous oxide abuse as total vitamin B12, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid. METHODS We retrospectively collected clinical and biological data from 52 patients with known, documented chronic N2O abuse and associated clinical signs (peripheral neuropathy disability score or thrombosis event). Sera and plasma total vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid (MMA), and homocysteine were performed to identify the most specific marker of chronic N2O intoxication and related clinical outcomes. RESULTS Plasma homocysteine was almost consistently increased in case of N2O chronic consumption, whereas MMA increase and total vitamin B12 decrease are not systematically found. Our results showed that none of the markers are correlated with levels of N2O consumptions. However, homocysteine and MMA are correlated with clinical severity, but MMA seems to be a better marker of clinical severity. CONCLUSION There is no specific marker of nitrous oxide abuse according to levels of consumption, total vitamin B12 decrease could not be used either as consumption or as severity marker. However, we showed that homocysteine is consistently increased and could be used as marker of recent N2O consumption. On the other hand, we showed that MMA could be used as a marker of clinical gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Grzych
- CHU de Lille, Service Hormonologie Métabolisme Nutrition Oncologie, 59000, Lille, France.
- CHU de Lille - Centre de Biologie Pathologie Génétique - Service Hormonologie Métabolisme Nutrition Oncologie, 1 boulevard du professeur Jules Leclercq, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Sylvie Deheul
- CHU de Lille, Centre d'Addictovigilance des Hauts-de-France, Centre Anti-Poison, Service de Pharmacologie, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Emeline Gernez
- CHU de Lille, Service Hormonologie Métabolisme Nutrition Oncologie, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Dries Dobbelaere
- Medical Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Jeanne de Flandre University Hospital and RADEME Research Team for Rare Metabolic and Developmental Diseases, EA 7364 CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Louise Carton
- CHU de Lille, Centre d'Addictovigilance des Hauts-de-France, Centre Anti-Poison, Service de Pharmacologie, 59000, Lille, France
- CHU de Lille, Service d'Addictologie, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Kim
- CHU de Lille, Service Hormonologie Métabolisme Nutrition Oncologie, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Marie Girot
- CHU Lille, Service des Urgences adultes, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Linda Humbert
- CHU de Lille, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies métaboliques, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anas Bennis
- CH de Roubaix, Service de Neurologie, 59100, Roubaix, France
| | - Marie Joncquel
- CHU de Lille, Service Hormonologie Métabolisme Nutrition Oncologie, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Chieux
- CH Saint Philibert, Laboratoire des hôpitaux du GHICL, 59160, Lomme, France
| | - Audrey Joly
- Agence Régionale de Santé Hauts de France, Amiens, France
| | - Phénicia Nasserdine
- CHU de Lille, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Trillot
- CHU de Lille, Institut Hématologie Transfusion, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Claire Douillard
- Medical Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Jeanne de Flandre University Hospital and RADEME Research Team for Rare Metabolic and Developmental Diseases, EA 7364 CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CHU de Lille, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies métaboliques, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Pigny
- CHU de Lille, Service Hormonologie Métabolisme Nutrition Oncologie, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Tard
- U1172, CHU de Lille, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord, Est, Ile-de-France, Service de neurologie, Lille, France
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Gillman M. Why Ignore the opioid action of nitrous oxide and ketamine when working on their antidepressant/ psychotropic actions? Curr Drug Res Rev 2023:CDRR-EPUB-130543. [PMID: 37005517 DOI: 10.2174/2589977515666230330122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gillman
- South African Brain Research Institute Research Johannesburg South Africa
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21
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Wu R, Liu N, Dai C, Xu R, Wang N, Yu G, Chen B. Collaborative Purification of Tert-Butanol and N 2O over Fe/Co-Zeolite Catalysts. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4902. [PMID: 36981811 PMCID: PMC10049020 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
N2O is a greenhouse gas and a candidate oxidant. Volatile organic pollutants (VOCs) have caused great harm to the atmospheric ecological environment. Developing the technique utilizing N2O as the oxidant to oxidize VOCs to realize the collaborative purification has significant importance and practical value for N2O emission control and VOC abatement. Therefore, the study of N2O catalytic oxidation of tert-butanol based on zeolite catalysts was carried out. A series of molecular sieves, including FER, MOR, ZSM-5, Y, and BEA, were selected as the catalyst objects, and the 1.5% wt Fe and Co were, respectively, loaded on the zeolite catalysts via the impregnation method. It was found that the catalytic performance of BEA was the best among the molecular sieves. Comparing the catalytic performance of Fe-BEA under different load gradients (0.25~2%), it was found that 1.5% Fe-BEA possessed the best catalytic activity. A series of characterization methods showed that Fe3+ content in 1.5% Fe-BEA was the highest, and more active sites formed to promote the catalytic reaction. The α-O in the reaction eventually oxidized tert-butanol to CO2 over the active site. The Co mainly existed in the form of Co2+ cations over Co-BEA samples; the 2% Co-BEA possessing higher amounts of Co2+ exhibited the highest activity among the prepared Co-BEA samples.
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22
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Li X, Zhao R, Li D, Wang G, Bei S, Ju X, An R, Li L, Kuyper TW, Christie P, Bender FS, Veen C, van der Heijden MGA, van der Putten WH, Zhang F, Butterbach-Bahl K, Zhang J. Mycorrhiza-mediated recruitment of complete denitrifying Pseudomonas reduces N 2O emissions from soil. Microbiome 2023; 11:45. [PMID: 36890606 PMCID: PMC9996866 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key soil organisms and their extensive hyphae create a unique hyphosphere associated with microbes actively involved in N cycling. However, the underlying mechanisms how AMF and hyphae-associated microbes may cooperate to influence N2O emissions from "hot spot" residue patches remain unclear. Here we explored the key microbes in the hyphosphere involved in N2O production and consumption using amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Chemotaxis, growth and N2O emissions of isolated N2O-reducing bacteria in response to hyphal exudates were tested using in vitro cultures and inoculation experiments. RESULTS AMF hyphae reduced denitrification-derived N2O emission (max. 63%) in C- and N-rich residue patches. AMF consistently enhanced the abundance and expression of clade I nosZ gene, and inconsistently increased that of nirS and nirK genes. The reduction of N2O emissions in the hyphosphere was linked to N2O-reducing Pseudomonas specifically enriched by AMF, concurring with the increase in the relative abundance of the key genes involved in bacterial citrate cycle. Phenotypic characterization of the isolated complete denitrifying P. fluorescens strain JL1 (possessing clade I nosZ) indicated that the decline of net N2O emission was a result of upregulated nosZ expression in P. fluorescens following hyphal exudation (e.g. carboxylates). These findings were further validated by re-inoculating sterilized residue patches with P. fluorescens and by an 11-year-long field experiment showing significant positive correlation between hyphal length density with the abundance of clade I nosZ gene. CONCLUSIONS The cooperation between AMF and the N2O-reducing Pseudomonas residing on hyphae significantly reduce N2O emissions in the microsites. Carboxylates exuded by hyphae act as attractants in recruiting P. fluorescens and also as stimulants triggering nosZ gene expression. Our discovery indicates that reinforcing synergies between AMF and hyphosphere microbiome may provide unexplored opportunities to stimulate N2O consumption in nutrient-enriched microsites, and consequently reduce N2O emissions from soils. This knowledge opens novel avenues to exploit cross-kingdom microbial interactions for sustainable agriculture and for climate change mitigation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agronomy and Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Ruotong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guangzhou Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuikuan Bei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ran An
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Christie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Franz S Bender
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
- Plant-Soil Interactions, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO KNAW), Wageningen, NL-6700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
- Plant-Soil Interactions, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO KNAW), Wageningen, NL-6700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Pioneer Center Land-CRAFT, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Junling Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Gao Y, Øverlie Arntzen M, Kjos M, Bakken LR, Frostegård Å. Denitrification by Bradyrhizobia under Feast and Famine and the Role of the bc1 Complex in Securing Electrons for N(2)O Reduction. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0174522. [PMID: 36662572 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01745-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia living as microsymbionts inside nodules have stable access to carbon substrates, but also must survive as free-living bacteria in soil where they are starved for carbon and energy most of the time. Many rhizobia can denitrify, thus switch to anaerobic respiration under low O2 tension using N-oxides as electron acceptors. The cellular machinery regulating this transition is relatively well known from studies under optimal laboratory conditions, while little is known about this regulation in starved organisms. It is, for example, not known if the strong preference for N2O- over NO3- reduction in bradyrhizobia is retained under carbon limitation. Here, we show that starved cultures of a Bradyrhizobium strain with respiration rates 1 to 18% of well-fed cultures reduced all available N2O before touching provided NO3-. These organisms, which carry out complete denitrification, have the periplasmic nitrate reductase NapA but lack the membrane-bound nitrate reductase NarG. Proteomics showed similar levels of NapA and NosZ (N2O reductase), excluding that the lack of NO3- reduction was due to low NapA abundance. Instead, this points to a metabolic-level phenomenon where the bc1 complex, which channels electrons to NosZ via cytochromes, is a much stronger competitor for electrons from the quinol pool than the NapC enzyme, which provides electrons to NapA via NapB. The results contrast the general notion that NosZ activity diminishes under carbon limitation and suggest that bradyrhizobia carrying NosZ can act as strong sinks for N2O under natural conditions, implying that this criterion should be considered in the development of biofertilizers. IMPORTANCE Legume cropped farmlands account for substantial N2O emissions globally. Legumes are commonly inoculated with N2-fixing bacteria, rhizobia, to improve crop yields. Rhizobia belonging to Bradyrhizobium, the microsymbionts of several economically important legumes, are generally capable of denitrification but many lack genes encoding N2O reductase and will be N2O sources. Bradyrhizobia with complete denitrification will instead act as sinks since N2O-reduction efficiently competes for electrons over nitrate reduction in these organisms. This phenomenon has only been demonstrated under optimal conditions and it is not known how carbon substrate limitation, which is the common situation in most soils, affects the denitrification phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that bradyrhizobia retain their strong preference for N2O under carbon starvation. The findings add basic knowledge about mechanisms controlling denitrification and support the potential for developing novel methods for greenhouse gas mitigation based on legume inoculants with the dual capacity to optimize N2 fixation and minimize N2O emission.
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Ayaz M, Feizienė D, Tilvikienė V, Feiza V, Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė E, Ullah S. Biochar with Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduces Direct Greenhouse Gas Emission Flux from Soil. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1002. [PMID: 36903863 PMCID: PMC10004753 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural waste can have a catastrophic impact on climate change, as it contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions if not managed sustainably. Swine-digestate-manure-derived biochar may be one sustainable way to manage waste and tackle GHG emissions in temperate climatic conditions. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how such biochar could be used to reduce soil GHG emissions. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and pea crops in 2020 and 2021, respectively, were treated with 25 t ha-1 of swine-digestate-manure-derived biochar (B1) and 120 kg ha-1 (N1) and 160 kg ha-1 (N2) of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate). Biochar with or without nitrogen fertilizer substantially lowered GHG emissions compared to the control treatment (without any treatment) or treatments without biochar application. Carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions were directly measured using static chamber technology. Cumulative emissions and global warming potential (GWP) followed the same trend and were significantly lowered in biochar-treated soils. The influences of soil and environmental parameters on GHG emissions were, therefore, investigated. A positive correlation was found between both moisture and temperature and GHG emissions. Thus, biochar made from swine digestate manure may be an effective organic amendment to reduce GHG emissions and address climate change challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Feizienė
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Vita Tilvikienė
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Virginijus Feiza
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Edita Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė
- Institute of Environmental Protection, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sana Ullah
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania
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Trimmel S, Meisel TC, Lancaster ST, Prohaska T, Irrgeher J. Determination of 48 elements in 7 plant CRMs by ICP-MS/MS with a focus on technology-critical elements. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1159-1172. [PMID: 36624195 PMCID: PMC9899746 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Seven plant certified reference materials (NIST SRM1515 Apple Leaves, NIST SRM1547 Peach Leaves, BCR-129 Hay Powder, BCR-670 Aquatic Plant, GBW07603 Bush Twigs and Leaves, GBW10015 Spinach Leaves and NCS ZC73036a Green Tea) were analysed for their mass fractions of 48 elements by inductively coupled plasma tandem-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS): Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Te, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ta, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U. Special focus was put on the determination of technology-critical elements (TCEs), to which, e.g. Li, Be, Ga, Ge, Nb, Sb, Ta, Tl, Bi, and the rare-earth elements (REEs, lanthanides and Y) are counted. Closed-vessel microwave digestion was performed using HNO3, H2O2 and HBF4. The average bias for certified values is - 1% ± 13% (SD). Limits of detection (xL) in the measured solutions lie between 13 fg g-1 (Tb) and 52 ng g-1 (Ca). This article seeks to provide an optimised measurement procedure for the determination of element mass fractions of emerging importance in environmental samples, which are challenging to analyse with more traditional techniques such as single-quad ICP-MS. In addition, it aims to improve the characterisation of commonly used plant reference materials by providing mass fraction data for rarely studied elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Trimmel
- grid.181790.60000 0001 1033 9225Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Thomas C. Meisel
- grid.181790.60000 0001 1033 9225Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Shaun T. Lancaster
- grid.181790.60000 0001 1033 9225Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- grid.181790.60000 0001 1033 9225Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Johanna Irrgeher
- grid.181790.60000 0001 1033 9225Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
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Sihor M, Gowrisankaran S, Martaus A, Motola M, Mailhot G, Brigante M, Monfort O. Anodic TiO(2) Nanotube Layers for Wastewater and Air Treatments: Assessment of Performance Using Sulfamethoxazole Degradation and N(2)O Reduction. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36558093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of anodic TiO2 nanotube layers has been performed using electrochemical anodization of Ti foil for 4 h at different voltages (from 0 V to 80 V). In addition, a TiO2 thin layer has been also prepared using the sol-gel method. All the photocatalysts have been characterized by XRD, SEM, and DRS to investigate the crystalline phase composition, the surface morphology, and the optical properties, respectively. The performance of the photocatalyst has been assessed in versatile photocatalytic reactions including the reduction of N2O gas and the oxidation of aqueous sulfamethoxazole. Due to their high specific surface area and excellent charge carriers transport, anodic TiO2 nanotube layers have exhibited the highest N2O conversion rate (up to 10% after 22 h) and the highest degradation extent of sulfamethoxazole (about 65% after 4 h) under UVA light. The degradation mechanism of sulfamethoxazole has been investigated by analyzing its transformation products by LC-MS and the predominant role of hydroxyl radicals has been confirmed. Finally, the efficiency of the anodic TiO2 nanotube layer has been tested in real wastewater reaching up to 45% of sulfamethoxazole degradation after 4 h.
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27
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Brunt TM, van den Brink W, van Amsterdam J. Mechanisms Involved in the Neurotoxicity and Abuse Liability of Nitrous Oxide: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) has increased over the years. At the same time, more N2O intoxications are presented to hospitals. The incidental use of N2O is relatively harmless, but heavy, frequent and chronic use comes with considerable health risks. Most importantly, N2O can inactivate the co-factor cobalamin, which, in turn, leads to paresthesia's, partial paralysis and generalized demyelinating polyneuropathy. In some patients, these disorders are irreversible. Several metabolic cascades have been identified by which N2O can cause harmful effects. Because these effects mostly occur after prolonged use, it raises the question of whether N2O has addictive properties, explaining its prolonged and frequent use at high dose. Several lines of evidence for N2O's dependence liability can be found in the literature, but the underlying mechanism of action remains controversial. N2O interacts with the opioid system, but N2O also acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, by which it can cause dopamine disinhibition. In this narrative review, we provide a detailed description of animal and human evidence for N2O-induced abuse/dependence and for N2O-induced neurotoxicity.
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Tang RJ, Hu YJ, Zhao CY, Zhao Y, Yuan XS, Tang SR, Wu YZ, Meng L. [Effects of Land-use Conversion on Soil Nitrification and NO & N 2O Emissions in Tropical China Under Different Moisture Conditions]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:5159-5168. [PMID: 36437088 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rain and heat conditions are abundant in tropical areas, and rubber and tea are widely planted in this region; the nitrification process produces nitrate content, which is not conducive to the maintenance of nitrogen nutrients, and has negative environmental effects (nitrogen oxide emissions). The characteristics of soil nitrification rate and nitrogen oxide emission under different land use patterns remain unclear. An incubation experiment was conducted under the 5 a (T5) and 15 a (T15) tea plantation soils and the nearby typical rubber plantation (XJ) soils in Baisha county of Hainan province under two moisture contents (50% WFPS-L and 80% WFPS-H) for 71 d at 25℃. The results showed that:① after the rubber plantation was converted to a tea plantation, the net nitrification and soil NO and N2O emissions were significantly reduced under high moisture content. The overall trend was in the order of XJH>T15H>T5H, and the values of soil net nitrification and NO and N2O emissions were as high as 4.2 mg·(kg·d)-1, 1.4 mg·kg-1, and 14.3 mg·kg-1 in the XJH treatment, respectively. Under the low moisture content, soil NO emissions in tea field soil were significantly reduced relative to those in rubber plantation soil, N2O emissions had no significant difference among different treatments, and net nitrification had no significant difference between the XJ and T15 treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between NO emissions and net nitrification rate (P<0.01). ② The net nitrification of XJH was higher than that of XJL, but the net nitrification values under different moisture contents in tea field soil was in contrast to that in rubber plantation soil. The NO emissions of XJ and T15 under different moisture contents were consistent with the trend of net nitrification, and the high nitrification promoted NO emissions, whereas NO emissions of T5 were not significantly affected by moisture content. The high moisture content treatment significantly promoted N2O emissions relative to those under the low moisture content treatment. The results showed that SOM, TN, pH, and moisture content were the key factors affecting soil net nitrification rate, NO, and N2O emissions. The conversion of the rubber plantation to a tea plantation significantly reduced the net nitrification rate and negative impact on the environment under high moisture content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu-Jie Hu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Cai-Yue Zhao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yuan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shui-Rong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yan-Zheng Wu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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29
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Allan J, Cameron J, Bruno J. A Systematic Review of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use: Implications for Policy, Service Delivery and Individuals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11567. [PMID: 36141850 PMCID: PMC9517250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a dissociative anaesthetic that is sometimes used recreationally. The prevalence of N2O use is difficult to quantify but appears to be increasing. Research on N2O harms and application of harm reduction strategies are limited. The aim of this mixed method systematic review was to collate and synthesise the disparate body of research on recreational nitrous oxide use to inform harm reduction approaches tailored for young people. METHODS To identify publications reporting the recreational use of N2O, a search of public health, psychology and social science databases was conducted. Databases included PubMed, CIHNAL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Grey literature and Google advanced search were also used. Due to limited published literature on the recreational use of N2O, no limit was placed on publication date or study type. A thematic synthesis extracted descriptive and analytical themes from the selected studies. Quality appraisal was conducted using the CASP Tool for Qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute case report assessment tool. RESULTS The search retrieved 407 reports. Thirty-four were included in the final analysis, including sixteen case reports. The included studies were primarily concerned with raising awareness of the apparently increasing use and subsequently increasing harms of recreational N2O use. There was limited reference to policy or legislative responses in any published studies, no suggestions for harm reduction strategies or application of service level responses. In general, individuals lack awareness of N2O-related harms. CONCLUSION The review found three key areas that deserve further consideration including: (1) policy, (2) service delivery, and (3) harm associated with N2O use. We recommend a top-down (policy) and bottom-up (services delivery/services users) approach to harm reduction for N2O use which also includes further consultation and research with both groups. Future research could explore young people's experience of N2O use including benefits and problems to inform contextually relevant harm reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julaine Allan
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Jacqui Cameron
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Juliana Bruno
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Chen C, Pan J, Xiao S, Wang J, Gong X, Yin G, Hou L, Liu M, Zheng Y. Microplastics alter nitrous oxide production and pathways through affecting microbiome in estuarine sediments. Water Res 2022; 221:118733. [PMID: 35714467 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing microplastics (MPs) pollution in estuaries profoundly impacts microbial ecosystems and biogeochemical processes. Nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas, is an important intermediate product of microbial nitrogen cycling. However, how MPs regulate N2O production and its pathways remain poorly understood. Here, impacts of traditional petroleum-based and emerging biodegradable MPs on microbial N2O production and its pathways were studied through dual-isotope (15N-18O) labeling technique and molecular methods. Results indicated that both traditional petroleum-based and emerging biodegradable MPs promoted sedimentary N2O production, whereas pathways varied. Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) MPs displayed greater promotion of N2O production than petroleum-based MPs, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE), of which PLA promoted through nitrifier nitrification (NN) and heterotrophic denitrification (HD), PE through nitrifier denitrification and HD, and PVC through NN. By combining the analysis of N2O production rates with sediment chemical and microbiological properties, we demonstrated that the enrichment of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, as well as related functional genes directly and/or indirectly increased N2O production primarily by interacting with carbon and nitrogen substrates. Different response of nitrogen cycling microbes to MPs led to the difference in N2O increase pathways, of which nitrifying bacteria significantly enriched in all MPs treatments due to the niches provided by MPs. However, part of denitrifying bacteria significantly enriched in treatments containing PLA and PE MPs, which may serve as organic carbon substrates. This work highlights that the presence of MPs can promote sedimentary N2O production, and the emerging biodegradable MPs represented by PLA may have a greater potential to enhance estuarine N2O emissions and accelerate global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiongyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuxin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoluo Gong
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2000, the prevalence of recreational nitrous oxide (N2O) use has increased in the Western world. Although N2O is a relatively safe drug, the overall increase in the use of N2O has concomitantly also initiated a modest but important increase in the number of young excessive users. The recent introduction of large 2 kg N2O tanks, allowing high and prolonged dosing, has facilitated this excessive use. This is of concern, because repeated exposure to high doses of N2O for a prolonged time is known to induce neurological damage, such as (irreversible) neuropathy and paralysis due to N2O-induced vitamin B12 deficiency. The increasing trend of recreational users with N2O-induced neurological damage at emergency departments confirms the urgency of this development. OBJECTIVE/METHODS This narrative review describes recent trends in N2O use and misuse, the adverse health effects associated with excessive use and the risk factors of excessive use. RESULTS Considering the rising trend in N2O use, particularly among young and other vulnerable people, we propose to take legislative action to limit the availability of N2O, and also advocate for better and timely education of non-users, users and medical professionals about the serious side-effects associated with excessive N2O use. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the increase in excessive N2O use is of serious concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gc van Amsterdam
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Nabben
- Urban Governance and Social Innovation, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lancaster ST, Prohaska T, Irrgeher J. Low-level 40Ca determinations using nitrous oxide with reaction cell inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022. [PMID: 35641642 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the most abundant Ca isotope (40Ca) suffers from isobaric interference with argon, hindering the potential for low detection limits of Ca. A powerful approach is to remove the interference by using a reaction gas in a reaction cell. Ammonia (NH3) has proven to be an effective reaction gas by process of a charge transfer reaction. However, NH3 is highly corrosive and toxic and cannot remove isobaric 40 K. Therefore, this work proposes the use of nitrous oxide (N2O) to mass shift the target analyte 40Ca to 40Ca16O+ as a non-corrosive and non-toxic alternative. Instrument performance testing demonstrated that N2O was capable of reaching equivalent detection limits (0.015 ng g−1) and background equivalence concentrations (0.041 ng g−1) to that of NH3 and limited by the blank only. Further investigation of matrix interferences with synthetic standards highlighted that the N2O approach supports the separation of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg)–based interferences at tested concentrations of more than 600 times and almost 800 times higher than Ca respectively, whereas NH3 was found to only support the removal of Mg. This work highlights a clear advantage of N2O for low-level Ca determinations with high matrix loads, as well as compatibility with other instrumentation sensitive to corrosion that supports reaction cell technology.
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Giechaskiel B, Jakobsson T, Karlsson HL, Khan MY, Kronlund L, Otsuki Y, Bredenbeck J, Handler-Matejka S. Assessment of On-Board and Laboratory Gas Measurement Systems for Future Heavy-Duty Emissions Regulations. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:6199. [PMID: 35627733 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Road transport contributes significantly to air pollution in cities. Regulations across the globe continuously reduce the limits that vehicles need to respect during their lifetimes. Furthermore, more pollutants are being subject to control with new regulations and, most important, testing tends to be done under real-world conditions on the road. In this study, various portable systems were compared with laboratory-grade equipment with a wide range of emissions, focusing on the lower end, where the measurement uncertainty of the instruments is crucial for the determination of emission limits. The engines were diesel- and compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled. The results were promising, with relatively small differences between portable emissions measurement systems (PEMSs), portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and quantum cascade laser infrared (QCL-IR) spectrometers, and the respective laboratory-grade analyzers based on chemiluminescence detection (CLD), non-dispersive infrared (NDIR), and FTIR principles. The results also highlighted the need for strict technical regulations regarding accuracy and drift for low emission limits in future.
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Hu J, Jiang CS, Chen XT, Xiong YF, Hao QJ. [Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Biochar Application on N 2O Emission from a Vegetable Field]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:2163-2170. [PMID: 35393840 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the effects of biochar addition (B0:0 t·hm-2, B20:20 t·hm-2, and B40:40 t·hm-2) and mulching (FM:film and NM:no film) on vegetables. The impact of N2O emissions in the field was based on the pepper-radish rotation vegetable field system on the farm of Southwest University, using static dark box/gas chromatography to conduct in-situ observations in the field for one year. In this experiment, a total of six treatments were set up, namely NMB0 (CK) and FMB0, NMB20 and FMB20, and NMB40 and FMB40. The results showed that FM significantly increased the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the pepper season soil (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on soil environmental factors in the radish season. Compared with that of NM, the pepper season FM increased the N2O emissions of the B0, B20, and B40 treatments by 52.87%, 52.97%, and 52.49% (P<0.05), respectively, but the radish season FM had no significant effect on N2O emissions. Biochar had no significant effect on soil environmental factors in the pepper and radish seasons. The addition of biochar in the radish season reduced N2O emissions by 28.76%-67.88% (P<0.01), and the addition of biochar in the pepper season had no significant effect on N2O emissions. Compared with that of NM, under different biochar levels, FM increased the yield of pepper by 15.85%-161.32% and increased the yield of radish by 43.97%-75.80%. Biochar significantly increased the yield of peppers and had no significant effect on the yield of radishes. Regardless of whether the film was covered or not, when the amount of biochar added was 20 t·hm-2, the yields of pepper and radish were the highest. The analysis of N2O emission intensity revealed that FM in the pepper season significantly reduced N2O emission intensity, whereas in the radish season FM and biochar significantly reduced N2O emission intensity, and both planting seasons reached the lowest N2O emission intensity under the FMB20 treatment. Therefore, mulching and applying 20 t·hm-2 biochar were the best farmland management measures for the pepper season and radish season, which could achieve high yields and the lowest N2O emissions, accomplishing a win-win for economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin-Tong Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing-Ju Hao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
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35
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Wang L, Zhang K, Guo K, Liu L, Zhang T, Xu M, Yan X, Gao X. Multifactor effects on the N 2O emissions and yield of potato fields based on the DNDC model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:25448-25460. [PMID: 34845632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining or increasing grain yields while also reducing the emissions of field agricultural greenhouse gases is an important objective. To explore the multifactor effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and the yield of potato fields and to verify the applicability of the denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model when used to project the N2O emission load and yield, this research chooses a potato field in Shenyang northeast China from 2017 to 2019 as the experiment site. The experiment includes four nitrogen levels observing the emission of N2O by static chamber/gas chromatograph techniques. The results of this study are as follows: (1) DNDC has a good performance regarding the projection of N2O emissions and yields. The model efficiency index EFs were 0.45 ~ 0.88 for N2O emissions and 0.91, 0.85, and 0.85 for yields from 2017 to 2019. (2) The annual precipitation, soil organic carbon, and soil bulk density had the most significant influence on the accumulated N2O emissions during the growth period of potatoes. The annual precipitation, annual average temperature, and CO2 mass concentration had the most significant influences on yield. (3) Under the premise of a normal water supply, sowing potatoes within 5 days after the 5-day sliding average temperature in this area exceeds 10℃ can ensure the temperature required for the normal growth of potatoes and achieve the purpose of maintaining and increasing yield. (4) The application of 94.5 kg·hm-2 nitrogen and 15 mm irrigation represented the best results for reducing N2O emissions while also maintaining the yield in potato fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Kangjun Guo
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Limin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Mingjie Xu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xuefei Yan
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xining Gao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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36
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Pan D, Gelfand I, Tao L, Abraha M, Sun K, Guo X, Chen J, Robertson GP, Zondlo MA. A new open-path eddy covariance method for nitrous oxide and other trace gases that minimizes temperature corrections. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:1446-1457. [PMID: 34758177 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-power, open-path gas sensors enable eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements in remote areas without line power. However, open-path flux measurements are sensitive to fluctuations in air temperature, pressure, and humidity. Laser-based, open-path sensors with the needed sensitivity for trace gases like methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) are impacted by additional spectroscopic effects. Corrections for these effects, especially those related to temperature fluctuations, often exceed the flux of gases, leading to large uncertainties in the associated fluxes. For example, the density and spectroscopic corrections arising from temperature fluctuations can be one or two orders of magnitude greater than background N2 O fluxes. Consequently, measuring background fluxes with laser-based, open-path sensors is extremely challenging, particularly for N2 O and gases with similar high-precision requirements. We demonstrate a new laser-based, open-path N2 O sensor and a general approach applicable to other gases that minimizes temperature-related corrections for EC flux measurements. The method identifies absorption lines with spectroscopic effects in the opposite direction of density effects from temperature and, thus, density and spectroscopic effects nearly cancel one another. The new open-path N2 O sensor was tested at a corn (Zea mays L.) field in Southwestern Michigan, United States. The sensor had an optimal precision of 0.1 ppbv at 10 Hz and power consumption of 50 W. Field trials showed that temperature-related corrections were 6% of density corrections, reducing EC random errors by 20-fold compared to previously examined lines. Measured open-path N2 O EC fluxes showed excellent agreement with those made with static chambers (m = 1.0 ± 0.3; r2 = .96). More generally, we identified absorption lines for CO2 and CH4 flux measurements that can reduce the temperature-related corrections by 10-100 times compared to existing open-path sensors. The proposed method provides a new direction for future open-path sensors, facilitating the expansion of accurate EC flux measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Pan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environmental, NSF-ERC, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ilya Gelfand
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan, USA
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environmental, NSF-ERC, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Abraha
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan, USA
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Research and Education in eNergy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Xuehui Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environmental, NSF-ERC, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - G Philip Robertson
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark A Zondlo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environmental, NSF-ERC, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Raturi A, Singh H, Kumar P, Chanda A, Shukla N. Characterizing the post-monsoon CO 2, CH 4, N 2O, and H 2O vapor fluxes from a tropical wetland in the Himalayan foothill. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:50. [PMID: 34984556 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are emitters of greenhouse gases. However, many of the wetlands remain understudied (like temperate, boreal, and high-altitude wetlands), which constrains the global budgets. Himalayan foothill is one such data-deficient area. The present study reported (for the first time) the greenhouse gas fluxes (CO2, CH4, N2O, and H2O vapor) from the soils of the Nakraunda wetland of Uttarakhand in India during the post-monsoon season (October 2020 to January 2021). The sampling points covered six different types of soil within the wetlands. CO2, CH4, N2O, and H2O vapor emissions ranged from 82.89 to 1052.13 mg m-2 h-1, 0.56 to 2.25 mg m-2 h-1, 0.18 to 0.40 mg m-2 h-1, and 557.96 to 29,397.18 mg m-2 h-1, respectively, during the study period. Except for CO2, the other three greenhouse gas effluxes did not show any spatial variability. Soils close to "swamp proper" emitted substantially higher CO2 than the vegetated soils. Soil temperature exhibited exponential relationships with all the greenhouse gas fluxes, except for H2O vapor. The Q10 values for CO2, CH4, and N2O varied from 3.42 to 4.90, 1.66 to 2.20, and 1.20 to 1.30, respectively. Soil moisture showed positive relationships with all the greenhouse gas fluxes, except for N2O. The fluxes observed from Nakraunda were in parity with global observations. However, this study showed that wetlands experiencing lower temperature regime are also capable of emitting a substantial amount of greenhouse gases and thus, requires more study. Considering the seasonality of greenhouse gas fluxes should improve global wetland emission budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Raturi
- Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India.
| | - Hukum Singh
- Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India
| | - Parmanand Kumar
- Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India
| | - Abhra Chanda
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 0032, India
| | - Navneet Shukla
- Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India
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Kustov AL, Kustov LM. IR-Spectroscopic Study of Complex Formation of Nitrogen Oxides (NO, N 2O) with Cationic Forms of Zeolites and the Reactivity of Adsorbed Species in CO and CH 4 Oxidation. Molecules 2021; 27:55. [PMID: 35011287 PMCID: PMC8746350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of complexes and disproportionation of nitrogen oxides (NO, N2O) on cationic forms of LTA, FAU, and MOR zeolites was investigated by diffuse-reflectance IR spectroscopy. N2O is adsorbed on the samples under study in the molecular form and the frequencies of the first overtone of the stretching vibrations ν10-2 and the combination bands of the stretching vibrations with other vibrational modes for N2O complexes with cationic sites in zeolites (ν30-1 + ν10-1, ν10-1 + δ0-2) are more significantly influenced by the nature of the zeolite. The presence of several IR bands in the region of 2400-2600 cm-1 (the ν10-1 + δ0-2 transitions) for different zeolite types was explained by the availability of different localization sites for cations in these zeolites. The frequencies in this region also depend on the nature of the cation (its charge and radius). The data can be explained by the specific geometry of the N2O complex formed, presumably two-point adsorption of N2O on a cation and a neighboring oxygen atom of the framework. Adsorption of CO or CH4 on the samples with preliminarily adsorbed N2O at 20-180 °C does not result in any oxidation of these molecules. NO+ and N2O3 species formed by disproportionation of NO are capable of oxidizing CO and CH4 molecules to CO2, whereas NOx is reduced simultaneously to N2 or N2O. The peculiarities in the behavior of cationic forms of different zeolites with respect to adsorbed nitrogen oxides determined by different density and localization of cations have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Kustov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Bldg. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Ecotechnologies and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4 Leninsky Prosp., 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid M. Kustov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Bldg. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Ecotechnologies and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4 Leninsky Prosp., 119049 Moscow, Russia
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39
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Caré W, Dufayet L, Piot MA, Crassard I, Manceau P, Niclot P, Batisse A, Vodovar D. [Acute and chronic toxicities associated with the use and misuse of nitrous oxide: An update]. Rev Med Interne 2021:S0248-8663(21)00714-1. [PMID: 34903366 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is used since the eighteenth century as an anesthetic and analgesic but also for recreational use. If the labelled uses of N2O and their modalities are nowadays perfectly framed, the misuse of N2O takes very alarming proportions among teenagers and young adults. This misuse is the cause of acute (hypoxia, barotrauma, burns, neuropsychiatric disorders) and chronic complications if repeated (myeloneuropathy, anemia, thrombosis, inhalant use disorder). The main mechanism of the latter is mainly related to a functional deficit in vitamin B12 induced by N2O. The management of acute complications is symptomatic. The management of chronic complications is based on vitamin B12 supplementation. The best biomarker of chronic N2O exposure is the elevation of the plasmatic level of methylmalonic acid. In all cases of recreational misuses, addiction treatment is necessary to prevent complications or their worsening by providing information in order to stop consumption.
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40
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Gong Y, Wu J. Vegetation composition modulates the interaction of climate warming and elevated nitrogen deposition on nitrous oxide flux in a boreal peatland. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:5588-5598. [PMID: 34437735 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Northern peatlands with large organic nitrogen (N) storage have the potential to be N2 O hotspots under climate warming, elevated N deposition, and vegetation composition change caused by climate change. However, the interactions of these three factors and the primary controls on N2 O fluxes in peatlands are not well-known. Here, the three factors were manipulated in a boreal bog in western Newfoundland, Canada for 5 years. We found that warming mitigated the positive N effect on N2 O fluxes in the mid-growing season under intact vegetation owing to the increase of available N uptake by vegetation and less N for N2 O production. In contrast, warming strengthened the N effect on N2 O fluxes in the early growing season under the absence of graminoids or shrubs, which could be attributed to the increase of available carbon and nitrogen for N2 O production. It should be noted that these effects were not observed under the condition of low carbon availability. In addition, gross primary production was found as a critical control on N2 O fluxes under N addition. Our findings emphasize that the interaction of abiotic (warming and elevated nitrogen deposition) and biotic factors (vegetation composition change) on N2 O fluxes should be taken into account in order to project N2 O fluxes in peatland ecosystems accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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41
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Hashemi R, Gordon IE, Adkins EM, Hodges JT, Long DA, Birk M, Loos J, Boone CD, Fleisher AJ, Predoi-Cross A, Rothman LS. Improvement of the spectroscopic parameters of the air- and self-broadened N 2O and CO lines for the HITRAN2020 database applications. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transf 2021; 271:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2021.107735. [PMID: 37554518 PMCID: PMC10408379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2021.107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper outlines the major updates of the line-shape parameters that were performed for the nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon monoxide (CO) molecules listed in the HITRAN2020 database. We reviewed the collected measurements for the air- and self-broadened N2O and CO spectra to determine proper values for the spectroscopic parameters. Careful comparisons of broadening parameters using the Voigt and speed-dependent Voigt line-shape profiles were performed among various published results for both N2O and CO. Selected data allowed for developing semi-empirical models, which were used to extrapolate/interpolate existing data to update broadening parameters of all the lines of these molecules in the HITRAN database. In addition to the line broadening parameters (and their temperature dependences), the pressure shift values were revised for N2O and CO broadened by air and self for all the bands. The air and self speed-dependence of the broadening parameter for these two molecules were added for every transition as well. Furthermore, we determined the first-order line-mixing parameters using the Exponential Power Gap (EPG) scaling law. These new parameters are now available at HITRAN online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robab Hashemi
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iouli E. Gordon
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erin M. Adkins
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Joseph T. Hodges
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - David A. Long
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Manfred Birk
- Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling D-82234, Germany
| | - Joep Loos
- Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling D-82234, Germany
| | - Chris D. Boone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J. Fleisher
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | | | - Laurence S. Rothman
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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42
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Zhou B, Chen G, Dong C, Jiang Y, Chen H, Ouyang T, Li YY, Zhang Y. The short-term and long-term effects of Fe(II) on the performance of anammox granules. Water Environ Res 2021; 93:1651-1659. [PMID: 33657245 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fe(II) is one of the commonly used additives in wastewater treatment and proved to be beneficial for promoting microbial activity. In this study, the effects of Fe(II) on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and reactor performance were proved to be concentration-dependent. In the short-term experiment, low concentration of Fe(II) (5-80 mg/L) significantly enhanced the SAA, while high concentration of Fe(II) (120-300 mg/L) inhibited the SAA. It was confirmed that anammox can be domesticated after long-term exposure to low Fe(II) concentration, and the SAA could be further enhanced by higher Fe(II) concentration in the following phases. In addition, as an important factor for anammox granulation and maintaining the SAA, the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was also affected by Fe(II) addition. In spite of the effects on SAA and EPS, Fe(II) was proved to be the key factor that enhances the N2 O emission via abiotic pathway in the anammox reactor. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Low Fe(II) concentrations enhanced SAA, while high concentrations inhibited SAA. Long-term acclimatization by Fe(II) improved the tolerance of anammox to Fe(II). Fe(II) affects the amount and constituent of EPS and the performance of anammox granules. Accumulation of Fe(II) in the AAFEB reactor promoted the N2 O emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chifei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yushi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control (CPPC), College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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43
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Liu W, Zhang G, Sun B, Wang S, Lu Y, Xie H. Activation of NLR family, domain of pyrin containing 3 inflammasome by nitrous oxide through thioredoxin-interacting protein to induce nerve cell injury. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4768-4779. [PMID: 34348577 PMCID: PMC8806838 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1954741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) has been shown to be neurotoxic, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this work is to probe into the impact of N2O on nerve cell injury through regulating thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/the NOD-like receptor domain of pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway. The results indicated that, N2O exposure elevated TXNIP/NLRP3 expression in vivo and in vitro, led to declined learning and memory capabilities in mice, reduced apoptosis rate in hippocampal neuron and Nissl bodies, elevated inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels, as well as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expressions, and reduced Bcl-2 expression. Overexpressing TXNIP or NLRP3 further aggravated these injuries, but knocking down TXNIP or NLRP3 improved them. CO-IP indicated that TXNIP and NLRP3 can be combined, with interaction relationship. All in all, the results manifested that N2O is available to promote nerve cell inflammation and apoptosis through activating the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway that can be used as a potential target for N2O-induced nerve damage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenJuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai City, China
| | - GuangMing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai City, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - ShuYan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai City, China
| | - YinZhong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai City, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wang HH, Tan MY, Wang ZJ, Fu PJ, Li JQ, Tang SR, Wu YZ, Meng L. [Effects of Biochar Addition Under Different Water Management Conditions on N 2O Emission From Paddy Soils in Northern Hainan]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2021; 42:3943-3952. [PMID: 34309281 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202011197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alternating dry and wet conditions affect the main processes of N2O production, such as nitrification and denitrification. Such conditions are very common in tropical rice-growing areas, such as Hainan. As a type of soil amendment, biochar is widely used to improve physical and chemical properties of soil and to reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions. However, there is a lack of existing in-depth research on the emission reductions of biochar when used in tropical soils that undergo frequently alternating dry and wet conditions. In this experiment, typical paddy soil from northern Hainan was used as the test soil, and corn stalk biochar, carbonized under anaerobic conditions at 400℃, was used as the test biochar. This experiment explored the effects of adding biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions and microbial-related functional genes under different water management conditions. The experiment comprised a 30 d culture, kept in the dark at 25℃, and a total of six treatments:alternating dry-wet conditions without adding biochar (AWD1), alternating dry-wet conditions with 2% biochar (AWD2), alternating dry-wet conditions with 4% biochar (AWD3), continuous flooding without adding biochar (CF1), continuous flooding with 2% biochar (CF2), and continuous flooding with 4% biochar (CF3). The results showed that:① the addition of biochar under different moisture conditions can reduce N2O emissions in acidic paddy soil (P<0.05, the same below), as the total N2O emissions with the AWD3 treatment were 0.43 mg ·kg-1, which indicates an approximate reduction of 68%, relative to the AWD1 treatment; ② Corn stalk biochar can significantly increase the soil pH under different water management conditions. Compared to the no-biochar treatment, the soil pH increased by 0.5 units on average after cultivation with the addition of biochar, and as the soil NH4+-N content increased, it led to a decrease in Eh. ③ Corn stalk biochar significantly reduces the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and significantly increases the nosZ gene abundance. However, it decreases the ratio of (nirK+nirS)/nosZ, inhibits the nitrification process, and promotes the reduction of N2O in the denitrification process. Thereby, the addition of corn stalk biochar can reduce N2O emissions. These results show that alternating dry-wet conditions, combined with the addition of corn stalk biochar, are beneficial for reducing N2O emissions in paddy soil, which may have further application in the reduction of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in northern Hainan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Meng-Yi Tan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Pei-Jiao Fu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shui-Rong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yan-Zheng Wu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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45
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Xu R, Liu N, Dai C, Li Y, Zhang J, Wu B, Yu G, Chen B. H 2 O-Built Proton Transfer Bridge Enhances Continuous Methane Oxidation to Methanol over Cu-BEA Zeolite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16634-16640. [PMID: 33982395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Direct oxidation of methane to methanol (DMTM) is a big challenge in C1 chemistry. We present a continuous N2 O-DMTM investigation by simultaneously introducing 10 vol % H2 O into the reaction system over Cu-BEA zeolites. Combining a D2 O isotopic tracer technique and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation, we for the first time demonstrate that the H2 O molecules can participate in the reaction through a proton transfer route, wherein the H2 O molecules can build a high-speed proton transfer bridge between the generated moieties of CH3 - and OH- over the evolved mono(μ-oxo) dicopper ([Cu-O-Cu]2+ ) active site, thereby pronouncedly boosting the CH3 OH selectivity (3.1→71.6 %), productivity (16.8→242.9 μmol gcat -1 h-1 ) and long-term reaction stability (10→70 h) relative to the scenario of absence of H2 O. Unravelling the proton transfer of H2 O over the dicopper [Cu-O-Cu]2+ site would substantially contribute to highly efficient catalyst designs for the continuous DMTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinian Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Chengna Dai
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Biaohua Chen
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
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46
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y. Biochar Mitigates N 2O Emission of Microbial Denitrification through Modulating Carbon Metabolism and Allocation of Reducing Power. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:8068-8078. [PMID: 34029075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the direct effects of biochar on denitrification metabolism at the cellular level, the global response of model denitrifying soil bacterium (Paracoccus denitrificans) to biochar addition was investigated by physiological, proteomic, and metabolomics analyses. The enhancement effect on denitrification was positively correlated with its pyrolysis temperatures (300-500 °C) and dosages (0.1-1%), regardless of precursors [corn straw (CS) or wheat straw). Moreover, the stimulating effect of CS biochar made at 500 °C (CS-500) was mainly attributed to the bulk particles rather than the released soluble compounds. Without direct contact with cells, bulk CS-500 particles might directly modulate the carbon metabolism by the adsorption of extracellular metabolites. Since carbon flux to storage was shifted to oxidative catabolism and growth assimilation, more share of the produced reducing power was used for nitrogen reduction. Meanwhile, except for nitrate reductase, both protein expressions and enzyme activities of nitrite reductase, nitric oxide reductase, and nitrous oxide reductase were up-regulated. Accordingly, the accumulation of N2O was reduced by 98% due to the optimized electron distribution among denitrifying enzymes. Eventually, the growth rate of Pc. denitrificans enhanced because of the improved energy utilization efficiency. These results updated the regulation mechanism of biochar on denitrification metabolism and N2O mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhengzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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47
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Dang XT, Nguyen TX, Nguyen TTH, Ha HT. Nitrous Oxide-Induced Neuropathy among Recreational Users in Vietnam. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18126230. [PMID: 34207586 PMCID: PMC8296096 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) commonly referred to as laughing gas, has significant medical uses. This study aims to describe the neurological disorders associated with N2O. We conducted across-sectional study that enrolled patients with nitrous oxide toxicity admitted to Vietnam Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam from June 2018 to July 2019. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, characteristics of using N2O, signs and clinical symptoms, neuroimaging findings, injury on electromyography (EMG) and the Total Neuropathy Score clinical version (TNSc) criteria. A total of 47 participants were included with mean age: 24.38 ± 6.20 years. The number of balloons used per week was 130.59 ± 117.43. The mean duration of N2O exposure was 8.79 ± 7.1 months. Multivariate linear logistic regression revealed that the number of N2O balloons used per week was significantly associated with TNSc point (Beta: 0.315; 95% CI: 0.001–0.022). We found that myeloneuropathy and peripheral neuropathy were the main neurological disorders related to N2O abuse, which should improve the awareness of the appearance of neurological disorders associated with N2O abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Thi Dang
- Vietnam Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Xuan Nguyen
- Geriatrics Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thu Thi Hoai Nguyen
- Geriatrics Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hung Tran Ha
- Vietnam Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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48
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Maaz TM, Sapkota TB, Eagle AJ, Kantar MB, Bruulsema TW, Majumdar K. Meta-analysis of yield and nitrous oxide outcomes for nitrogen management in agriculture. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:2343-2360. [PMID: 33831231 PMCID: PMC8252581 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability. While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N2 O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions. In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N2 O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N2 O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield. Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators-partial N balance and partial factor productivity-predicted N2 O emissions as well as or better than N rate. While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade-offs between yield and N2 O emissions for fertilizer placement. Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co-vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency. Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N2 O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N2 O emissions while still achieving high crop yields. The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N2 O data collection should be prioritized in under-represented regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tek B. Sapkota
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement CenterTexcocoMexico
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49
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Nabben T, Weijs J, van Amsterdam J. Problematic Use of Nitrous Oxide by Young Moroccan-Dutch Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5574. [PMID: 34071087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O; laughing gas) has largely expanded in recent years. Although incidental use of nitrous oxide hardly causes any health damage, problematic or heavy use of nitrous oxide can lead to serious adverse effects. Amsterdam care centres noticed that Moroccan–Dutch young adults reported neurological symptoms, including severe paralysis, as a result of problematic nitrous oxide use. In this qualitative exploratory study, thirteen young adult Moroccan–Dutch excessive nitrous oxide users were interviewed. The determinants of problematic nitrous oxide use in this ethnic group are discussed, including their low treatment demand with respect to nitrous oxide abuse related medical–psychological problems. Motives for using nitrous oxide are to relieve boredom, to seek out relaxation with friends and to suppress psychosocial stress and negative thoughts. Other motives are depression, discrimination and conflict with friends or parents. The taboo culture surrounding substance use—mistrust, shame and macho culture—frustrates timely medical/psychological treatment of Moroccan–Dutch problematic nitrous oxide users. It is recommended to use influencers in media campaigns with the aim to decrease the risks of heavy nitrous oxide use and improve treatment access. Outreach youth workers can also play an important role in motivating socially isolated users to seek medical and or psychological help.
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50
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Abstract
A nitrous oxide (N2O)-consuming bacterium isolated from farmland soil actively consumed N2O under high pH conditions. An acetylene inhibition assay did not show the denitrification of N2 to N2O by this bacterium. When N2O was injected as the only nitrogen source, this bacterium did not assimilate N2O. A polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that this bacterium did not have the typical nosZ gene. This bacterium belonged to Chitinophagaceae, but did not belong to known families that include bacteria with the atypical nosZ. This is the first study to show that a non-denitrifier actively reduces N2O, even under high pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takatsu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
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