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Singh DK, Chauthe SK, Anjanappa P, Kumar S, Arulraj RA, Gajjela R, Mohammed N, Kanthappa VT, Karmakar A, Gupta AK, Bajpai L, Bagadi M, Mathur A. Synthesis and characterization of a series of N,N'-substituted urea derivatives by using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: Differentiation of positional isomers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9161. [PMID: 34240514 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Characterization of N,N'-substituted ureas was found to be challenging by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, particularly N-di- and tri-alkylated ureas because of the absence of adjacent protons. In the present study, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry has been used to differentiate positional isomeric pairs and to characterize a series of N,N'-substituted ureas, as these compounds have significant importance for drug discovery. Additionally, urea is an essential functionality in several bioactive compounds as well as a variety of clinically approved therapies. METHODS High-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-HR-MS/MS) has been used to characterize a series of N,N'-substituted urea derivatives and differentiate two pairs of positional isomers. The data was acquired by Xcaliber application in positive ionization mode. RESULTS ESI-HR-MS/MS spectra of [M + H]+ ions of the positional isomeric urea derivatives 8a and 8b show distinct fragmentation patterns. For example, the MS/MS spectrum of the [M + H]+ ion of isomer 8a displays the abundant fragment ion at m/z 285.1595, which was totally absent in isomer 8b. This would be plausibly formed by the cleavage of the C-N bond of the urea group with the elimination of the isocyanate moiety. In contrast, the MS/MS spectrum of the [M + H]+ ion of isomer 8b shows an intense ion at m/z 311.1389 which is completely absent in isomer 8a which would be formed by the cleavage of the C-N bond attached to the ring nitrogen. Similarly, another pair of positional isomers, 8c and 8d, have been clearly distinguished by their fragmentation behaviour. In addition, a series of N,N'-substituted urea derivatives were studied to investigate the impact of different substitution on the fragmentation behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that ESI-HR-MS/MS can be used to differentiate pairs of N,N'-substituted urea positional isomers and characterize a series of derivatives. It was observed that a characteristic fragment ion was formed by the C-N bond cleavage with the elimination of an isocyanate moiety. The proposed mechanism of fragmentation was supported by the change in the fragmentation pathway upon alkylation of the NH. In order to generalize this fragmentation pattern, a series of N-alkylated ureas was synthesized and studied by MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Singh
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Siddheshwar Kisan Chauthe
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Prakash Anjanappa
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Ruba A Arulraj
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Raju Gajjela
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Noor Mohammed
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Venkatesh T Kanthappa
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Ananta Karmakar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Lakshmikant Bajpai
- Department of Analytical Research & Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Muralidhararao Bagadi
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Rajana N, Ramana D, Ganta RR, Devi DR, Deshpande AA, Babu JM, Basavaiah K. An orthogonal approach for method development and validation of three potential halo alkyl alcohol genotoxic impurities in miglitol drug substance by fast gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Rajana
- Technology Development Center, Custom Pharmaceutical Services Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd Miyapur India
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
| | - D.V. Ramana
- Technology Development Center, Custom Pharmaceutical Services Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd Miyapur India
| | - Rama Rao Ganta
- Technology Development Center, Custom Pharmaceutical Services Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd Miyapur India
| | | | - Amol A. Deshpande
- Technology Development Center, Custom Pharmaceutical Services Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd Miyapur India
| | - J. Moses Babu
- Integrated Product Development Organization, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Innovation Plaza Bachupally India
| | - K. Basavaiah
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
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Sun C, Wang Y, Sun S, Chen X, Shi X, Fang H, Zhang Y, Fang Z. Fragmentation pathways of protonated coumarin by ESI-QE-Orbitrap-MS/MS coupled with DFT calculations. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4496. [PMID: 31914483 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin is one of the basic structures of naturally oxygen heterocyclic compound, which was investigated in this paper for its gas-phase fragmentation behaviors using electrospray quadrupole extractive orbitrap mass spectrometry in the positive mode. The possible fragmentation pathways were proposed based on electrospray ionization (ESI)- mass spectrometry (MS)/MS data and theory calculation. The elimination of two CO and CO2 was observed for protonated coumarin, which was followed by the formation of a stabilized seven-, six-, and five-membered ring carbocation by loss of C2H2. The possible protonation sites occurred at Oxygen 11 atom of coumarin were the main fragmentation pathways. The relative abundance of characteristic fragment ions and the energy-resolved breakdown curves were used to confirm the cleavage mechanism of protonated coumarin. The methodology and results of present work would contribute to the chemical structure identification of other coumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhai Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Yazhuo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Shiyuan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Xinlei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Hongzhuang Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
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Yu D, Liang X. Fragmentation pathways and differentiation of positional isomers of sorafenib and structural analogues by ESI-IT-MS n and ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS coupled with DFT calculations. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:579-589. [PMID: 29673031 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib is an orally active multikinase inhibitor for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. A series of sorafenib structural analogues were investigated in this work for their gas-phase fragmentation behaviors using electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the positive mode. The possible fragmentation pathways were proposed based on ESI-MS/MS data and theoretical calculation. Different from the typical α-cleavage of amide, consecutive reactions that involved elimination of H2 O and CH3 NC were observed for 2-pyridinecarboxamide derivatives, which were followed by the formation of a stabilized 7-membered ring carbocation by loss of CO. Two possible protonation sites occurred at carbonyl oxygen atoms for aryl-urea derivatives and the α-cleavage of urea was the main fragmentation pathways, which was followed by the formation of stable benzo [d] oxazole ring characteristic to aryl-urea derivatives. The relative abundance of characteristic fragment ions and the energy-resolved breakdown curves were used to distinguish the 4 sets of positional isomers of sorafenib and analogues. The methodology and results of the present work would contribute to the chemical structure identification of other structural analogues and the potential impurities presented in active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianrui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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