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Deshpande AA, Das AA, Deotale SB, Takalkar YP. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of surgical patients presenting in an emergency setting -Report from a tertiary referral centre. J Postgrad Med 2021; 67:198-204. [PMID: 34708693 PMCID: PMC8706529 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_103_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: At the onset of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, the publications on managing surgical emergencies were sparse. Health care personnel were facing an unprecedented problem with limited information. On this background, we have reviewed the operational challenges faced and the protocols followed by us while managing emergency surgical patients. The clinical presentations, RT-PCR testing rates, trend of COVID-19 positivity in emergency surgical patients and its comparison to the general population, swab positivity among screen positive and negative patients, grade of COVID-19 affection, the outcomes in emergency surgical patients, and COVID-19 affection in treating personnel is studied. Patients and Methods: A protocol for triaging patients at presentation into screen positive or negative for COVID-19 was instituted. A proforma for all admitted patients over the period of March 2020 to August 2020 was maintained. A retrospective review of this data was carried out after Institutional Ethics Committee permission. Results: A total of 222 patients presented to the surgical emergency, of which 110 required admission. Of the admitted patients, 28 were COVID-19 positive. The positivity amongst admitted and operated patients increased to 50% and 66.67%, respectively in August. The difference in mortality rate amongst the operated COVID-19 positive (11.1%) and negative (14.28%) patients was nonsignificant. None of the treating doctors had to be quarantined during this period. Conclusions: The number of COVID-19 positive patients rose serially over the study period. The outcome was not affected by the COVID-19 status in mild cases. A high rate of COVID-19 positivity was seen in patients requiring emergency surgery. Universal precautions ensured delivering treatment to emergency patients in standard time. Testing should continue for all as screening alone is not effective as the virus spreads into the population. Proper protocols helped us to protect the health care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Deshpande
- Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A A Das
- Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S B Deotale
- Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Y P Takalkar
- Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Rajana N, Ramana D, Ganta RR, Devi DR, Deshpande AA, Babu JM, Basavaiah K. An orthogonal approach for method development and validation of three potential halo alkyl alcohol genotoxic impurities in miglitol drug substance by fast gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Sep Sci plus 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Rajana
- Technology Development Center, Custom Pharmaceutical Services Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd Miyapur India
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
| | - D.V. Ramana
- Technology Development Center, Custom Pharmaceutical Services Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd Miyapur India
| | - Rama Rao Ganta
- Technology Development Center, Custom Pharmaceutical Services Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd Miyapur India
| | | | - Amol A. Deshpande
- Technology Development Center, Custom Pharmaceutical Services Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd Miyapur India
| | - J. Moses Babu
- Integrated Product Development Organization, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Innovation Plaza Bachupally India
| | - K. Basavaiah
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
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3
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Rajana N, Ramana D, Ganta RR, Devi DR, Deshpande AA, Babu JM, Basavaiah K. Back Cover: Development and validation of HPLC methodology for quantitative estimation of Efinaconazole in topical pharmaceutical formulation prepared in‐house for the treatment of onychomycosis. Sep Sci plus 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202070034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Visceral artery aneurysms (VAA) are an uncommon but well recognized condition. Hepatic artery aneurysms (HAA) represent 14-20% of all visceral artery aneurysms. Post traumatic hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon delayed complication of blunt liver trauma. Here we present a case of a 27 year old male with blunt abdominal trauma who developed a post traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery just proximal to its bifurcation into the left and right branches. The pseudoaneurysm ruptured within 12 hours of injury and he required double ligation of the hepatic artery as well as right and left hepatic arteries. However, the bleeding continued through the retrograde flow from the gastroduodenal artery and hence, ligation of gastrodudenal artery was also done. The decision of complete devasularisation of liver was taken as an emergency lifesaving procedure. The patient recovered and was discharged without sequel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Patel
- Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Shetty
- Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Shelake
- Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A A Deshpande
- Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Deshpande AA, Madhavan P, Deshpande GR, Chandel RK, Yarbagi KM, Joshi AR, Moses Babu J, Murali Krishna R, Rao IM. Novel, Precise, Accurate Ion-Pairing Method to Determine the Related Substances of the Fondaparinux Sodium Drug Substance: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin. Sci Pharm 2016; 84:19-40. [PMID: 27110496 PMCID: PMC4839259 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1505-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fondaparinux sodium is a synthetic low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). This medication is an anticoagulant or a blood thinner, prescribed for the treatment of pulmonary embolism and prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Its determination in the presence of related impurities was studied and validated by a novel ion-pair HPLC method. The separation of the drug and its degradation products was achieved with the polymer-based PLRPs column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) in gradient elution mode. The mixture of 100 mM n-hexylamine and 100 mM acetic acid in water was used as buffer solution. Mobile phase A and mobile phase B were prepared by mixing the buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 90:10 (v/v) and 20:80 (v/v), respectively. Mobile phases were delivered in isocratic mode (2% B for 0-5 min) followed by gradient mode (2-85% B in 5-60 min). An Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD) was connected to the LC system to detect the responses of chromatographic separation. Further, the drug was subjected to stress studies for acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal degradations as per ICH guidelines and the drug was found to be labile in acid, base hydrolysis, and oxidation, while stable in neutral, thermal, and photolytic degradation conditions. The method provided linear responses over the concentration range of the LOQ to 0.30% for each impurity with respect to the analyte concentration of 12.5 mg/mL, and regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient value (r(2)) of more than 0.99 for all the impurities. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.4 µg/mL and 4.1 µg/mL, respectively, for fondaparinux. The developed ion-pair method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to accuracy, selectivity, precision, linearity, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol A. Deshpande
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India
| | - P. Madhavan
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India
| | - Girish R. Deshpande
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India
| | - Ravi Kumar Chandel
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India
| | - Kaviraj M. Yarbagi
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India
| | - Alok R. Joshi
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India
| | - J. Moses Babu
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India
| | - R. Murali Krishna
- Department of Physical, Nuclear and Chemical Oceanology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India
| | - I. M. Rao
- Department of Physical, Nuclear and Chemical Oceanology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India
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Deshpande AA, Ramya A, Vishweshwar V, Deshpande GR, Roy AK. Applications of Gage Reproducibility & Repeatability (GRR): Understanding and Quantifying the Effect of Variations from Different Sources on a Robust Process Development. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5002935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amol A. Deshpande
- Custom Pharmaceutical
Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500049, India
| | - Ayyalasomayajula Ramya
- Custom Pharmaceutical
Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500049, India
| | - Vavilala Vishweshwar
- Custom Pharmaceutical
Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500049, India
| | - Girish R. Deshpande
- Custom Pharmaceutical
Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500049, India
| | - Amrendra Kumar Roy
- Process Engineering Excellence, CTO-III, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Plot 116, 126C & Survey Number 157, S.V. Co-operative Industrial Estate, IDA Bollaram, Jinnaram Mandal, Medak District, Telangana State 502325, India
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Dalvi AN, Thapar PM, Deshpande AA, Rege SA, Prabhu RY, Supe AN, Kamble RS. Laparoscopic splenectomy using conventional instruments. J Minim Access Surg 2011; 1:63-9. [PMID: 21206648 PMCID: PMC3004107 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9941.16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is an accepted procedure for elective splenectomy. Advancement in technology has extended the possibility of LS in massive splenomegaly [Choy et al., J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 14(4), 197–200 (2004)], trauma [Ren et al., Surg Endosc 15(3), 324 (2001); Mostafa et al., Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 12(4), 283–286 (2002)], and cirrhosis with portal hypertension [Hashizume et al., Hepatogastroenterology 49(45), 847–852 (2002)]. In a developing country, these advanced gadgets may not be always available. We performed LS using conventional and reusable instruments in a public teaching the hospital without the use of the advanced technology. The technique of LS and the outcome in these patients is reported. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing LS for various hematological disorders from 1998 to 2004 were included. Electrocoagulation, clips, and intracorporeal knotting were the techniques used for tackling short-gastric vessels and splenic pedicle. Specimen was delivered through a Pfannensteil incision. Results: A total of 26 patients underwent LS. Twenty-two (85%) of patients had spleen size more than 500 g (average weight being 942.55 g). Mean operative time was 214 min (45–390 min). The conversion rate was 11.5% (n = 3). Average duration of stay was 5.65 days (3–30 days). Accessory spleen was detected and successfully removed in two patients. One patient developed subphrenic abscess. There was no mortality. There was no recurrence of hematological disease. Conclusion: Laparoscopic splenectomy using conventional equipment and instruments is safe and effective. Advanced technology has a definite advantage but is not a deterrent to the practice of LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Dalvi
- Department of General Surgery, King Edward VII Memorial Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Mumbai, India
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8
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Kothari KS, Madiwale CV, Deshpande AA. Cystic lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid as an early indicator of HIV infection. J Postgrad Med 2009; 55:135-6. [DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.52847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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9
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Deshpande AA, Atlas S, Furlan AD, Mailis-Gagnon A, Peloso PM, Turk D. Opioids for Chronic Low Back Pain. Hippokratia 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Kulkarni D, Kulkarni H, Deshpande AA, Karyakarte R, Mishrikotkar P, Kandi J. Hydatid cyst of orbit--a case report. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2002; 45:177-8. [PMID: 12696735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
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11
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Kulkarni D, Kulkarni H, Kulkarni V, Deshpande AA, Kandi JS. Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous--a case report. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2001; 44:497-8. [PMID: 12035380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Kulkarni
- Department of Pathology, MGM's Medical College, Samarth Nagar, Aurangabad
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12
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Rege SA, Narlawar RS, Deshpande AA, Dalvi AN. Iatrogenic gastric fistula due to inappropriate placement of intercostal drainage tube in a case of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. J Postgrad Med 2001; 47:108-10. [PMID: 11832600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A 26-year-old, 30 weeks primigravida presented with a gastric fistula through a left intercostal drain, which was inserted for drainage of suspected haemopneumothorax following minor trauma. It was confirmed to be a diaphragmatic hernia, with stomach and omentum as its contents. On exploratory laparotomy, disconnection of the tube and fistulous tract, with reduction of herniated contents and primary suturing of stomach was carried out. Diaphragmatic reconstruction with polypropylene mesh was also carried out. Post-operative recovery was uneventful with full lung expansion by 3rd postoperative day. Patient was asymptomatic at follow-up 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rege
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, Seth G. S. Medical college and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, India
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13
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Dalvi AN, Rege SA, Ravikiran CS, Thapar BV, Deshpande AA. Laparoscopic repair of Morgagni hernia in adult. Indian J Gastroenterol 2001; 20:70. [PMID: 11305496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Foramen of Morgagni hernias require surgical treatment; laparoscopic repair is another option with lower morbidity. We describe a 35-year-old man with Morgagni hernia treated successfully by laparoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Dalvi
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgical Services, Seth G S Medical College and K E M Hospital, Mumbai
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14
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Dalvi AN, Deshpande AA, Doctor NH, Maydeo A, Bapat RD. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patient with portal cavernoma and portal hypertension. Indian J Gastroenterol 2001; 20:32-3. [PMID: 11206876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been reported in patients with cirrhosis of liver with portal hypertension; the procedure has, however, not been reported in patients with portal vein thrombosis, portal cavernoma and portal hypertension. We report an 18-year-old man with portal hypertension due to portal vein thrombosis and portal cavernoma who had symptomatic gallstone disease and was successfully treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Dalvi
- Department of General Surgery, King Edward VII Memorial Hospital and Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai.
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15
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Deshpande AA, Kulkarni VM, Rege S, Dalvi AN, Hardikar JV. Ruptured true aneurysm of the splenic artery: an unusual cause of haemoperitoneum. J Postgrad Med 2000; 46:191-2. [PMID: 11298470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
True aneurysm of the splenic artery is rare. Two cases of ruptured true splenic artery aneurysms are presented. The first patient was a 62-year-old female who presented within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms. The other was a 27-year-old non-alcoholic male patient who was admitted in a state of shock after 2 days of observation in a peripheral hospital. Both patients had haemoperitoneum and were subjected to exploratory laparotomy. Aneurysmectomy was performed in both the patients in addition to left splenopancreatectomy in the first case and splenectomy in the second. However, due to the prolonged preoperative shock, the second patient succumbed on the third postoperative day.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Deshpande
- Departments of Gastroenterology Surgical Service and General Surgery, Seth G. S. Medical College and K. E. M. Hospital, Parel, Mumba-400 012, India
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Dalvi AN, Deshpande AA, Prabhu R, Rao PP, Rege S, Agrawal JB, Bapat RD. Laparoscopic management of hydatid cyst of liver. Indian J Gastroenterol 2000; 19:81-2. [PMID: 10812822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe the laparoscopic excision of a hydatid cyst in the liver. During the procedure, done after treatment with the scolicidal agents praziquantel and albendazole, care was taken to prevent spillage of scolices during evacuation of contents and to excise the entire germinal epithelium. The patient had no immediate or short-term complications and is asymptomatic 3 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Dalvi
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgical Services and General Surgery, Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai.
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17
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Deshpande AA, Thapar VK, Bakshi GD, Joshi A, Rao PP, Supe AN. Synchronous primary adenocarcinoma of small and large bowel. Indian J Gastroenterol 1998; 17:156. [PMID: 9795510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synchronous cancer of the small and large bowel is rare. We report a 45-year-old woman with synchronous primary cancer of the jejunum and descending colon who presented with intestinal obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Deshpande
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai
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Deshpande AA, Heller J, Gurny R. Bioerodible polymers for ocular drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 1998; 15:381-420. [PMID: 9736417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of ophthalmic drug-delivery systems has always been challenging. The commonly used route for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye has been the conjunctival cul-de-sac. Because of drawbacks associated with this route, new approaches have been investigated for delivery of drugs to the eye by means of polymeric delivery systems. Development of controlled drug-release devices has been a major step forward in this respect. Bioerodible polymers have been at the forefront of such systems. They are very important because they eliminate the need for removing the implant after complete drug release. Bioerodible polymers have been divided into three classes based on their mechanism of hydrolysis: Type I--hydrolysis of crosslinked hydrogels; Type II--solubilization by ionization or hydrolysis of linear polymers; and Type III--biodegradation by backbone cleavage. Polymers from all three classes are discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Deshpande
- School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Moorthy K, Rao PP, Deshpande AA, Thakur RK, Supe AN. Fetus in fetu or a retroperitoneal teratoma--a controversy revisited. A case report and review of literature. Indian J Cancer 1997; 34:179-81. [PMID: 9715542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A 25 year old man male presented with a lump in the left side of the abdomen. Ultrasonography revealed an echogenic retroperitoneal mass with hyperechoic areas within it suggestive of bone. CT scan confirmed the presence of a large retroperitoneal mass with bone within it. On exploration there was a large encapsulated retroperitoneal lump. There was a soft tissue mass within the lump surrounded by a yellow pultaceous material admixed with pus. Examination of the specimen showed a bone at the cephalic end with teeth embedded within it. There were two limb buds near the cephalic end. The whole specimen was covered with skin with all its appendages. There was coelomic cavity present. The distinction between fetus in fetus and teratoma has for long been the subject of controversy. According to the criteria described by Willis, there should be a vertebral axis present to make the diagnosis of fetus in fetu. But there have been a few reports where cases have been described as fetus in fetu even in the absence of a vertebral axis. A review of the literature concerning this controversy is briefly given.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moorthy
- Department of Surgery, Seth G. S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, India
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Abstract
Several antibiotics such as erythromycin, oxytetracyclin, benzylpenicillin, and actidione were extracted from aqueous buffers into reverse micellar solution of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) in isooctane and recovered with high efficiency under mild conditions. Preliminary experiments with oxytetracycline dissolved in a fermentation broth indicate that the antibiotic can be selectively extracted from the broth and recovered efficiently without serious loss of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Fadnavis
- Biotransformation Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE We report on the development of a novel controlled-release gastric retention system, which consists of a matrix tablet, coated with a permeable membrane. When immersed in simulated gastric fluid, the tablet expands. The tablet remains expanded for eighteen to twenty hours, during which time the drug is released. The tablet then either disintegrates into fragments or loses its integrity. METHODS Tablets containing a soluble drug (chlorpheniramine maleate, i.e., CPM) and a poorly soluble drug (riboflavin 5' phosphate, i.e., R5'P) were compressed. They were coated with a permeable and elastic polymer (Eudragit). Dissolution profiles of these tablets were studied. The changes in the pH, viscosity, and deformation characteristics as a function of time were measured. RESULTS Carbopol provided a firm structure to the swollen tablet. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone XL (PVP XL) contributed to the swelling of the tablet. Carbonates provided the initial alkaline micro-environment for Carbopol to gel and conferred buoyancy to the tablet. Coating provided the support needed for the core to remain intact during drug release and, at the same time, it allowed drug release due to its permeable nature. During release, the gelling properties of Carbopol lessened, resulting in a decrease in the firmness of the core. This was evident from the decrease in the viscosity of the core. The energy required at 50% strain also decreased as the drug release progressed. CONCLUSIONS When this tablet is ingested, the chances of its elimination through the pylorus should be greatly reduced due to tablet's expansion, and due to its disintegration or loss in integrity it should then be expelled out of the stomach at the end of the drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Deshpande
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute inpatient traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation has seen a jump in complexity of medical patient care over the past several years, often necessitating transfer back to an acute care facility. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between selected clinical variables and transfer from inpatient rehabilitation to an acute care facility. DESIGN A retrospective review of cases from 1992 to 1994. SETTING A TBI unit in a freestanding rehabilitation hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-two patients were identified as having received acute care transfer. This group was compared with 78 patients, admitted in the same interval, who did not require acute care transfer. The variables evaluated included recent surgery, pneumonia, fracture, intracranial blood, tracheostomy use, percutaneous feeding tube use, deep venous thrombosis, focal neurological examination, following simple commands, serum sodium level of < 135 mmol/L, serum white blood cell count of > 11,000 cells/microL, and serum hemoglobin level of < 10.0 g/dl. ANALYSIS Chi-square analysis was performed on the association between acute care transfer and the noted variables. RESULTS History of pneumonia (p < .03) and history of recent surgery (p < .02) were both associated with acute care transfer, and serum hemoglobin of < 10.0 g/dL had a trend towards association (p < .10). CONCLUSION Physiatrists caring for the TBI patient may warrant more acute observation of individuals with these parameters to prevent the problems necessitating acute care transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Deshpande
- Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Detroit 48201, USA
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Supe AN, Rangnekar NP, Deshpande AA, Moorthy KM. Factors predicting morbidity and mortality in intestinal fistulae. Indian J Gastroenterol 1997; 16:49-51. [PMID: 9114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal fistulae are a daunting clinical problem. AIM To evaluate the influence of various severity factors on morbidity and mortality in patients with intestinal fistulae. METHOD In 29 patients with intestinal fistulae, eight severity factors, viz., age, associated bowel disease, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, high-output fistula, category IV fistula, excoriation of skin surrounding the stoma, and sepsis, were analyzed prospectively to assess their effect on healing of fistulae and mortality. Chi-squared test with Yates' correction was used. RESULTS Age, presence of associated bowel disease, and hemoglobin levels had no significant effect on healing or mortality. Hypoalbuminemia, category IV fistulae, presence of local skin excoriation, and sepsis significantly delayed healing (p < 0.05). High-output fistula, category IV fistula, local skin excoriation, and sepsis were significantly associated with high mortality (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Identification of these prognostic factors in intestinal fistulae may guide the need for more intensive care or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Supe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai
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Abstract
The aim of the present experiments was to test the effects of two native neuropeptides, [His5,Trp7,Tyr8]gonadotropin-releasing hormone (chicken GnRH II) and [Trp7,Leu8]GnRH (salmon GnRH), on the sympathoadrenal system of chronically cannulated, conscious bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). We observed that i.v. injection of chicken GnRH II or salmon GnRH increased plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations, at doses that did not significantly affect arterial blood pressure or heart rate. Chicken GnRH II was 10 times more potent than salmon GnRH for increasing plasma adrenaline, while the two neuropeptides were equally effective in raising noradrenaline concentration. These observations are consistent with a regulatory role for chicken GnRH II in the bullfrog sympathoadrenal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Wilson
- Department of Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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