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Bojar AV, Lécuyer C, Bojar HP, Fourel F, Chmiel S. Monitoring of stable isotope composition of precipitation reveals thunderstorm dynamics. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39066636 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2024.2380059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The summer of 2019 is particularly well known for the famous heatwaves that swept across the European continent, with its associated drought and record-breaking air temperatures. This was followed by powerful thunderstorms, characterised by hail and heavy rain that damaged the crops on a regional scale. Here, we investigated one of the largest storm cells, lasting more than 6 h, which struck southwestern Romania. High-temporal resolution sampling of storm precipitation was performed for stable isotope measurements, rainfall and air temperature, to follow the storm dynamics. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements show an abrupt decreasing temporal trend followed by superimposed V-shaped patterns interpreted as reflecting moisture replenishment by successive rain bands. To model the stable isotope values of precipitation in relation to the general trend of decreasing air temperatures, we applied a numerical Rayleigh condensation model for a non-constant α isotopic fractionation factor between liquid water and water vapour. The storm is powered by four consecutive moisture fronts, each following a Rayleigh distribution. About 40 % of the water vapour condenses during the sampled storm due to adiabatic expansion and cooling, which lowers saturation. Condensation ceases when cooling and absolute humidity can no longer sustain the dew point, stopping the rain. The timing of the event, occurring late at night and early in the morning, its duration of over 6 h as well as its synoptic scale may indicate a mesoscale convective complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Voica Bojar
- Department of Geology, Salzburg University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Mineralogy, Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria
| | - Christophe Lécuyer
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5276, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Hans-Peter Bojar
- Department of Mineralogy, Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria
| | - François Fourel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, LEHNA UMR CNRS 5023, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stanislaw Chmiel
- Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Wassenaar LI, Douence C, Miller J. Assessing the performance of international laboratories analysing the stable isotope composition (δ 15 N, δ 18 O, δ 17 O) of nitrate in environmental waters. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9642. [PMID: 37942688 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable-isotope analyses of nitrate (NO3 - ) in various water sources are crucial for understanding nitrogen pollution and its impact on aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the accuracy and precision of stable-isotope analyses of nitrate conducted by international laboratories. METHODS Six samples with nitrate (2 mg L-1 NO3 - -N) were sent to 47 laboratories. The NO3 - had a 30-50 ‰ range of δ values for δ15 N, δ18 O and δ17 O. One blind duplicate evaluated reproducibility and the effect of water δ18 O. Laboratories used diverse methods to convert nitrate to N2 O, N2 , CO or O2 for stable-isotopic measurements (microbial, cadmium, titanium and elemental analysis) and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry or laser-based technologies. RESULTS Thirty-six international laboratories (83 %) reported results; however, 23 % did not analyze the test samples due to technical difficulties. Of the reporting laboratories, 79 % and 84 % produced accurate δ15 N and δ18 O results falling within ±0.8 ‰ and ±1.1 ‰ of the benchmark values, respectively. Three laboratories produced only outliers. The duplicate revealed most laboratories gave internally reproducible results at appropriate analytical precision. For δ17 O, six laboratories reported results, but 67 % could not reproduce results within their claimed analytical measurement precision. One complication is a lack of nitrate reference materials for δ17 O. CONCLUSIONS Analyst experience contributed to better performance, and underperformance was from compromised standards or inappropriate δ range of working reference materials. The stable isotope community must develop new nitrate reference materials for δ15 N spanning -20 ‰ to +80 ‰ and new materials for δ17 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard I Wassenaar
- Water Resources Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
- Wassercluster Lunz Biologische Station, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Cedric Douence
- Water Resources Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jodie Miller
- Water Resources Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
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Séon N, Brasseur I, Scala C, Tacail T, Catteau S, Fourel F, Vincent P, Lécuyer C, Suan G, Charbonnier S, Vinçon-Laugier A, Amiot R. Determination of water balance maintenance in Orcinus orca and Tursiops truncatus using oxygen isotopes. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245648. [PMID: 37901938 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The secondary adaptation of Cetacea to a fully marine lifestyle raises the question of their ability to maintain their water balance in a hyperosmotic environment. Cetacea have access to four potential sources of water: surrounding salt oceanic water, dietary free water, metabolic water and inhaled water vapour to a lesser degree. Here, we measured the 18O/16O oxygen isotope ratio of blood plasma from 13 specimens belonging to two species of Cetacea raised under human care (four killer whales Orcinus orca, nine common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus) to investigate and quantify the contribution of preformed water (dietary free water, surrounding salt oceanic water) and metabolic water to Cetacea body water using a box-modelling approach. The oxygen isotope composition of Cetacea blood plasma indicates that dietary free water and metabolic water contribute to more than 90% of the total water input in weight for cetaceans, with the remaining 10% consisting of inhaled water vapour and surrounding water accidentally ingested or absorbed through the skin. Moreover, the contribution of metabolic water appears to be more important in organisms with a more lipid-rich diet. Beyond these physiological and conservation biology implications, this study opens up questions that need to be addressed, such as the applicability of the oxygen isotope composition of cetacean body fluids and skeletal elements as an environmental proxy of the oxygen isotope composition of present and past marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Séon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, UMR 5276, CNRS, ENSL, UJM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | | | | | - Théo Tacail
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sidonie Catteau
- Marineland, 2 Route de la Brague, 06600 Antibes, France
- Réseau Tortues Marines de Méditerranée Française, Société Herpétologique de France, 57 Rue 15 Cuvier, CP4157, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Fourel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS UMR 5023, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Peggy Vincent
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Christophe Lécuyer
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, UMR 5276, CNRS, ENSL, UJM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Suan
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, UMR 5276, CNRS, ENSL, UJM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Charbonnier
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, UMR 5276, CNRS, ENSL, UJM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Romain Amiot
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, LGL-TPE, UMR 5276, CNRS, ENSL, UJM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Keinan J, Goldsmith Y. A simple method for rapid removal of the memory effect in cavity ring-down spectroscopy water isotope measurements. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9600. [PMID: 37698151 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The accuracy determined in the routine analysis of water isotopes (δ17 O, δ18 O, δ2 H) using cavity ring-down spectroscopy is greatly affected by the memory effect (ME), a sample-to-sample carryover that biases measurements. This study aims to develop a simple method that rapidly removes the ME. METHODS We developed a method, designed for the Picarro L2140-i, that removes the ME by injecting small amounts of water with an extreme isotopic value ("kick") in the opposite direction of the ME. We conducted 11 experiments to identify the optimal kick for pairs of isotopically enriched and depleted samples. Once quantified, the optimal kick was used to create an ME-free, unbiased calibration curve, which was verified using international and internal lab standards. RESULTS Our kick method removes the ME very efficiently in half the time it takes for experiments without a kick. The optimal number of kick injections required to minimize stabilization time between standards of different compositions is three injections of δ2 H ≈ -1000‰ water per a 100‰ difference between standards. Three runs of routine measurements using the kick method resulted in uncertainties of 0.03‰, 0.2‰, and 5 permeg for δ18 O, δ2 H, and 17 O-excess, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a new method for rapidly removing the ME. Our kick protocol is a readily available, cheap, and efficient approach to reduce instrumental bias and improve measurement accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Keinan
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yonaton Goldsmith
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Pinasseau L, Mermillod-Blondin F, Fildier A, Fourel F, Vallier F, Guillard L, Wiest L, Volatier L. Determination of groundwater origins and vulnerability based on multi-tracer investigations: New contributions from passive sampling and suspect screening approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162750. [PMID: 36907410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about groundwater origins and their interactions with surface water is fundamental to assess their vulnerability. In this context, hydrochemical and isotopic tracers are useful tools to investigate water origins and mixing. More recent studies examined the relevance of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) as co-tracers to distinguish sources contributing to groundwater bodies. However, these studies focused on known and targeted CECs a priori selected regarding their origin and/or concentrations. This study aimed to improve these multi-tracer approaches using passive sampling and qualitative suspect screening by exploring a larger variety of historical and emerging concern contaminants in combination with hydrochemistry and water molecule isotopes. With this objective, an in-situ study was conducted in a drinking water catchment area located in an alluvial aquifer recharged by several water sources (both surface and groundwater sources). CECs determined by passive sampling and suspect screening allowed to provide in-depth chemical fingerprints of groundwater bodies by enabling the investigation of >2500 compounds with an increased analytical sensitivity. Obtained cocktails of CECs were discriminating enough to be used as chemical tracer in combination with hydrochemical and isotopic tracers. In addition, the occurrence and type of CECs contributed to a better understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions and highlighted short-time hydrological processes. Furthermore, the use of passive sampling with suspect screening analysis of CECs lead to a more realistic assessment and mapping of groundwater vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Pinasseau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélie Fildier
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Fourel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Félix Vallier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ludovic Guillard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laure Wiest
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurence Volatier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Terzer-Wassmuth S, Wassenaar LI, Araguás-Araguás LJ, Stumpp C. Balancing precision and throughput of ..17O and .÷...17O analysis of natural waters by Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy. MethodsX 2023; 10:102150. [PMID: 37091953 PMCID: PMC10113836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
δ 17O and Δ'17O are emerging tracers increasingly used in isotope hydrology, climatology, and biochemistry. Differentiating small relative abundance changes in the rare 17O isotope from the strong covariance with 18O imposes ultra-high precision requirements for this isotope analysis. Measurements of δ 17O by Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (CRDS) are attractive due to the ease of sample preparation, automated throughput, and avoidance of chemical conversions needed for isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. However, the CRDS approach requires trade-offs in measurement precision and uncertainty. In this protocol document, we present the following:•New analytical procedures and a software tool for conducting δ 17O and Δ'17O measurements by CRDS.•Outline a robust uncertainty framework for Δ'17O determinations.•Description of a CRDS performance framework for optimizing throughput, instrumental stability, and Δ'17O measurement precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Terzer-Wassmuth
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section; Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Leonard I. Wassenaar
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section; Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
- Wassercluster Lunz Biological Research Station, Dr Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Luis J. Araguás-Araguás
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section; Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Koeniger P, Stumpp C, Schmidt A. Stable isotope patterns of German rivers with aspects on scales, continuity and network status. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2022; 58:363-379. [PMID: 36219556 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2127702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Germany, river monitoring for tritium started in the early 1970s. Today this monitoring network consists of 50 stations and includes stable isotopes. The stable isotope time series to the end of 2021 are at least four years and for some stations up to 30 years long. Daily river water samples were collected during an extraordinary dry season from October 2018 until end of January 2019 from six selected stations of the Rhine and five stations of the Elbe basin. The most dominating stable isotope effects in river water are the seasonal and altitude effects, but also a continental effect is visible. The isotopes indicate snow and ice melt contributions in the Rhine and Danube during the summer months and a consecutive dilution of these signals by mixing with tributary rivers. Close to the coasts in northern Germany, stable isotope patterns reflect influence of seawater and tides. Daily patterns during the dry season 2018/2019 surprisingly do not exhibit extreme changes but rather trends of enhanced groundwater contribution. Long-term continual data across scales are important for comparing and identifying hydrological processes in German river basins of different size and mean catchment altitudes, and highlight the benefits of a co-organized national network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Koeniger
- Groundwater Resources Quality and Dynamics, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Radiology and Water Quality Monitoring, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz, Germany
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Wassenaar L, Terzer-Wassmuth S, Douence C. Progress and challenges in dual- and triple-isotope (δ 18 O, δ 2 H, Δ 17 O) analyses of environmental waters: An international assessment of laboratory performance. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9193. [PMID: 34490664 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotope analyses of environmental waters (δ2 H, δ18 O) are an important assay in hydrology and environmental research with rising interest in δ17 O, which requires ultra-precise assays. We evaluated isotope analyses of six test water samples for 281 laboratory submissions measuring δ2 H and δ18 O along with a subset analyzing δ17 O and Δ17 O by laser spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). METHODS Six test waters were distributed to laboratories spanning a wide δ range of natural waters for δ2 H, δ18 O and δ17 O and Δ17 O. One sample was a blind duplicate to test reproducibility and claims of analytical precision. RESULTS Results showed that ca 83% of the submissions produced acceptable δ18 O and δ2 H results within 0.2‰ (mUr) and 1.6‰ of the benchmark values, respectively. However, 17% of the submissions gave questionable to unacceptable results. A blind duplicate revealed many laboratories reported overly optimistic precision, and many could not replicate within their claimed precision. For Δ17 O, dual-inlet results for IRMS using quantitative O2 conversion were accurate and highly precise, but the results for laser spectrometry ranged by ca 200 per meg (μUr) for each sample, with ca 70% unable to replicate the duplicate to their claimed Δ17 O precision. One complicating factor is the lack of certified primary reference waters for δ17 O. CONCLUSIONS No single factor or combination of factors was identifiable for poor or good performance, and underperformance came from issues like data normalization including inadequate memory and drift corrections, compromised working reference materials and underperforming instrumentation. We recommend isotope laboratories include high and low δ value controls of known isotope composition in each run. Progress in Δ17 O analyses by laser spectrometry requires extraordinary proof of performance claims and would benefit from the development of adoptable and systematic advanced data processing procedures to correct for memory and drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Wassenaar
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Terzer-Wassmuth
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cedric Douence
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
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Reynard LM, Wong WW, Tuross N. Accuracy and Practical Considerations for Doubly Labeled Water Analysis in Nutrition Studies Using a Laser-Based Isotope Instrument (Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy). J Nutr 2021; 152:78-85. [PMID: 34718673 PMCID: PMC8754563 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the utility of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method for determination of energy expenditure, additional techniques for isotope analysis of the samples are welcome. Laser-based instruments are one such new analytical tool, but their accuracy and feasibility for DLW studies are grossly understudied. OBJECTIVES We assessed the accuracy of laser-based isotope ratio measurements as part of the DLW method for estimation of carbon dioxide production rate (rCO2) and total energy expenditure (TEE), in between-group comparison study designs. METHODS Urine samples from a previous study were analyzed with a laser-based instrument [off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS)]. In that study, participants consumed a high-, moderate-, or low-carbohydrate diet for 20 wk; urine samples were obtained in weeks 18-20 before and after a 2H- and 18O-enriched water dose. Isotope ratios (δ2H and δ18O), rCO2, and TEE calculated by standard methods were compared to results previously obtained with the standard technique of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Bias, SD, and bias ± 1.96SD bands between IRMS and OA-ICOS were computed. RESULTS The between OA-ICOS and IRMS rCO2 and TEE trends were equivalent (within 1.2% and 4.1%, respectively), in spite of the differences in measured δ18O values at high enrichment levels. The OA-ICOS δ18O values displayed an increasing offset from the IRMS results as the 18O enrichment increased (mean ± SD 4.6-5.7‰ ± 2‰ offset at the time point with highest 18O enrichment, ∼135‰), whereas the hydrogen isotope ratio (δ2H) differed only slightly between the methods (mean offset -4.9‰ for all time points). The between-diet differences in TEE from the previous study were recapitulated with a smaller subset of participants and time points. CONCLUSIONS OA-ICOS analysis is an accurate and feasible technique for the DLW method. Given the δ18O offset observed at high enrichment, validation of each OA-ICOS instrumental setup against established methods (e.g., IRMS) is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William W Wong
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noreen Tuross
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Terzer-Wassmuth S, Wassenaar LI. Performance of low-cost stainless-steel beverage kegs for long-term storage integrity and easy dispensing of water isotope (δ 18 O, δ 2 H) reference materials. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9164. [PMID: 34270817 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A widespread problem observed in global water isotope (δ18 O, δ2 H) proficiency tests is compromised working reference materials due to storage-dispensing evaporation effects. Proper storage requires no evaporation or leakage, which causes isotopic drift and bias. Surveys by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) show most isotope laboratories use glass or plastic bottles to store working reference materials, with frequent opening and closings that pose evaporation risks. Practical small (ca. 2-5 L) storage-dispensing solutions free of air exposure, evaporation, and leakage are needed. We also tested several smaller-scale bottles for day-to-day aliquots. METHODS We tested low-cost, conveniently sized (4 L) adaptations of a common stainless-steel beverage keg with a liquid dispenser, with minor modifications to facilitate low-flow dispensing and pressurization (1-2 bar) with Ar or N2 . We tested three kegs (100%, 75%, 50% initial fills) for a 2-year period along with monthly dispensing to assess long-term storage viability for maintaining δ18 O and δ2 H integrity and dispensing, and day-to-day aliquot bottles for 6 months. RESULTS Test results showed these small keg storage systems fully maintained the isotopic integrity of water over the 2-year testing period with no trend in the isotopic data that would reveal evaporative loss or leakage (e.g., pressure or mass loss) regardless of starting fill level. However, evaporated water in the outlet tube assembly must be eliminated by discarding 15-20 mL before dispensing into appropriate daily-use laboratory standard bottles (30-100 mL). Glass bottles for daily aliquots showed good integrity properties, but only if their fill level was >50%. CONCLUSIONS The use of a low-cost pressurized metal beverage keg dispensing system provides a robust solution to enable laboratories to maintain the integrity of their water isotope working reference materials over several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Terzer-Wassmuth
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, Vienna, 1400, Austria
| | - Leonard I Wassenaar
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, Vienna, 1400, Austria
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Jódar J, Herms I, Lambán LJ, Martos-Rosillo S, Herrera-Lameli C, Urrutia J, Soler A, Custodio E. Isotopic content in high mountain karst aquifers as a proxy for climate change impact in Mediterranean zones: The Port del Comte karst aquifer (SE Pyrenees, Catalonia, Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148036. [PMID: 34102446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to characterize the impact of climate change in the karst aquifer of the Port del Comte Massif (PCM). Six regional climate models (RCMs) from CLYM'PY Project are used to analyse the magnitude and trends of changes on precipitation and temperature (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios) and how these changes propagate through the hydrogeological system as groundwater resources availability and the associated water isotopic content. The study uses the RCMs climate change forcings as input data to a combination of (1) a semi-distributed hydrological model for simulating the hydrodynamical response of the aquifer, and (2) a lumped parameter model for simulating the isotopic content in groundwater at the outlet of the aquifer. A mean decrease of 2.6% and 1.9% in yearly precipitation and a mean increase of 1.9 and 3.1 °C in average temperature is expected in PCM at the end of the 21st century in the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. This climate signal entering the hydrogeological system results in a mean decrease in recharge of 3.9% and 0.5% from rainfall and of 59.3% and 76.1% from snowmelt, and a decrease of 7.6% and 4.5% in total system discharge, but also generates an isotopic enrichment in groundwater discharge (δ18OGW) of 0.50‰ and 0.84‰, respectively. Moreover, from a long-term (2010-2100) perspective, the mean trend in δ18OGW is 0.7‰/100 yr and 1.2‰/100 yr for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, resulting in easily measurable annual lapse rates with the current analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jódar
- Geological Institute of Spain (IGME), Spain.
| | - I Herms
- Àrea de Recursos Geològics. Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L J Lambán
- Geological Institute of Spain (IGME), Spain
| | | | - C Herrera-Lameli
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ecosistemas Hídricos, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Urrutia
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ecosistemas Hídricos, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile; HEUMA, Department of Mining Engineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 2030, Chile
| | - A Soler
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Custodio
- Groundwater Hydrology Group, Dept. Civil and Environmental Eng., Technical University of Catalonia (UPC). Royal Academy of Sciences, of Spain
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12
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Vallet-Coulomb C, Couapel M, Sonzogni C. Improving memory effect correction to achieve high-precision analysis of δ 17 O, δ 18 O, δ 2 H, 17 O-excess and d-excess in water using cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9108. [PMID: 33864632 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The precision obtained in routine isotope analysis of water (δ17 O, δ18 O, δ2 H, 17 O-excess and d-excess values) using cavity ring-down spectroscopy is usually below the instrument specifications provided by the manufacturer. This study aimed at reducing this discrepancy, with particular attention paid to mitigating the memory effect (ME). METHODS We used a Picarro L2140i analyzer coupled with a high-precision A0211 vaporizer and an A0325 autosampler. The magnitude and duration of the ME were estimated using 24 series of 50 successive injections of samples with contrasting compositions. Four memory correction methods were compared, and the instrument performance was evaluated over a 17-month period of routine analysis, using two different run architectures. RESULTS The ME remains detectable after the 30th injection, implying that common correction procedures only based on the last preceding sample need to be revised. We developed a new ME correction based on the composition of several successive samples, and designed a run architecture to minimize the magnitude of the ME. The standard deviation obtained from routine measurement of a quality assurance water sample over a seven-month period was 0.015‰ for δ17 O, 0.023‰ for δ18 O, 0.078‰ for δ2 H, 0.006‰ for 17 O-excess and 0.173‰ for d-excess. In addition, we provided the first δ17 O and 17 O-excess values for the GRESP certified reference material. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the long-term persistence of the ME, which is often overlooked in routine analysis of natural samples. As already evidenced when measuring labelled water, it calls for consideration of the compositions of several previous samples to obtain an appropriate correction, a prerequisite to achieve high-precision data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Couapel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Corinne Sonzogni
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
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13
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Nyamgerel Y, Han Y, Kim M, Koh D, Lee J. Review on Applications of 17O in Hydrological Cycle. Molecules 2021; 26:4468. [PMID: 34361621 PMCID: PMC8347044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The triple oxygen isotopes (16O, 17O, and 18O) are very useful in hydrological and climatological studies because of their sensitivity to environmental conditions. This review presents an overview of the published literature on the potential applications of 17O in hydrological studies. Dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser absorption spectroscopy have been used to measure 17O, which provides information on atmospheric conditions at the moisture source and isotopic fractionations during transport and deposition processes. The variations of δ17O from the developed global meteoric water line, with a slope of 0.528, indicate the importance of regional or local effects on the 17O distribution. In polar regions, factors such as the supersaturation effect, intrusion of stratospheric vapor, post-depositional processes (local moisture recycling through sublimation), regional circulation patterns, sea ice concentration and local meteorological conditions determine the distribution of 17O-excess. Numerous studies have used these isotopes to detect the changes in the moisture source, mixing of different water vapor, evaporative loss in dry regions, re-evaporation of rain drops during warm precipitation and convective storms in low and mid-latitude waters. Owing to the large variation of the spatial scale of hydrological processes with their extent (i.e., whether the processes are local or regional), more studies based on isotopic composition of surface and subsurface water, convective precipitation, and water vapor, are required. In particular, in situ measurements are important for accurate simulations of atmospheric hydrological cycles by isotope-enabled general circulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalalt Nyamgerel
- Department of Science Education (Earth Sciences), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Minji Kim
- Department of Science Education (Earth Sciences), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Dongchan Koh
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea;
| | - Jeonghoon Lee
- Department of Science Education (Earth Sciences), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.)
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14
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Copia L, Wassenaar LI, Terzer-Wassmuth S, Belachew DL, Araguas-Araguas LJ. Comparative evaluation of 2H- versus 3H-based enrichment factor determination on the uncertainty and accuracy of low-level tritium analyses of environmental waters. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109850. [PMID: 34246163 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of low-level tritium (3H) in environmental waters requires pre-concentration using electrolytic enrichment prior to decay counting. Accurate and precise electrolytic enrichment factors (EF) are required to determine the sample's environmental 3H concentration. Two methods are used to determine EFs: i) the Spike Proxy Method (SPM) and ii) the Deuterium Method (DM) with each having several modalities. We conducted a comparative assessment of four EF strategies using 250 mL and 500 mL electrolytic enrichment of three low-level 3H proficiency water standards (0.5-7 TU) to see which strategy gave the most accurate 3H results based on z- and Zeta-scores. Our comparative evaluation revealed the DM offers consistently superior 3H results, with more precise EF determinations compared to the three SPM strategies. The DM gave the best z-scores with an EF relative combined uncertainty of about 0.5‰ and a negligible contribution to the overall uncertainty budget due to the EF determination. Moreover, the DM can improve productivity by eliminating the spike and gravimetric procedures from routine analyses and can give rapid cell enrichment performance feedback prior to decay counting. We recommend low-level tritium laboratories consider adopting the DM into their 3H sample enrichment and analysis operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Copia
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Center, A-1400, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Leonard I Wassenaar
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Center, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Terzer-Wassmuth
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Center, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagnachew L Belachew
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Center, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis J Araguas-Araguas
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Center, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
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15
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de Graaf S, Vonhof HB, Levy EJ, Markowska M, Haug GH. Isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy analysis of water samples without memory effects. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9055. [PMID: 33521977 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Since their introduction more than a decade ago, isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS) systems have rapidly become the standard for oxygen (δ18 O) and hydrogen (δ2 H) isotope analysis of water samples. An important disadvantage of IRIS systems is the well-documented sample-to-sample memory effect, which requires each sample to be analyzed multiple times before the desired accuracy is reached, lengthening analysis times and driving up the costs of analyses. METHODS We present an adapted set-up and calculation protocol for fully automated analysis of water samples using a Picarro L2140-i cavity ring-down spectroscopy instrument. The adaptation removes memory effects by use of a continuously moisturized nitrogen carrier gas. Water samples of 0.5 μL are measured on top of the water vapor background, after which isotope ratios are calculated by subtraction of the background from the sample peaks. RESULTS With this new technique, single injections of water samples have internal precisions (1σ) below 0.05‰ for δ18 O values and 0.1‰ for δ2 H values, regardless of the isotope ratio of the previous sample. Precision is worse, however, when the isotope difference between the sample and background water is too large (i.e., exceeding approximately 9‰ for δ18 O values and 70‰ for δ2 H values). Isotope ratios show negligible drift across the four weeks within which the experiments were performed. The single-injection 1σ precision for 17 O excess (Δ'17 O) determined with this method is 60 per meg. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments demonstrate that by removing sample-to-sample memory effects with a moisturized carrier gas, the time for measurement of δ18 O and δ2 H values using an IRIS system can be reduced markedly without compromising the analytical precision and accuracy. Thorough replication is needed to achieve sufficiently low uncertainties for Δ'17 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan de Graaf
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hubert B Vonhof
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elan J Levy
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Markowska
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerald H Haug
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
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16
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Skrzypek G, Dunn PJH. Recalculation of stable isotope expressions for HCNOS: EasyIsoCalculator. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8892. [PMID: 33463799 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The stable HCNOS isotope compositions can be reported as (a) the isotope ratio of two stable isotopes (R); (b) the isotope delta value (δ); and (c) the atom fraction of the isotopes (x). Recalculations between these different expressions are needed frequently and require the use of the absolute isotope ratio for the zero points of the stable isotope delta scales (Rstd). The inconsistent use of Rstd values may lead to a discrepancy in recalculated results. METHODS We summarised the recalculation procedures between different expressions of the stable isotope compositions and introduced a user-friendly EasyIsoCalculator that allows the recalculation between the main expressions of isotope compositions. We mathematically and empirically evaluated the possible inconsistencies in reporting of the stable isotope data due to the use of different Rstd and different normalisation methods. RESULTS The recalculation between δ-values and other expressions of the stable isotope compositions always involves the use of Rstd. The choice of Rstd will have a significant influence on the recalculated values. The use of different Rstd values has a significant influence also on the normalisation of raw values but only when the normalisation is conducted versus the working standard gas value, causing discrepancy, e.g. for δ(13C/12C) up to ~ 0.3 ‰. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the selection of Rstd value may lead to significant differences among different laboratories. The uncertainty in the calculations originates primarily from the uncertainty in the Rstd determination; however, it is lower than the discrepancy arising from the inconsistent use of Rstd. Consistent use of the same Rstd values is required to eliminate the unnecessary discrepancy if different data sets are recalculated from delta value to other expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Skrzypek
- West Australian Biogeochemistry Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
| | - Philip J H Dunn
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, UK
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17
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Terzer-Wassmuth S, Ortega L, Araguás-Araguás L, Wassenaar LI. The first IAEA inter-laboratory comparison exercise in Latin America and the Caribbean for stable isotope analyses of water samples. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2020; 56:391-401. [PMID: 32453607 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1763338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of stable isotopes (δ 2H and δ 18O) is widespread in water resources studies. In the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region, the application of isotope techniques has increased in the past decade, but there remains room to gain self-reliance in environmental isotope studies, necessitating easy and fast access to good-quality isotope data. To that end, in 2018 the IAEA carried out the first regional interlaboratory comparison exercise, testing the analytical performance of 25 laboratories using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry and laser absorption spectroscopy. The three test samples covered a commonly observed range of 0 to -16 ‰ δ 18O and 0 to -115 ‰ δ 2H. z- and ζ-scores were used to benchmark laboratories' performance against a strict criterion. We found that 81% of the laboratories had satisfactory performance ( | z | ¯ ≤ 2) for δ 2H but only 54% achieved similar scores for δ 18O. Only a minor fraction of results (12% for δ 2H and 15% for δ 18O) were unsatisfactory. The larger number of questionable results for δ 18O confirmed the challenges in laser absorption spectroscopy for this isotope. Besides instrumental performance, the sample throughput, laboratory reference materials, and data post-processing were contributing factors to inaccurate or imprecise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Terzer-Wassmuth
- Isotope Hydrology Section/Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucía Ortega
- Isotope Hydrology Section/Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Araguás-Araguás
- Isotope Hydrology Section/Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonard I Wassenaar
- Isotope Hydrology Section/Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Fórizs I, Kern Z, Csicsák J, Csurgó G, Földing G, Máthé Z, Ország J, Szreda G, Vendégh R. Monthly data of stable isotopic composition (δ 18O, δ 2H) and tritium activity in precipitation from 2004 to 2017 in the Mecsek Hills, Hungary. Data Brief 2020; 32:106206. [PMID: 32984454 PMCID: PMC7494684 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stable isotopic composition (δ18O, δ²H) and tritium activity of monthly aggregated precipitation samples were collected between April 2004 and December 2017 at six sites representing the first published precipitation isotope dataset from the Mecsek Hills (Hungary). The dataset includes 697 stable isotopic and 653 tritium activity concentration data of monthly precipitation samples collected across the Mecsek Hills. At the beginning of the monitoring period, the isotopic composition values suggest an insufficient protection against evaporation and this issue has occasionally reappeared later only in limited periods. These data are presented in brackets in the Supplementary Table and should be disregarded from further analysis until additional verification. This dataset provides isotope hydrological benchmark in comparison with other local and regional datasets of stable isotopes and tritium activities in surface water and groundwater not only in the Mecsek Hills but also in the surroundings. It can support water resource management, and paleoclimatological research. Isotope hydrological evaluation and further discussion on the seasonal trends in the precipitation isotopic characteristics are in progress and the tritium data were used in the derivation of a gridded database (1 × 1 km) of amount-weighted annual mean precipitation tritium activity for the Adriatic-Pannonian Region (AP3H_v1, [1]).
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Affiliation(s)
- István Fórizs
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zoltán Kern
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
- Corresponding author.
| | - József Csicsák
- MECSEKÉRC Zrt. Esztergár Lajos u. 19. H-7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Csurgó
- MECSEKÉRC Zrt. Esztergár Lajos u. 19. H-7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Földing
- MECSEKÉRC Zrt. Esztergár Lajos u. 19. H-7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Máthé
- MECSEKÉRC Zrt. Esztergár Lajos u. 19. H-7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Ország
- Public Limited Company for Radioactive Waste Management (PURAM), H-7031 Pf. 12. Paks, Hungary
| | - Géza Szreda
- MECSEKÉRC Zrt. Esztergár Lajos u. 19. H-7633 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Roland Vendégh
- MECSEKÉRC Zrt. Esztergár Lajos u. 19. H-7633 Pécs, Hungary
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Abstract
Stable (16O, 17O, 18O, 1H, 2H) and radioactive (3H) isotopes in water are powerful tools in the tracking of the path of water molecules in the whole water cycle. In the last decade, a considerable number of studies have been published on the use of water isotopes, and the number continues to grow due to the development of new measurement techniques (i.e., laser absorption spectroscopy) that allow measurements of stable isotope ratios at ever-higher resolutions. Therefore, this Special Issue (SI) has been compiled to address current state-of-the-art water isotope methods, applications, and hydrological process interpretations and to contribute to the rapidly growing repository of isotope data important for future water resource management. We are pleased to present here a compilation of 14 papers reporting the use of water isotopes in the study of hydrological processes worldwide, including studies on the local and regional scales related either to precipitation dynamics or to different applications of water isotopes in combination with other hydrochemical parameters in investigations of surface water, snowmelt, soil water, groundwater, and xylem water to identify the hydrological and geochemical processes.
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20
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Mello RS, Luna AS, Ferreira AA, Tonietto GB, Bittencourt I, Godoy JM. Development and validation of an analytical methodology for the determination of δ2H and δ18O in formation water based on Laser-Based infrared absorption spectroscopy. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Kalvāns A, Babre A, Dēliņa A, Popovs K. Water stable isotope data set in temperate, lowland catchment, two years of monthly observations, River Salaca, Latvia. Data Brief 2020; 30:105607. [PMID: 32382615 PMCID: PMC7200774 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two years of monthly water stable isotope ratios from temperate lowland catchment. Hourly water table, temperature and electrical conductivity monitoring. Distinct isotope ratios for raised bog, groundwater and rivers.
Two years of monthly observations of water stable isotopes in a temperate lowland catchment with extensive agrarian and forested landscapes in Latvia, River Salaca catchment. Observations include most significant water types within catchment: precipitation, raised bog, intermittent, groundwater and surface water at 15 observation points. The monthly data is supplemented by two intervals of one-month long sampling every second day for a subset of observation points. Water table, temperature and electrical conductivity co-observed as key variables helping to understand the isotope data. The data can be useful for in depth investigation of isotope hydrology and as background information for ecohydrological and other studies. The data is associated with the original research article “An insight into water stable isotope signatures in temperate catchment” [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andis Kalvāns
- University of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, Jelgavas str. 1., Riga, Latvia, Lv-1004
| | - Alise Babre
- University of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, Jelgavas str. 1., Riga, Latvia, Lv-1004
| | - Aija Dēliņa
- University of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, Jelgavas str. 1., Riga, Latvia, Lv-1004
| | - Konrāds Popovs
- University of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, Jelgavas str. 1., Riga, Latvia, Lv-1004
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22
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Data Descriptor: Daily observations of stable isotope ratios of rainfall in the tropics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14419. [PMID: 31595004 PMCID: PMC6783450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present precipitation isotope data (δ2H and δ18O values) from 19 stations across the tropics collected from 2012 to 2017 under the Coordinated Research Project F31004 sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Rainfall samples were collected daily and analysed for stable isotopic ratios of oxygen and hydrogen by participating laboratories following a common analytical framework. We also calculated daily mean stratiform rainfall area fractions around each station over an area of 5° x 5° longitude/latitude based on TRMM/GPM satellite data. Isotope time series, along with information on rainfall amount and stratiform/convective proportions provide a valuable tool for rainfall characterisation and to improve the ability of isotope-enabled Global Circulation Models to predict variability and availability of inputs to fresh water resources across the tropics.
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Global analysis reveals climatic controls on the oxygen isotope composition of cave drip water. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2984. [PMID: 31278295 PMCID: PMC6611902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen isotope composition of speleothems is a widely used proxy for past climate change. Robust use of this proxy depends on understanding the relationship between precipitation and cave drip water δ18O. Here, we present the first global analysis, based on data from 163 drip sites, from 39 caves on five continents, showing that drip water δ18O is most similar to the amount-weighted precipitation δ18O where mean annual temperature (MAT) is < 10 °C. By contrast, for seasonal climates with MAT > 10 °C and < 16 °C, drip water δ18O records the recharge-weighted δ18O. This implies that the δ18O of speleothems (formed in near isotopic equilibrium) are most likely to directly reflect meteoric precipitation in cool climates only. In warmer and drier environments, speleothems will have a seasonal bias toward the precipitation δ18O of recharge periods and, in some cases, the extent of evaporative fractionation of stored karst water. δ18O of speleothems are a widely used paleoclimate proxy. Here, the authors conduct a global analysis of cave drip water δ18O compositions and find that drip waters from warmer climates have a seasonal bias toward precipitation δ18O of recharge periods, unlike in cooler climates where drip waters match well with recharge-weighted δ18O.
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Pierchala A, Rozanski K, Dulinski M, Gorczyca Z, Marzec M, Czub R. High-precision measurements of δ 2H, δ 18O and δ 17O in water with the aid of cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 55:290-307. [PMID: 31037964 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2019.1609959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A thorough evaluation of measurement uncertainty together with control of short-term and long-term precision of measurements should be a basis of any successful quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) strategy aimed at maintaining a high quality of the analytical process. Here we present the results of a comprehensive assessment of the analytical performance of a Picarro L2140-i CRDS laser spectrometer analysing δ2H, δ18O and δ17O in water. The assessment is based on results obtained during 15 months of continuous operation of this instrument (February 2017 to May 2018). The short-term precision of measured and derived quantities was 0.11, 0.036, 0.028, 0.23 ‰ and 11 per meg, for δ2H, δ18O, δ17O, d-excess and Δ17O, respectively, and is comparable to the precision reported by the manufacturer. The long-term precision of the L2140-i, defined as standard uncertainty of the time series of 153 analyses of a laboratory standard conducted throughout 15 months, was roughly two times lower (0.24, 0.053, 0.038, 0.37 ‰ and 21 per meg, for δ2H, δ18O, δ17O, d-excess and Δ17O). In-depth assessment of the measurement uncertainty of a single analysis revealed that assigned uncertainty of the calibration standards is an important component of the uncertainty budget, especially in case of δ2H analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pierchala
- a Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
| | - Kazimierz Rozanski
- a Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
| | - Marek Dulinski
- a Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
| | - Zbigniew Gorczyca
- a Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
| | - Michal Marzec
- a Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
| | - Robert Czub
- a Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
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Bian F, Coleborn K, Flemons I, Baker A, Treble PC, Hughes CE, Baker A, Andersen MS, Tozer MG, Duan W, Fogwill CJ, Fairchild IJ. Hydrological and geochemical responses of fire in a shallow cave system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:180-191. [PMID: 30690353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of wildfire on surface soil and hydrology has been widely investigated, while its impact on the karst vadose zone is still poorly understood. A moderate to severe experimental fire was conducted on a plot (10 m × 10 m) above the shallow Wildman's Cave at Wombeyan Caves, New South Wales, Australia in May 2016. Continuous sampling of water stable isotopes, inorganic geochemistry and drip rates were conducted from Dec 2014 to May 2017. After the fire, drip discharge patterns were significantly altered, which is interpreted as the result of increased preferential flows and decreased diffuse flows in the soil. Post-fire drip water δ18O decreased by 6.3‰ in the first month relative to the average pre-fire isotopic composition. Post-fire monitoring showed an increase in drip water δ18O in the following six months. Bedrock related solutes (calcium, magnesium, strontium) decreased rapidly after the fire due to reduced limestone dissolution time and potentially reduced soil CO2. Soil- and ash-derived solutes (boron, lead, potassium, sodium, silicon, iodine and iron) all decreased after the fire due to volatilisation at high temperatures, except for SO42-. This is the first study to understand the hydrological impact from severe fires conducted on a karst system. It provides new insights on the cave recharge process, with a potential explanation for the decreased d18O in speleothem-based fire study, and also utilise the decreased bedrock solutes to assess the wildfire impacts both in short and long time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bian
- Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Katie Coleborn
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ingrid Flemons
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andy Baker
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Pauline C Treble
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Baker
- National Parks and Wildlife Service, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia
| | - Martin S Andersen
- Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark G Tozer
- NSW Office of Environment & Heritage, Hurstville, NSW, Australia
| | - Wuhui Duan
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ian J Fairchild
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Fourel F, Lécuyer C, Seris M, Blamey N, Brand U, Fralick P, Volders F. Improved online hydrogen isotope analysis of halite aqueous inclusions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:342-350. [PMID: 30610763 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an improved method based on continuous-flow elemental analyser pyrolysis isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (CF-EA-PY-IRMS) to measure the 2 H/1 H ratios of water trapped in halite crystals. Two challenges to overcome are the low hydrogen concentration of samples (10-50 μmol H2 ·g-1 ) and the high chloride concentration released when reacting halite in an elemental analyser. We describe an optimization procedure for determining the 2 H/1 H ratio of this trapped water with an acceptable accuracy. This technique involves the use of a high-temperature Cr reactor to quantitatively convert H2 O into H2 . The initial step was performed on halite crystals precipitated from a water reservoir where 2 H/1 H ratios were monitored from its initial stage until the end of evaporation. The 2 H/1 H isotopic analyses were automated online in continuous-flow mode. Precision of the method was determined for those "synthetic" samples with hydrogen concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 wt%. 2 H/1 H isotopic ratios of evaporating waters bracket the compositions of water inclusions. The formation of fluid inclusions is not instantaneous and records the isotopic signature of the residual waters across a time range during which the isotopic values of the water still evolve. This property explains why the δ2 HVSMOW standard deviation of ±5‰ (2σ) observed for 10-mg aliquots of halite exceeds the instrumental error (about ±1.5‰ 2σ) determined on the basis of IAEA-CH7, NBS 30, and NBS 22 references along with calibrated waters with and without added halite crystals. We also applied this method to Mesoproterozoic (1.4 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (0.8 Ga) halite samples with relatively low hydrogen concentrations (300-1500 ppm). The measured δ2 HVSMOW values for Precambrian waters range from -89‰ to -54‰. We propose that this technique offers a new perspective and great potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based on the 2 H/1 H analyses of water trapped in halite.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Fourel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés LEHNA UMR CNRS 5023, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Lécuyer
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5276, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Magali Seris
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5276, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nigel Blamey
- Department of Earth Sciences, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Uwe Brand
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Canada
| | - Philip Fralick
- Department of Geology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Filip Volders
- Stable Isotope Department, Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Langenselbold, Germany
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27
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Verma MP, van Geldern R, Barth JAC, Monvoisin G, Rogers K, Grassa F, Carrizo D, Huertas AD, Kretzschmar T, Villanueva-Estrada RE, Godoy JM, Mostapa R, Cortés HAD. Inter-laboratory test for oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope analyses of geothermal fluids: Assessment of reservoir fluid compositions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1799-1810. [PMID: 30007043 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Knowledge of the accuracy and precision for oxygen (δ18 O values) and hydrogen (δ2 H values) stable isotope analyses of geothermal fluid samples is important to understand geothermal reservoir processes, such as partial boiling-condensation and encroachment of cold and reinjected waters. The challenging aspects of the analytical techniques for this specific matrix include memory effects and higher scatter of delta values with increasing total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations, deterioration of Pt-catalysts by dissolved/gaseous H2 S for hydrogen isotope equilibration measurements and isotope salt effects that offset isotope ratios determined by gas equilibration techniques. METHODS An inter-laboratory comparison exercise for the determination of the δ18 O and δ2 H values of nine geothermal fluid samples was conducted among eleven laboratories from eight countries (CeMIEGeo2017). The delta values were measured by dual inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry (DI-IRMS), continuous flow IRMS (CF-IRMS) and/or laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS). Moreover, five of these laboratories analyzed an additional sample set at least one month after the analysis period of the first set. Statistical evaluation of all the results was performed to obtain the expected isotope ratios of each sample, which were then subsequently used in deep reservoir fluid composition calculations. RESULTS The overall analytical precisions of the measurements were ± 0.2‰ for δ18 O values and ± 2.0‰ for δ2 H values within the 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSIONS The measured and calculated δ18 O and δ2 H values of water sampled at the weir box, separator and wellhead of geothermal wells suggest the existence of hydrogen and oxygen isotope-exchange equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases at all sampling points in the well. Thus, both procedures for calculating the isotopic compositions of the deep geothermal reservoir fluid - using either the analytical data of the liquid phase at the weir box together with those of vapor at the separator or the analytical data of liquid and vapor phases at the separator -are equally valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P Verma
- Geotermia, Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energías Limpias, Reforma 113, Col. Palmira, Cuernavaca, Mor., C.P. 62490, México
| | - Robert van Geldern
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Geographie und Geowissenschaften, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes A C Barth
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Geographie und Geowissenschaften, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gael Monvoisin
- Laboratoire GEOPS, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Karyne Rogers
- National Isotope Center, GNS Science, TE PU AO, 30 Gracefield Road, PO Box 31 312, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
| | - Fausto Grassa
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146-I, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel Carrizo
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Delgado Huertas
- Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica de Isótopos Estables, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra IACT (CSIC-UGR), Avda. de las Palmeras, 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Thomas Kretzschmar
- Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, Div. Ciencias de la Tierra, Sistema de Laboratorios Especializados, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, zona playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ruth Esther Villanueva-Estrada
- Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, Depto. Recursos Naturales, Unidad de Geoquímica de Fluidos Geotérmicos Ext. 135, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Geofísica, Circuito Exterior C.U., CDMX, C.P. 04510, México
| | - José Marcus Godoy
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 22451*900, Brazil
| | - Roslanzairi Mostapa
- Waste and Environmental Technology Division, Environmental Tracer Application Group (ETAG), Block 29, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Hugo Alberto Durán Cortés
- Geotermia, Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energías Limpias, Reforma 113, Col. Palmira, Cuernavaca, Mor., C.P. 62490, México
- Comisión Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias, Dr. Barragán 779, Col. Narvarte, Del. Benito Juárez, C.P. 03020, CDMX, Mexico
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