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Kaufmann A, Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga A, Blokland M, Sterk S. Potential and limitation of retrospective HRMS based data analysis: “Have meat-producing animals been exposed to illegal growth promotors such as SARMs?”. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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2
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May JC, McLean JA. Integrating ion mobility into comprehensive multidimensional metabolomics workflows: critical considerations. Metabolomics 2022; 18:104. [PMID: 36472678 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion mobility (IM) separation capabilities are now widely available to researchers through several commercial vendors and are now being adopted into many metabolomics workflows. The added peak capacity that ion mobility offers with minimal compromise to other analytical figures-of-merit has provided real benefits to sensitivity and structural selectivity and have allowed more specific metabolite annotations to be assigned in untargeted workflows. One of the greatest promises of contemporary IM-enabled instrumentation is the capability of operating multiple analytical dimensions inline with minimal sample volumes, which has the potential to address many grand challenges currently faced in the omics fields. However, comprehensive operation of multidimensional mass spectrometry comes with its own inherent challenges that, beyond operational complexity, may not be immediately obvious to practitioners of these techniques. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we outline the strengths and considerations for incorporating IM analysis in metabolomics workflows and provide a critical but forward-looking perspective on the contemporary challenges and prospects associated with interpreting IM data into chemical knowledge. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We outline a strategy for unifying IM-derived collision cross section (CCS) measurements obtained from different IM techniques and discuss the emerging field of high resolution ion mobility (HRIM) that is poised to address many of the contemporary challenges associated with ion mobility metabolomics. Whereas the LC step limits the throughput of comprehensive LC-IM-MS, the higher peak capacity of HRIM can allow fast LC gradients or rapid sample cleanup via solid-phase extraction (SPE) to be utilized, significantly improving the sample throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody C May
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food metabolomics: Latest hardware-developments for nontargeted food authenticity and food safety testing. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2334-2350. [PMID: 36104152 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The analytical requirements for food testing have increased significantly in recent years. On the one hand, because food fraud is becoming an ever-greater challenge worldwide, and on the other hand because food safety is often difficult to monitor due to the far-reaching trade chains. In addition, the expectations of consumers on the quality of food have increased, and they are demanding extensive information. Cutting-edge analytical methods are required to meet these demands. In this context, non-targeted metabolomics strategies using mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (mass spectrometry [MS]) have proven to be very suitable. MS-based approaches are of particular importance as they provide a comparatively high analytical coverage of the metabolome. Accordingly, the efficiency to address even challenging issues is high. A variety of hardware developments, which are explained in this review, have contributed to these advances. In addition, the potential of future developments is highlighted, some of which are currently not yet commercially available or only used to a comparatively small extent but are expected to gain in importance in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhao W, Jiang R, Guo W, Guo C, Li S, Wang J, Wang S, Li Y. Screening and Analysis of Multiclass Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Source Foods using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:228-238. [PMID: 34100095 PMCID: PMC8346397 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, and sensitive method of detecting veterinary drug residues in animal food sources, including poultry and pork, was developed and validated. The method was optimized for over 155 veterinary drugs of 21 different classes. Sample pretreatment included a simple solid-liquid extraction step with 0.2% formic acid-acetonitrile-water and a purification step with a PRiME HLB (hydrophile-lipophile balance) solid-phase extraction cartridge. Data were collected using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The limits of detection of 155 veterinary drugs ranged from 0.1 µg/kg to 10 µg/kg. The recovery rates were between 79.2 and 118.5 % in all matrices studied, with relative standard deviation values less than 15% (n = 6). The evaluated method allows the reliable screening, quantification, and identification of 155 veterinary drug residues in animal source food and has been successfully applied in authentic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhao
- China Meat Research Center, 100068, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jiang
- China Meat Research Center, 100068, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Guo
- China Meat Research Center, 100068, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Guo
- China Meat Research Center, 100068, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilei Li
- China Meat Research Center, 100068, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanqiang Wang
- China Meat Research Center, 100068, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouwei Wang
- China Meat Research Center, 100068, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Li
- China Meat Research Center, 100068, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Alikord M, Mohammadi A, Kamankesh M, Shariatifar N. Food safety and quality assessment: comprehensive review and recent trends in the applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4833-4866. [PMID: 33554631 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical separation and diagnostic technique that is simple and sensitive and a rapid response and low-priced technique for detecting trace levels of chemical compounds in different matrices. Chemical agents and environmental contaminants are successfully detected by IMS and have been recently considered to employ in food safety. In addition, IMS uses stand-alone or coupled analytical diagnostic tools with chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Scientific publications show that IMS has been applied 21% in the pharmaceutical industry, 9% in environmental studies and 13% in quality control and food safety. Nevertheless, applications of IMS in food safety and quality analysis have not been adequately explored. This review presents the IMS-related analysis and focuses on the application of IMS in food safety and quality. This review presents the important topics including detection of traces of chemicals, rate of food spoilage and freshness, food adulteration and authenticity as well as natural toxins, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, veterinary, and growth promoter drug residues. Further, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), acrylamide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), biogenic amines, nitrosamine, furfural, phenolic compounds, heavy metals, food packaging materials, melamine, and food additives were also examined for the first time. Therefore, it is logical to predict that the application of the IMS technique in food safety, food quality, and contaminant analysis will be impressively increased in the future. HighlightsCurrent status of IMS for residues and contaminant detection in food safety.To assess all the detected contaminants in food safety, for the first time.Identified IMS-related parameters and chemical compounds in food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alikord
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kamankesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Halal Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Wang X, Wang KW, Xu ZZ, Yang SM, Zhao Y. Development and validation of a multi-residue analytical method for veterinarian and human pharmaceuticals in livestock urine and blood using UHPLC-QTOF. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1167:122564. [PMID: 33578280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to contribute to the assessment of multi-residue analysis of veterinarian and human pharmaceuticals using UHPLC-QTOF in livestock urine and blood (cattle, chicken, sheep and pig). Firstly, an in-house database including compound name, monoisotopic mass, chemical formula, retention time, chemical structure, and three CID MS-MS spectra of the 234 selected drugs were built for qualitative detection. Secondly, the method validation result showed that all the 234 drugs exhibited good linearity with determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.999. Then, the distribution of the drugs recoveries, intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD results for all seven matrices were tested. Finally, after a carefully cross check, 150 veterinarian and human pharmaceuticals could meet the methodological requirements (recovery, 50-120%; intra-day RSD ≤ 15%, inter-day RSD ≤ 20%) in all seven matrices. Our results suggested that although the main applications of UHPLC-QTOF are directed towards detection and identification of the compounds, this method should be also applied for quantitative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke-Wen Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shu-Ming Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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The use of UHPLC, IMS, and HRMS in multiresidue analytical methods: A critical review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1158:122369. [PMID: 33091675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Residue chemists who analyse pesticides in vegetables or veterinary drugs in animal-based food are currently facing a situation where there is a requirement to detect more and more compounds at lower and lower concentrations. Conventional tandem quadrupole instruments provide sufficient sensitivity, but speed and selectivity appear as future limitations. This will become an even larger issue when there is a need to not only detect active compounds but also their degradation products and metabolites. This will likely lead to a situation in which the conventional targeted approach must be expanded or augmented by a certain non-targeted strategy. High-resolution mass spectrometry provides such capabilities, but it frequently requires an additional degree of selectivity for the unequivocal confirmation of analytes present at trace levels in highly complex and variable food matrices. The hyphenation of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with ion mobility and high-resolution mass spectrometry provides analytical chemists with a new tool for performing such a demanding multiresidue analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate the benefits of the added ion mobility dimension as well as to critically discuss the current limitations of this commercially available technology.
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Wang K, Wang X, Xu Z, Yang S. Simultaneous determination of multi-class antibiotics and steroid hormones drugs in livestock and poultry faeces using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1467-1480. [PMID: 32618496 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1776900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous determination of multi-class antibiotics and steroid hormone analysis in faeces of livestock and poultry was developed using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS). An in-house database was built for 156 detected drugs using Personal Compound Database Library software (PCDL) including compound name, monoisotopic mass, chemical formula, RT, chemical structure and three CID MS/MS spectra. The linearity result showed that all the drugs exhibited good linearity with determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.99. The drug recoveries and their RSDs for all three faeces samples (pig, cattle and chicken) were tested and 81, 96 and 92 drugs were chosen for analysis in pig, cattle and chicken faeces, respectively. Further validation showed that 73 veterinary drugs in all three kinds of faeces samples can be quantified in one analytical run. This work shows that qualitative and quantitative analysis using LC-QTOF MS represents a simple, sensitive, low-cost and high-throughput methodology in routine laboratory analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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Kaufmann A, Butcher P, Maden K, Walker S, Widmer M. Does the ion mobility resolving power as provided by commercially available ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry instruments permit the unambiguous identification of small molecules in complex matrices? Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1107:113-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Fenclova M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Benes F, Novakova A, Jonatova P, Kren V, Vitek L, Hajslova J. Liquid chromatography-drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry as a new challenging tool for the separation and characterization of silymarin flavonolignans. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:819-832. [PMID: 31919606 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin, milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract, contains a mixture of mostly isomeric bioactive flavonoids and flavonolignans that are extensively studied, especially for their possible liver-protective and anticancer effects. Because of the differing bioactivities of individual isomeric compounds, characterization of their proportion in a mixture is highly important for predicting its effect on health. However, because of silymarin's complexity, this is hardly feasible by common analytical techniques. In this work, ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with drift tube ion mobility spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used. Eleven target silymarin compounds (taxifolin, isosilychristin, silychristins A and B, silydianin, silybins A and B, 2,3-cis-silybin B, isosilybins A and B and 2,3-dehydrosilybin) and five unknown flavonolignan isomers detected in the milk thistle extract were fully separated in a 14.5-min analysis run. All the compounds were characterized on the basis of their accurate mass, retention time, drift time, collision cross section and fragmentation spectra. The quantitative approach based on evaluation of the ion mobility data demonstrated lower detection limits, an extended linear range and total separation of interferences from the compounds of interest compared with the traditional approach based on evaluation of liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry data. The following analysis of a batch of milk thistle-based food supplements revealed significant variability in the silymarin pattern, especially in the content of silychristin A and silybins A and B. This newly developed method might have high application potential, especially for the characterization of materials intended for bioactivity studies in which information on the exact silymarin composition plays a crucial role. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Frantisek Benes
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Novakova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Jonatova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kren
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and Faculty General Hospital, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12108, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Hernández-Mesa M, Ropartz D, García-Campaña AM, Rogniaux H, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B. Ion Mobility Spectrometry in Food Analysis: Principles, Current Applications and Future Trends. Molecules 2019; 24:E2706. [PMID: 31349571 PMCID: PMC6696101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has reemerged as an analytical separation technique, especially due to the commercialization of ion mobility mass spectrometers. Its applicability has been extended beyond classical applications such as the determination of chemical warfare agents and nowadays it is widely used for the characterization of biomolecules (e.g., proteins, glycans, lipids, etc.) and, more recently, of small molecules (e.g., metabolites, xenobiotics, etc.). Following this trend, the interest in this technique is growing among researchers from different fields including food science. Several advantages are attributed to IMS when integrated in traditional liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometry (MS) workflows: (1) it improves method selectivity by providing an additional separation dimension that allows the separation of isobaric and isomeric compounds; (2) it increases method sensitivity by isolating the compounds of interest from background noise; (3) and it provides complementary information to mass spectra and retention time, the so-called collision cross section (CCS), so compounds can be identified with more confidence, either in targeted or non-targeted approaches. In this context, the number of applications focused on food analysis has increased exponentially in the last few years. This review provides an overview of the current status of IMS technology and its applicability in different areas of food analysis (i.e., food composition, process control, authentication, adulteration and safety).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel Hernández-Mesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316 Nantes, France.
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA UMR 1329, Route de Gachet-CS 50707, F-44307 Nantes CEDEX 3, France.
| | - David Ropartz
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly-Pinel
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA UMR 1329, Route de Gachet-CS 50707, F-44307 Nantes CEDEX 3, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA UMR 1329, Route de Gachet-CS 50707, F-44307 Nantes CEDEX 3, France
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Tejada-Casado C, Hernández-Mesa M, Monteau F, Lara FJ, Olmo-Iruela MD, García-Campaña AM, Le Bizec B, Dervilly-Pinel G. Collision cross section (CCS) as a complementary parameter to characterize human and veterinary drugs. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1043:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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