1
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Özpolat BD. Annelids as models of germ cell and gonad regeneration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2024; 342:126-143. [PMID: 38078561 PMCID: PMC11060932 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Germ cells (reproductive cells and their progenitors) give rise to the next generation in sexually reproducing organisms. The loss or removal of germ cells often leads to sterility in established research organisms such as the fruit fly, nematodes, frog, and mouse. The failure to regenerate germ cells in these organisms reinforced the dogma of germline-soma barrier in which germ cells are set-aside during embryogenesis and cannot be replaced by somatic cells. However, in stark contrast, many animals including segmented worms (annelids), hydrozoans, planaria, sea stars, sea urchins, and tunicates can regenerate germ cells. Here I review germ cell and gonad regeneration in annelids, a rich history of research that dates back to the early 20th century in this highly regenerative group. Examples include annelids from across the annelid phylogeny, across developmental stages, and reproductive strategies. Adult annelids regenerate germ cells as a part of regeneration, grafting, and asexual reproduction. Annelids can also recover germ cells after ablation of germ cell progenitors in the embryos. I present a framework to investigate cellular sources of germ cell regeneration in annelids, and discuss the literature that supports different possibilities within this framework, where germ-soma separation may or may not be preserved. With contemporary genetic-lineage tracing and bioinformatics tools, and several genetically enabled annelid models, we are at the brink of answering the big questions that puzzled many for over more than a century.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Duygu Özpolat
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States, United States
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2
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Sato DS, Nakamura M, Teresa Aguado M, Miura T. Secondary-tail formation during stolonization in the Japanese green syllid, Megasyllis nipponica. Evol Dev 2024; 26:e12477. [PMID: 38644594 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Benthic annelids belonging to the family Syllidae show a distinctive sexual reproduction mode called "stolonization," in which posterior segments are transformed into a reproductive individual-like unit called a "stolon." Megasyllis nipponica forms a stolon head and a secondary tail in the middle of the trunk before a stolon detaches, while, in the case of posterior amputation, posterior regeneration initiates at the wound after amputation. To understand the difference between posterior regeneration and secondary-tail formation during stolonization, detailed comparisons between the developmental processes of these two tail-formation types were performed in this study. Morphological and inner structural observations (i.e., cell proliferation and muscular/nervous development) showed that some processes of posterior regeneration, such as blastema formation and muscular/nervous regeneration at the amputation site, are missing during secondary-tail formation. In contrast, the secondary tail showed some unique features, such as the formation of ventrolateral half-tail buds that later fused in the middle and muscle/nerve branches formed before the detachment of the stolon. These novel features in the process of stolonization are suggested to be adaptive since the animals need to recover a posterior end quickly to stolonize again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke S Sato
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, The University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nakamura
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, The University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - María Teresa Aguado
- Animal Evolution & Biodiversity, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Toru Miura
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, The University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa, Japan
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3
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Boilly B, Hondermarck H, Aguado MT. Nerves and availability of mesodermal cells are essential for the function of the segment addition zone (SAZ) during segment regeneration in polychaete annelids. Dev Genes Evol 2024:10.1007/s00427-024-00713-5. [PMID: 38336874 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-024-00713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Most of annelids grow all over their asexual life through the continuous addition of segments from a special zone called "segment addition zone" (SAZ) adjacent to the posterior extremity called pygidium. Amputation of posterior segments leads to regeneration (posterior regeneration-PR) of the pygidium and a new SAZ, as well as new segments issued from this new SAZ. Amputation of anterior segments leads some species to regeneration (anterior regeneration-AR) of the prostomium and a SAZ which produces new segments postero-anteriorly as during PR. During the 1960s and 1970s decades, experimental methods on different species (Syllidae, Nereidae, Aricidae) showed that the function of SAZ depends on the presence and number of mesodermal regeneration cells. Selective destruction of mesodermal regeneration cells in AR had no effect on the regeneration of the prostomium, but as for PR, it inhibited segment regeneration. Thus, worms deprived of mesodermal regeneration cells are always able to regenerate the pygidium or the prostomium, but they are unable to regenerate segments, a result which indicates that the SAZ functions only if these regeneration cells are present during PR or AR. Additionally, during AR, nerve fibres regenerate from the cut nerve cord toward the newformed brain, a situation which deprives the SAZ of local regenerating nerve fibres and their secreted growth factors. In contrast, during PR, nerve fibres regenerate both during the entire regeneration phase and then in normal growth. This review summarizes the experimental evidence for mesoderm cell involvement in segment regeneration, and the differential impact of the digestive tube and the regenerated nerve cord during PR vs AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoni Boilly
- Département de Biologie, Université de Lille, 59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - M Teresa Aguado
- Biodiversitätsmuseum, Georg August University, Untere Karspüle, 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
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4
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Ruta C, Mundim DM, Freitas R, Ribeiro RP. New species and record of Dodecaceria (Annelida: Cirratulidae) the Biological Reserve of Rocas Atoll, Brazil, the only atoll in the South Atlantic Ocean. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293087. [PMID: 37870983 PMCID: PMC10593238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The polychaete Family Cirratulidae is one of the most abundant and diverse groups of Annelida, although it remains poorly known worldwide. Dodecaceria Ørsted, 1843 is one of the least described genera of Cirratulidae. The present report is the first taxonomic study of the genus Dodecaceria for the Brazilian coast. Cirratulidae were collected at Rocas Atoll, the first Brazilian marine protected area and the only atoll in the South Atlantic Ocean. We described one new species, Dodecaceria zelinhae n. sp., and a new record of D. dibranchiata Blake & Dean, 2019, previously only known from Panama. The new species is distinguished from other Dodecaceria species by having lateral tentacles, a smooth peristomium, 3-5 pairs of branchiae, hooks from chaetiger 11 in notopodia and 9 in neuropodia. Dodecaceria dibranchiata, a Caribbean species, is here recorded for the first time in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ruta
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Davi Moreira Mundim
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Freitas
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rannyele P. Ribeiro
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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5
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Kostyuchenko RP, Smirnova NP. Vasa, Piwi, and Pl10 Expression during Sexual Maturation and Asexual Reproduction in the Annelid Pristina longiseta. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 37606490 PMCID: PMC10443295 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Naidids are tiny, transparent freshwater oligochaetes, which are well known for their ability to propagate asexually. Despite the fact that sexually mature individuals and cocoons with embryos are sometimes found in nature, in long-period laboratory cultures, worms reproduce agametically only. In this paper, we showed, for the first time, the expression of Vasa, Piwi, and Pl10 homologs in mature Pristina longiseta worms with well-developed reproductive system structures and germ cells. Although the animals have been propagated asexually by paratomic fission for over 20 years in our lab, some individuals become sexualized under standard conditions for our laboratory culture and demonstrate various stages of maturation. The fully matured animals developed a complete set of sexual apparatus including spermatheca, atrium, seminal vesicles, and ovisac. They also had a clitellum and were able to form cocoons. The cues for the initiation of sexual maturation are still unknown for P. longiseta; nevertheless, our data suggest that the laboratory strain of P. longiseta maintains the ability to become fully sexually mature and to establish germline products even after a long period of agametic reproduction. On the other hand, many of the sexualized worms formed a fission zone and continued to reproduce asexually. Thus, in this species, the processes of asexual reproduction and sexual maturation do not preclude each other, and Vasa, Piwi, and Pl10 homologs are expressed in both somatic and germline tissue including the posterior growth zone, fission zone, nervous system, germline cells, and gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P. Kostyuchenko
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Natalia P. Smirnova
- Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Unit for Cell Signaling, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre for Organ on a Chip-Technology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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6
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Imperadore P, Jones KM, Morgan JR, De Sio F, Stahnisch FW. Editorial: Regeneration from cells to limbs: past, present, and future. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1229613. [PMID: 37389352 PMCID: PMC10303884 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1229613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Imperadore
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
- Association for Cephalopod Research—CephRes, Napoli, Italy
| | - Kathryn Maxson Jones
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of History, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Morgan
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Fabio De Sio
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Centre for Life and Society, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank W. Stahnisch
- Alberta Medical Foundation/Hannah Professor in the History of Medicine and Health Care, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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7
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The sea spider Pycnogonum litorale overturns the paradigm of the absence of axial regeneration in molting animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217272120. [PMID: 36689663 PMCID: PMC9946000 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217272120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative abilities and their evolution in the different animal lineages have fascinated generations of biologists. While some taxa are capable of restoring entire individuals from small body fragments, others can regrow only specific structures or lack structural regeneration completely. In contrast to many other protostomes, including the segmented annelids, molting animals (Ecdysozoa) are commonly considered incapable of primary body axis regeneration, which has been hypothesized to be linked to the evolution of their protective cuticular exoskeleton. This holds also for the extraordinarily diverse, segmented arthropods. Contradicting this long-standing paradigm, we here show that immatures of the sea spider Pycnogonum litorale reestablish the posterior body pole after transverse amputation and can regrow almost complete segments and the terminal body region, including the hindgut, anus, and musculature. Depending on the amputation level, normal phenotypes or hypomeric six-legged forms develop. Remarkably, also the hypomeric animals regain reproductive functionality by ectopic formation of gonoducts and gonopores. The discovery of such complex regenerative patterns in an extant arthropod challenges the hitherto widely assumed evolutionary loss of axial regeneration during ecdysozoan evolution. Rather, the branching of sea spiders at the base of Chelicerata and their likely ancestral anamorphic development suggests that the arthropod stem species may have featured similar regenerative capabilities. Accordingly, our results provide an incentive for renewed comparative regeneration studies across ecdysozoans, with the aim to resolve whether this trait was potentially even inherited from the protostome ancestor.
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8
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Tanvi Singh, Mani S, Bhakta A, Azad GK, Yasmin S. Assessment of the Effect of Valproic Acid on Regeneration in Eisenia fetida. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022140151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Ponz-Segrelles G, Ribeiro RP, Aguado MT. Monsters reveal patterns: bifurcated annelids and their implications for the study of development and evolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:896-922. [PMID: 34931440 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During recent decades, the study of anatomical anomalies has been of great relevance for research on development and its evolution. Yet most animal groups have never been studied under this perspective. In annelids, one of the most common and remarkable anomalies is anteroposterior axis bifurcation, that is animals that have two or more heads and/or tails. Bifurcated annelids were first described in the 18th century and have been occasionally reported since then. However, these animals have rarely been considered other than curiosities, one-off anomalies, or monsters, and a condensed but comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon is lacking. Such an analysis of the existing knowledge is necessary for addressing the different patterns of annelid bifurcation, as well as to understand possible developmental mechanisms behind them and their evolution. In this review we summarize reports of annelid bifurcation published during the last 275 years and the wide variety of anatomies they present. Our survey reveals bifurcation as a widespread phenomenon found all over the annelid tree. Moreover, it also shows that bifurcations can be classified into different types according to anatomy (lateral versus dorsoventral) or developmental origin (embryonic versus postembryonic, the latter occurring in relation to regeneration, reproduction, or growth). Regarding embryos, three different types of bifurcation can be found: conjoined twins (in clitellates); Janus embryos (two posterior ends with a single head which shows duplicated structures); and duplicitas cruciata embryos (with anterior and posterior bifurcation with a 90° rotation). In adults, we show that while lateral bifurcation can result in well-integrated phenotypes, dorsoventral bifurcation cannot since it requires the discontinuity of at least some internal organs. The relevance of this distinction is highlighted in the case of the Ribbon Clade, a group of syllid annelids in which some species reproduce by collateral and successive gemmiparity (which involves dorsoventral bifurcation), while others grow by branching laterally. Although most known cases of bifurcation came from accidental findings in the wild or were unintentionally produced, experimental studies resulting in the induction of bifurcation of both embryos and adults are also reviewed. In embryos, these experimental studies show how mechanical or chemical disruption of the zygote can result in bifurcation. In adults, the ventral nervous system and the digestive tract seem to play a role in the induction of bifurcation. Based on the reviewed evidence, we argue that the long-forgotten study of annelid developmental anomalies should be incorporated into the growing field of annelid EvoDevo and examined with modern techniques and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ponz-Segrelles
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin, 2, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Rannyele P Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin, 2, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, U.S.A
| | - M Teresa Aguado
- Biodiversitätsmuseum, Animal Evolution & Biodiversity, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
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10
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Martinez Acosta VG, Arellano-Carbajal F, Gillen K, Tweeten KA, Zattara EE. It Cuts Both Ways: An Annelid Model System for the Study of Regeneration in the Laboratory and in the Classroom. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:780422. [PMID: 34912808 PMCID: PMC8667080 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.780422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms supporting regeneration and successful recovery of function have fascinated scientists and the general public for quite some time, with the earliest description of regeneration occurring in the 8th century BC through the Greek mythological story of Prometheus. While most animals demonstrate the capacity for wound-healing, the ability to initiate a developmental process that leads to a partial or complete replacement of a lost structure varies widely among animal taxa. Variation also occurs within single species based on the nature and location of the wound and the developmental stage or age of the individual. Comparative studies of cellular and molecular changes that occur both during, and following, wound healing may point to conserved genomic pathways among animals of different regenerative capacity. Such insights could revolutionize studies within the field of regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on several closely related species of Lumbriculus (Clitellata: Lumbriculidae), as we present a case for revisiting the use of an annelid model system for the study of regeneration. We hope that this review will provide a primer to Lumbriculus biology not only for regeneration researchers but also for STEM teachers and their students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathy Gillen
- Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, United States
| | - Kay A. Tweeten
- Department of Biology, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Eduardo E. Zattara
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, The Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Biology, Indiana Molecular Biology Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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11
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Rinkevich B, Ballarin L, Martinez P, Somorjai I, Ben-Hamo O, Borisenko I, Berezikov E, Ereskovsky A, Gazave E, Khnykin D, Manni L, Petukhova O, Rosner A, Röttinger E, Spagnuolo A, Sugni M, Tiozzo S, Hobmayer B. A pan-metazoan concept for adult stem cells: the wobbling Penrose landscape. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:299-325. [PMID: 34617397 PMCID: PMC9292022 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) in vertebrates and model invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster) are typically long‐lived, lineage‐restricted, clonogenic and quiescent cells with somatic descendants and tissue/organ‐restricted activities. Such ASCs are mostly rare, morphologically undifferentiated, and undergo asymmetric cell division. Characterized by ‘stemness’ gene expression, they can regulate tissue/organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration. By contrast, analysis of other animal phyla shows that ASCs emerge at different life stages, present both differentiated and undifferentiated phenotypes, and may possess amoeboid movement. Usually pluri/totipotent, they may express germ‐cell markers, but often lack germ‐line sequestering, and typically do not reside in discrete niches. ASCs may constitute up to 40% of animal cells, and participate in a range of biological phenomena, from whole‐body regeneration, dormancy, and agametic asexual reproduction, to indeterminate growth. They are considered legitimate units of selection. Conceptualizing this divergence, we present an alternative stemness metaphor to the Waddington landscape: the ‘wobbling Penrose’ landscape. Here, totipotent ASCs adopt ascending/descending courses of an ‘Escherian stairwell’, in a lifelong totipotency pathway. ASCs may also travel along lower stemness echelons to reach fully differentiated states. However, from any starting state, cells can change their stemness status, underscoring their dynamic cellular potencies. Thus, vertebrate ASCs may reflect just one metazoan ASC archetype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Ildiko Somorjai
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Oshrat Ben-Hamo
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Ilya Borisenko
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Ereskovsky
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille, 13007, France.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Vavilova, 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Eve Gazave
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Bygg 19, Gaustad Sykehus, Sognsvannsveien 21, Oslo, 0188, Norway
| | - Lucia Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Olga Petukhova
- Collection of Vertebrate Cell Cultures, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Eric Röttinger
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Federative Research Institute - Marine Resources (IFR MARRES), 28 Avenue de Valrose, Nice, 06103, France
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Tiozzo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer, Villefranche sur Mer, Cedex, France
| | - Bert Hobmayer
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr, Innsbruck, 256020, Austria
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12
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Ribeiro RP, Egger B, Ponz-Segrelles G, Aguado MT. Cellular proliferation dynamics during regeneration in Syllis malaquini (Syllidae, Annelida). Front Zool 2021; 18:27. [PMID: 34044865 PMCID: PMC8161976 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In syllids (Annelida, Syllidae), the regenerative blastema was subject of many studies in the mid and late XXth century. This work on syllid regeneration showed that the blastema is developed by a process of dedifferentiation of cells near the wound, followed by their proliferation and redifferentiation (cells differentiate to the original cell type) or, in some specific cases, transdifferentiation (cells differentiate to a cell type different from the original). Up to date, participation of stem cells or pre-existing proliferative cells in the blastema development has never been observed in syllids. This study provides the first comprehensive description of Syllis malaquini's regenerative capacity, including data on the cellular proliferation dynamics by using an EdU/BrdU labelling approach, in order to trace proliferative cells (S-phase cells) present before and after operation. RESULTS Syllis malaquini can restore the anterior and posterior body from different cutting levels under experimental conditions, even from midbody fragments. Our results on cellular proliferation showed that S-phase cells present in the body before bisection do not significantly contribute to blastema development. However, in some specimens cut at the level of the proventricle, cells in S-phase located in the digestive tube before bisection participated in regeneration. Also, our results showed that nucleus shape allows to distinguish different types of blastemal cells as forming specific tissues. Additionally, simultaneous and sequential addition of segments seem to occur in anterior regeneration, while only sequential addition was observed in posterior regeneration. Remarkably, in contrast with previous studies in syllids, sexual reproduction was not induced during anterior regeneration of amputees lacking the proventricle, a foregut organ widely known to be involved in the stolonization control. CONCLUSIONS Our findings led us to consider that although dedifferentiation and redifferentiation might be more common, proliferative cells present before injury can be involved in regenerative processes in syllids, at least in some cases. Also, we provide data for comparative studies on resegmentation as a process that differs between anterior and posterior regeneration; and on the controversial role of the proventricle in the reproduction of different syllid lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rannyele Passos Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bernhard Egger
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - M Teresa Aguado
- Animal Evolution & Biodiversity, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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13
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Pates G, Maceren-Pates M, Peter MJ, Yoshikuni M, Kurita Y. The Germline Marker Piwi Expressed in the Skin Layer of the Polychaete Perinereis wilsoni After Injury. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:103-111. [PMID: 33812350 DOI: 10.2108/zs200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nereidid polychaete Perinereis wilsoni is a homonomous metameric worm with a complete septum between each segment. Each segment has germ cells localized in the distal area of the parapodia. Perinereis wilsoni is also known to have high abilities of tissue regeneration; however, it is still unclear whether germ cells can regenerate in the healing tissue. To address this, we surgically operated the parapodia of an adult worm to remove germ cells from the segments and observed the germ cell regeneration using the germ cell genetic marker Pw-piwi. At day 20 post-surgical operation of the parapodia in one side of the segment, we found that Pw-piwi was expressed in the regenerating parapodia. We surgically operated the parapodia on both sides of the segment to remove the germ cells completely and it gave a similar result. However, before the expression of this gene marker in the regenerating parapodia, we observed that Pw-piwi was expressed in cells in the skin layer of the worm just after surgical operations. These Pw-piwi-positive cells were not observed in the un-operated worm. Our observations showed that germ cells of Perinereis wilsoni can regenerate even after the complete removal of germ cells from the defined habitat. The Pw-piwipositive cells that appeared in the skin layer after the disappearance of germ cells may be involved in the regeneration of new germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaudioso Pates
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukutsu 811-3304, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yoshihisa Kurita
- Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukutsu 811-3304, Japan,
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14
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Identification and expression of adenosine deaminases acting on tRNA (ADAT) during early tail regeneration of the earthworm. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:295-301. [PMID: 33575975 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA editing is a widespread phenomenon in all metazoans. One of the common RNA editing event is the chemical conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on tRNA (ADAT). During D. melanogaster development, the ADAT1 transcript was found to localize mainly to the central nervous system including brain and ventral nerve cord during brain development. Although an earthworm adenosine deaminases acting on mRNA (ADAR) has been identified and its possible implication in earthworm regeneration has been investigated, there is little accumulated information on ADAT and tRNA editing in the annelid including terrestrial earthworms. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics and the expression pattern of earthworm ADAT during tail regeneration to understand its physiological significance. METHODS Nucleotide sequence of Ean-ADAT was retrieved from the genome assembly of Eisenia andrei via Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The genome assembly of Eisenia andrei was downloaded from National Genomics Data Center ( http://bigd.big.ac.cn/gwh/ ). The alignment and phylogenetic relationship of the core deaminase domains of ADATs and ADARs were analyzed. Its temporal expression during early tail regeneration was measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS The open reading frame of Ean-ADAT consists of 1719 nucleotides encoding 573 amino acids. Domain analysis indicates that Ean-ADAT has a deaminase domain composed of 498 amino acids and a predicted nuclear localization signal at the N-terminal. Its subcellular localization was predicted to be nuclear. The core deaminase region of Ean-ADAT encompasses the three active-site motifs, including zinc-chelating residues and a glutamate residue for catalytic activity. In addition, Ean-ADAT shares highly conserved RNA recognition region flanking the third cysteine of the deaminase motif with other ADAT1s even from the yeast. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicate that Ean-ADAT shows greater similarity to vertebrate ADARs than to yeast Tad1p. Ean-ADAT mRNA expression began to remarkably decrease before 12 h post-amputation, showing a tendency to gradual decrease until 7 dpa and then it slightly rebounded at 10 dpa. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Ean-ADAT belongs to a class of ADAT1s and support the hypothesis of a common evolutionary origin for ADARs and ADATs. The temporal expression of Ean-ADAT could suggest that its activity is unrelated to the molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation.
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15
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DeFrates KG, Franco D, Heber-Katz E, Messersmith PB. Unlocking mammalian regeneration through hypoxia inducible factor one alpha signaling. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120646. [PMID: 33493769 PMCID: PMC8279430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the field of regenerative medicine has aimed to heal damaged tissue through the use of biomaterials scaffolds or delivery of foreign progenitor cells. Despite 30 years of research, however, translation and commercialization of these techniques has been limited. To enable mammalian regeneration, a more practical approach may instead be to develop therapies that evoke endogenous processes reminiscent of those seen in innate regenerators. Recently, investigations into tadpole tail regrowth, zebrafish limb restoration, and the super-healing Murphy Roths Large (MRL) mouse strain, have identified ancient oxygen-sensing pathways as a possible target to achieve this goal. Specifically, upregulation of the transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor one alpha (HIF-1α) has been shown to modulate cell metabolism and plasticity, as well as inflammation and tissue remodeling, possibly priming injuries for regeneration. Since HIF-1α signaling is conserved across species, environmental or pharmacological manipulation of oxygen-dependent pathways may elicit a regenerative response in non-healing mammals. In this review, we will explore the emerging role of HIF-1α in mammalian healing and regeneration, as well as attempts to modulate protein stability through hyperbaric oxygen treatment, intermittent hypoxia therapy, and pharmacological targeting. We believe that these therapies could breathe new life into the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey G DeFrates
- Department of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Daniela Franco
- Department of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Ellen Heber-Katz
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA.
| | - Phillip B Messersmith
- Department of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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16
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Yoon YB, Yu YS, Park BJ, Cho SJ, Park SC. Identification and Spatiotemporal Expression of Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADAR) during Earthworm Regeneration: Its Possible Implication in Muscle Redifferentiation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120448. [PMID: 33291433 PMCID: PMC7762157 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Among the animal species capable of regenerating missing body parts, a species of earthworm, Perionyx excavatus, has the most powerful regeneration capacity, which can completely and regenerate an amputated head and tail. Earthworm regeneration is a form of epimorphosis, a simple mode of development in adults that occurs around the sites of damage rather than throughout the body. In order to achieve this process, the earthworm must have molecular tools via which a variety of cell and tissue types can be precisely recovered from the pluripotent (or possibly totipotent) blastemal cells. Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) can generate substantial transcriptome and proteome variability and provide an ideal tool for cell and tissue re-specification. To understand the role of ADAR during earthworm regeneration, the molecular characteristics of an ADAR gene identified from P. excavatus (Pex-ADAR) were analyzed, and its spatial and temporal expression patterns were observed during regeneration. Domain analysis showed that Pex-ADAR is a member of the ADAR1 class. Its expression level primarily increases when and where muscle redifferentiation is actively taking place, suggesting that the RNA-editing enzyme Pex-ADAR is involved in muscle redifferentiation. Abstract Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine (A) to produce inosine (I) in double-stranded RNA substrates. A-to-I RNA editing has increasingly broad physiological significance in development, carcinogenesis, and environmental adaptation. Perionyx excavatus is an earthworm with potent regenerative potential; it can regenerate the head and tail and is an advantageous model system to investigate the molecular mechanisms of regeneration. During RNA sequencing analysis of P. excavatus regenerates, we identified an ADAR homolog (Pex-ADAR), which led us to examine its spatial and temporal expression to comprehend how Pex-ADAR is linked to regeneration. At first, in domain analysis, we discovered that Pex-ADAR only has one double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD) and a deaminase domain without a Z-DNA-binding domain (ZBD). In addition, a comparison of the core deaminase domains of Pex-ADAR with those of other ADAR family members indicated that Pex-ADAR comprises the conserved three active-site motifs and a glutamate residue for catalytic activity. Pex-ADAR also shares 11 conserved residues, a characteristic of ADAR1, supporting that Pex-ADAR is a member of ADAR1 class. Its temporal expression was remarkably low in the early stages of regeneration before suddenly increasing at 10 days post amputation (dpa) when diverse cell types and tissues were being regenerated. In situ hybridization of Pex-ADAR messenger RNA (mRNA) indicated that the main expression was observed in regenerating muscle layers and related connective tissues. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that an RNA-editing enzyme, Pex-ADAR, is implicated in muscle redifferentiation during earthworm regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Bin Yoon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.B.Y.); (B.J.P.)
| | - Yun-Sang Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Beom Jun Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.B.Y.); (B.J.P.)
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-J.C.); (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2294 (S.-J.C.); +82-2-820-5212 (S.C.P.)
| | - Soon Cheol Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.B.Y.); (B.J.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.C.); (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2294 (S.-J.C.); +82-2-820-5212 (S.C.P.)
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17
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Bae YS, Kim J, Yi J, Park SC, Lee HY, Cho SJ. Characterization of Perionyx excavatus Development and Its Head Regeneration. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090273. [PMID: 32899511 PMCID: PMC7564270 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is a biological process restoring lost or amputated body parts. The capability of regeneration varies among organisms and the regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) is limited to specific animals, including the earthworm Perionyx excavatus. Thus, it is crucial to establish P. excavatus as a model system to investigate mechanisms of CNS regeneration. Here, we set up a culture system to sustain the life cycle of P. excavatus and characterize the development of P. excavatus, from embryo to juvenile, based on its morphology, myogenesis and neurogenesis. During development, embryos have EdU-positive proliferating cells throughout the whole body, whereas juveniles maintain proliferating cells exclusively in the head and tail regions, not in the trunk region. Interestingly, juveniles amputated at the trunk, which lacks proliferating cells, are able to regenerate the entire head. In this process, a group of cells, which are fully differentiated, reactivates cell proliferation. Our data suggest that P. excavatus is a model system to study CNS regeneration, which is dependent on the dedifferentiation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Seon Bae
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (Y.S.B.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Life Sciences Addition #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
| | - Jeesoo Yi
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (Y.S.B.); (J.Y.)
| | - Soon Cheol Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Hae-Youn Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (Y.S.B.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.L.); (S.-J.C.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2294 (H.-Y.L. & S.-J.C.)
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (Y.S.B.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.L.); (S.-J.C.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2294 (H.-Y.L. & S.-J.C.)
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18
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Multiple cryoinjuries modulate the efficiency of zebrafish heart regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11551. [PMID: 32665622 PMCID: PMC7360767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish can regenerate their damaged hearts throughout their lifespan. It is, however, unknown, whether regeneration remains effective when challenged with successive cycles of cardiac damage in the same animals. Here, we assessed ventricular restoration after two, three and six cryoinjuries interspaced by recovery periods. Using transgenic cell-lineage tracing analysis, we demonstrated that the second cryoinjury damages the regenerated area from the preceding injury, validating the experimental approach. We identified that after multiple cryoinjuries, all hearts regrow a thickened myocardium, similarly to hearts after one cryoinjury. However, the efficiency of scar resorption decreased with the number of repeated cryoinjuries. After six cryoinjuries, all examined hearts failed to completely resolve the fibrotic tissue, demonstrating reduced myocardial restoration. This phenotype was associated with enhanced recruitment of neutrophils and decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation at the early regenerative phase. Furthermore, we found that each repeated cryoinjury increased the accumulation of collagen at the injury site. Our analysis demonstrates that the cardiac regenerative program can be successfully activated many times, despite a persisting scar in the wounded area. This finding provides a new perspective for regenerative therapies, aiming in stimulation of organ regeneration in the presence of fibrotic tissue in mammalian models and humans.
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19
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Kostyuchenko RP, Kozin VV. Morphallaxis versus Epimorphosis? Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Regeneration and Asexual Reproduction in Annelids. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Ribeiro RP, Ponz-Segrelles G, Bleidorn C, Aguado MT. Comparative transcriptomics in Syllidae (Annelida) indicates that posterior regeneration and regular growth are comparable, while anterior regeneration is a distinct process. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:855. [PMID: 31726983 PMCID: PMC6854643 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Annelids exhibit remarkable postembryonic developmental abilities. Most annelids grow during their whole life by adding segments through the action of a segment addition zone (SAZ) located in front of the pygidium. In addition, they show an outstanding ability to regenerate their bodies. Experimental evidence and field observations show that many annelids are able to regenerate their posterior bodies, while anterior regeneration is often limited or absent. Syllidae, for instance, usually show high abilities of posterior regeneration, although anterior regeneration varies across species. Some syllids are able to partially restore the anterior end, while others regenerate all lost anterior body after bisection. Here, we used comparative transcriptomics to detect changes in the gene expression profiles during anterior regeneration, posterior regeneration and regular growth of two syllid species: Sphaerosyllis hystrix and Syllis gracilis; which exhibit limited and complete anterior regeneration, respectively. Results We detected a high number of genes with differential expression: 4771 genes in S. hystrix (limited anterior regeneration) and 1997 genes in S. gracilis (complete anterior regeneration). For both species, the comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that gene expression during posterior regeneration and regular growth was very similar, whereas anterior regeneration was characterized by up-regulation of several genes. Among the up-regulated genes, we identified putative homologs of regeneration-related genes associated to cellular proliferation, nervous system development, establishment of body axis, and stem-cellness; such as rup and JNK (in S. hystrix); and glutamine synthetase, elav, slit, Hox genes, β-catenin and PL10 (in S. gracilis). Conclusions Posterior regeneration and regular growth show no significant differences in gene expression in the herein investigated syllids. However, anterior regeneration is associated with a clear change in terms of gene expression in both species. Our comparative transcriptomic analysis was able to detect differential expression of some regeneration-related genes, suggesting that syllids share some features of the regenerative mechanisms already known for other annelids and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rannyele Passos Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Ponz-Segrelles
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Bleidorn
- Animal Evolution & Biodiversity, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Aguado
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Animal Evolution & Biodiversity, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. .,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, España.
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21
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Miura T, Oguchi K, Nakamura M, Jimi N, Miura S, Hayashi Y, Koshikawa S, Aguado MT. Life Cycle of the Japanese Green Syllid, Megasyllis nipponica (Annelida: Syllidae): Field Collection and Establishment of Rearing System. Zoolog Sci 2019; 36:372-379. [PMID: 33319960 DOI: 10.2108/zs190058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some polychaete species in the family Syllidae exhibit distinctive life cycles, in which a posterior part of the body of an individual detaches as a reproductive individual called a "stolon". This type of reproductive mode is known as stolonization or schizogamy. Although a number of observations have been reported, and techniques using molecular markers have recently been applied to characterize this phenomenon, little is known about the developmental and physiological mechanisms underlying stolonization. In the present study, Megasyllis nipponica, a common syllid species distributed throughout Japan, is proposed as a model to reveal the developmental and physiological mechanism of stolonization, and the rearing system to maintain it in laboratory conditions is described. This species was repeatedly sampled around Hokkaido, where more dense populations were found from August to October. The animals were maintained in the laboratory under stable long-day condition (20°C, 16L:8D), and fed mainly with spinach powder. Stolonization processes, spawning, embryonic and postembryonic development were observed and documented, and the required period of time for each developmental stage was recorded. The complete generation time was around two months under the rearing condition. The information provided is valuable to maintain this and other syllid species in the laboratory, and hence contributes to the establishment of new evolutionary and developmental research lines in this group of annelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Miura
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan, .,Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kohei Oguchi
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan.,Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nakamura
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Naoto Jimi
- Bioscience Group, National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-0014, Japan
| | - Sakiko Miura
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan.,Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hayashi
- Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Koshikawa
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - M Teresa Aguado
- Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Ponz‐Segrelles G, Bleidorn C, Aguado MT. Expression of
vasa
,
piwi
, and
nanos
during gametogenesis in
Typosyllis antoni
(Annelida, Syllidae). Evol Dev 2018; 20:132-145. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ponz‐Segrelles
- Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblancoMadridSpain
| | - Christoph Bleidorn
- Animal Evolution and BiodiversityGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - M. Teresa Aguado
- Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblancoMadridSpain
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