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Jing X, Wang P, Liu J, Xiang M, Song X, Wang C, Li P, Li H, Wu Z, Zhang C. A viral protein competitively bound to rice CIPK23 inhibits potassium absorption and facilitates virus systemic infection in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2348-2363. [PMID: 38578842 PMCID: PMC11258980 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) plays a crucial role as a macronutrient in the growth and development of plants. Studies have definitely determined the vital roles of K+ in response to pathogen invasion. Our previous investigations revealed that rice plants infected with rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) displayed a reduction in K+ content, but the mechanism by which RGSV infection subverts K+ uptake remains unknown. In this study, we found that overexpression of RGSV P1, a specific viral protein encoded by viral RNA1, results in enhanced sensitivity to low K+ stress and exhibits a significantly lower rate of K+ influx compared to wild-type rice plants. Further investigation revealed that RGSV P1 interacts with OsCIPK23, an upstream regulator of Shaker K+ channel OsAKT1. Moreover, we found that the P1 protein recruits the OsCIPK23 to the Cajal bodies (CBs). In vivo assays demonstrated that the P1 protein competitively binds to OsCIPK23 with both OsCBL1 and OsAKT1. In the nucleus, the P1 protein enhances the binding of OsCIPK23 to OsCoilin, a homologue of the signature protein of CBs in Arabidopsis, and facilitates their trafficking through these CB structures. Genetic analysis indicates that mutant in oscipk23 suppresses RGSV systemic infection. Conversely, osakt1 mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to RGSV infection. These findings suggest that RGSV P1 hinders the absorption of K+ in rice plants by recruiting the OsCIPK23 to the CB structures. This process potentially promotes virus systemic infection but comes at the expense of inhibiting OsAKT1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jing
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan ProvinceCollege of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Pengyue Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan ProvinceCollege of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jianjian Liu
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan ProvinceCollege of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and ManagementCollege of AgronomyYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Meirong Xiang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan ProvinceCollege of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xia Song
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Chaonan Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan ProvinceCollege of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Pengbai Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan ProvinceCollege of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Honglian Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan ProvinceCollege of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zujian Wu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan ProvinceCollege of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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2
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González-Arzola K. The nucleolus: Coordinating stress response and genomic stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195029. [PMID: 38642633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The perception that the nucleoli are merely the organelles where ribosome biogenesis occurs is challenged. Only around 30 % of nucleolar proteins are solely involved in producing ribosomes. Instead, the nucleolus plays a critical role in controlling protein trafficking during stress and, according to its dynamic nature, undergoes continuous protein exchange with nucleoplasm under various cellular stressors. Hence, the concept of nucleolar stress has evolved as cellular insults that disrupt the structure and function of the nucleolus. Considering the emerging role of this organelle in DNA repair and the fact that rDNAs are the most fragile genomic loci, therapies targeting the nucleoli are increasingly being developed. Besides, drugs that target ribosome synthesis and induce nucleolar stress can be used in cancer therapy. In contrast, agents that regulate nucleolar activity may be a potential treatment for neurodegeneration caused by abnormal protein accumulation in the nucleolus. Here, I explore the roles of nucleoli beyond their ribosomal functions, highlighting the factors triggering nucleolar stress and their impact on genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González-Arzola
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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3
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Scarrott JM, Johari YB, Pohle TH, Liu P, Mayer A, James DC. Increased recombinant adeno-associated virus production by HEK293 cells using small molecule chemical additives. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200450. [PMID: 36495042 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has established itself as a highly efficacious gene delivery vector with a well characterised safety profile allowing broad clinical application. Recent successes in rAAV-mediated gene therapy clinical trials will continue to drive demand for improved rAAV production processes to reduce costs. Here, we demonstrate that small molecule bioactive chemical additives can significantly increase recombinant AAV vector production by human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells up to three-fold. Nocodazole (an anti-mitotic agent) and M344 (a selective histone deacetylase inhibitor) were identified as positive regulators of rAAV8 genome titre in a microplate screening assay. Addition of nocodazole to triple-transfected HEK293 suspension cells producing rAAV arrested cells in G2/M phase, increased average cell volume and reduced viable cell density relative to untreated rAAV producing cells at harvest. Final crude genome vector titre from nocodazole treated cultures was >2-fold higher compared to non-treated cultures. Further investigation showed nocodazole addition to cultures to be time critical. Genome titre improvement was found to be scalable and serotype independent across two distinct rAAV serotypes, rAAV8 and rAAV9. Furthermore, a combination of M344 and nocodazole produced a positive additive effect on rAAV8 genome titre, resulting in a three-fold increase in genome titre compared to untreated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Scarrott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yusuf B Johari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thilo H Pohle
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ping Liu
- Cell Line Development, REGENXBIO Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ayda Mayer
- Cell Line Development, REGENXBIO Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - David C James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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4
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Liu Z, Larocque É, Xie Y, Xiao Y, Lemay G, Peloponese JM, Mesnard JM, Rassart É, Lin R, Zhou S, Zeng Y, Gao H, Cen S, Barbeau B. A newly identified interaction between nucleolar NPM1/B23 and the HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor in HTLV-1 infected cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988944. [PMID: 36532440 PMCID: PMC9753777 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 is the causative agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). The HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) has been associated to the cancer-inducing properties of this virus, although the exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, we identified nucleophosmin (NPM1/B23) as a new interaction partner of HBZ. We show that sHBZ and the less abundant uHBZ isoform interact with nucleolar NPM1/B23 in infected cells and HTLV-1 positive patient cells, unlike equivalent antisense proteins of related non-leukemogenic HTLV-2, -3 and-4 viruses. We further demonstrate that sHBZ association to NPM1/B23 is sensitive to RNase. Interestingly, sHBZ was shown to interact with its own RNA. Through siRNA and overexpression experiments, we further provide evidence that NPM1/B23 acts negatively on viral gene expression with potential impact on cell transformation. Our results hence provide a new insight over HBZ-binding partners in relation to cellular localization and potential function on cell proliferation and should lead to a better understanding of the link between HBZ and ATL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Liu
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre d’excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital & Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Émilie Larocque
- Centre d’excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yongli Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre d’excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Lemay
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Peloponese
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Mesnard
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Éric Rassart
- Centre d’excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital & Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Neurosurgery Department, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Neurosurgery Department, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- Neurosurgery Department, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre d’excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Lytic Reactivation of the Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Is Accompanied by Major Nucleolar Alterations. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081720. [PMID: 36016343 PMCID: PMC9412354 DOI: 10.3390/v14081720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is a subnuclear compartment whose primary function is the biogenesis of ribosomal subunits. Certain viral infections affect the morphology and composition of the nucleolar compartment and influence ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription and maturation. However, no description of nucleolar morphology and function during infection with Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is available to date. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we documented extensive destruction of the nuclear and nucleolar architecture during the lytic reactivation of KSHV. This was manifested by the redistribution of key nucleolar proteins, including the rRNA transcription factor UBF. Distinct delocalization patterns were evident; certain nucleolar proteins remained together whereas others dissociated, implying that nucleolar proteins undergo nonrandom programmed dispersion. Significantly, the redistribution of UBF was dependent on viral DNA replication or late viral gene expression. No significant changes in pre-rRNA levels and no accumulation of pre-rRNA intermediates were found by RT-qPCR and Northern blot analysis. Furthermore, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), combined with immunofluorescence, revealed an overlap between Fibrillarin and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), which represents the primary product of the pre-rRNA, suggesting that the processing of rRNA proceeds during lytic reactivation. Finally, small changes in the levels of pseudouridylation (Ψ) and 2′-O-methylation (Nm) were documented across the rRNA; however, none were localized to the functional domain. Taken together, our results suggest that despite dramatic changes in the nucleolar organization, rRNA transcription and processing persist during lytic reactivation of KSHV. Whether the observed nucleolar alterations favor productive infection or signify cellular anti-viral responses remains to be determined.
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Batnasan E, Koivukoski S, Kärkkäinen M, Latonen L. Nuclear Organization in Response to Stress: A Special Focus on Nucleoli. Results Probl Cell Differ 2022; 70:469-494. [PMID: 36348119 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss the nuclear organization and how it responds to different types of stress. A key component in these responses is molecular traffic between the different sub-nucleolar compartments, such as nucleoplasm, chromatin, nucleoli, and various speckle and body compartments. This allows specific repair and response activities in locations where they normally are not active and serve to halt sensitive functions until the stress insult passes and inflicted damage has been repaired. We focus on mammalian cells and their nuclear organization, especially describing the central role of the nucleolus in nuclear stress responses. We describe events after multiple stress types, including DNA damage, various drugs, and toxic compounds, and discuss the involvement of macromolecular traffic between dynamic, phase-separated nuclear organelles and foci. We delineate the key proteins and non-coding RNA in the formation of stress-responsive, non-membranous nuclear organelles, many of which are relevant to the formation of and utilization in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhzaya Batnasan
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sonja Koivukoski
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minttu Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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Bahadori M, Azizi MH, Dabiri S, Bahadori N. Effects of Human Nucleolus Upon Guest Viral-Life, Focusing in COVID-19 Infection: A Mini- Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 17:1-7. [PMID: 35096082 PMCID: PMC8794558 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2021.540305.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is a subcellular membrane-less structure of eukaryotic cells. In 1965, in a world's southern summer summit in Uruguay, the role of the nucleolus as the site of ribosome synthesis, biogenesis, and processing of tRNA was conclusively established. Today, accumulating evidence confirm the multiple functions of the nucleolus, including tRNA precursor processing, cell stress sensing, as well as being influential in gene silencing, senescence, lifespan, DNA damage response (DDR), and cell cycle regulation. Therefore, nucleolopathy is observed in various human diseases. Modern advances have provided fundamental insights concerning how and why the nucleolus is targeted by different pathogenic organisms. Viruses are major organisms that disrupt the normal function of the nucleus and produce nucleoli proteins for facilitating the replication of viruses causing viral infections. In this review, we focus on the possible role of nucleoli upon coronavirus infections, particularly in coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Bahadori
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Afzalipour Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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8
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de Jong LC, Crnko S, ten Broeke T, Bovenschen N. Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009818. [PMID: 34529743 PMCID: PMC8445437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes produce granules armed with a set of 5 serine proteases (granzymes (Gzms)), which, together with the pore-forming protein (perforin), serve as a major defense against viral infections in humans. This granule-exocytosis pathway subsumes a well-established mechanism in which target cell death is induced upon perforin-mediated entry of Gzms and subsequent activation of various (apoptosis) pathways. In the past decade, however, a growing body of evidence demonstrated that Gzms also inhibit viral replication and potential reactivation in cell death–independent manners. For example, Gzms can induce proteolysis of viral or host cell proteins necessary for the viral entry, release, or intracellular trafficking, as well as augment pro-inflammatory antiviral cytokine response. In this review, we summarize current evidence for the noncytotoxic mechanisms and roles by which killer cells can use Gzms to combat viral infections, and we discuss the potential thereof for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne C. de Jong
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Crnko
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Toine ten Broeke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Song J, Hou L, Wang D, Wei L, Zhu S, Wang J, Quan R, Jiang H, Shi R, Liu J. Nucleolar Phosphoprotein NPM1 Interacts With Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Cap Protein and Facilitates Viral Replication. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:679341. [PMID: 34113334 PMCID: PMC8185148 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.679341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a recently discovered virus with potentially significant implications on the global swine industry. PCV3 replication involves the entry of the viral capsid (Cap) protein with nucleolar localization signals into the nucleus. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, nucleolar phosphoprotein NPM1 was identified as one of the cellular proteins bound to PCV3 Cap. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that PCV3 Cap interacts directly with NPM1, where the region binding with NPM1 is mapped to amino acid residues 1–38 of Cap. Upon co-transfection, the expression of Cap protein promoted the redistribution of NPM1, which translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and colocalized with Cap in cultured PK15 cells. NPM1 expression was upregulated and translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in PCV3-infected cells, upon siRNA-mediated depletion, or upon treatment with NPM1 inhibitor in PK15 cells with impaired PCV3 replication, as evidenced by decreased levels of viral DNA synthesis and protein expression. By contrast, the replication of PCV3 was enhanced in stably NPM1-expressing cells via a lentivirus-delivered system. Taken together, these findings indicate that NPM1 interacts with PCV3 Cap and plays a crucial role in PCV3 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihan Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Decle-Carrasco S, Rodríguez-Zapata LC, Castano E. Plant viral proteins and fibrillarin: the link to complete the infective cycle. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4677-4686. [PMID: 34036480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between viruses with the nucleolus is already a well-defined field of study in plant virology. This interaction is not restricted to those viruses that replicate in the nucleus, in fact, RNA viruses that replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm express proteins that localize in the nucleolus. Some positive single stranded RNA viruses from animals and plants have been reported to interact with the main nucleolar protein, Fibrillarin. Among nucleolar proteins, Fibrillarin is an essential protein that has been conserved in sequence and function throughout evolution. Fibrillarin is a methyltransferase protein with more than 100 methylation sites in the pre-ribosomal RNA, involved in multiple cellular processes, including initiation of transcription, oncogenesis, and apoptosis, among others. Recently, it was found that AtFib2 shows a ribonuclease activity. In plant viruses, Fibrillarin is involved in long-distance movement and cell-to-cell movement, being two highly different processes. The mechanism that Fibrillarin performs is still unknown. However, and despite belonging to very different viral families, the majority comply with the following. (1) They are positive single stranded RNA viruses; (2) encode different types of viral proteins that partially localize in the nucleolus; (3) interacts with Fibrillarin exporting it to the cytoplasm; (4) the viral protein-Fibrillarin interaction forms an RNP complex with the viral RNA and; (5) Fibrillarin depletion affects the infective cycle of the virus. Here we review the relationship of those plant viruses with Fibrillarin interaction, with special focus on the molecular processes of the virus to sequester Fibrillarin to complete its infective cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Decle-Carrasco
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis Carlos Rodríguez-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Enrique Castano
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Raoufi E, Bahramimeimandi B, Salehi-Shadkami M, Chaosri P, Mozafari MR. Methodical Design of Viral Vaccines Based on Avant-Garde Nanocarriers: A Multi-Domain Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:520. [PMID: 34066608 PMCID: PMC8148582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current health crisis caused by coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and associated pathogens emphasize the urgent need for vaccine systems that can generate protective and long-lasting immune responses. Vaccination, employing peptides, nucleic acids, and other molecules, or using pathogen-based strategies, in fact, is one of the most potent approaches in the management of viral diseases. However, the vaccine candidate requires protection from degradation and precise delivery to the target cells. This can be achieved by employing different types of drug and vaccine delivery strategies, among which, nanotechnology-based systems seem to be more promising. This entry aims to provide insight into major aspects of vaccine design and formulation to address different diseases, including the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. Special emphasis of this review is on the technical and practical aspects of vaccine construction and theranostic approaches to precisely target and localize the active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Raoufi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (E.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Bahar Bahramimeimandi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (E.R.); (B.B.)
| | - M. Salehi-Shadkami
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Patcharida Chaosri
- Supreme NanoBiotics Co. Ltd. and Supreme Pharmatech Co. Ltd., 399/90-95 Moo 13 Kingkaew Rd. Soi 25/1, T. Rachateva, A. Bangplee, Samutprakan 10540, Thailand;
| | - M. R. Mozafari
- Supreme NanoBiotics Co. Ltd. and Supreme Pharmatech Co. Ltd., 399/90-95 Moo 13 Kingkaew Rd. Soi 25/1, T. Rachateva, A. Bangplee, Samutprakan 10540, Thailand;
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), Monash University LPO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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12
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Decle-Carrasco S, Rodríguez-Zapata LC, Castano E. Plant viral proteins and fibrillarin: the link to complete the infective cycle. Mol Biol Rep 2021. [PMID: 34036480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06401-1/tables/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between viruses with the nucleolus is already a well-defined field of study in plant virology. This interaction is not restricted to those viruses that replicate in the nucleus, in fact, RNA viruses that replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm express proteins that localize in the nucleolus. Some positive single stranded RNA viruses from animals and plants have been reported to interact with the main nucleolar protein, Fibrillarin. Among nucleolar proteins, Fibrillarin is an essential protein that has been conserved in sequence and function throughout evolution. Fibrillarin is a methyltransferase protein with more than 100 methylation sites in the pre-ribosomal RNA, involved in multiple cellular processes, including initiation of transcription, oncogenesis, and apoptosis, among others. Recently, it was found that AtFib2 shows a ribonuclease activity. In plant viruses, Fibrillarin is involved in long-distance movement and cell-to-cell movement, being two highly different processes. The mechanism that Fibrillarin performs is still unknown. However, and despite belonging to very different viral families, the majority comply with the following. (1) They are positive single stranded RNA viruses; (2) encode different types of viral proteins that partially localize in the nucleolus; (3) interacts with Fibrillarin exporting it to the cytoplasm; (4) the viral protein-Fibrillarin interaction forms an RNP complex with the viral RNA and; (5) Fibrillarin depletion affects the infective cycle of the virus. Here we review the relationship of those plant viruses with Fibrillarin interaction, with special focus on the molecular processes of the virus to sequester Fibrillarin to complete its infective cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Decle-Carrasco
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luis Carlos Rodríguez-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Enrique Castano
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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13
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Shaw J, Yu C, Makhotenko AV, Makarova SS, Love AJ, Kalinina NO, MacFarlane S, Chen J, Taliansky ME. Interaction of a plant virus protein with the signature Cajal body protein coilin facilitates salicylic acid-mediated plant defence responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:439-453. [PMID: 31215645 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In addition to well-known roles in RNA metabolism, the nucleolus and Cajal bodies (CBs), both located within the nucleus, are involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Previously we showed that plants in which expression of the CB protein coilin is downregulated are more susceptible to certain viruses including tobacco rattle virus (TRV), suggesting a role of coilin in antiviral defence. Experiments with coilin-deficient plants and the deletion mutant of the TRV 16K protein showed that both 16K and coilin are required for restriction of systemic TRV infection. The potential mechanisms of coilin-mediated antiviral defence were elucidated via experiments involving co-immunoprecipitation, use of NahG transgenic plants deficient in salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, measurement of endogenous SA concentrations and assessment of SA-responsive gene expression. Here we show that TRV 16K interacts with and relocalizes coilin to the nucleolus. In wild-type plants these events are accompanied by activation of SA-responsive gene expression and restriction of TRV systemic infection. By contrast, viral systemic spread was enhanced in NahG plants, implicating SA in these processes. Our findings suggest that coilin is involved in plant defence, responding to TRV infection by recognition of the TRV-encoded 16K protein and activating SA-dependent defence pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shaw
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Chulang Yu
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 117997, China
| | - Antonida V Makhotenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the RAS, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Makarova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the RAS, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrew J Love
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Natalia O Kalinina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the RAS, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 117997, China
| | - Michael E Taliansky
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the RAS, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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14
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Acar DD, Stroobants VJE, Favoreel H, Saelens X, Nauwynck HJ. Identification of peptide domains involved in the subcellular localization of the feline coronavirus 3b protein. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:1417-1430. [PMID: 31483243 PMCID: PMC7079696 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) has been identified as the aetiological agent of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly fatal systemic disease in cats. FCoV open reading frame 3 (ORF3) encodes accessory proteins 3a, 3b and 3 c. The FCoV 3b accessory protein consists of 72 amino acid residues and localizes to nucleoli and mitochondria. The present work focused on peptide domains within FCoV 3b that drive its intracellular trafficking. Transfection of different cell types with FCoV 3b fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or 3×FLAG confirmed localization of FCoV 3b in the mitochondria and nucleoli. Using serial truncated mutants, we showed that nucleolar accumulation is controlled by a joint nucleolar and nuclear localization signal (NoLS/NLS) in which the identified overlapping pat4 motifs (residues 53–57) play a critical role. Mutational analysis also revealed that mitochondrial translocation is mediated by N-terminal residues 10–35, in which a Tom20 recognition motif (residues 13–17) and two other overlapping hexamers (residues 24–30) associated with mitochondrial targeting were identified. In addition, a second Tom20 recognition motif was identified further downstream (residues 61–65), although the mitochondrial translocation evoked by these residues seemed less efficient as a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution was also observed. Assessing the spatiotemporal distribution of FCoV 3b did not provide convincing evidence of dynamic shuttling behaviour between the nucleoli and the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine D. Acar
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Veerle J. E. Stroobants
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Herman Favoreel
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans J. Nauwynck
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Hans J. Nauwynck,
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15
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Hayashi K, Matsunaga S. Heat and chilling stress induce nucleolus morphological changes. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:395-403. [PMID: 30847615 PMCID: PMC7198650 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus, where components of the ribosome are constructed, is known to play an important role in various stress responses in animals. However, little is known about the role of the plant nucleolus under environmental stresses such as heat and chilling stress. In this study, we analyzed nucleolus morphology by determining the distribution of newly synthesized rRNAs with an analog of uridine, 5-ethynyl uridine (EU). When EU was incorporated into the root of the Arabidopsis thaliana, EU signals were strongly localized in the nucleolus. The results of the short-term incorporation of EU implied that there is no compartmentation among the processes of transcription, processing, and construction of rRNAs. Nevertheless, under heat and chilling stress, EU was not incorporated into the center of the nucleolus. Morphological analyses using whole rRNA staining and differential interference contrast observations revealed speckled and round structures in the center of the nucleolus under heat and chilling stress, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohma Hayashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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16
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Lemay G. Synthesis and Translation of Viral mRNA in Reovirus-Infected Cells: Progress and Remaining Questions. Viruses 2018; 10:E671. [PMID: 30486370 PMCID: PMC6315682 DOI: 10.3390/v10120671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
At the end of my doctoral studies, in 1988, I published a review article on the major steps of transcription and translation during the mammalian reovirus multiplication cycle, a topic that still fascinates me 30 years later. It is in the nature of scientific research to generate further questioning as new knowledge emerges. Our understanding of these fascinating viruses thus remains incomplete but it seemed appropriate at this moment to look back and reflect on our progress and most important questions that still puzzle us. It is also essential of being careful about concepts that seem so well established, but could still be better validated using new approaches. I hope that the few reflections presented here will stimulate discussions and maybe attract new investigators into the field of reovirus research. Many other aspects of the viral multiplication cycle would merit our attention. However, I will essentially limit my discussion to these central aspects of the viral cycle that are transcription of viral genes and their phenotypic expression through the host cell translational machinery. The objective here is not to review every aspect but to put more emphasis on important progress and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Lemay
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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17
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Jin X, Zhang K, Wang X, Han C, Yu J, Li D. Hijacking of the nucleolar protein fibrillarin by TGB1 is required for cell-to-cell movement of Barley stripe mosaic virus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1222-1237. [PMID: 28872759 PMCID: PMC6638131 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) Triple Gene Block1 (TGB1) is a multifunctional movement protein with RNA-binding, ATPase and helicase activities which mainly localizes to the plasmodesmata (PD) in infected cells. Here, we show that TGB1 localizes to the nucleus and the nucleolus, as well as the cytoplasm, and that TGB1 nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking is required for BSMV cell-to-cell movement. Prediction analyses and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) experiments verified that TGB1 possesses a nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) (amino acids 95-104) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS) (amino acids 227-238). NoLS mutations reduced BSMV cell-to-cell movement significantly, whereas NLS mutations almost completely abolished movement. Furthermore, neither the NoLS nor NLS mutant viruses could infect Nicotiana benthamiana systemically, although the NoLS mutant virus was able to establish systemic infections of barley. Protein interaction experiments demonstrated that TGB1 interacts directly with the glycine-arginine-rich (GAR) domain of the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (Fib2). Moreover, in BSMV-infected cells, Fib2 accumulation increased by about 60%-70% and co-localized with TGB1 in the plasmodesmata. In addition, BSMV cell-to-cell movement in fib2 knockdown transgenic plants was reduced to less than one-third of that of non-transgenic plants. Fib2 also co-localized with both TGB1 and BSMV RNA, which are the main components of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) movement complex. Collectively, these results show that TGB1-Fib2 interactions play a direct role in cell-to-cell movement, and we propose that Fib2 is hijacked by BSMV TGB1 to form a BSMV RNP which functions in cell-to-cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
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18
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Iarovaia OV, Ioudinkova ES, Razin SV, Vassetzky YS. Role of the Nucleolus in Rearrangements of the IGH Locus. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Kalinina NO, Makarova S, Makhotenko A, Love AJ, Taliansky M. The Multiple Functions of the Nucleolus in Plant Development, Disease and Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:132. [PMID: 29479362 PMCID: PMC5811523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the most conspicuous domain in the eukaryotic cell nucleus, whose main function is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. However, there is growing evidence that the nucleolus is also implicated in many other aspects of cell biology, such as regulation of cell cycle, growth and development, senescence, telomerase activity, gene silencing, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the first part of the review, we briefly assess the traditional roles of the plant nucleolus in rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis as well as possible functions in other RNA regulatory pathways such as splicing, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and RNA silencing. In the second part of the review we summarize recent progress and discuss already known and new hypothetical roles of the nucleolus in plant growth and development. In addition, this part will highlight studies showing new nucleolar functions involved in responses to pathogen attack and abiotic stress. Cross-talk between the nucleolus and Cajal bodies is also discussed in the context of their association with poly(ADP ribose)polymerase (PARP), which is known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes including growth, development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O. Kalinina
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Natalia O. Kalinina
| | - Svetlana Makarova
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonida Makhotenko
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Michael Taliansky
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Michael Taliansky
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20
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Kostopoulou ON, Wilhelmi V, Raiss S, Ananthaseshan S, Lindström MS, Bartek J, Söderberg-Naucler C. Human cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex type I virus can engage RNA polymerase I for transcription of immediate early genes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96536-96552. [PMID: 29228551 PMCID: PMC5722503 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) utilizes RNA polymerase II to transcribe viral genes and produce viral mRNAs. It can specifically target the nucleolus to facilitate viral transcription and translation. As RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-mediated transcription is active in the nucleolus, we investigated the role of Pol I, along with relative contributions of the human Pol II and Pol III, to early phases of viral transcription in HCMV infected cells, compared with Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Inhibition of Pol I with siRNA or the Pol I inhibitors CX-5461 or Actinomycin D (5nM) resulted in significantly decreased IE and pp65 mRNA and protein levels in human fibroblasts at early times post infection. This initially delayed replication was compensated for later during the replication process, at which stage it didn't significantly affect virus production. Pol I inhibition also reduced HSV-1 ICP0 and gB transcripts, suggesting that some herpesviruses engage Pol I for their early transcription. In contrast, inhibition of Pol I failed to affect MCMV transcription. Collectively, our results contribute to better understanding of the functional interplay between RNA Pol I-mediated nucleolar events and the Herpes viruses, particularly HCMV whose pathogenic impact ranges from congenital malformations and potentially deadly infections among immunosuppressed patients, up to HCMV's emerging oncomodulatory role in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania N Kostopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Wilhelmi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sina Raiss
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharan Ananthaseshan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael S Lindström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science For Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science For Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Naucler
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Love AJ, Yu C, Petukhova NV, Kalinina NO, Chen J, Taliansky ME. Cajal bodies and their role in plant stress and disease responses. RNA Biol 2017; 14:779-790. [PMID: 27726481 PMCID: PMC5519230 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1243650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cajal bodies (CBs) are distinct sub-nuclear structures that are present in eukaryotic living cells and are often associated with the nucleolus. CBs play important roles in RNA metabolism and formation of RNPs involved in transcription, splicing, ribosome biogenesis, and telomere maintenance. Besides these primary roles, CBs appear to be involved in additional functions that may not be directly related to RNA metabolism and RNP biogenesis. In this review, we assess possible roles of plant CBs in RNA regulatory pathways such as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and RNA silencing. We also summarize recent progress and discuss new non-canonical functions of plant CBs in responses to stress and disease. It is hypothesized that CBs can regulate these responses via their interaction with poly(ADP ribose)polymerase (PARP), which is known to play an important role in various physiological processes including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. It is suggested that CBs and their components modify PARP activities and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Love
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Chulang Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Natalia O. Kalinina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Michael E. Taliansky
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Mai W, Huang F, Chen H, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Nervous necrosis virus capsid protein exploits nucleolar phosphoprotein Nucleophosmin (B23) function for viral replication. Virus Res 2016; 230:1-6. [PMID: 28034778 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolar proteins facilitate the replication of certain human and animal viruses through interaction with viral proteins. In this study, an interaction between nervous necrosis virus capsid protein and nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 was identified using in vitro experimental approaches. The capsid protein binds to B23 early during the viral infection and accumulates in the nucleus, particularly in the nucleolus. However, over the course of the infection B23 is redistributed from the nucleoli to the nucleoplasm. siRNA-mediated knockdown of B23 reduced viral replication and cytopathic effect. Thus, B23 targets capsid protein to the nucleus and facilitates NNV replication. The results provide the first demonstration that nucleolar protein B23 has a direct role in the nodavirus replication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Mai
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yajing Zhou
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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23
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Höfer CT, Jolmes F, Haralampiev I, Veit M, Herrmann A. Influenza A virus nucleoprotein targets subnuclear structures. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [PMID: 27696627 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) is the major protein component of the genomic viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes, which are the replication- and transcription-competent units of Influenza viruses. Early during infection, NP mediates import of vRNPs into the host cell nucleus where viral replication and transcription take place; also newly synthesized NP molecules are targeted into the nucleus, enabling coreplicational assembly of progeny vRNPs. NP reportedly acts as regulatory factor during infection, and it is known to be involved in numerous interactions with host cell proteins. Yet, the NP-host cell interplay is still poorly understood. Here, we report that NP significantly interacts with the nuclear compartment and displays distinct affinities for different subnuclear structures. NP subnuclear behavior was studied by expression of fluorescent NP fusion proteins - including obligate monomeric NP - and site-specific fluorescence photoactivation measurements. We found that NP constructs accumulate in subnuclear domains frequently found adjacent to or overlapping with promyelocytic leukemia bodies and Cajal bodies. Targeting of NP to Cajal bodies could further be demonstrated in the context of virus infection. We hypothesize that by targeting functional nuclear organization, NP might either link viral replication to specific cellular machinery or interfere with host cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris T Höfer
- IRI Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Jolmes
- IRI Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivan Haralampiev
- IRI Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Veit
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- IRI Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Komatsu T, Robinson DR, Hisaoka M, Ueshima S, Okuwaki M, Nagata K, Wodrich H. Tracking adenovirus genomes identifies morphologically distinct late DNA replication compartments. Traffic 2016; 17:1168-1180. [PMID: 27492875 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In adenoviral virions, the genome is organized into a chromatin-like structure by viral basic core proteins. Consequently viral DNAs must be replicated, chromatinized and packed into progeny virions in infected cells. Although viral DNA replication centers can be visualized by virtue of viral and cellular factors, the spatiotemporal regulation of viral genomes during subsequent steps remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used imaging analyses to examine the fate of adenoviral genomes and to track newly replicated viral DNA as well as replication-related factors. We show de novo formation of a subnuclear domain, which we termed Virus-induced Post-Replication (ViPR) body, that emerges concomitantly with or immediately after disintegration of initial replication centers. Using a nucleoside analogue, we show that viral genomes continue being synthesized in morphologically distinct replication compartments at the periphery of ViPR bodies and are then transported inward. In addition, we identified a nucleolar protein Mybbp1a as a molecular marker for ViPR bodies, which specifically associated with viral core protein VII. In conclusion, our work demonstrates the formation of previously uncharacterized viral DNA replication compartments specific for late phases of infection that produce progeny viral genomes accumulating in ViPR bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Komatsu
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, MFP CNRS UMR 5234, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Derrick R Robinson
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, MFP CNRS UMR 5234, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miharu Hisaoka
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ueshima
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Okuwaki
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Nagata
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Harald Wodrich
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, MFP CNRS UMR 5234, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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25
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Rawlinson SM, Moseley GW. The nucleolar interface of
RNA
viruses. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1108-20. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Rawlinson
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Gregory W. Moseley
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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26
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Ouellet Lavallée G, Pearson A. Upstream binding factor inhibits herpes simplex virus replication. Virology 2015; 483:108-16. [PMID: 25965800 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection induces changes to the host cell nucleus including relocalization of the cellular protein Upstream Binding Factor (UBF) from the nucleolus to viral replication compartments (VRCs). Herein, we tested the hypothesis that UBF is recruited to VRCs to promote viral DNA replication. Surprisingly, infection of UBF-depleted HeLa cells with HSV-1 or HSV-2 produced higher viral titers compared to controls. Reduced expression of UBF also led to a progressive increase in the relative amount of HSV-1 DNA versus controls, and increased levels of HSV-1 ICP27 and TK mRNA and protein, regardless of whether viral DNA replication was inhibited or not. Our results suggest that UBF can inhibit gene expression from viral DNA prior to its replication. A similar but smaller effect on viral titers was observed in human foreskin fibroblasts. This is the first report of UBF having a restrictive effect on replication of a virus.
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27
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Ahuja R, Kapoor NR, Kumar V. The HBx oncoprotein of hepatitis B virus engages nucleophosmin to promote rDNA transcription and cellular proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1783-95. [PMID: 25918010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic HBx oncoprotein of hepatitis B virus is well known to promote the expression of ribosomal RNAs and several host proteins that are known to support the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While overexpression of the nucleolar phosphoprotein, nucleophosmin (NPM), correlates with HCC progression, its upregulation by viral HBx and the resulting impact on perturbed nucleolar functions remain enigmatic. The present study shows that HBx up-regulates NPM levels and hijacks its functions to promote cellular proliferation. We found that HBx expression stabilizes NPM through post-translational modifications. Enhanced CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPM at Thr199 upon HBx expression prevented its proteolytic cleavage and provided resistance to apoptosis. Further, HBx directly interacted with the C-terminal domain of NPM and got translocated into the nucleolus where it facilitated the recruitment of RNA polymerase I transcriptional machinery onto the rDNA promoter. Our results indicate that HBx enhances rDNA transcription via a novel regulatory mechanism involving acetylation of NPM and the subsequent depletion of histones from the rDNA promoter. Enhanced production of ribosomal RNA resulting from co-expression of HBx and NPM promoted ribosome biogenesis, cellular proliferation and transformation. Taken together, our study strongly suggests an important role of NPM in mediating the oncogenic effects of HBx and the corresponding nucleolar perturbations induced by this viral oncoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Ahuja
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neetu Rohit Kapoor
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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28
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Bailly A, Perrin A, Bou Malhab LJ, Pion E, Larance M, Nagala M, Smith P, O'Donohue MF, Gleizes PE, Zomerdijk J, Lamond AI, Xirodimas DP. The NEDD8 inhibitor MLN4924 increases the size of the nucleolus and activates p53 through the ribosomal-Mdm2 pathway. Oncogene 2015; 35:415-26. [PMID: 25867069 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 is essential for viability, growth and development, and is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. We found that the small molecule inhibitor of NEDDylation, MLN4924, alters the morphology and increases the surface size of the nucleolus in human and germline cells of Caenorhabditis elegans in the absence of nucleolar fragmentation. SILAC proteomics and monitoring of rRNA production, processing and ribosome profiling shows that MLN4924 changes the composition of the nucleolar proteome but does not inhibit RNA Pol I transcription. Further analysis demonstrates that MLN4924 activates the p53 tumour suppressor through the RPL11/RPL5-Mdm2 pathway, with characteristics of nucleolar stress. The study identifies the nucleolus as a target of inhibitors of NEDDylation and provides a mechanism for p53 activation upon NEDD8 inhibition. It also indicates that targeting the nucleolar proteome without affecting nucleolar transcription initiates the required signalling events for the control of cell cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bailly
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire-UMR 5237, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - A Perrin
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire-UMR 5237, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - L J Bou Malhab
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire-UMR 5237, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - E Pion
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire-UMR 5237, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - M Larance
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland/UK
| | - M Nagala
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland/UK
| | - P Smith
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M-F O'Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, UMR CNRS 5099, Bâtiment IBCG, Toulouse, France
| | - P-E Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, UMR CNRS 5099, Bâtiment IBCG, Toulouse, France
| | - J Zomerdijk
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland/UK
| | - A I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland/UK
| | - D P Xirodimas
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire-UMR 5237, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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29
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Pentecost M, Vashisht AA, Lester T, Voros T, Beaty SM, Park A, Wang YE, Yun TE, Freiberg AN, Wohlschlegel JA, Lee B. Evidence for ubiquitin-regulated nuclear and subnuclear trafficking among Paramyxovirinae matrix proteins. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004739. [PMID: 25782006 PMCID: PMC4363627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The paramyxovirus matrix (M) protein is a molecular scaffold required for viral morphogenesis and budding at the plasma membrane. Transient nuclear residence of some M proteins hints at non-structural roles. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms that regulate the nuclear sojourn. Previously, we found that the nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of Nipah virus M (NiV-M) is a prerequisite for budding, and is regulated by a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLSbp), a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES), and monoubiquitination of the K258 residue within the NLSbp itself (NLSbp-lysine). To define whether the sequence determinants of nuclear trafficking identified in NiV-M are common among other Paramyxovirinae M proteins, we generated the homologous NES and NLSbp-lysine mutations in M proteins from the five major Paramyxovirinae genera. Using quantitative 3D confocal microscopy, we determined that the NES and NLSbp-lysine are required for the efficient nuclear export of the M proteins of Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Sendai virus, and Mumps virus. Pharmacological depletion of free ubiquitin or mutation of the conserved NLSbp-lysine to an arginine, which inhibits M ubiquitination, also results in nuclear and nucleolar retention of these M proteins. Recombinant Sendai virus (rSeV-eGFP) bearing the NES or NLSbp-lysine M mutants rescued at similar efficiencies to wild type. However, foci of cells expressing the M mutants displayed marked fusogenicity in contrast to wild type, and infection did not spread. Recombinant Mumps virus (rMuV-eGFP) bearing the homologous mutations showed similar defects in viral morphogenesis. Finally, shotgun proteomics experiments indicated that the interactomes of Paramyxovirinae M proteins are significantly enriched for components of the nuclear pore complex, nuclear transport receptors, and nucleolar proteins. We then synthesize our functional and proteomics data to propose a working model for the ubiquitin-regulated nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of cognate paramyxovirus M proteins that show a consistent nuclear trafficking phenotype. Elucidating virus-cell interactions is fundamental to understanding viral replication and identifying targets for therapeutic control of viral infection. Paramyxoviruses include human and animal pathogens of medical and agricultural significance. Their matrix (M) structural protein organizes virion assembly at the plasma membrane and mediates viral budding. While nuclear localization of M proteins has been described for some paramyxoviruses, the underlying mechanisms of nuclear trafficking and the biological relevance of this observation have remained largely unexamined. Through comparative analyses of M proteins across five Paramyxovirinae genera, we identify M proteins from at least three genera that exhibit similar nuclear trafficking phenotypes regulated by an NLSbp as well as an NES sequence within M that may mediate the interaction of M with host nuclear transport receptors. Additionally, a conserved lysine within the NLSbp of some M proteins is required for nuclear export by regulating M ubiquitination. Sendai virus engineered to express a ubiquitination-defective M does not produce infectious virus but instead displays extensive cell-cell fusion while M is retained in the nucleolus. Thus, some Paramyxovirinae M proteins undergo regulated and active nuclear and subnuclear transport, a prerequisite for viral morphogenesis, which also suggests yet to be discovered roles for M in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickey Pentecost
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ajay A. Vashisht
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Talia Lester
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tim Voros
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shannon M. Beaty
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Arnold Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yao E. Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tatyana E Yun
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander N. Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James A. Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Zhang D, Liang Y, Xie Q, Gao G, Wei J, Huang H, Li J, Gao J, Huang C. A novel post-translational modification of nucleolin, SUMOylation at Lys-294, mediates arsenite-induced cell death by regulating gadd45α mRNA stability. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:4784-4800. [PMID: 25561743 PMCID: PMC4335216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.598219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin is a ubiquitously expressed protein and participates in many important biological processes, such as cell cycle regulation and ribosomal biogenesis. The activity of nucleolin is regulated by intracellular localization and post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, methylation, and ADP-ribosylation. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a category of recently verified forms of post-translational modifications and exerts various effects on the target proteins. In the studies reported here, we discovered SUMOylational modification of human nucleolin protein at Lys-294, which facilitated the mRNA binding property of nucleolin by maintaining its nuclear localization. In response to arsenic exposure, nucleolin-SUMO was induced and promoted its binding with gadd45α mRNA, which increased gadd45α mRNA stability and protein expression, subsequently causing GADD45α-mediated cell death. On the other hand, ectopic expression of Mn-SOD attenuated the arsenite-generated superoxide radical level, abrogated nucleolin-SUMO, and in turn inhibited arsenite-induced apoptosis by reducing GADD45α expression. Collectively, our results for the first time demonstrate that nucleolin-SUMO at K294R plays a critical role in its nucleus sequestration and gadd45α mRNA binding activity. This novel biological function of nucleolin is distinct from its conventional role as a proto-oncogene. Therefore, our findings here not only reveal a new modification of nucleolin protein and its novel functional paradigm in mRNA metabolism but also expand our understanding of the dichotomous roles of nucleolin in terms of cancer development, which are dependent on multiple intracellular conditions and consequently the appropriate regulations of its modifications, including SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuguang Liang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and.
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31
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Brooks WH, Renaudineau Y. Epigenetics and autoimmune diseases: the X chromosome-nucleolus nexus. Front Genet 2015; 6:22. [PMID: 25763008 PMCID: PMC4329817 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases occur more often in females, suggesting a key role for the X chromosome. X chromosome inactivation, a major epigenetic feature in female cells that provides dosage compensation of X-linked genes to avoid overexpression, presents special vulnerabilities that can contribute to the disease process. Disruption of X inactivation can result in loss of dosage compensation with expression from previously sequestered genes, imbalance of gene products, and altered endogenous material out of normal epigenetic context. In addition, the human X has significant differences compared to other species and these differences can contribute to the frequency and intensity of the autoimmune disease in humans as well as the types of autoantigens encountered. Here a link is demonstrated between autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and the X chromosome by discussing cases in which typically non-autoimmune disorders complicated with X chromosome abnormalities also present lupus-like symptoms. The discussion is then extended to the reported spatial and temporal associations of the inactive X chromosome with the nucleolus. When frequent episodes of cellular stress occur, the inactive X chromosome may be disrupted and inadvertently become involved in the nucleolar stress response. Development of autoantigens, many of which are at least transiently components of the nucleolus, is then described. Polyamines, which aid in nucleoprotein complex assembly in the nucleolus, increase further during cell stress, and appear to have an important role in the autoimmune disease process. Autoantigenic endogenous material can potentially be stabilized by polyamines. This presents a new paradigm for autoimmune diseases: that many are antigen-driven and the autoantigens originate from altered endogenous material due to episodes of cellular stress that disrupt epigenetic control. This suggests that epigenetics and the X chromosome are important aspects of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley H Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Research Unit INSERM ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScinBios, Labex Igo "Immunotherapy Graft, Oncology", Réseau Épigénétique et Réseau Canaux Ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany Brest, France ; Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Hôpital Morvan Brest, France
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32
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Oksayan S, Nikolic J, David CT, Blondel D, Jans DA, Moseley GW. Identification of a role for nucleolin in rabies virus infection. J Virol 2015; 89:1939-43. [PMID: 25428867 PMCID: PMC4300734 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03320-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus replicates in the cytoplasm of host cells, but rabies virus phosphoprotein (P-protein) undergoes active nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Here we show that the largely nuclear P-protein isoform P3 can localize to nucleoli and forms specific interactions with nucleolin. Importantly, depletion of nucleolin expression inhibits viral protein expression and infectious virus production by infected cells. This provides the first evidence that lyssaviruses interact with nucleolin and that nucleolin is important to lyssavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oksayan
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Nuclear Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - J Nikolic
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C T David
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Blondel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D A Jans
- Nuclear Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - G W Moseley
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Dichamp I, Séité P, Agius G, Barbarin A, Beby-Defaux A. Human papillomavirus 16 oncoprotein E7 stimulates UBF1-mediated rDNA gene transcription, inhibiting a p53-independent activity of p14ARF. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96136. [PMID: 24798431 PMCID: PMC4010441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus oncoproteins E6 and E7 play a major role in HPV-related cancers. One of the main functions of E7 is the degradation of pRb, while E6 promotes the degradation of p53, inactivating the p14ARF-p53 pathway. pRb and p14ARF can repress ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription in part by targeting the Upstream Binding Factor 1 (UBF1), a key factor in the activation of RNA polymerase I machinery. We showed, through ectopic expression and siRNA silencing of p14ARF and/or E7, that E7 stimulates UBF1-mediated rDNA gene transcription, partly because of increased levels of phosphorylated UBF1, preventing the inhibitory function of p14ARF. Unexpectedly, activation of rDNA gene transcription was higher in cells co-expressing p14ARF and E7, compared to cells expressing E7 alone. We did not find a difference in P-UBF1 levels that could explain this data. However, p14ARF expression induced E7 to accumulate into the nucleolus, where rDNA transcription takes place, providing an opportunity for E7 to interact with nucleolar proteins involved in this process. GST-pull down and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed interactions between p14ARF, UBF1 and E7, although p14ARF and E7 are not able to directly interact. Co-expression of a pRb-binding-deficient mutant (E7C24G) and p14ARF resulted in EC24G nucleolar accumulation, but not in a significant higher activation of rDNA transcription, suggesting that the inactivation of pRb is involved in this phenomenon. Thus, p14ARF fails to prevent E7-mediated UBF1 phosphorylation, but could facilitate nucleolar pRb inactivation by targeting E7 to the nucleolus. While others have reported that p19ARF, the mouse homologue of p14ARF, inhibits some functions of E7, we showed that E7 inhibits a p53-independent function of p14ARF. These results point to a mutually functional interaction between p14ARF and E7 that might partly explain why the sustained p14ARF expression observed in most cervical pre-malignant lesions and malignancies may be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Dichamp
- Unité de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
| | - Paule Séité
- Equipe Emergente 2RCT «Récepteurs, Régulations, Cellules Tumorales», Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gérard Agius
- Unité de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
| | - Alice Barbarin
- Equipe Emergente 2RCT «Récepteurs, Régulations, Cellules Tumorales», Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Agnès Beby-Defaux
- Unité de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
- Equipe Emergente 2RCT «Récepteurs, Régulations, Cellules Tumorales», Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
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34
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The nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 targets Newcastle disease virus matrix protein to the nucleoli and facilitates viral replication. Virology 2014; 452-453:212-22. [PMID: 24606698 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cellular nucleolar proteins are reported to facilitate the replication cycles of some human and animal viruses by interaction with viral proteins. In this study, a nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 was identified to interact with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) matrix (M) protein. We found that NDV M protein accumulated in the nucleolus by binding B23 early in infection, but resulted in the redistribution of B23 from the nucleoli to the nucleoplasm later in infection. In vitro binding studies utilizing deletion mutants indicated that amino acids 30-60 of M and amino acids 188-245 of B23 were required for binding. Furthermore, knockdown of B23 by siRNA or overexpression of B23 or M-binding B23-derived polypeptides remarkably reduced cytopathic effect and inhibited NDV replication. Collectively, we show that B23 facilitates NDV replication by targeting M to the nucleolus, demonstrating for the first time a direct role for nucleolar protein B23 in a paramyxovirus replication process.
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35
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Shaw J, Love AJ, Makarova SS, Kalinina NO, Harrison BD, Taliansky ME. Coilin, the signature protein of Cajal bodies, differentially modulates the interactions of plants with viruses in widely different taxa. Nucleus 2014; 5:85-94. [PMID: 24637832 PMCID: PMC4028359 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.28315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cajal bodies (CBs) are distinct nuclear bodies physically and functionally associated with the nucleolus. In addition to their traditional function in coordinating maturation of certain nuclear RNAs, CBs participate in cell cycle regulation, development, and regulation of stress responses. A key "signature" component of CBs is coilin, the scaffolding protein essential for CB formation and function. Using an RNA silencing (loss-of-function) approach, we describe here new phenomena whereby coilin also affects, directly or indirectly, a variety of interactions between host plants and viruses that have RNA or DNA genomes. Moreover, the effects of coilin on these interactions are manifested differently: coilin contributes to plant defense against tobacco rattle virus (tobravirus), tomato black ring virus (nepovirus), barley stripe mosaic virus (hordeivirus), and tomato golden mosaic virus (begomovirus). In contrast, with potato virus Y (potyvirus) and turnip vein clearing virus (tobamovirus), coilin serves to increase virus pathogenicity. These findings show that interactions with coilin (or CBs) may involve diverse mechanisms with different viruses and that these mechanisms act at different phases of virus infection. Thus, coilin (CBs) has novel, unexpected natural functions that may be recruited or subverted by plant viruses for their own needs or, in contrast, are involved in plant defense mechanisms that suppress host susceptibility to the viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shaw
- Cell and Molecular Sciences; The James Hutton Institute; Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew J Love
- Cell and Molecular Sciences; The James Hutton Institute; Dundee, UK
| | - Svetlana S Makarova
- AN Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia O Kalinina
- AN Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia
| | - Bryan D Harrison
- Cell and Molecular Sciences; The James Hutton Institute; Dundee, UK
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36
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Salvetti A, Greco A. Viruses and the nucleolus: the fatal attraction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:840-7. [PMID: 24378568 PMCID: PMC7135015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are small obligatory parasites and as a consequence, they have developed sophisticated strategies to exploit the host cell's functions to create an environment that favors their own replication. A common feature of most – if not all – families of human and non-human viruses concerns their interaction with the nucleolus. The nucleolus is a multifunctional nuclear domain, which, in addition to its well-known role in ribosome biogenesis, plays several crucial other functions. Viral infection induces important nucleolar alterations. Indeed, during viral infection numerous viral components localize in nucleoli, while various host nucleolar proteins are redistributed in other cell compartments or are modified, and non-nucleolar cellular proteins reach the nucleolus. This review highlights the interactions reported between the nucleolus and some human or animal viral families able to establish a latent or productive infection, selected on the basis of their known interactions with the nucleolus and the nucleolar activities, and their links with virus replication and/or pathogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Role of the Nucleolus in Human Disease. Most viruses interact with the nucleolus that plays a major role in virus life cycle. Virus/nucleolus interaction is crucial for virus replication and pathogenesis. Role of nucleoli in the infection with selected RNA viruses and herpes viruses
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salvetti
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69365 Lyon CEDEX, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Anna Greco
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69365 Lyon CEDEX, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France.
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37
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Su H, Kodiha M, Lee S, Stochaj U. Identification of novel markers that demarcate the nucleolus during severe stress and chemotherapeutic treatment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80237. [PMID: 24223222 PMCID: PMC3819286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus, the ribosomal factory of the cell, has emerged as a key player that regulates many aspects of cell biology. Several thousand proteins associate at least transiently with nucleoli, thereby generating a highly dynamic compartment with a protein profile which is sensitive to changes in cell physiology and pharmacological agents. Powerful tools that reliably demarcate the nucleoli are a prerequisite to measure their composition and activities. Previously, we developed quantitative methods to measure fluorescently labeled molecules in nucleoli. While these tools identify nucleoli under control and mild stress conditions, the accurate detection of nucleolar boundaries under harsh experimental conditions is complicated by the lack of appropriate markers for the nucleolar compartment. Using fluorescence microscopy we have now identified new marker proteins to detect nucleoli upon (a) severe stress and (b) drug treatments that trigger a pronounced reorganization of nucleoli. Our results demonstrate that nucleolin is an ideal marker to delimit nucleoli when cells are exposed to heat or oxidative stress. Furthermore, we show for the first time that cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS) and human antigen R protein (HuR) are excluded from nucleoli and can be employed to delimit these compartments under severe conditions that redistribute major nucleolar proteins. As proof-of-principle, we used these markers to demarcate nucleoli in cells treated with pharmacological compounds that disrupt the nucleolar organization. Furthermore, to gain new insights into the biology of the nucleolus, we applied our protocols and quantified stress- and drug-induced changes in nucleolar organization and function. Finally, we show that CAS, HuR and nucleolin not only identify nucleoli in optical sections, but are also suitable to demarcate the nucleolar border following 3D reconstruction. Taken together, our studies present novel marker proteins that delimit nucleoli with high confidence under a variety of experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitong Su
- McGill University, Department of Physiology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Kodiha
- McGill University, Department of Physiology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- McGill University, Department of Physiology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- McGill University, Department of Physiology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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38
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Mendes M, Pérez-Hernandez D, Vázquez J, Coelho AV, Cunha C. Proteomic changes in HEK-293 cells induced by hepatitis delta virus replication. J Proteomics 2013; 89:24-38. [PMID: 23770296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection greatly increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus chronically infected patients. HDV is highly dependent on host factors for accomplishment of the replication cycle. However, these factors are largely unknown and the mechanisms involved in the pathogenicity of the virus still remain elusive. Here, we made use of the HEK-293 cell line, which was engineered in order to mimic HDV replication. Five different proteomes were analyzed and compared using a MS-based quantitative proteomics approach by (18)O/(16)O stable isotope labeling. About 3000 proteins were quantified and 89 found to be differentially expressed as a consequence HDV RNA replication. The down-regulation of p53 , HSPE, and ELAV as well as the up-regulation of Transportin 1 , EIF3D, and Cofilin 1 were validated by Western blot. A systems biology approach was additionally used to analyze altered pathways and networks. The G2/M DNA damage checkpoint and pyruvate metabolism were among the most affected pathways, and Cancer was the most likely disease associated to HDV replication. Western blot analysis allowed identifying 14-3-3 σ interactor as down-regulated protein acting in the G2/M cell cycle control checkpoint. This evidence supports deregulation of G2/M checkpoint as a possible mechanism involved in the promotion of HDV associated hepatocellular carcinoma. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript provides a description of changes observed in the cellular proteome that arise as result of expression of the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) antigen as well as virus genome replication. Using a systems biology approach cancer was found to be the most probable disease associated with HDV replication. Additionally, results show that HDV alters the regulation of G2/M cell cycle control checkpoint. Taken together, our data provide new insights into probable mechanisms associated with the increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma observed in HDV infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mendes
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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39
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Kapoor NR, Ahuja R, Shukla SK, Kumar V. The HBx protein of hepatitis B virus confers resistance against nucleolar stress and anti-cancer drug-induced p53 expression. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1287-92. [PMID: 23507139 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is a stress sensor associated with cell cycle progression and a viral target. However, the role of the nucleolus during hepatitis B virus infection has not been studied. Here we show that under nucleolar stress, the HBx oncoprotein down-regulates p53 and p21(waf1) levels by disrupting the interaction between ribosomal protein L11 and MDM2. Further, HBx inhibited Act D-mediated down-regulation of proliferative factors such as c-Myc and cyclin E and revived RNA pol I-dependent transcription under these conditions. Importantly, HBx also countered the action of anticancer drug Paclitaxel suggesting its possible role in drug resistance. Thus, HBx not only can facilitate cell proliferation under stress conditions but can confer resistance against anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Rohit Kapoor
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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40
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Lin MH, Sivakumaran H, Apolloni A, Wei T, Jans DA, Harrich D. Nullbasic, a potent anti-HIV tat mutant, induces CRM1-dependent disruption of HIV rev trafficking. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51466. [PMID: 23251541 PMCID: PMC3519632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nullbasic, a mutant of the HIV-1 Tat protein, has anti-HIV-1 activity through mechanisms that include inhibition of Rev function and redistribution of the HIV-1 Rev protein from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Here we investigate the mechanism of this effect for the first time, establishing that redistribution of Rev by Nullbasic is not due to direct interaction between the two proteins. Rather, Nullbasic affects subcellular localization of cellular proteins that regulate Rev trafficking. In particular, Nullbasic induced redistribution of exportin 1 (CRM1), nucleophosmin (B23) and nucleolin (C23) from the nucleolus to the nucleus when Rev was coexpressed, but never in its absence. Inhibition of the Rev:CRM1 interaction by leptomycin B or a non-interacting RevM10 mutant completely blocked redistribution of Rev by Nullbasic. Finally, Nullbasic did not inhibit importin β- or transportin 1-mediated nuclear import, suggesting that cytoplasmic accumulation of Rev was due to increased export by CRM1. Overall, our data support the conclusion that CRM1-dependent subcellular redistribution of Rev from the nucleolus by Nullbasic is not through general perturbation of either nuclear import or export. Rather, Nullbasic appears to interact with and disrupt specific components of a Rev trafficking complex required for its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and, in particular, its nucleolar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsuan Lin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Haran Sivakumaran
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ann Apolloni
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ting Wei
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A. Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Harrich
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
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41
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Jarboui MA, Bidoia C, Woods E, Roe B, Wynne K, Elia G, Hall WW, Gautier VW. Nucleolar protein trafficking in response to HIV-1 Tat: rewiring the nucleolus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48702. [PMID: 23166591 PMCID: PMC3499507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The trans-activator Tat protein is a viral regulatory protein essential for HIV-1 replication. Tat trafficks to the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus. The nucleolus, a highly dynamic and structured membrane-less sub-nuclear compartment, is the site of rRNA and ribosome biogenesis and is involved in numerous cellular functions including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control and viral infection. Importantly, transient nucleolar trafficking of both Tat and HIV-1 viral transcripts are critical in HIV-1 replication, however, the role(s) of the nucleolus in HIV-1 replication remains unclear. To better understand how the interaction of Tat with the nucleolar machinery contributes to HIV-1 pathogenesis, we investigated the quantitative changes in the composition of the nucleolar proteome of Jurkat T-cells stably expressing HIV-1 Tat fused to a TAP tag. Using an organellar proteomic approach based on mass spectrometry, coupled with Stable Isotope Labelling in Cell culture (SILAC), we quantified 520 proteins, including 49 proteins showing significant changes in abundance in Jurkat T-cell nucleolus upon Tat expression. Numerous proteins exhibiting a fold change were well characterised Tat interactors and/or known to be critical for HIV-1 replication. This suggests that the spatial control and subcellular compartimentaliation of these cellular cofactors by Tat provide an additional layer of control for regulating cellular machinery involved in HIV-1 pathogenesis. Pathway analysis and network reconstruction revealed that Tat expression specifically resulted in the nucleolar enrichment of proteins collectively participating in ribosomal biogenesis, protein homeostasis, metabolic pathways including glycolytic, pentose phosphate, nucleotides and amino acids biosynthetic pathways, stress response, T-cell signaling pathways and genome integrity. We present here the first differential profiling of the nucleolar proteome of T-cells expressing HIV-1 Tat. We discuss how these proteins collectively participate in interconnected networks converging to adapt the nucleolus dynamic activities, which favor host biosynthetic activities and may contribute to create a cellular environment supporting robust HIV-1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Jarboui
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carlo Bidoia
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Woods
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barbara Roe
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Mass Spectrometry Resource (MSR), Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuliano Elia
- Mass Spectrometry Resource (MSR), Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - William W. Hall
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Virginie W. Gautier
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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42
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Zhang D, Li J, Zhang M, Gao G, Zuo Z, Yu Y, Zhu L, Gao J, Huang C. The requirement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 in regulation of hypoxia-inducing factor-1α mRNA stability. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34361-71. [PMID: 22910906 PMCID: PMC3464542 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.365882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mRNA of hif-1α is considered as being constitutively and ubiquitously expressed, regardless of the level of oxygen tension. However many recent reports have showed that hif-1α mRNA could be regulated by natural antisense transcripts, potential microRNAs, and low O(2). In this study, it was found that a deficiency of JNK2 expression reduced HIF-1α protein induction in response to nickel treatment resulting from the impaired expression of hif-1α mRNA. Both the promoter luciferase assay and mRNA degradation assay clearly showed that depletion of JNK2 affected stability of hif-1α mRNA, rather than regulated its transcription. In addition, nucleolin, a classic histone chaperone, was demonstrated to physically bind to hif-1α mRNA and maintain its stability. Further investigation indicated that JNK2 regulated nucleolin expression and might in turn stabilize hif-1α mRNA. Collectively, we provided one more piece of evidence for the oncogenic role of JNK2 and nucleolin in regulating the cancer microenvironments by controlling HIF-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Jingxia Li
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Min Zhang
- the Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Yonghui Yu
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Linda Zhu
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Jimin Gao
- the Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
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43
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Herranz MC, Pallas V, Aparicio F. Multifunctional roles for the N-terminal basic motif of Alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein: nucleolar/cytoplasmic shuttling, modulation of RNA-binding activity, and virion formation. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:1093-103. [PMID: 22746826 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-12-0079-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In addition to virion formation, the coat protein (CP) of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is involved in the regulation of replication and translation of viral RNAs, and in cell-to-cell and systemic movement of the virus. An intriguing feature of the AMV CP is its nuclear and nucleolar accumulation. Here, we identify an N-terminal lysine-rich nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) in the AMV CP required to both enter the nucleus and accumulate in the nucleolus of infected cells, and a C-terminal leucine-rich domain which might function as a nuclear export signal. Moreover, we demonstrate that AMV CP interacts with importin-α, a component of the classical nuclear import pathway. A mutant AMV RNA 3 unable to target the nucleolus exhibited reduced plus-strand RNA synthesis and cell-to-cell spread. Moreover, virion formation and systemic movement were completely abolished in plants infected with this mutant. In vitro analysis demonstrated that specific lysine residues within the NoLS are also involved in modulating CP-RNA binding and CP dimerization, suggesting that the NoLS represents a multifunctional domain within the AMV CP. The observation that nuclear and nucleolar import signals mask RNA-binding properties of AMV CP, essential for viral replication and translation, supports a model in which viral expression is carefully modulated by a cytoplasmic/nuclear balance of CP accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Carmen Herranz
- Department of Molecular and Evolutionary Plant Virology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Valencia, Spain
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44
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Terrier O, Moules V, Carron C, Cartet G, Frobert E, Yver M, Traversier A, Wolff T, Riteau B, Naffakh N, Lina B, Diaz JJ, Rosa-Calatrava M. The influenza fingerprints: NS1 and M1 proteins contribute to specific host cell ultrastructure signatures upon infection by different influenza A viruses. Virology 2012; 432:204-18. [PMID: 22770924 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A are nuclear replicating viruses which hijack host machineries in order to achieve optimal infection. Numerous functional virus-host interactions have now been characterized, but little information has been gathered concerning their link to the virally induced remodeling of the host cellular architecture. In this study, we infected cells with several human and avian influenza viruses and we have analyzed their ultrastructural modifications by using electron and confocal microscopy. We discovered that infections lead to a major and systematic disruption of nucleoli and the formation of a large number of diverse viral structures showing specificity that depended on the subtype origin and genomic composition of viruses. We identified NS1 and M1 proteins as the main actors in the remodeling of the host ultra-structure and our results suggest that each influenza A virus strain could be associated with a specific cellular fingerprint, possibly correlated to the functional properties of their viral components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Terrier
- Equipe VirCell, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, VirPath EMR 4610, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, rue Guillaume Paradin, F-69008 Lyon, France
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45
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Feldman D, Roniger M, Bar-Sinai A, Braitbard O, Natan C, Love DC, Hanover JA, Hochman J. The signal peptide of mouse mammary tumor virus-env: a phosphoprotein tumor modulator. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1077-86. [PMID: 22740636 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is associated primarily with mammary carcinomas and lymphomas. The signal peptide of the MMTV envelope precursor is uniquely targeted to nucleoli of cells that harbor the virus, where it can function as a nuclear export factor for intron-containing transcripts. Antibodies to this signal peptide, which we refer to as p14, were previously shown to label nucleoli in a subset of human breast cancers. To look for additional cellular functions of p14, different mutants were ectopically expressed in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. This approach identified motifs responsible for its nucleolar targeting, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, target protein (B23, nucleophosmin) binding, and phosphorylation at serine 18 and 65 both in situ and in vitro. To test the role of these phosphorylation sites, we carried out in vivo tumorigenesis studies in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The findings show that the p14-Ser65Ala mutation is associated with impaired tumorigenicity, whereas the p14-Ser18Ala mutation is associated with enhanced tumorigenicity. Microarray analysis suggests that phosphorylation at serine 18 or at serine 65 is associated with transcriptional regulation of the L5 nucleolar ribosomal protein (a p14 target) and the Erb-B signal transduction pathway. Taken together, these results show that the phosphorylation status of p14 determines whether it functions as a pro-oncogenic or antioncogenic modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Feldman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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46
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Jiang M, Imperiale MJ. Design stars: how small DNA viruses remodel the host nucleus. Future Virol 2012; 7:445-459. [PMID: 22754587 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous host components are encountered by viruses during the infection process. While some of these host structures are left unchanged, others may go through dramatic remodeling processes. In this review, we summarize these host changes that occur during small DNA virus infections, with a focus on host nuclear components and pathways. Although these viruses differ significantly in their genome structures and infectious pathways, there are common nuclear targets that are altered by various viral factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that these nuclear remodeling processes are often essential for productive viral infections and/or viral-induced transformation. Understanding the complex interactions between viruses and these host structures and pathways will help to build a more integrated network of how the virus completes its life cycle and point toward the design of novel therapeutic regimens that either prevent harmful viral infections or employ viruses as nontraditional treatment options or molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Jiang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, & Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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47
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Semashko MA, Rakitina DV, González I, Canto T, Kalinina NO, Taliansky ME. Movement protein of hordeivirus interacts in vitro and in vivo with coilin, a major structural protein of Cajal bodies. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012; 442:57-60. [PMID: 22419098 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672912010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Semashko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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48
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Golomb L, Bublik DR, Wilder S, Nevo R, Kiss V, Grabusic K, Oren M. Importin 7 and exportin 1 link c-Myc and p53 to regulation of ribosomal biogenesis. Mol Cell 2012; 45:222-32. [PMID: 22284678 PMCID: PMC3270374 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of the β-karyopherin family mediate nuclear import of ribosomal proteins and export of ribosomal subunits, both required for ribosome biogenesis. We report that transcription of the β-karyopherin genes importin 7 (IPO7) and exportin 1 (XPO1), and several additional nuclear import receptors, is regulated positively by c-Myc and negatively by p53. Partial IPO7 depletion triggers p53 activation and p53-dependent growth arrest. Activation of p53 by IPO7 knockdown has distinct features of ribosomal biogenesis stress, with increased binding of Mdm2 to ribosomal proteins L5 and L11 (RPL5 and RPL11). Furthermore, p53 activation is dependent on RPL5 and RPL11. Of note, IPO7 and XPO1 are frequently overexpressed in cancer. Altogether, we propose that c-Myc and p53 counter each other in the regulation of elements within the nuclear transport machinery, thereby exerting opposing effects on the rate of ribosome biogenesis. Perturbation of this balance may play a significant role in promoting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Golomb
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Debora Rosa Bublik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sylvia Wilder
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Vladimir Kiss
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kristina Grabusic
- Department of Molecular medicine and Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, School of Medicine, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Solovyev AG, Kalinina NO, Morozov SY. Recent advances in research of plant virus movement mediated by triple gene block. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:276. [PMID: 23248633 PMCID: PMC3520053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this short review was to summarize recent advances in the field of viral cell-to-cell movement mediated by the triple gene block (TGB). The growing body of new research has uncovered links between virus cell-to-cell trafficking and replication, silencing suppression, virus spread over the plant, as well as suggested the roles of nucleus/nucleolus in plant virus transport and revealed protein-membrane associations occurring during subcellular targeting and cell-to-cell movement. In this context, our review briefly summarized current views on several potentially important functions of TGB proteins and on the development of new experimental systems that improved understanding of the molecular events during TGB-mediated virus movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G. Solovyev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Natalia O. Kalinina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y. Morozov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Sergey Y. Morozov, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia. e-mail:
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Jarboui MA, Wynne K, Elia G, Hall WW, Gautier VW. Proteomic profiling of the human T-cell nucleolus. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:441-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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