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Monji A, Zhang Y, Kumar GN, Guillermier C, Kim S, Olenchock B, Steinhauser ML. A Cycle of Inflammatory Adipocyte Death and Regeneration in Murine Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2022; 71:412-423. [PMID: 35040481 PMCID: PMC8893943 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expands by a combination of two fundamental cellular mechanisms: hypertrophic growth of existing adipocytes or through generation of new adipocytes, also known as hyperplastic growth. Multiple lines of evidence suggest a limited capacity for hyperplastic growth of AT in adulthood and that adipocyte number is relatively stable, even with fluctuations in AT mass. If the adipocyte number is stable in adulthood, despite well-documented birth and death of adipocytes, then this would suggest that birth may be coupled to death in a regenerative cycle. To test this hypothesis, we examined the dynamics of birth of new fat cells in relationship to adipocyte death by using high-fidelity stable isotope tracer methods in C57Bl6 mice. We discovered birth of new adipocytes at higher frequency in histological proximity to dead adipocytes. In diet-induced obesity, adipogenesis surged after an adipocyte death peak beyond 8 weeks of high-fat feeding. Through transcriptional analyses of AT and fractionated adipocytes, we found that the dominant cell death signals were inflammasome related. Proinflammatory signals were particularly evident in hypertrophied adipocytes or with deletion of a constitutive oxygen sensor and inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor, Egln1. We leveraged the potential role for the inflammasome in adipocyte death to test the adipocyte death-birth hypothesis, finding that caspase 1 loss of function attenuated adipocyte death and birth in murine visceral AT. These data collectively point to a regenerative cycle of adipocyte death and birth as a driver of adipogenesis in adult murine AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Monji
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - G.V. Naveen Kumar
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christelle Guillermier
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Soomin Kim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin Olenchock
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew L. Steinhauser
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Corresponding author: Matthew L. Steinhauser,
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2
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El Khoudary SR, Fabio A, Yester JW, Steinhauser ML, Christopher AB, Gyngard F, Adams PS, Morell VO, Viegas M, Da Silva JP, Da Silva LF, Castro-Medina M, McCormick A, Reyes-Múgica M, Barlas M, Liu H, Thomas D, Ammanamanchi N, Sada R, Cuda M, Hartigan E, Groscost DK, Kühn B. Design and rationale of a clinical trial to increase cardiomyocyte division in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Cardiol 2021; 339:36-42. [PMID: 34265312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis (ToF/PS), the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD), develop adverse right ventricular (RV) remodeling, leading to late heart failure and arrhythmia. We recently demonstrated that overactive β-adrenergic receptor signaling inhibits cardiomyocyte division in ToF/PS infants, providing a conceptual basis for the hypothesis that treatment with the β-adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol, early in life would increase cardiomyocyte division. No data are available in ToF/PS infants on the efficacy of propranolol as a possible novel therapeutic option to increase cardiomyocyte division and potentially reduce adverse RV remodeling. METHODS Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we will evaluate the effect of propranolol administration on reactivating cardiomyocyte proliferation to prevent adverse RV remodeling in 40 infants with ToF/PS. Propranolol administration (1 mg/kg po QID) will begin at 1 month of age and last until surgical repair. The primary endpoint is cardiomyocyte division, quantified after 15N-thymidine administration with Multi-isotope Imaging Mass Spectrometry (MIMS) analysis of resected myocardial specimens. The secondary endpoints are changes in RV myocardial and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSION This trial will be the first study in humans to assess whether cardiomyocyte proliferation can be pharmacologically increased. If successful, the results could introduce a paradigm shift in the management of patients with ToF/PS from a purely surgical approach, to synergistic medical and surgical management. It will provide the basis for future multi-center randomized controlled trials of propranolol administration in infants with ToF/PS and other types of CHD with RV hypertension. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04713657).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R El Khoudary
- Epidemiology Data Center, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Anthony Fabio
- Epidemiology Data Center, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jessie W Yester
- Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 1, 5th Floor, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, UPMC Presbyterian, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Adam B Christopher
- Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Frank Gyngard
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne St, Rm 535, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Phillip S Adams
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Victor O Morell
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Melita Viegas
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jose P Da Silva
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Luciana F Da Silva
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Mario Castro-Medina
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Andrew McCormick
- Vascular Anomaly Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Michelle Barlas
- Investigational Drug Service, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Honghai Liu
- Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Dawn Thomas
- Clinical Research Support Services (CRSS), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Niyatie Ammanamanchi
- Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Rachel Sada
- Clinical Research Support Services (CRSS), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Megan Cuda
- Clinical Research Support Services (CRSS), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hartigan
- Clinical Research Support Services (CRSS), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - David K Groscost
- Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Yester JW, Liu H, Gyngard F, Ammanamanchi N, Little KC, Thomas D, Sullivan MLG, Lal S, Steinhauser ML, Kühn B. Use of stable isotope-tagged thymidine and multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry (MIMS) for quantification of human cardiomyocyte division. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1995-2022. [PMID: 33627842 PMCID: PMC8221415 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of cellular proliferation in humans is important for understanding biology and responses to injury and disease. However, existing methods require administration of tracers that cannot be ethically administered in humans. We present a protocol for the direct quantification of cellular proliferation in human hearts. The protocol involves administration of non-radioactive, non-toxic stable isotope 15Nitrogen-enriched thymidine (15N-thymidine), which is incorporated into DNA during S-phase, in infants with tetralogy of Fallot, a common form of congenital heart disease. Infants with tetralogy of Fallot undergo surgical repair, which requires the removal of pieces of myocardium that would otherwise be discarded. This protocol allows for the quantification of cardiomyocyte proliferation in this discarded tissue. We quantitatively analyzed the incorporation of 15N-thymidine with multi-isotope imaging spectrometry (MIMS) at a sub-nuclear resolution, which we combined with correlative confocal microscopy to quantify formation of binucleated cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes with polyploid nuclei. The entire protocol spans 3-8 months, which is dependent on the timing of surgical repair, and 3-4.5 researcher days. This protocol could be adapted to study cellular proliferation in a variety of human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie W Yester
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Honghai Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank Gyngard
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Niyatie Ammanamanchi
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn C Little
- Clinical Research Support Services (CRSS), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Shadyside Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dawn Thomas
- Clinical Research Support Services (CRSS), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mara L G Sullivan
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sean Lal
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 1, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Gyngard F, Steinhauser ML. Biological explorations with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 2019; 34:1534-1545. [PMID: 34054180 PMCID: PMC8158666 DOI: 10.1039/c9ja00171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of biological processes at the single cell or subcellular level is critical in order to better understand heterogenous cell populations. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) enables multiplexed, quantitative imaging of the elemental composition of a sample surface at high resolution (< 50 nm). Through measurement of two different isotopic variants of any given element, NanoSIMS provides nanoscale isotope ratio measurements. When coupled with stable isotope tracer methods, the measurement of isotope ratios functionally illuminates biochemical pathways at suborganelle resolution. In this review, we describe the practical application of NanoSIMS to study biological processes in organisms ranging from microbes to humans, highlighting experimental applications that have provided insight that is largely unattainable by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gyngard
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals metallothionein heterogeneity during hESC differentiation to definitive endoderm. Stem Cell Res 2018; 28:48-55. [PMID: 29427839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells towards definitive endoderm (DE) is the critical first step for generating cells comprising organs such as the gut, liver, pancreas and lung. This in-vitro differentiation process generates a heterogeneous population with a proportion of cells failing to differentiate properly and maintaining expression of pluripotency factors such as Oct4. RNA sequencing of single cells collected at four time points during a 4-day DE differentiation identified high expression of metallothionein genes in the residual Oct4-positive cells that failed to differentiate to DE. Using X-ray fluorescence microscopy and multi-isotope mass spectrometry, we discovered that high intracellular zinc level corresponds with persistent Oct4 expression and failure to differentiate. This study improves our understanding of the cellular heterogeneity during in-vitro directed differentiation and provides a valuable resource to improve DE differentiation efficiency.
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Guillermier C, Poczatek JC, Taylor WR, Steinhauser ML. Quantitative imaging of deuterated metabolic tracers in biological tissues with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 422:42-50. [PMID: 29276427 PMCID: PMC5739342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the field of secondary ion mass spectrometry at nanometer scale (NanoSIMS), configuration of parallel detectors to routinely measure isotope ratios in sub-100 nm domains brings classical stable isotope tracer studies from the whole tissue level down to the suborganelle level. Over the past decade, the marriage of stable isotope tracers with NanoSIMS has been applied to a range of fundamental biological questions that were largely inaccessible by other means. Although multiplexed measurement of different stable isotope tracers is feasible, in practice there remains a gap in the current analytical capacity to efficiently measure stable isotopes commonly utilized in tracer studies. One such example is the measurement of deuterated tracers. The most obvious approach to measuring deuterium/hydrogen isotope ratios is at mass 2/1. However, the radius of the magnetic sector limits concomitant measurement of other masses critical to multiplexed exploration of biological samples. Here we determine the experimental parameters to measure deuterated tracers in biological samples using the C2H- polyatomic ion species (C2D-/C2H-) while operating the NanoSIMS at a reduced Mass Resolving Power of 14,000. Through control of the sputtering parameters, we demonstrate that there is an analytical window during which the C2D-/C2H- isotope ratio can be measured with sufficient precision for biological studies where the degree of D-labeling is typically well above natural abundance. We provide validation of this method by comparing the C2D measurement of D-water labeling in the murine small intestine relative to measurements of native D/H conducted in the same analytical fields. Additional proof-of-concept demonstrations include measurement of D-water, D-glucose, and D-thymidine in biological specimens. Therefore, this study provides a practical template for deuterium-based tracer studies in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Guillermier
- Center for NanoImaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J. Collin Poczatek
- Center for NanoImaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Walter R. Taylor
- Center for NanoImaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew L. Steinhauser
- Center for NanoImaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge MA
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Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has become an increasingly utilized tool in biologically relevant studies. Of these, high lateral resolution methodologies using the NanoSIMS 50/50L have been especially powerful within many biological fields over the past decade. Here, the authors provide a review of this technology, sample preparation and analysis considerations, examples of recent biological studies, data analyses, and current outlooks. Specifically, the authors offer an overview of SIMS and development of the NanoSIMS. The authors describe the major experimental factors that should be considered prior to NanoSIMS analysis and then provide information on best practices for data analysis and image generation, which includes an in-depth discussion of appropriate colormaps. Additionally, the authors provide an open-source method for data representation that allows simultaneous visualization of secondary electron and ion information within a single image. Finally, the authors present a perspective on the future of this technology and where they think it will have the greatest impact in near future.
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