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Nikam AN, Roy A, Raychaudhuri R, Navti PD, Soman S, Kulkarni S, Shirur KS, Pandey A, Mutalik S. Organogels: "GelVolution" in Topical Drug Delivery - Present and Beyond. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:489-518. [PMID: 38757691 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128279479231231092905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Topical drug delivery holds immense significance in dermatological treatments due to its non-invasive nature and direct application to the target site. Organogels, a promising class of topical drug delivery systems, have acquired substantial attention for enhancing drug delivery efficiency. This review article aims to explore the advantages of organogels, including enhanced drug solubility, controlled release, improved skin penetration, non-greasy formulations, and ease of application. The mechanism of organogel permeation into the skin is discussed, along with formulation strategies, which encompass the selection of gelling agents, cogelling agents, and additives while considering the influence of temperature and pH on gel formation. Various types of organogelators and organogels and their properties, such as viscoelasticity, non-birefringence, thermal stability, and optical clarity, are presented. Moreover, the biomedical applications of organogels in targeting skin cancer, anti-inflammatory drug delivery, and antifungal drug delivery are discussed. Characterization parameters, biocompatibility, safety considerations, and future directions in optimizing skin permeation, ensuring long-term stability, addressing regulatory challenges, and exploring potential combination therapies are thoroughly examined. Overall, this review highlights the immense potential of organogels in redefining topical drug delivery and their significant impact on the field of dermatological treatments, thus paving the way for exciting prospects in the domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Nitin Nikam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Amrita Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Ruchira Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Prerana D Navti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Soji Soman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sanjay Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Krishnaraj Somayaji Shirur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
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Bhavya P, Soundarajan K, Malecki JG, Mohan Das T. Sugar-Based Phase-Selective Supramolecular Self-Assembly System for Dye Removal and Selective Detection of Cu 2+ Ions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39310-39324. [PMID: 36340083 PMCID: PMC9631723 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Simple, effective, and eco-friendly sugar-based phase-selective gelators were synthesized at a low cost. They showed high gelling ability toward a wide range of solvents at lower concentrations (minimum gelation concentration ∼0.3%). Preliminary tests reveal that these low molecular weight organogelators can immediately and phase-selectively gel benzene, toluene, petrol, and kerosene in water at room temperature. We also identified G13 in toluene as the good gelator, and the corresponding organogel proficiently removes water-soluble dyes from their concentrated aqueous solutions. This efficient removal of toxic organic solvents and dyes from water suggests promising applications in removing organic substances from contaminated water resources. The thermoreversible gel exhibits effective rechargeability up to five cycles of burning and gelation, which imply the flame stability of the gel. Interestingly, these compounds had a high detection ability toward Cu2+ ions with a state change from gel to the solution. The physical justification for gelation mechanisms and the molecular interaction with metal ions were further confirmed by computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panichiyil
Valiyaveetil Bhavya
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur 610 005, India
| | - Kamalakannan Soundarajan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur 610 005, India
| | - Jan Grzegorz Malecki
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Ninth Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Thangamuthu Mohan Das
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur 610 005, India
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Mattsson I, Lahtinen M, Sitdikov R, Wank B, Saloranta-Simell T, Leino R. Phase-selective low molecular weight organogelators derived from allylated d-mannose. Carbohydr Res 2022; 518:108596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Nicotinamide-based supergelator self-assembling via asymmetric hydrogen bonding NH⋯OC and H⋯Br - pattern for reusable, moldable and self-healable nontoxic fuel gels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 603:182-190. [PMID: 34186397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Development of highly efficient low-molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) for safe energy storage materials is of great demand. Energy storage materials as fuel gels are often achieved by construction of hybrid organic frameworks capable of multiple noncovalent interactions in self-assembly, which allow tuning required properties at the molecular level by altering individual building blocks of the LMWG. However, LMWGs have limited rechargeable capability due to their chemical instability. EXPERIMENTS We designed, synthesized and characterized a novel, bio-inspired chiral gemini amphiphile derivative 1 containing N-hexadecyl aliphatic tails from quaternized nicotinamide-based segment and bromide anion showing supergelation ability in water, alcohols, aprotic polar and aromatic solvents, with critical gel concentrations as low as 0.1 and 0.035 wt% in isopropanol and water, respectively. FINDINGS Nanostructural architecture of the network depended on the solvent used and showed variations in size and shape of 1D nanofibers. Supergelation is attributed to a unique asymmetric NH⋯OC, H⋯Br- hydrogen bonding pattern between H-2 hydrogens from nicotinamide-based segment, amide functional groups from chiral trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamide-based segment and bromide ions, supporting the intermolecular amide-amide interactions appearing across one strand of the self-assembly. Gels formed from 1 exhibit high stiffness, self-healing, moldable and colorable properties. In addition, isopropanol gels of 1 are attractive as reusable, shape-persistent non-toxic fuels maintaining the chemical structure with gelation efficiency for at least five consecutive burning cycles.
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Morris J, Bietsch J, Bashaw K, Wang G. Recently Developed Carbohydrate Based Gelators and Their Applications. Gels 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 33652820 PMCID: PMC8006029 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate based low molecular weight gelators have been an intense subject of study over the past decade. The self-assembling systems built from natural products have high significance as biocompatible materials and renewable resources. The versatile structures available from naturally existing monosaccharides have enriched the molecular libraries that can be used for the construction of gelators. The bottom-up strategy in designing low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) for a variety of applications has been adopted by many researchers. Rational design, along with some serendipitous discoveries, has resulted in multiple classes of molecular gelators. This review covers the literature from 2017-2020 on monosaccharide based gelators, including common hexoses, pentoses, along with some disaccharides and their derivatives. The structure-based design and structure to gelation property relationships are reviewed first, followed by stimuli-responsive gelators. The last section focuses on the applications of the sugar based gelators, including their utilization in environmental remediation, ion sensing, catalysis, drug delivery and 3D-printing. We will also review the available LMWGs and their structure correlations to the desired properties for different applications. This review aims at elucidating the design principles and structural features that are pertinent to various applications and hope to provide certain guidelines for researchers that are working at the interface of chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (J.M.); (J.B.); (K.B.)
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Panja A, Raza R, Ghosh K. Cholesterol‐Coupled Diazine‐Phenol Gelator: Cyanide Sensing, Phase‐Selective Gelation in Oil Spill Recovery and Dye Adsorption. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Panja
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | - Rameez Raza
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
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Raza R, Panja A, Ghosh K. Diaminomaleonitrile-functionalized gelators in F−/CN− sensing, phase-selective gelation, oil spill recovery and dye removal from water. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01992e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diamiomaleonitrile-based gelators 1 and 2 were designed and synthesized. Toluene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene gels of 1 and 2, respectively sense F− and CN− anions. Both 1 and 2 show phase-selective gelation (PSG) with distinguishable feature. Toluene gel of 1 acts as injectable material and is applied in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Raza
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
| | - Atanu Panja
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
| | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
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Panja A, Ghosh S, Ghosh K. A sulfonyl hydrazone cholesterol conjugate: gelation, anion interaction and its application in dye adsorption. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05613g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol appended sulfonyl-hydrazone derivative 1 was designed and synthesized as a supramolecular gelator for anionic sensing and dye adsorption. Gelator 1 forms a strong gel in DMSO–H2O and the morphology of the xerogel shows a tiny rod-like fibrous network. The gel of 1 shows a selective response toward CN− and F− ions causing gel-to-sol transformation. The gel of 1 acts as an efficient matrix for adsorption and removal of anionic dyes such as erythrosine B and uranine from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Panja
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
| | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mitra
- Sweet Lab; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur; Nadia 741246 India
| | - Vikramjit Sarkar
- Sweet Lab; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur; Nadia 741246 India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Sweet Lab; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur; Nadia 741246 India
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