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Xie Z, Xu S, Li L, Gong S, Wu X, Xu D, Mao B, Zhou T, Chen M, Wang X, Shi W, Song S. Well-defined diatomic catalysis for photosynthesis of C 2H 4 from CO 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2422. [PMID: 38499562 PMCID: PMC10948895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to the specific electronic-redistribution and spatial proximity, diatomic catalysts (DACs) have been identified as principal interest for efficient photoconversion of CO2 into C2H4. However, the predominant bottom-up strategy for DACs synthesis has critically constrained the development of highly ordered DACs due to the random distribution of heteronuclear atoms, which hinders the optimization of catalytic performance and the exploration of actual reaction mechanism. Here, an up-bottom ion-cutting architecture is proposed to fabricate the well-defined DACs, and the superior spatial proximity of CuAu diatomics (DAs) decorated TiO2 (CuAu-DAs-TiO2) is successfully constructed due to the compact heteroatomic spacing (2-3 Å). Owing to the profoundly low C-C coupling energy barrier of CuAu-DAs-TiO2, a considerable C2H4 production with superior sustainability is achieved. Our discovery inspires a novel up-bottom strategy for the fabrication of well-defined DACs to motivate optimization of catalytic performance and distinct deduction of heteroatom synergistically catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkai Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Longhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shanhe Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Dongbo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Baodong Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Weidong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
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2
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Ten A, West CA, Jeong S, Hopper ER, Wang Y, Zhu B, Ramasse QM, Ye X, Ringe E. Bimetallic copper palladium nanorods: plasmonic properties and palladium content effects. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6524-6532. [PMID: 38024297 PMCID: PMC10662198 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00523b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cu is an inexpensive alternative plasmonic metal with optical behaviour comparable to Au but with much poorer environmental stability. Alloying with a more stable metal can improve stability and add functionality, with potential effects on the plasmonic properties. Here we investigate the plasmonic behaviour of Cu nanorods and Cu-CuPd nanorods containing up to 46 mass percent Pd. Monochromated scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy-loss spectroscopy first reveals the strong length dependence of multiple plasmonic modes in Cu nanorods, where the plasmon peaks redshift and narrow with increasing length. Next, we observe an increased damping (and increased linewidth) with increasing Pd content, accompanied by minimal frequency shift. These results are corroborated by and expanded upon with numerical simulations using the electron-driven discrete dipole approximation. This study indicates that adding Pd to nanostructures of Cu is a promising method to expand the scope of their plasmonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Ten
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK
| | - Claire A West
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK
| | - Soojin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Elizabeth R Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Baixu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JS UK
- SuperSTEM, SciTech Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus Keckwick Lane Daresbury WA4 4AD UK
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK
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3
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Alamoudi M, Katsiev K, Idriss H. Monitoring the Lifetime of Photoexcited Electrons in a Fresh and Bulk Reduced Rutile TiO 2 Single Crystal. Possible Anisotropic Propagation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9238-9244. [PMID: 37811922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Defects (oxygen vacancies and interstitial cations) in oxide semiconductors have recently been invoked as a key property behind increased photocatalytic reaction rates. In this work, we have monitored by transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) excited electrons in the conduction band decaying into the invoked traps to extract their lifetime using a rutile single crystal instead of the more conveniently used powder homologue. This is preferred in order to rule out grain boundary, degree of crystallinity, and size effects among other parameters that would obscure the results. It was found, in the energy region investigated (1.3-1.8 eV), that the lifetime of excited electrons is about four times shorter for the bulk defect crystal when compared to the fresh one. This indicates that the created defects (mostly oxygen defects and interstitial Ti cations) are unlikely to contribute to reaction rate enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alamoudi
- Surface Science and Advanced Characterization, SABIC-CRD at KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Katsiev
- Surface Science and Advanced Characterization, SABIC-CRD at KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Idriss
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AH London, U.K
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4
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Oliveira RD, Sant'Ana AC. Plasmonic photocatalytic degradation of tebuconazole and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by Ag nanoparticles-decorated TiO 2 tracked by SERS analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139490. [PMID: 37451641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical oxidation technologies have been notably used for the mineralization of organic pollutants from aqueous effluents, been especially relevant for the degradation of pesticides. In this context, both tebuconazole (TEB) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) pesticides were photodegraded by a combined catalyst of TiO2 and silver nanoparticles irradiated by UV-A light (λmax = 368 nm), and the experiments were tracked by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. For 2,4-D, the degradation of about 70% was observed after almost 200 min, while for TEB, a decrease of 80% of the initial concentration was observed after approximately 100 min. The SERS monitoring allowed the proposal of some by-products, such as oxidized aliphatic chain and triazole from TEB besides glycolic, glyoxylic and dihydroxyacetic acids from 2,4-D. Their toxicities were predicted through ECOSAR software, verifying that most of them were not harmful to populations of fish, Daphnia and green algae. Thus, the performed oxidative process was efficient in the photodecomposition of TEB and 2,4-D pesticides, inclusive in terms of the decreasing of the toxicity of contaminated effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Nanoestruturas Plasmônicas, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Sant'Ana
- Laboratório de Nanoestruturas Plasmônicas, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Majeed I, Arif A, Idrees A, Ullah H, Ali H, Mehmood A, Rashid A, Nadeem MA, Nadeem MA. Synergistic Effect of Pd Co-Catalyst and rGO–TiO2 Hybrid Support for Enhanced Photoreforming of Oxygenates. HYDROGEN 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrogen4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreforming biomass-derived waste such as glycerol into hydrogen fuel is a renewable hydrogen generation technology that has the potential to become important due to unavoidable CO2 production during methane steam reforming. Despite tremendous efforts, the challenge of developing highly active photocatalysts at a low cost still remains elusive. Here, we developed a novel photocatalyst with a hybrid support comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and TiO2 nanorods (TNR). rGO in the hybrid support not only performed as an excellent scavenger of electrons from the semiconductor conduction band due to its suitable electrochemical potential, but also acted as an electron transport highway to the metal co-catalyst, which otherwise is not possible by simply increasing metal loading due to the shadowing effect. A series of hybrid supports with different TNR and rGO ratios were prepared by the deposition method. Pd nanoparticles were deposited over hybrid support through the chemical reduction method. Pd/rGO-TNRs photocatalyst containing 4 wt.% rGO contents in the support and 1 wt.% nominal Pd loading demonstrated hydrogen production activity ~41 mmols h−1g−1, which is 4 and 40 times greater than benchmark Au/TiO2 and pristine P25. The findings of this works provide a new strategy in optimizing charge extraction from TiO2, which otherwise has remained impossible due to a fixed tradeoff between metal loading and the detrimental shadowing effect.
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Abstract
The conversion of solar to chemical energy is one of the central processes considered in the emerging renewable energy economy. Hydrogen production from water splitting over particulate semiconductor catalysts has often been proposed as a simple and a cost-effective method for large-scale production. In this review, we summarize the basic concepts of the overall water splitting (in the absence of sacrificial agents) using particulate photocatalysts, with a focus on their synthetic methods and the role of the so-called “co-catalysts”. Then, a focus is then given on improving light absorption in which the Z-scheme concept and the overall system efficiency are discussed. A section on reactor design and cost of the overall technology is given, where the possibility of the different technologies to be deployed at a commercial scale and the considerable challenges ahead are discussed. To date, the highest reported efficiency of any of these systems is at least one order of magnitude lower than that deserving consideration for practical applications.
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7
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Wahab AK, Nadeem MA, Idriss H. Hydrogen Production During Ethylene Glycol Photoreactions Over Ag-Pd/TiO 2 at Different Partial Pressures of Oxygen. Front Chem 2019; 7:780. [PMID: 31824920 PMCID: PMC6883913 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of ethylene glycol has been studied over Ag-Pd/TiO2 (anatase) under photo-irradiation while monitoring the reaction products (in the gas and liquid phases) as a function of time and at different partial pressures of molecular oxygen. The catalyst contained metal particles with a mean size of about 1 nm, most likely in the form of alloy (TEM, STEM, and XPS). The complex reaction network involves hydrogen abstraction, C-C bond dissociation, de-carbonylation and water gas shift ultimately yielding hydrogen and CO2. The two main competing reactions were found to be, photo reforming and photo-oxidation. Based on our previous study, Ag presence improves the reaction rate for hydrogen production, most likely via decreasing the adsorption energy of CO when compared to pure Pd. At high ethylene glycol concentrations, the rate of hydrogen produced decreased by a factor of two while changing O2 partial pressure from 0.001 to 0.2 atm. The rate was however very sensitive to oxygen partial pressures at low ethylene glycol concentrations, decreasing by about 50 times with increasing oxygen pressures to 1 atm. The order of reaction with respect to O2 changed from near zero at high oxygen partial pressure to ½ at low partial pressure (in 0.008-0.2 atm. range). Liquid phase analysis indicated that the main reaction product was formaldehyde, where its concentration was found to be higher than that of H2 and CO2. The mass balance approached near unity only upon the incorporation of formaldehyde and after a prolonged reaction time. This suggests that the photo-reforming reaction was not complete even at prolonged time, most likely due to kinetic limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khaja Wahab
- Hydrogen Platform, Catalysis Department, SABIC Corporate Research and Development (CRD), King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amtiaz Nadeem
- Hydrogen Platform, Catalysis Department, SABIC Corporate Research and Development (CRD), King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Idriss
- Hydrogen Platform, Catalysis Department, SABIC Corporate Research and Development (CRD), King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Morphology, Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Properties of TiO 2 Modified with Mono- and Bimetallic Copper, Platinum and Silver Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081129. [PMID: 31390754 PMCID: PMC6722503 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) enhanced TiO2 response and extended its activity under visible light. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 modified with noble metal nanoparticles strongly depends on the physicochemical properties of NMNPs. Among others, the differences in the size of NMNPs seems to be one of the most important factors. In this view, the effect of the metal’s nanoparticles size, type and amount on TiO2 photocatalytic and biocidal activity was investigated. TiO2 modified with mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles of Pt, Cu and Ag were prepared using chemical and thermal reduction methods. Obtained nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DR/UV-Vis) techniques. The photocatalytic activity was examined in 2-propanol oxidation and hydrogen generation processes. The mechanism of modified TiO2 excitation was evaluated in action spectrum measurements during phenol oxidation. A possibility of using less energy-consuming light sources as a set of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) selected based on action spectrum results was examined. It was found that the differences in NMNPs size were the result of the reduction method. Moreover, coupling with a second metal strongly affected and differentiated the photocatalytic and biocidal activity of the obtained TiO2-based photocatalysts.
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9
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Liao G, Fang J, Li Q, Li S, Xu Z, Fang B. Ag-Based nanocomposites: synthesis and applications in catalysis. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7062-7096. [PMID: 30931457 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ag-Based nanocomposites, including supported Ag nanocomposites and bimetallic Ag nanocomposites, have been intensively investigated as highly efficient catalysts because of their high activity and stability, easy preparation, low cost, and low toxicity. Herein, we systematically summarize and comprehensively evaluate versatile synthetic strategies for the preparation of Ag-based nanocomposites, and outline their recent advances in catalytic oxidation, catalytic reduction, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. In addition, the challenges and prospects related to Ag-based nanocomposites for various catalytic applications are also discussed. In light of the most recent advances in Ag-based nanocomposites for catalysis applications, this review provides a comprehensive assessment on the material selection, synthesis and catalytic characteristics of these catalysts, which offers a strategic guide to build a close connection between Ag nanocomposites and catalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Liao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Guangdong 523808, China.
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10
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Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: Role of Sacrificial Reagents on the Activity of Oxide, Carbon, and Sulfide Catalysts. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting is a sustainable technology for the production of clean fuel in terms of hydrogen (H2). In the present study, hydrogen (H2) production efficiency of three promising photocatalysts (titania (TiO2-P25), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and cadmium sulfide (CdS)) was evaluated in detail using various sacrificial agents. The effect of most commonly used sacrificial agents in the recent years, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, lactic acid, glucose, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfide/sodium sulfite mixture, and triethanolamine, were evaluated on TiO2-P25, g-C3N4, and CdS. H2 production experiments were carried out under simulated solar light irradiation in an immersion type photo-reactor. All the experiments were performed without any noble metal co-catalyst. Moreover, photolysis experiments were executed to study the H2 generation in the absence of a catalyst. The results were discussed specifically in terms of chemical reactions, pH of the reaction medium, hydroxyl groups, alpha hydrogen, and carbon chain length of sacrificial agents. The results revealed that glucose and glycerol are the most suitable sacrificial agents for an oxide photocatalyst. Triethanolamine is the ideal sacrificial agent for carbon and sulfide photocatalyst. A remarkable amount of H2 was produced from the photolysis of sodium sulfide and sodium sulfide/sodium sulfite mixture without any photocatalyst. The findings of this study would be highly beneficial for the selection of sacrificial agents for a particular photocatalyst.
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Majeed I, Manzoor U, Kanodarwala FK, Nadeem MA, Hussain E, Ali H, Badshah A, Stride JA, Nadeem MA. Pd–Ag decorated g-C3N4 as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under direct solar light irradiation. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02219k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pd–Ag bimetallic and monometallic nanoparticles were decorated on g-C3N4 and evaluated for their ability to produce H2 through water splitting reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Majeed
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Uzma Manzoor
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ejaz Hussain
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Hassan Ali
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Amin Badshah
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Arif Nadeem
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
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12
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Nadeem MA, Idriss H. Photo-thermal reactions of ethanol over Ag/TiO2 catalysts. The role of silver plasmon resonance in the reaction kinetics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5197-5200. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photo-thermal catalytic reactions of ethanol over Ag/TiO2 were conducted in order to probe into the role of plasmonic resonance response in the reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Nadeem
- Corporate Research & Development (CRD)
- Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) KAUST
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Idriss
- Corporate Research & Development (CRD)
- Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) KAUST
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry
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13
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Jiang ZY, Zhao ZY. Density functional theory study on the metal–support interaction between a Au9 cluster and an anatase TiO2(001) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22069-22077. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure and electronic structure of three different Au9 isomers loaded on anatase TiO2(001) surface were studied. The adsorption energy of Au9 2D configuration is larger than that of 3D configuration, owing to the stronger interactions with more adsorption sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-You Jiang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- P. R. China
| | - Zong-Yan Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- P. R. China
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