1
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Hoang VH, Trang NTK, Minh TC, Long LTB, Lan TH, Hue NT, Tien LQ, Nguyen TX, Nguyen YTK, Yoo H, Tran PT. Design, synthesis and evaluation the bioactivities of novel 1,3-dimethyl-6-amino-1H-indazole derivatives as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117377. [PMID: 37352576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is a heme-containing enzyme mainly responsible for the metabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine. To date, the IDO1 inhibitors have been developed intensively for the re-activation of the anticancer immune response. In this report, we designed, and synthesized novel 1,3-dimethyl-6-amino indazole derivatives as IDO1 inhibitors based on the structure of IDO1 active site. We further examined their anticancer activity on hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells (FaDu), squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (YD-15), breast cancer cells (MCF7), and human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSC). Of them, compound N-(4-bromobenzyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-indazol-6-amine (7) remarkably suppressed IDO1 expression in a concentration - dependent manner. In addition, 7 was the most potential anticancer compound with inducing apoptosis activity as well as selectively activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways on FaDu cells. Finally, compound 7 suppressed cell mobility in wound healing assay with the reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase MMP9. Taken together, we believe that 7 is the most promising compound, which may be applied to treatment of hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hai Hoang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam; PHENIKAA Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), PHENIKAA University, Yen Nghia, Hadong, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Kieu Trang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh City 06000, Viet Nam
| | - Truong Cao Minh
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Le Thien Bao Long
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Hoang Lan
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hue
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Le Quoc Tien
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Viet-Duc University Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Yen Thi Kim Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea.
| | - Phuong-Thao Tran
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
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2
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Puri S, Sawant S, Juvale K. A comprehensive review on the indazole based derivatives as targeted anticancer agents. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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3
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Puri S, Juvale K. Facile synthesis of new N1-alkylated 1H-indazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as potential anticancer agents: In vitro, ADMET prediction, and SAR studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Fallarini S, Bhela IP, Aprile S, Torre E, Ranza A, Orecchini E, Panfili E, Pallotta MT, Massarotti A, Serafini M, Pirali T. The [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine as a New Player in the Field of IDO1 Catalytic Holo-Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3439-3450. [PMID: 34355531 PMCID: PMC9291769 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) are considered a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy as they are able to boost the immune response and to work in synergy with other immunotherapeutic agents. Despite the fact that no IDO1 inhibitor has been approved so far, recent studies have shed light on the additional roles that IDO1 mediates beyond its catalytic activity, conferring new life to the field. Here we present a novel class of compounds originated from a structure-based virtual screening made on IDO1 active site. The starting hit compound is a novel chemotype based on a [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine scaffold, so far underexploited among the heme binding moieties. Thanks to the rational and in silico-guided design of analogues, an improvement of the potency to sub-micromolar levels has been achieved, with excellent in vitro metabolic stability and exquisite selectivity with respect to other heme-containing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fallarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Irene P. Bhela
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Enza Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Alice Ranza
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Elena Orecchini
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugia06132Italy
| | - Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugia06132Italy
| | - Maria T. Pallotta
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugia06132Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
| | - Marta Serafini
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
- Current address: Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte OrientaleLargo Donegani 228100NovaraItaly
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5
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Chauhan J, Maddi SR, Dubey KD, Sen S. Developing C2-Aroyl Indoles as Novel Inhibitors of IDO1 and Understanding Their Mechanism of Inhibition via Mass Spectroscopy, QM/MM Calculations and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Front Chem 2021; 9:691319. [PMID: 34336787 PMCID: PMC8319603 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and tryptophan dioxygenases are two heme based metalloenzymes that catalyze the tryptophan oxidation reaction by inserting molecular dioxygen to cleave the pyrrole ring. The mechanism of such ring cleavage reaction is of carcinogenic importance as the malignant tumors recruit this mechanism for immune invasion. In the presence study, we have synthesized a Novel C2 aroyl indoles inhibitor, 8d, which shows significant inhibition of 180 nM at IC50 scale. The binding and conformational changes that transpire after inhibitor binding were thoroughly studied by molecular docking and MD simulations. The subsequent QM/MM (Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical) calculations were used to proposed the mechanism of inhibition. The QM/MM calculations show that the reaction proceeds via multistep processes where the dioxygen insertion to the substrate 8a is the rate determining process. Theoretical mechanism is further supported by mass spectroscopy, and drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics study (DMPK) and metabolic stability of compound 8d was investigated in rat and human liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
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6
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Röhrig UF, Majjigapu SR, Reynaud A, Pojer F, Dilek N, Reichenbach P, Ascencao K, Irving M, Coukos G, Vogel P, Michielin O, Zoete V. Azole-Based Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2205-2227. [PMID: 33557523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays an essential role in immunity, neuronal function, and aging through catalysis of the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Many IDO1 inhibitors with different chemotypes have been developed, mainly targeted for use in anti-cancer immunotherapy. Lead optimization of direct heme iron-binding inhibitors has proven difficult due to the remarkable selectivity and sensitivity of the heme-ligand interactions. Here, we present experimental data for a set of closely related small azole compounds with more than 4 orders of magnitude differences in their inhibitory activities, ranging from millimolar to nanomolar levels. We investigate and rationalize their activities based on structural data, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory calculations. Our results not only expand the presently known four confirmed chemotypes of sub-micromolar heme binding IDO1 inhibitors by two additional scaffolds but also provide a model to predict the activities of novel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute F Röhrig
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Somi Reddy Majjigapu
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Reynaud
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nahzli Dilek
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reichenbach
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ascencao
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vogel
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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7
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Huang J, Fu Z. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Acetates and β-Silyl Enones: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Silyl δ-Lactones. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Hoang NX, Hoang VH, Luu TTT, Luu HN, Ngo T, Van Hieu D, Long NH, Anh LV, Ngo ST, Nguyen YTK, Han BW, Nguyen TX, Hai DTT, Hien TTT, Tran PT. Design, synthesis and bioevaluation of novel 6-substituted aminoindazole derivatives as anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:45199-45206. [PMID: 35516257 PMCID: PMC9058813 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a series of 6-substituted aminoindazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for bio-activities. The compounds were initially designed as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors based on the structural feature of five IDO1 inhibitors, which are currently on clinical trials, and the important anticancer activity of the indazole scaffold. One of them, compound N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-indazol-6-amine (36), exhibited a potent anti-proliferative activity with an IC50 value of 0.4 ± 0.3 μM in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116). This compound also remarkably suppressed the IDO1 protein expression. In the cell-cycle studies, the suppressive activity of compound 36 in HCT116 cells was related to the G2/M cell cycle arrest. Altogether, the current findings demonstrate that compound 36 would be promising for further development as a potential anticancer agent. In the present study, a series of 6-substituted aminoindazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for bio-activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Van-Hai Hoang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
| | - Thi-Thu-Trang Luu
- College of Pharmacy
- Natural Products Research Institute
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hung N. Luu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Thien Ngo
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Thai Binh City 410000
- Vietnam
| | | | | | - Le Viet Anh
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy
- Hanoi 100000
- Vietnam
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics
- Ton Duc Thang University
- Ho Chi Minh City 700000
- Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences
| | - Yen Thi Kim Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Han
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Surgical Oncology
- Viet-Duc University Hospital
- Hanoi 100000
- Vietnam
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9
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Panda S, Pradhan N, Chatterjee S, Morla S, Saha A, Roy A, Kumar S, Bhattacharyya A, Manna D. 4,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles: Effective Inhibition of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Enzyme Regulates T cell Activity and Mitigates Tumor Growth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18455. [PMID: 31804586 PMCID: PMC6895048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The improvement of body's own immune system is considered one of the safest approaches to fight against cancer and several other diseases. Excessive catabolism of the essential amino acid, L-tryptophan (L-Trp) assists the cancer cells to escape normal immune obliteration. The formation of disproportionate kynurenine and other downstream metabolites suppress the T cell functions. Blocking of this immunosuppressive mechanism is considered as a promising approach against cancer, neurological disorders, autoimmunity, and other immune-mediated diseases. Overexpression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme is directly related to the induction of immunosuppressive mechanisms and represents an important therapeutic target. Several classes of small molecule-based IDO1 inhibitors have been already reported, but only few compounds are currently being evaluated in various stages of clinical trials as adjuvants or in combination with chemo- and radiotherapies. In the quest for novel structural class(s) of IDO1 inhibitors, we developed a series of 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The optimization of 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole scaffold and comprehensive biochemical and biophysical studies led to the identification of compounds, 3i, 4i, and 4k as potent and selective inhibitors of IDO1 enzyme with IC50 values at a low nanomolar level. These potent compounds also showed strong IDO1 inhibitory activities in MDA-MB-231 cells with no/negligible level of cytotoxicity. The T cell activity studies revealed that controlled regulation of IDO1 enzyme activity in the presence of these potent compounds could induce immune response against breast cancer cells. The compounds also showed excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy (of tumor growth inhibition = 79-96%) in the female Swiss albino mice. As a consequence, this study describes the first example of 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole based IDO1 inhibitors with potential applications for immunotherapeutic studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Enzyme Assays
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Kynurenine/immunology
- Kynurenine/metabolism
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/immunology
- Mice
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Primary Cell Culture
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Triazoles/chemistry
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Tryptophan/immunology
- Tryptophan/metabolism
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/chemistry
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nirmalya Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Soumya Chatterjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhir Morla
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Abhishek Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashalata Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | | | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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10
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Röhrig UF, Reynaud A, Majjigapu SR, Vogel P, Pojer F, Zoete V. Inhibition Mechanisms of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). J Med Chem 2019; 62:8784-8795. [PMID: 31525930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, which is involved in immunity, neuronal function, and aging. Its implication in pathologies such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases has stimulated the development of IDO1 inhibitors. However, negative phase III clinical trial results of the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat in cancer immunotherapy call for a better understanding of the role and the mechanisms of IDO1 inhibition. In this work, we investigate the molecular inhibition mechanisms of four known IDO1 inhibitors and of two quinones in detail, using different experimental and computational approaches. We also determine for the first time the X-ray structure of the highly efficient 1,2,3-triazole inhibitor MMG-0358. Based on our results and a comprehensive literature overview, we propose a classification scheme for IDO1 inhibitors according to their inhibition mechanism, which will be useful for further developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute F Röhrig
- Molecular Modeling Group , SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Aline Reynaud
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Somi Reddy Majjigapu
- Molecular Modeling Group , SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vogel
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modeling Group , SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Department of Fundamental Oncology , University of Lausanne, Ludwig Lausanne Branch , 1066 Epalinges , Switzerland
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11
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Habraken ERM, van der Zee LJC, van de Vrande KNA, Jupp AR, Nieger M, Ehlers AW, Slootweg JC. Facile Synthesis of Tuneable Azophosphonium Salts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evi R. M. Habraken
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Lars J. C. van der Zee
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Koen N. A. van de Vrande
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A. I. Virtasen aukio 1 PO Box 55 Helsinki Finland
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry Science Faculty University of Johannesburg Auckland Park PO Box 254 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
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