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Koh CMM, Ping LSY, Xuan CHH, Theng LB, San HS, Palombo EA, Wezen XC. A data-driven machine learning approach for discovering potent LasR inhibitors. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2243416. [PMID: 37552115 PMCID: PMC10411317 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2243416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The rampant spread of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains severely threatens global health. This severity is compounded against the backdrop of a stagnating antibiotics development pipeline. Moreover, with many promising therapeutics falling short of expectations in clinical trials, targeting the las quorum sensing (QS) system remains an attractive therapeutic strategy to combat P. aeruginosa infection. Thus, our primary goal was to develop a drug prediction algorithm using machine learning to identify potent LasR inhibitors. In this work, we demonstrated using a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm boosted with AdaBoostM1 to discriminate between active and inactive LasR inhibitors. The optimal model performance was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation and test sets. Our best model achieved a 90.7% accuracy in distinguishing active from inactive LasR inhibitors, an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve value of 0.95, and a Matthews correlation coefficient value of 0.81 when evaluated using test sets. Subsequently, we deployed the model against the Enamine database. The top-ranked compounds were further evaluated for their target engagement activity using molecular docking studies, Molecular Dynamics simulations, MM-GBSA analysis, and Free Energy Landscape analysis. Our data indicate that several of our chosen top hits showed better ligand-binding affinities than naringenin, a competitive LasR inhibitor. Among the six top hits, five of these compounds were predicted to be LasR inhibitors that could be used to treat P. aeruginosa-associated infections. To our knowledge, this study provides the first assessment of using an MLP-based QSAR model for discovering potent LasR inhibitors to attenuate P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christabel Ming Ming Koh
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Lilian Siaw Yung Ping
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Christopher Ha Heng Xuan
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Lau Bee Theng
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Hwang Siaw San
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Enzo A. Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xavier Chee Wezen
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Jayaraman S, Adhilaxmi Kannan M, Rajendhran N, John GJ, Ramasamy T. Indole-3-acetic acid impacts biofilm formation and virulence production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:800-815. [PMID: 37853689 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2269537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogenesis involves complex mechanisms contributing to virulence and persistence of infections. Understanding the multifactorial nature of bacterial infections is crucial for developing effective interventions. The present study investigated the efficacy of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with various end points including antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), virulence factor production, biofilm inhibition, bacterial cell detachment, and viability assays. Results showed significant biofilm inhibition, bacterial cell detachment, and modest effects on bacterial viability. Microscopic analysis confirmed the disintegrated biofilm matrix, supporting the inhibitory effect of IAA. Additionally, molecular docking studies revealed potential mechanisms of action through active bond interactions between IAA and virulence proteins. These findings highlight IAA as an effective antibiofilm agent against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharshini Jayaraman
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Monika Adhilaxmi Kannan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nandhini Rajendhran
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Georrge J John
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vashistha A, Sharma N, Nanaji Y, Kumar D, Singh G, Barnwal RP, Yadav AK. Quorum sensing inhibitors as Therapeutics: Bacterial biofilm inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106551. [PMID: 37094480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections has led to the development of multiple drug resistant strains. Biofilm is a complex microorganism aggregation defined by the presence of a dynamic, sticky, and protective extracellular matrix made of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. The infectious diseases are caused by bacteria that flourish within quorum sensing (QS) mediated biofilms. Efforts to disrupt biofilms have enabled the identification of bioactive molecules produced by prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The QS system is quenched predominantly by these molecules. The phenomenon is also termed as quorum sensing (QS). Both synthetic and natural substances have been discovered to be useful in QS. This review describes natural and synthetic quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) with the potential to treat bacterial infections. It includes the discussion on quorum sensing, mechanism of quorum sensing, effect of substituents on the activity. These discoveries could result in effective therapies using far lower dosages of medications, particularly antibiotics, are currently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Vashistha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Yerramsetti Nanaji
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Ophthalmology Dept Lbk Genl, Lubbock, Texas, USA, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock TX 79430, United States
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan-173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravi P Barnwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Research progress on the structure and biological diversities of 2-phenylindole derivatives in recent 20 years. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106342. [PMID: 36621157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The privileged structure binds to multiple receptors with high affinity, which is helpful to the development of new bioactive compounds. Indole is classified as a privileged structure, which may be one of the most important structural categories in drug discovery. As a special subset of indole compounds, 2-phenylindole seems to be one of most promising forerunners of drug development. In this paper, 106 articles were referenced to review the structural changes, biological activities and structure-activity relationship of compounds in recent 20 years, and classified them according to their pharmacological activities, from several aspects, including anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, anti-parasite, the biological activities target to central nervous system, et al. It also points out the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in discovery of new 2-phenylindole compounds in a broader prospect. This review will provide some ideas for researchers to develop new indole drugs.
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Jia T, Liu D, Bi X, Li M, Cai Z, Fu J, Liu Z, Wu P, Ke X, Jia A, Zhang G, Li G, Yang L. The AhR ligand phthiocol and vitamin K analogs as Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing inhibitors. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:896687. [PMID: 36187967 PMCID: PMC9515472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.896687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) protein senses microbial-secreted metabolites to trigger the host's innate immune system. The Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) metabolite phthiocol (Pht) are both ligands of AhR with similar chemical structures. As PQS is an essential quorum-sensing molecule that regulates a wide range of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we hypothesized that Pht and its analogs are potential P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs) with immune-modulating functions. In this study, we demonstrated that Pht was able to inhibit the P. aeruginosa pqs QS system and reduce both biofilm formation and the production of pyocyanin. Molecular docking analysis suggested that Pht competes with PQS at the binding site of its receptor, PqsR. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed the Pht-PqsR interaction and showed that Pht attenuated PqsR from binding to the pqsA promoter. Proteomic analysis showed that synthesis of the key pqs QS proteins decreased upon the addition of Pht to the bacterial cultures. Furthermore, Pht analogs vitamins K1 (Phylloquinone), K2 (Menaquinones), and K3 (Menadione) were also showed to inhibit the P. aeruginosa pqs QS system while able to activate the AhR signaling pathways. Our study suggests that the AhR ligands Pht and its vitamin K analogs are promising QSIs for the alternative treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Jia
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongjing Liu
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianbiao Bi
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Menglu Li
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao Cai
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiapeng Fu
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengyao Wu
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Ke
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aiqun Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guobao Li
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guobao Li
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Yang
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The Molecular Architecture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080488. [PMID: 36005489 PMCID: PMC9409833 DOI: 10.3390/md20080488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival selection pressure caused by antibiotic-mediated bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity is one of the important inducements for bacteria to develop drug resistance. Bacteria gain drug resistance through spontaneous mutation so as to achieve the goals of survival and reproduction. Quorum sensing (QS) is an intercellular communication system based on cell density that can regulate bacterial virulence and biofilm formation. The secretion of more than 30 virulence factors of P. aeruginosa is controlled by QS, and the formation and diffusion of biofilm is an important mechanism causing the multidrug resistance of P. aeruginosa, which is also closely related to the QS system. There are three main QS systems in P. aeruginosa: las system, rhl system, and pqs system. Quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs) can reduce the toxicity of bacteria without affecting the growth and enhance the sensitivity of bacterial biofilms to antibiotic treatment. These characteristics make QSIs a popular topic for research and development in the field of anti-infection. This paper reviews the research progress of the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing system and QSIs, targeting three QS systems, which will provide help for the future research and development of novel quorum-sensing inhibitors.
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Abd El-Aleam RH, George RF, Georgey HH, Abdel-Rahman HM. Bacterial virulence factors: a target for heterocyclic compounds to combat bacterial resistance. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36459-36482. [PMID: 35494393 PMCID: PMC9043591 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06238g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. However, the growing understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and cell-to-cell communication has revealed many potential strategies for the discovery of drugs that can be used for the treatment of bacterial infections. Interfering with bacterial virulence and/or quorum sensing could be a particularly interesting approach, because it is believed to exert less selective pressure on the bacterial resistance than with traditional strategies, geared toward killing bacteria or preventing their growth. Here, we discuss the mechanism of bacterial virulence, presenting promising strategies and recently synthesized heterocyclic compounds to combat future bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab H Abd El-Aleam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information MTI Cairo 11571 Egypt
| | - Riham F George
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Hanan H Georgey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University Cairo 11786 Egypt
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Beni Suef Egypt
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Srinivasarao S, Nandikolla A, Nizalapur S, Yu TT, Pulya S, Ghosh B, Murugesan S, Kumar N, Chandra Sekhar KVG. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole based 2-aminobenzimidazoles as novel inhibitors of LasR dependent quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29273-29292. [PMID: 35528444 PMCID: PMC9071802 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria regulate their phenotype, growth and population via a signalling pathway known as quorum sensing. In this process, bacteria produce signalling molecules (autoinducers) to recognize their population density. Inhibiting this quorum sensing signalling pathway is one of the potential methods to treat bacterial infection. 2-Aminobenimdazoles are reported to be the strongest inhibitors of quorum sensing against wild-type P. aeruginosa. 1,2,3-Triazole based acyl homoserine lactones are found to be good inhibitors of the quorum sensing LasR receptor. Hence, in our current study, forty 1,2,3-triazole based 2-aminobenzimdazoles were synthesized and characterized using IR, NMR, MS and elemental analysis. A single crystal was developed for N-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-nonyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamide (6d). All final compounds were screened for in vitro quorum sensing inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The quorum sensing inhibitory activity was determined in the LasR expressing P. aeruginosa MH602 reporter strain by measuring green fluorescent protein production. Among the title compounds, N-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamide (6i) exhibited good quorum sensing inhibitory activity of 64.99% at 250 μM. N-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamide (6p) exhibited the most promising quorum sensing inhibitory activity with 68.23, 67.10 and 63.67% inhibition at 250, 125 and 62.5 μM, respectively. N-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamide (6o) and N-(5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamide (7l) also exhibited 64.25% and 65.80% quorum sensing inhibition at 250 μM. Compound 6p, the most active quorum sensing inhibitor, also displayed low cytotoxicity at the tested concentrations (25, 50 and 100 μM) against normal human embryonic kidney cell lines. Finally, a docking study using Schrodinger Glide elucidated the possible putative binding mode of the significantly active compound 6p at the active site of the target LasR receptor (PDB ID: 2UV0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Singireddi Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal Hyderabad - 500078 Telangana India +91 40 66303527
| | - Adinarayana Nandikolla
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal Hyderabad - 500078 Telangana India +91 40 66303527
| | | | - Tsz Tin Yu
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sravani Pulya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal Hyderabad-500078 Telangana India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal Hyderabad-500078 Telangana India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani 333031 India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal Hyderabad - 500078 Telangana India +91 40 66303527
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Bozorov K, Zhao J, Aisa HA. 1,2,3-Triazole-containing hybrids as leads in medicinal chemistry: A recent overview. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3511-3531. [PMID: 31300317 PMCID: PMC7185471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The 1,2,3-triazole ring is a major pharmacophore system among nitrogen-containing heterocycles. These five-membered heterocyclic motifs with three nitrogen heteroatoms can be prepared easily using 'click' chemistry with copper- or ruthenium-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. Recently, the 'linker' property of 1,2,3-triazoles was demonstrated, and a novel class of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids and conjugates was synthesised and evaluated as lead compounds for diverse biological targets. These lead compounds have been demonstrated as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, antiviral, antidiabetic, antimalarial, anti-leishmanial, and neuroprotective agents. The present review summarises advances in lead compounds of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids, conjugates, and their related heterocycles in medicinal chemistry published in 2018. This review will be useful to scientists in research fields of organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, phytochemistry, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshed Bozorov
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 40-1 South Beijing Rd, Urumqi 830011, PR China; Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan.
| | - Jiangyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 40-1 South Beijing Rd, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
| | - Haji A Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 40-1 South Beijing Rd, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
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Anti-PqsR compounds as next-generation antibacterial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 172:26-35. [PMID: 30939351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, due to spreading antibiotic resistance among clinically relevant pathogens, the requirement of novel therapeutic approaches is felt more than ever. One of the alternative strategies is anti-virulence therapy without affecting bacterial growth or viability. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen that exhibits intrinsic multi-drug resistance, both virulence factors' production and biofilm formation depends on its quorum sensing (QS) network. Therefore, targeting the key proteins involved in QS system is an attractive method to overcome P. aeruginosa pathogenicity and resistance. The transcriptional regulator PqsR, also called MvfR, is one of these major proteins which employs 3,4-dihydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (PQS) and 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HHQ) as signaling molecules. Reviewing the advances in development of small molecules inhibit this protein, assist to open a new window to smart molecule design that may revolutionize treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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