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Pant A, Singh G, Barnwal RP, Sharma T, Singh B. QbD-driven development and characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS) of a bone-targeting peptide for early detection of osteoporosis. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123936. [PMID: 38417727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder that leads to deterioration of bones. The major challenges confronting osteoporosis therapy include early-stage detection and regular disease monitoring. The present studies employed D-aspartic acid octapeptide (-D-Asp-)8 as bone-targeting peptide for evaluating osteoporosis manifestation, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as nanocarriers for MRI-aided diagnosis. Thermal decomposition technique was employed to synthesize SPIONs, followed by surface-functionalization with hydrophilic ligands. Failure mode effect analysis and factor screening studies were performed to identify concentrations of SPIONs and ligand as critical material attributes, and systematic optimization was subsequently conducted employing face-centered cubic design. The optimum formulation was delineated using desirability function, and design space demarcated with 178.70 nm as hydrodynamic particle size, -24.40 mV as zeta potential, and 99.89 % as hydrophilic iron content as critical quality attributes. XRD patterns ratified lattice structure and SQUID studies corroborated superparamagnetic properties of hydrophilic SPIONs. Bioconjugation of (-D-Asp-)8 with SPIONs (1:1) was confirmed using UV spectroscopy, FTIR and NMR studies. Cell line studies indicated successful targeting of SPIONs to MG-63 human osteoblasts, ratifying enormous bone-targeting and safety potential of peptide-tethered SPIONs as MRI probes. In vivo MRI imaging studies in rats showcased promising contrast ability and safety of peptide-conjugated SPIONs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pant
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | | | - Teenu Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140 401, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140 401, India.
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2
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Sharma J, Deo SVS, Kumar S, Barwad AW, Rastogi S, Sharma DN, Singh G, Bhoriwal S, Mishra A, K R, Saikia J, Mandal A, Bansal B, Gaur M. Clinicopathological Profile and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Localised Extremity Synovial Sarcomas. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:e97-e104. [PMID: 38326122 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Synovial sarcoma is a rare but aggressive variant of soft-tissue sarcoma. Literature is sparse and reported mostly from the West. We analysed the clinical profiles and prognostic factors of extremity synovial sarcoma patients in order to study their clinical journey. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective analysis. All patients with extremity synovial sarcoma treated between 1992 and 2020 were included. Patients with metastases at presentation were excluded. A descriptive analysis of demographic and clinicopathological features of patients undergoing limb salvage surgery (LSS) or amputation was carried out. Overall survival and disease-free survival were calculated for the entire cohort as well as for the LSS and amputation groups. Factors prognostic for survival were identified. RESULTS In total, 157 patients had localised extremity synovial sarcoma. Predominantly, young adults (median 31 years) and males (61%) were affected. Over 70% of patients presented after recurrence or unplanned surgeries. Sixty-seven per cent of tumours were >5 cm, 69% were deep and 23% involved bone. The limb salvage rate was 64%. In the LSS group, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy were given to 72% and 68% of patients, respectively. In the amputation group, 72% of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. In a median follow-up of 59 months, 39.4% of patients had recurrences, the majority (61.2%) were systemic. Five-year overall survival and disease-free survival were 53.4% and 49.8%, respectively. Overall survival was 63.9% and 29.7% in the LSS and amputation groups, respectively. On multivariate analysis, tumour size, depth, omission of radiotherapy and bone invasion were found to be the adverse prognostic factors. CONCLUSION This is one of the largest studies on extremity synovial sarcoma. Mostly males and young adults were affected. The limb salvage rate was 64%, despite most being referred after unplanned surgery. Almost 70% of patients received radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Overall survival was inferior in the amputation group. Tumour size >5 cm, depth and bone invasion were negative, whereas adjuvant radiotherapy was a positive prognostic factor for survival. Chemotherapy had no impact on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A W Barwad
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Rastogi
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D N Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - G Singh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bhoriwal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Mishra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R K
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - J Saikia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Mandal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - B Bansal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Gaur
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kaur J, Sharma A, Passi G, Dey P, Khajuria A, Alajangi HK, Jaiswal PK, Barnwal RP, Singh G. Nanomedicine at the Pulmonary Frontier: Immune-Centric Approaches for Respiratory Disease Treatment. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:295-347. [PMID: 38206610 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2298398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases (RD) are a group of common ailments with a rapidly increasing global prevalence, posing a significant threat to humanity, especially the elderly population, and imposing a substantial burden on society and the economy. RD represents an unmet medical need that requires the development of viable pharmacotherapies. While various promising strategies have been devised to advance potential treatments for RD, their implementation has been hindered by difficulties in drug delivery, particularly in critically ill patients. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for delivering medications to the inflamed organ sites, such as the lungs. Although this approach is enticing, delivering nanomedicine to the lungs presents complex challenges that require sophisticated techniques. In this context, we review the potential of novel nanomedicine-based immunomodulatory strategies that could offer therapeutic benefits in managing this pressing health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gautam Passi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Piyush Dey
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhil Khajuria
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hema Kumari Alajangi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Kaur J, Sharma A, Mundlia P, Sood V, Pandey A, Singh G, Barnwal RP. RNA-Small-Molecule Interaction: Challenging the "Undruggable" Tag. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38498010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
RNA targeting, specifically with small molecules, is a relatively new and rapidly emerging avenue with the promise to expand the target space in the drug discovery field. From being "disregarded" as an "undruggable" messenger molecule to FDA approval of an RNA-targeting small-molecule drug Risdiplam, a radical change in perspective toward RNA has been observed in the past decade. RNAs serve important regulatory functions beyond canonical protein synthesis, and their dysregulation has been reported in many diseases. A deeper understanding of RNA biology reveals that RNA molecules can adopt a variety of structures, carrying defined binding pockets that can accommodate small-molecule drugs. Due to its functional diversity and structural complexity, RNA can be perceived as a prospective target for therapeutic intervention. This perspective highlights the proof of concept of RNA-small-molecule interactions, exemplified by targeting of various transcripts with functional modulators. The advent of RNA-oriented knowledge would help expedite drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskirat Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Poonam Mundlia
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vikas Sood
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ankur Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Rani S, Dey P, Pruthi K, Singh S, Mahajan S, Alajangi HK, Kapoor S, Pandey A, Gupta D, Barnwal RP, Singh G. Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Cosmeceutical and Skin Care: A Systematic Review. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:65-110. [PMID: 38608133 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v41.i5.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals have gained great importance and are among the top-selling products used for skin care. Because of changing lifestyles, climate, and increasing pollution, cosmeceuticals are utilized by every individual, thereby making cosmeceuticals a fruitful field for research and the economy. Cosmeceuticals provide incredibly pleasing aesthetic results by fusing the qualities of both cosmetics and medicinal substances. Cosmeceuticals are primarily utilized to improve the appearance of skin by making it smoother, moisturized, and wrinkle-free, in addition to treating dermatological conditions, including photoaging, burns, dandruff, acne, eczema, and erythema. Nanocosmeceuticals are cosmetic products that combine therapeutic effects utilizing nanotechnology, allowing for more precise and effective target-specific delivery of active ingredients, and improving bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital Rani
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Piyush Dey
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kritika Pruthi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahajdeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shivansh Mahajan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hema K Alajangi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sumeet Kapoor
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh India
| | - Dikshi Gupta
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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Kaur G, Khanna B, Yusuf M, Sharma A, Khajuria A, Alajangi HK, Jaiswal PK, Sachdeva M, Barnwal RP, Singh G. A Path of Novelty from Nanoparticles to Nanobots: Theragnostic Approach for Targeting Cancer Therapy. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:1-38. [PMID: 38305340 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023046674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical development of cancer therapeutics is a dynamic area of research. Even after decades of intensive work, cancer continues to be a dreadful disease with an ever-increasing global incidence. The progress of nanotechnology in cancer research has overcome inherent limitations in conventional cancer chemotherapy and fulfilled the need for target-specific drug carriers. Nanotechnology uses the altered patho-physiological microenvironment of malignant cells and offers various advantages like improved solubility, reduced toxicity, prolonged drug circulation with controlled release, circumventing multidrug resistance, and enhanced biodistribution. Early cancer detection has a crucial role in selecting the best drug regime, thus, diagnosis and therapeutics go hand in hand. Furthermore, nanobots are an amazing possibility and promising innovation with numerous significant applications, particularly in fighting cancer and cleaning out blood vessels. Nanobots are tiny robots, ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm. Moreover, the nanobots would work similarly to white blood cells, watching the bloodstream and searching for indications of distress. This review articulates the evolution of various organic and inorganic nanoparticles and nanobots used as therapeutics, along with their pros and cons. It also highlights the shift in diagnostics from conventional methods to more advanced techniques. This rapidly growing domain is providing more space for engineering desired nanoparticles that can show miraculous results in therapeutic and diagnostic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharanpreet Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Bhawna Khanna
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mohammed Yusuf
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Akhil Khajuria
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Hema K Alajangi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Pradeep K Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mandip Sachdeva
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Singh G, Le H, Ablordeppey K, Long S, Minocha R, Dhankher OP. Overexpression of gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase 2;1 (CsGGCT2;1) reduces arsenic toxicity and accumulation in Camelina sativa (L.). Plant Cell Rep 2023; 43:14. [PMID: 38135793 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpressing CsGGCT2;1 in Camelina enhances arsenic tolerance, reducing arsenic accumulation by 40-60%. Genetically modified Camelina can potentially thrive on contaminated lands and help safeguard food quality and sustainable food and biofuel production. Environmental arsenic contamination is a serious global issue that adversely affects human health and diminishes the quality of harvested produce. Glutathione (GSH) is known to bind and detoxify arsenic and other toxic metals. A steady level of GSH is maintained within cells via the γ-glutamyl cycle. The γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases (GGCTs) have previously been shown to be involved in GSH degradation and increased tolerance to toxic metals in plants. In this study, we characterized the GGCT2;1 homolog from Camelina sativa for its role in arsenic tolerance and accumulation. Overexpression of CsGGCT2;1 in Camelina under CaMV35S constitutive promoter resulted in strong tolerance to arsenite (AsIII). The overexpression (OE) lines had 2.6-3.5-fold higher shoots and sevenfold to tenfold enhanced root biomass on media supplemented with AsIII, relative to wild-type plants. The CsGGCT2;1 OE lines accumulated 40-60% less arsenic in root and shoot tissues compared to wild-type plants. Further, the OE lines had ~ twofold higher chlorophyll content and 35% lesser levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of membrane damage via lipid peroxidation. There was a slight but non-significant increase in 5-oxoproline (5-OP), a product of GSH degradation, in OE lines. However, the transcript levels of Oxoprolinase 1 (OXP1) were upregulated, indicating the accelerated conversion of 5-OP to glutamate, which is further utilized for the resynthesis of GSH to maintain GSH homeostasis. Overall, this research suggests that genetically modified Camelina may have the potential for cultivation on contaminated marginal lands to reduce As accumulation; thereby could help in addressing food safety issues as well as future food and biofuel needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpal Singh
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Helen Le
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kenny Ablordeppey
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Long
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Rakesh Minocha
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Sharma G, Mahajan A, Thakur K, Kaur G, Goni VG, Kumar MV, Barnwal RP, Singh G, Singh B, Katare OP. Exploring the therapeutic potential of sodium deoxycholate tailored deformable-emulsomes of etodolac for effective management of arthritis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21681. [PMID: 38066008 PMCID: PMC10709335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The current piece of research intends to evaluate the potential of combining etodolac with deformable-emulsomes, a flexible vesicular system, as a promising strategy for the topical therapy of arthritis. The developed carrier system featured nanometric dimensions (102 nm), an improved zeta potential (- 5.05 mV), sustained drug release (31.33%), and enhanced drug deposition (33.13%) of DE-gel vis-à-vis conventional system (10.34% and 14.71%). The amount of permeation of the developed nano formulation across skin layers was demonstrated through CLSM and dermatokinetics studies. The safety profile of deformable-emulsomes has been investigated through in vitro HaCaT cell culture studies and skin compliance studies. The efficacy of the DE-gel formulation was sevenfold higher in case of Xylene induced ear edema model and 2.2-folds in CFA induced arthritis model than that of group treated with conventional gel (p < 0.01). The main technological rationale lies in the use of phospholipid and sodium deoxycholate-based nanoscale flexible lipoidal vesicles, which effectively encapsulate drug molecules within their interiors. This encapsulation enhances the molecular interactions and facilitates the transportation of the drug molecule effectively to the target-site. Hence, these findings offer robust scientific evidence to support additional investigation into the potential utility of flexible vesicular systems as a promising drug delivery alternative for molecules of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Mahajan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kanika Thakur
- Research Scientist II, Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, S1 2BJ, UK
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Vijay G Goni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Muniramiah Vinod Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, East Point College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560049, India
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - O P Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Sharma S, Singh G, Wang Y, White JC, Xing B, Dhankher OP. Nanoscale sulfur alleviates silver nanoparticle toxicity and improves seed and oil yield in Soybean (Glycine max). Environ Pollut 2023; 336:122423. [PMID: 37604392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly used in many commercial products due to their antimicrobial properties, and their significant exposure in agricultural systems is anticipated. AgNPs accumulation in soil and subsequent uptake by plants can be harmful to plant growth and exposure to animals and humans through the food chain is a major concern. This study evaluated the potential protective role of nanosulfur (NS) and bulk sulfur (BS) at 200 and 400 mg/kg soil application in alleviating silver nanoparticle (AgNPs; 32 and 64 mg/kg) phytotoxicity to soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]. The treatments were added in the soil before soybean transplantation; growth, yield, nutrient, and silver accumulation were measured in the shoot, root, and seeds. Exposure to AgNPs significantly affected plant growth and yield, reducing nodule weight by 40%, fresh shoot weight by 66%, and seed yield by 68% when compared to controls. However, nanosulfur application in soil alleviated AgNPs toxicity, and importantly, this impact was nanoscale specific at the higher concentration because the benefits of corresponding bulk sulfur (BS) treatments were marginal. Specifically, nanosulfur at 400 mg/kg significantly increased seed yield (∼3-fold more than AgNP at 64 mg/kg) and shoot biomass (2.6-fold more than AgNP at 64 mg/kg) upon co-exposure with AgNPs, essentially alleviating AgNPs toxicity. Moreover, NS increased nodule mass by 3.5 times compared to AgNPs-treated plants, which was 170% greater than the Ag- and NS-free controls. Plants treated with NS with AgNPs co-exposure accumulated significantly less Ag in the shoots (∼80% reduction) and roots (∼95% reduction); no Ag contents were detected in seeds. These findings demonstrate the potential of sulfur, especially NS, as a sustainable soil amendment to reduce the accumulation and toxicity of AgNPs and as a valuable nano-enabled strategy to promote food safety and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Sharma
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Gurpal Singh
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason C White
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Dwivedi AND, Varshney A, Jain D, Singh G. CT coronary angiography as an alternative imaging method to ascertain cardiac output and its correlation with echocardiography. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e831-e838. [PMID: 37626004 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the feasibility and accuracy of cardiac output (CO) obtained using a test bolus in patients scanned with single-source prospective-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT), and comparing it with CO obtained from unenhanced two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography using biplane Simpson's method. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 100 patients with a mean age of 55 ± 12 years who underwent coronary CT angiography with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated CT in which the scan delay was evaluated using a test bolus. The time-attenuation curves obtained from the test bolus were used to calculate the CO of the patients. The CO obtained was then compared with that obtained after follow-up 2D echocardiography using biplane modified Simpson method. RESULTS Linear regression was calculated between the CO and contrast enhancement: CO = -0.16(HUmax) + 7.65. The study showed good correlation between the two methods with r=0.77, p<0.001. On Bland-Altman analysis, no significant difference was noted between the two methods. CONCLUSION This less researched method for CO estimation appears feasible; however, the clinical usefulness of this parameter is uncertain in absence of further clinical and reference standard validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N D Dwivedi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India.
| | - A Varshney
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India
| | - D Jain
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India
| | - G Singh
- Centre of Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India
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Nand KN, Jordan TB, Yuan X, Basore DA, Zagorevski D, Clarke C, Werner G, Hwang JY, Wang H, Chung JJ, McKenna A, Jarvis MD, Singh G, Bystroff C. Bacterial production of recombinant contraceptive vaccine antigen from CatSper displayed on a human papilloma virus-like particle. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)01114-3. [PMID: 37833124 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
CatSper is a voltage dependent calcium ion channel present in the principal piece of sperm tail. It plays a crucial role in sperm hyperactivated motility and so in fertilization. Extracellular loops of mouse sperm CatSper were used to develop a vaccine to achieve protection from pregnancy. These loops were inserted at one of the three hypervariable regions of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) capsid protein (L1). Recombinant vaccines were expressed in E.coli as inclusion body (IB), purified, refolded and assembled into virus-like particles (VLP) in vitro, and adsorbed on alum. Four vaccine candidates were tested in Balb/C mice. All the constructs proved immunogenic, one showed contraceptive efficacy. This recombinant contraceptive vaccine is a non-hormonal intervention and is expected to give long-acting protection from undesired pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Nand
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - T B Jordan
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - X Yuan
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - D A Basore
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States; Department of Health and Natural Science, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, NY, United States
| | - D Zagorevski
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - C Clarke
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - G Werner
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - J Y Hwang
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - H Wang
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - J-J Chung
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - A McKenna
- Bioresearch Core, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - M D Jarvis
- Bioresearch Core, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - G Singh
- Bioresearch Core, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - C Bystroff
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States.
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12
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Kaur M, Sharma A, Kaur H, Singh M, Devi B, Naresh Raj AR, Sood V, Pandey A, Gartia J, Kumar R, Suresh Babu AR, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Screening of potential inhibitors against structural proteins from Monkeypox and related viruses of Poxviridae family via docking and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37776002 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2259489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an orthopoxvirus which causes zoonotic infection in humans. Even though sporadic cases of this infection are limited to the African continent, but if the infection continues to increase unabated, it can be a cause of serious concern for the human populace. Smallpox vaccination has been in use against monkeypox infection but it only provides mild protection. In the current study, we have screened novel small molecules (estrone fused heterocycles (EH1-EH7)) exhibiting good binding with monkeypox virus protein and related proteins from Poxviridae family of viruses via computational approaches. EH1-7 series of small molecules selected for the work have been synthesized via cycloaddition methodology. Docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) results highlight EH4 compound to have strong binding affinity towards monkeypox and other related viral proteins selected for the study. Thus, computational outcomes suggest EH4 as a good candidate against monkeypox. Currently, no antiviral medication has been approved against monkeypox and the treatment is only via therapeutics available for smallpox and related conditions that may be helpful against monkeypox. Our study is thus an attempt to screen novel compounds against monkeypox infection, which would, in turn, facilitate development of novel therapeutics against Poxviridae family. HIGHLIGHTSMonkeypox infection is a public health emergency and necessitates immediate drug discovery.Molecular docking study to screen estrone-fused heterocycles compounds against Monkeypox and other orthopoxviruses.Molecular dynamics simulations revealed interaction/high binding affinities among EH4 heterocyclic compound and profilin-like protein from the monkeypox virus.Estrone-fused heterocycles compounds are promising anti-viral agents as per our in silico analysis.Our study provides evidence for investigating estrone-fused heterocycles compounds for further pharmacological interventions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harjeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bharti Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, UP, India
| | | | - Vikas Sood
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Janeka Gartia
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, UP, India
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Suresh Babu AR, Sharma A, Athira MP, Alajangi HK, Naresh Raj AR, Gartia J, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Evaluation of antibiofilm properties of dehydroacetic acid (DHA) grafted spiro-oxindolopyrrolidines synthesized via multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15289. [PMID: 37714933 PMCID: PMC10504327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The current work involves the use of dehydroacetic acid based chalcone derivatives for the synthesis of spirooxindole grafted pyrrolidine moieties. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as NMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), IR, mass and elemental analysis. Molecular mechanics studies were performed to comprehend the regioselectivity in the product formation. Molecular docking of the synthesized compounds was performed with few bacterial proteins of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa responsible for biofilm formation followed by molecular dynamics simulations with the potential lead compound. Further, to corroborate the results obtained via in silico study, anti-biofilm activity etc. of the synthesized compounds (4a-e) was checked for effectiveness against biofilm formation. Taken together, this study opens up to explore these compounds' multiple roles in diverse fields in the arena of medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - M P Athira
- Department of Chemistry, IISER, Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Hema K Alajangi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - A R Naresh Raj
- Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, Chennai, 600106, India
| | - Janeka Gartia
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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14
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Sharma A, Kaur M, Yadav P, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Expediting the drug discovery for ideal leads against SARS-CoV-2 via molecular docking of repurposed drugs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7949-7965. [PMID: 36165445 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2127903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus spreading worldwide urges the need to repurpose drugs that can quickly enter clinical trials to combat the on-going global pandemic. A cluster of proteins are encoded for by the viral genome, each assuming a critical role in pathogen endurance inside the host. To handle the adverse circumstances, robust virtual strategies such as repurposing are coming to the fore due to being economical, efficient and rapid. Five FDA approved repurposed drugs proposed to act as inhibitors by targeting SARS-CoV-2 were used for initial evaluation via molecular docking. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the selected SARS-CoV-2 proteins against five ligands (Clemizole hydrochloride, Exemestane, Nafamostat, Pregnenolone and Umifenovir) was designed. In this regard, non-structural proteins (nsp3, nsp5, nsp10, nsp12 and nsp15), structural proteins (Spike, Nucleocapsid protein) and accessory proteins (ORF 3a, ORF 7a and ORF 9 b) were selected. Here, we aim to expedite the search for a potential drug from the five FDA approved repurposing drugs already in use for treatment of multiple diseases. Based on docking analysis, Umifenovir and Pregnenolone are suggested to show potential inhibitory effects against most of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. These drugs are noteworthy since they exhibit high binding towards target proteins and should be used as lead compounds towards in vitro and in vivo studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Priya Yadav
- Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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15
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Verma Y, Sachdeva H, Kalra S, Kumar P, Singh G. UNVEILING THE COMPLEX ROLE OF NF-ΚB IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: INSIGHTS INTO BRAIN INFLAMMATION AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. Georgian Med News 2023:133-141. [PMID: 37991969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and dementia. One of the major pathologies underlying AD is chronic neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes in the brain. The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signalling pathway is a key regulator of inflammation and has been implicated in the neuroinflammatory processes associated with AD. This review comprehensively summarizes current findings on the complex role of NF-κB signalling in AD pathogenesis. The canonical and non-canonical NF-κB activation pathways are described, along with evidence from human studies and animal models demonstrating increased NF-κB activity in AD brains. The deleterious effects of NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation are discussed, including the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes that exacerbate neuronal damage over time. Targeting the NF-κB pathway is proposed as a promising therapeutic approach to dampen neuroinflammation in AD. Preclinical studies utilizing genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB are reviewed, and key challenges in translating these findings to clinical applications are analyzed. Overall, this review unveils the multifaceted contributions of NF-κB signalling to AD neuropathology and highlights anti-neuroinflammatory NF-κB modulation as a potential avenue for future AD treatments. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the complex interactions between NF-κB and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - H Sachdeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - S Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - P Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - G Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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16
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Chaudry E, Singh G, Khan H, Bedi H, Hanna NG. Post-COVID-19 vaccine uveitis: A case series. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:720-725. [PMID: 37598099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the recent emergence and worldwide distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, many side effects may be underreported and possibly unknown. Cases of vaccine-associated uveitis have been linked to almost all vaccines administered in the past; however, there is scarcity of literature providing insight into post-COVID-19 vaccine-associated uveitis. This case series documents patients presenting with uveitis after administration of the Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines, in hope of advancing our current understanding of potential ocular complications of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Patients with ocular symptoms consistent with uveitis within 14 days after administration of the Pfizer or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines were included in this case series. RESULTS Eight patients with a mean age of 44.4 years (range, 19-83) were included. Six patients received a Pfizer, and 2 received a Moderna vaccine. Four patients presented after their first dose, 3 after their second dose, and 1 after both doses. The mean onset of ocular symptoms after the vaccine was 5.19 days (range, 1-14), and the mean BCVA was 0.678. Patients were diagnosed with bilateral anterior granulomatous uveitis (case 1), unilateral non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (case 2, 5-8), and bilateral non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (case 3-4). CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of vaccine-induced uveitis is not properly understood; however, the outcomes of this case series will aid in establishing a temporal association between the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines and the onset of uveitis. As the rate of COVID-19 vaccinations increases globally, it is imperative for physicians to be aware of the possible association and presentation of these ocular findings and diagnoses in order to treat patients effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chaudry
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - G Singh
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Khan
- School of Medicine, Saint-George's University, West Indies, Grenada
| | - H Bedi
- Department of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - N G Hanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Tyagi K, Rai P, Gautam A, Kaur H, Kapoor S, Suttee A, Jaiswal PK, Sharma A, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: complexity, mechanism and associated disorders. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:307. [PMID: 37649125 PMCID: PMC10469568 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are associated with critical illnesses, including severe respiratory disorders. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the deadly COVID-19 illness, which has spread globally as a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 may enter the human body through olfactory lobes and interact with the angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptor, further facilitating cell binding and entry into the cells. Reports have shown that the virus can pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in various disorders. Cell entry by SARS-CoV-2 largely relies on TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L, which activate S protein. TMPRSS2 is found on the cell surface of respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital epithelium, while cathepsin-L is a part of endosomes. AIM The current review aims to provide information on how SARS-CoV-2 infection affects brain function.. Furthermore, CNS disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including ischemic stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, meningitis, and encephalitis, are discussed. The many probable mechanisms and paths involved in developing cerebrovascular problems in COVID patients are thoroughly detailed. MAIN BODY There have been reports that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the central nervous system (CNS), where it could cause a various illnesses. Patients suffering from COVID-19 experience a range of neurological complications, including sleep disorders, viral encephalitis, headaches, dysgeusia, and cognitive impairment. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of COVID-19 patients has been reported. Health experts also reported its presence in cortical neurons and human brain organoids. The possible mechanism of virus infiltration into the brain can be neurotropic, direct infiltration and cytokine storm-based pathways. The olfactory lobes could also be the primary pathway for the entrance of SARS-CoV-2 into the brain. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 can lead to neurological complications, such as cerebrovascular manifestations, motor movement complications, and cognitive decline. COVID-19 infection can result in cerebrovascular symptoms and diseases, such as strokes and thrombosis. The virus can affect the neural system, disrupt cognitive function and cause neurological disorders. To combat the epidemic, it is crucial to repurpose drugs currently in use quickly and develop novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Tyagi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prachi Rai
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuj Gautam
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harjeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sumeet Kapoor
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suttee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Marshall J, Singh G. Proton and gamma irradiation of novel tungsten boride and carbide candidate shielding materials. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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19
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Nandi BP, Singh G, Jain A, Tayal DK. Evolution of neural network to deep learning in prediction of air, water pollution and its Indian context. Int J Environ Sci Technol (Tehran) 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37360564 PMCID: PMC10148580 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-023-04911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The scenario of developed and developing countries nowadays is disturbed due to modern living style which affects environment, wildlife and natural habitat. Environmental quality has become or is a subject of major concern as it is responsible for health hazard of mankind and animals. Measurements and prediction of hazardous parameters in different fields of environment is a recent research topic for safety and betterment of people as well as nature. Pollution in nature is an after-effect of civilization. To combat the damage already happened, some processes should be evolved for measurement and prediction of pollution in various fields. Researchers of all over the world are active to find out ways of predicting such hazard. In this paper, application of neural network and deep learning algorithms is chosen for air pollution and water pollution cases. The purpose of this review is to reveal how family of neural network algorithms has applied on these two pollution parameters. In this paper, importance is given on algorithm, and datasets used for air and water pollution as well as the predicted parameters have also been noted for ease of future development. One major concern of this paper is Indian context of air and water pollution research, and the research potential presents in this area using Indian dataset. Another aspect for including both air and water pollutions in one review paper is to generate an idea of artificial neural network and deep learning techniques which can be cross applicable for future purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Nandi
- Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Singh
- Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Jain
- Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - D. K. Tayal
- Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, New Delhi, India
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20
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Vashistha A, Sharma N, Nanaji Y, Kumar D, Singh G, Barnwal RP, Yadav AK. Quorum sensing inhibitors as Therapeutics: Bacterial biofilm inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106551. [PMID: 37094480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections has led to the development of multiple drug resistant strains. Biofilm is a complex microorganism aggregation defined by the presence of a dynamic, sticky, and protective extracellular matrix made of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. The infectious diseases are caused by bacteria that flourish within quorum sensing (QS) mediated biofilms. Efforts to disrupt biofilms have enabled the identification of bioactive molecules produced by prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The QS system is quenched predominantly by these molecules. The phenomenon is also termed as quorum sensing (QS). Both synthetic and natural substances have been discovered to be useful in QS. This review describes natural and synthetic quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) with the potential to treat bacterial infections. It includes the discussion on quorum sensing, mechanism of quorum sensing, effect of substituents on the activity. These discoveries could result in effective therapies using far lower dosages of medications, particularly antibiotics, are currently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Vashistha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Yerramsetti Nanaji
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Ophthalmology Dept Lbk Genl, Lubbock, Texas, USA, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock TX 79430, United States
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan-173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravi P Barnwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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21
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Pant A, Sharma G, Saini S, Jain A, Barnwal RP, Singh G, Singh B. Quality by Design (QbD)-Steered Development and Validation of Analytical and Bioanalytical Methods for Raloxifene: Application of Monte Carlo Simulations and Variance Inflation Factor. Biomed Chromatogr 2023:e5641. [PMID: 37041119 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, rapid, reproducible and economical high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is reported for the quantification of raloxifene hydrochloride employing QbD principles. Factor screening studies, employing Taguchi design, indicated buffer volume percentage and isocratic flow rate as the critical method parameters (CMPs), which significantly influence the chosen critical analytical attributes, i.e., tailing factor and theoretical plate number. Method conditions were subsequently optimized using face-centered cubic design with magnitude of variance inflation factor for assessing multicollinearity among CMPs. Method operable design region (MODR) was earmarked and liquid chromatographic separation optimized using 0.05 M citrate buffer, acetonitrile, and methanol (57:40:3 v/v/v) as mobile phase at 0.9 mL.min-1 flow rate, λmax of 280 nm and column temperature of 40°C. Validation of developed analytical method was accomplished as per ICH guidelines confirming high levels of linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and sensitivity. Application of Monte Carlo simulations enabled the attainment of best plausible chromatographic resolution and corroboration of the MODR, thus demarcated. Establishment and validation of the bioanalytical method using rat plasma samples, along with forced degradation and stability studies, corroborated the aptness of developed HPLC methods for drug quantification in the biological fluids, as well as in bulk and marketed dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pant
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sumant Saini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Atul Jain
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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22
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Taylor J, Singh G, Love B, Scheinin S, Seethamraju H. Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Mimicking Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction after Single Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Singh G, Laskey D, Mudd J, Scheinin S, Seethamraju H. Severe Hypoxia Caused by Hepatopulmonary Syndrome after Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Wang A, Singh G, Laskey D, Scheinin S, Seethamraju H. Diagnosis of Thrombotic Microangiopathy Following Lung Transplant via Skin Biopsy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Malhotra V, Javed D, Bharshankar R, Singh V, Gautam N, Mishra S, Chundawat DS, Kushwah A, Singh G, Deep A. Prevalence and Predictors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Elderly during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study from Central India. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:556-566. [PMID: 37002771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly people have been more prone to depression, anxiety and stress. During these trying times, they require more attention and support for their mental health. This cross-sectional study was performed with the duration of 06 months from March 2021 to August 2021 in AIIMS, Bhopal in the state of Madhya Pradesh, in central India. And the participants recruited by systematic random sampling from a population aged more than 60 years, those who were able to read and write Hindi or English and having at least one family member; who reported to AIIMS, Bhopal during the second wave of COVID-19 in India. Those who were confirmed COVID-19 cases and undergoing treatment for the same, with diagnosed mental health disorders and who didn't give consent were excluded. A Google form based online semi-structured questionnaire along with DASS-21 scale was completed by participants. Elderly (>=60 years) will be selected. Of the 690 participants 7.25% reported mild to moderate depression, whereas 0.58 percent had severe or extremely severe depression. Mild to moderate anxiety were found in 9.56% of people, while 2.46% had severe or extremely severe anxiety. Mildly or moderately were stressed 4.78%, while 0.42% was severely or extremely anxious. Alcoholism and depression were found to have a statistically significant relationship (p=0.028). During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly subjects who napped during the day were substantially less depressed (p=0.033). The older the respondents were, the more nervous they were during the pandemic (p=0.042). There is a link between alcohol consumption and stress (p=0.043) and it was seen that females were more stressed as compared to males (p=0.045). There was a strong correlation between participants' alcohol addiction and depressive symptoms. Psychological therapies for the elderly are thought to be necessary to enhance their psychological resilience and mental health. We need to tackle the stigma related to the COVID-19 and mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Malhotra
- Dr Varun Malhotra, Additional Professor, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, MP, India; E-mail:
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Laskey D, Singh G, Seethamraju H, Scheinin S. Pulmonary Vein Gas Analysis Predicts Diminished Function after Transplant Not Clinically Manifested in Donor. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Dey P, Ahuja A, Panwar J, Choudhary P, Rani S, Kaur M, Sharma A, Kaur J, Yadav AK, Sood V, Suresh Babu AR, Bhadada SK, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Immune Control of Avian Influenza Virus Infection and Its Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030593. [PMID: 36992177 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The avian influenza A virus (AIV) is naturally prevalent in aquatic birds, infecting different avian species and transmitting from birds to humans. Both AIVs, the H5N1 and H7N9 viruses, have the potential to infect humans, causing an acute influenza disease syndrome in humans, and are a possible pandemic threat. AIV H5N1 is highly pathogenic, whereas AIV H7N9 has comparatively low pathogenicity. A clear insight into the disease pathogenesis is significant to understand the host’s immunological response, which in turn facilitates the design of the control and prevention strategies. In this review, we aim to provide comprehensive details on the pathogenesis and clinical features of the disease. Moreover, the innate and adaptive immunological responses to AIV and the recent studies conducted on the CD8+ T cell immunity against AIVs are detailed upon. Further, the current status and advancement in the development of AIV vaccines, along with the challenges, are also discussed. The information provided will be helpful in combating the transmission of AIV from birds to humans and, thus, preventing severe outbreaks leading to pandemics worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Dey
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Ahuja
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jaishal Panwar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Poonam Choudhary
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shital Rani
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vikas Sood
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | | | - Sanjay K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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MURTHY S, Bag S, Mathawale V, Singh G. WCN23-0059 A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF 275 KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS PERFORMED OVER 3 1/2 YEARS; A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE;. Kidney Int Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.02.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
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Pant A, Singh J, Barnwal RP, Singh G, Singh B. Theranostic Approach for the Management of Osteoporosis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2023; 40:95-121. [PMID: 36749084 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2022043413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone-metabolic disorder, causing micro-architecture degeneration and a decrease in bone density. Nutritional deficiency, i.e., calcium, vitamin D, and hormonal imbalances are the primary cause for the occurrence of OP. Although conventional diagnostic techniques and therapies are available and found to be effective only at a later stage, though still lack prevention strategies. Thus, the patients tend to suffer incidence of fractures and many difficulties to manage their day-to-day activities at an elderly stage. Numerous nanomaterial(s) possessing unique physicochemical, optical, and electrical properties are reported nowadays to be employed for both early-stage detections of disease and its treatment. Amongst these nanomaterials, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) possessing strong magnetic susceptibility, less in vivo toxicity, and surface functionalities are extensively employed for MRI contrast imaging agents in the area of disease diagnosis, and drug delivery tools for various therapies. Therefore, this review highlights the pathophysiology of OP, conventional techniques of diagnosis, and the application of SPIONs for diagnostic and treatment purposes of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pant
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Joga Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014; UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
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Talwar H, Sharma P, Singh G, Joshi S. Penile transplantation: Past, present and future. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Gordon S, Kind O, Singh G, Wood A, Gallina A. Between-day reliability of trunk orientation measured with smartphone sensors during sit-to-stand in asymptomatic individuals. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2023; 63:102713. [PMID: 36604269 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trunk kinematics during sit-to-stand is often impaired in individuals with musculoskeletal disorders. Trunk kinematics is commonly assessed in laboratories using motion capture; however, this equipment is often not available outside research centers. Smartphones are widely available and may be a suitable alternative to assess trunk orientation during sit-to-stand remotely. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether trunk orientation in the sagittal plane during sit-to-stand can be measured reliably between days when collected remotely using smartphones. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHOD Forty-three asymptomatic participants performed 15 sit-to-stand movements in two separate sessions remotely over videoconferencing. Trunk orientation was measured using each participant's smartphone. Absolute peak trunk orientation in the sagittal plane was extracted during standing, sitting, stand up and sit down. Relative trunk orientation was calculated as the difference between sitting and stand up, or sitting and sit down. Reliability was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,k), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable change (MDC). Between day bias and between-gender differences were assessed using T tests. RESULTS All measures showed good reliability (ICC2,k > 0.80; SEM < 5.6°; MDC < 13.6°) and no between-day bias (p > 0.31). Relative measures were more consistent (ICC2,k > 0.88; SEM < 3.6°; MDC < 9.9°). No between-gender differences were observed for relative orientation (p > 0.75). CONCLUSIONS Sagittal trunk orientation during sitting, standing, and sit-to-stand can be measured reliably when asymptomatic individuals use their own smartphones supervised over videoconferencing. These findings support the use of smartphone sensors for assessing how trunk orientation changes over time, which may assist physiotherapists assess movement patterns of individuals with musculoskeletal disorders remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaylah Gordon
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Oliver Kind
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gurpal Singh
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandra Wood
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alessio Gallina
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Ghadiya K, Dunn R, Singh G, Lai H, Garcia-Pacheco R. Disseminated Histoplasmosis in Central California Seen in an Immunocompromised Patient. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2023; 11:23247096231205347. [PMID: 37811883 PMCID: PMC10563451 DOI: 10.1177/23247096231205347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus found in certain parts of North, Central, and South America. Transmission is primarily through airborne inoculation from inhaled fungal microconidia. Histoplasmosis is typically a self-limited mycosis; however, in patients with immunodeficiency, disseminated disease can occur and may lead to high disease burden. This report studies a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a patient newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus. His presentation on admission was consistent with infectious pulmonary granulomatous disease, and further imaging and laboratory results showed evidence of multi-organ involvement. It is likely his presentation in Central California was a reactivation infection after inoculation in Central America many years ago.
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Khera A, Alajangi HK, Khajuria A, Barnwal RP, Kumar S, Singh G. Highlighting the Potential Role of Exosomes as the Targeted Nanotherapeutic Carrier in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Curr Drug Deliv 2023; 20:317-334. [PMID: 35379150 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220404103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, being the second most common type of cancer, is a leading cause of death in the female population. Of all the available treatments existing for breast cancer, exosomes appear as an important medium for the site targeted delivery of the drugs. Exosomes, unlike all the other extracellular vesicles, play a vital role in the transport of numerous biomolecules throughout the body and can easily be detected because of the presence of specific biomarkers. Apart from playing a wide variety of roles in the progression of many diseases, they are also responsible for tumor progression and metastasis in breast cancer. Exosomes and related engineering strategies are being discussed as nano-carrier for the delivery of different drugs in the case of breast cancer. Overall, we have discussed in this review the role of exosomes in breast cancer and the engineering strategies being devised for making them an efficient drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Khera
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.,National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Hema K Alajangi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Akhil Khajuria
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravi P Barnwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Chamoli T, Khera A, Sharma A, Gupta A, Garg S, Mamgain K, Bansal A, Verma S, Gupta A, Alajangi HK, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Peptide Utility (PU) search server: A new tool for peptide sequence search from multiple databases. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12283. [PMID: 36590540 PMCID: PMC9800339 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are essential building blocks in humans that have garnered huge attention from researchers worldwide due to their numerous therapeutic applications. To date, different computational tools have been developed to extract pre-existing information on these biological molecules, but most of these tools suffer from limitations such as non-user friendly interface, redundancy of data, etc. To overcome these limitations, a user-friendly interface, the Peptide Utility (PU) webserver (https://chain-searching.herokuapp.com/) has been developed for searching and analyzing homologous and identical protein/peptide sequences that can be searched from approximately 0.4 million sequences (structural and sequence information) in both online and offline modes. The PU web server can also be used to study different types of interactions in PDBSum, identifying the most dominating interface residues, the most prevalent interactions, and the interaction preferences of different residues. The webserver would also pave way for the design of novel therapeutic peptides and folds by identifying conserved residues in the three-dimensional structure space of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanishq Chamoli
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alisha Khera
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India,National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Anshul Gupta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonam Garg
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanishk Mamgain
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aayushi Bansal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shriya Verma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hema K. Alajangi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India,Corresponding author.
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India,Corresponding author.
| | - Ravi P. Barnwal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology, Chandigarh, India,Corresponding author.
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Pant A, Kaur T, Sharma T, Singh J, Suttee A, Barnwal RP, Kaur IP, Singh G, Singh B. A glass matrices-assisted quantum dots-based biosensor for selective capturing and detection of Escherichia coli. J Water Health 2022; 20:1673-1687. [PMID: 36573672 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of water and food is a grave health concern rendering humans quite vulnerable to disease(s), and proving, at times, fatal too. Exploration of the novel diagnostic tools is, accordingly, highly called for to ensure rapid detection of the pathogenic bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli. The current manuscript, accordingly, reports the use of silane-functionalized glass matrices and antibody-conjugated cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) for efficient detection of E. coli. Synthesis of QDs (size: 5.4-6.8 nm) using mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) stabilizer yielded stable photoluminescence (∼62%), corroborating superior fluorescent characteristics. A test sample, when added to antibody-conjugated matrices, followed by antibody-conjugated CdTe-MPA QDs, formed a pathogen-antibody QDs complex. The latter, during confocal microscopy, demonstrated rapid detection of the selectively captured pathogenic bacteria (10 microorganism cells/10 μL) with enhanced sensitivity and specificity. The work, overall, encompasses establishment and design of an innovative detection platform in microbial diagnostics for rapid capturing of pathogens in water and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pant
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014
| | - Taranvir Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014
| | - Teenu Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India 140401
| | - Joga Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014
| | - Ashish Suttee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014 ; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India 140401
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Gupta VK, Srivastava SK, Ghosh SK, Srivastava N, Singh G, Verma MR, Katiyar R, Muthu R, Bhutia L, Kumar A, Singh R. Effect of endogenous hormones, antisperm antibody and oxidative stress on semen quality of crossbred bulls. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1441-1448. [PMID: 33866921 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1905656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of factors like hormones, antisperm antibody (ASA), and oxidative stress and its relation with semen quality in crossbred bulls. Ejaculates from two bulls were categorized into good (n = 12) and poor (n = 12) based on initial progressive motility, that is, ≥70% and ≤50%, respectively. The level of hormones like Testosterone (p < 0.05) and PGE2 (p < 0.01) was significantly higher in good-quality ejaculates compared to poor-quality ejaculates; however, estradiol (p < 0.05), progesterone, oxidative stress, and ASAs were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in poor-quality ejaculates compared to good-quality ejaculates. Therefore, it could be concluded that oxidative stress and hormonal imbalance might have resulted in high number of dead and defective spermatozoa which was ultimately responsible for poor quality semen ejaculates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Gupta
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - S K Srivastava
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - S K Ghosh
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - N Srivastava
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - G Singh
- Division of Animal Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - M R Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics and Statistics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Rahul Katiyar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Muthu
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - L Bhutia
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Yahya F, Huckerby C, Nifel M, Singh G. An audit to review high risk asthma patients with over-use of short-acting beta-agonist inhalers. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riac089.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The UK National Review of Asthma deaths (NRAD)1 has shown that the over-prescribing of Short Acting Beta Agonist’s (SABA) inhalers is a risk factor for exacerbation and death in asthmatic patients. A quality improvement audit was identified as a priority to review practice performance in line with national guidelines.2,3
Aim
The aim was to identify patients on the asthma register who were prescribed 12 or more SABA inhalers within the preceding 12 months and investigate any reasons for overuse. Additionally, patients were highlighted for review to optimise management in line with national recommendations2,3.
Methods
A search run in a GP practice highlighted high-risk patients on the asthma register prescribed 12 or more SABAs in the preceding 12 months. Audit criteria were defined to assess if 100% of patients had a completed annual asthma review. Patients who were not asthmatics or undergoing investigations for a potential diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were excluded. Phase 1 of the audit was notes-based data-collection on recent asthma reviews and reasons for potential overuse. In Phase 2, patients were contacted prioritising those overdue a review. During contact, the Asthma Control Test, checking inhaler technique, discussing any reasons for SABA over-use and patient education on their inhalers were all discussed. Patients requiring treatment optimisation or a follow-up review were highlighted for referral to various members of the multidisciplinary team. This audit did not require ethical approval.
Results
42 out of 988 patients with asthma were identified as being issued more than 12 SABA’s in the preceding 12 months. 1 patient was excluded due to having a diagnosis of COPD. Out of the remaining 41 patients, 16 patients had already had an up to date annual asthma review prior to the search. 13 patients were contacted and referred to the pharmacist or asthma nurse for a review. As a result of the audit, a total of 29 patients had an asthma review conducted. 12 patients were unable to be contacted and follow-up remains outstanding. A number of themes were highlighted during the audit such as patients using the incorrect dose or inhaler, lack of understanding on how the inhaler worked, requests for spare inhalers, absence/lack of using an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and worsening asthma.
Discussion/Conclusion
The audit successfully identified reasons for SABA overuse and using the multidisciplinary team to educate patients and optimise medication where needed. Following this audit, the practice has reviewed cohorts of patients that are at high risk of exacerbations and implemented quarterly safety searches to highlight these for review on a regular basis. Two further audits were also identified to improve practice in line with updated national guidance; patients prescribed a SABA alone without an ICS and patients prescribed a Long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) alone without an ICS.
References
1. Royal College of Physicians. Why asthma still kills: the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD) Confidential Enquiry report.2014. [cited 2022 Jul 15] Available from: http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/default/files/why-asthma-still-kills-full-report.pdf .
2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management [internet]. [London] NICE; 2017 [updated 2021 Nov; cited 2022 Jul 15]. NICE Guideline 80 [NG80] Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng80/chapter/Recommendations-for-research
3. British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network. SIGN 158 - The British Guideline on the Management of Asthma. 2019. [Internet]. [London] [cited 2022 July 15]. Available from: https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/quality-improvement/guidelines/asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yahya
- Our Health Partnership, Birmingham
| | | | - M Nifel
- Ridgacre House Surgery, Birmingham
| | - G Singh
- Ridgacre House Surgery, Birmingham
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Myagmardorj R, Nabeta T, Hirasawa K, Singh G, Van Der Kley F, De Weger A, Ajmone Marsan N, J Bax J, Delgado V. The impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on right ventricular dysfunction and remodeling after aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and has been associated with a poor prognosis after both transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). Since COPD is associated with an increase in right ventricular (RV) afterload, some studies already suggested that COPD causes RV dysfunction (RVD) and dilatation. On the other hand, RVD and remodeling can also occur due to chronic pressure overload secondary to the AS itself. However, there is no data that studied RVD and remodeling in AVR recipients in terms of COPD severity.
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the impact of COPD on RVD and remodeling in patients with severe AS undergoing AVR before AVR and at 1-year follow-up, as well as the association between COPD severity and all-cause mortality.
Methods
Patients with severe AS who received either transcatheter or surgical AVR were included. Patients' demographic data, medical history and documented spirometry data were carefully collected, while two-dimensional and speckle tracking echocardiography measurements were performed according to recommended guidelines to evaluate RV systolic function and RV size. RVD was defined as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) ≤17mm. RV dilatation was defined by RV mid cavity >35 mm, RV basal diameter >42mm, and RV longitudinal diameter >83mm. RV wall thickness above 5mm was considered as RV hypertrophy. Diagnosis of COPD was determined by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons' definition based on forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV 1<75%, cut-off for COPD). The primary outcome was all-cause death at 1-year.
Results
A total of 293 patients (78.0 years, 58.4% male) were included. RVD was detected in 54 (18.4%) patients, while 55 (18.8%) patients had mild COPD and 43 (14.7%) patients had moderate or severe COPD. At 1-year follow-up, the prevalence of RVD significantly increased (18.4% versus 23.6%, p=0.004). Compared to baseline, RV free wall strain of lateral basal segment (p=0.046), TAPSE (p<0.0001) and tricuspid regurgitation gradient (p=0.018) impaired whereas RV wall thickness (p=0.014), RV diameter index of lateral basal segment (p<0.0001), and RV diameter index of lateral mid segment (p<0.0001) increased, respectively. At 1-year follow-up, 33 patients died (Figure 1). On multivariate cox regression analysis, RVD (hazard ratio (HR) 2.781, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.172–6.598; p=0.020) as well as mild (HR 4.695, 95% CI 1.787–12.336; p=0.002) and moderate-severe COPD (HR 4.725, 95% CI 1.717–13.006; p=0.003) were significantly associated with the endpoint (Table 1).
Conclusions
The prevalence of RVD significantly increased and it deteriorated at 1-year after AVR. RV remodeling observed more at lateral basal and mid segments of RV as well as wall thickness. RV dysfunction and COPD were the strongest predictors of mortality in this population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Myagmardorj
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - T Nabeta
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - K Hirasawa
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - G Singh
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - F Van Der Kley
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - A De Weger
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | | | - J J Bax
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - V Delgado
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
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Myagmardorj RIN, Nabeta T, Hirasawa K, Singh G, Van Der Kley F, De Weger A, Ajmone Marsan N, J Bax J, Delgado V. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and all-cause mortality after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and aortic stenosis (AS) are the most common diseases in aging population that their prevalence and percental change in mortality increase over the years. In severe AS, aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only treatment that has demonstrated to improve survival, however the presence of comorbidities increases the operative risk and influences negatively on the outcomes after AVR. Therefore, the definition of COPD varies across the studies and is not always based on the use of pulmonary functional tests. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between pulmonary functional parameters and all-cause mortality after AVR in a large cohort of patients with severe AS.
Methods
Total of 400 patients (78.0 year-old, 56.7% men) with severe AS and documented preoperative pulmonary functional test (PFT) were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from electronic medical records while echocardiography was performed and measured according to the recommendations. PFTs were performed prior to AVR and categories defined in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Adult Cardiac Surgery Database: normal pulmonary function was defined by an FEV1 >75% of predicted; mild COPD if FEV1 was 60–75% of predicted; moderate COPD if FEV1 was 50–59% of predicted and severe COPD when FEV1 <50% of predicted.
Results
Mild, moderate and severe COPD were documented in 75 (19%), 31 (8%) and 22 (5%) while the remaining 68% had normal PFTs. Patients with moderate and severe COPD had significantly larger LV mass and LV end-systolic volume whereas LV ejection fraction was significantly lower. The FVC, FEV1, Tiffeneau index, VC, PEF, and IC were the worst among patients with moderate and severe COPD (per definition) (p<0.0001). Over a median follow-up of 32 months, 92 (23%) patients died. The survival rates were significantly lower in patients with moderate and severe COPD (Log rank p=0.003, Figure 1). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, some clinical factors and COPD were independently associated with all-cause mortality (table 1). Remarkably, any grade of COPD was associated with 2-fold increased risk of all cause-mortality (HR 1.933; 95% CI 1.166–3.204; p=0.011 for mild COPD and HR 2.028; 95% CI 1.154–3.564; p=0.014 for moderate/ severe COPD, separately).
Conclusion
Patients with moderate and severe COPD had higher LV hypertrophy and reduced LV ejection fraction while PFT parameters were the worst among these patients. The survival rates were significantly lower in patients with moderate and severe COPD compared with patients without COPD. In addition to other clinical factors, any grade of COPD was associated with 2-fold increased risk of all cause-mortality.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Nabeta
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - K Hirasawa
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - G Singh
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - F Van Der Kley
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - A De Weger
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | | | - J J Bax
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - V Delgado
- Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
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Pandit C, Alajangi HK, Singh J, Khajuria A, Sharma A, Hassan MS, Parida M, Semwal AD, Gopalan N, Sharma RK, Suttee A, Soni U, Singh B, Sapra S, Barnwal RP, Singh G, Kaur IP. Development of magnetic nanoparticle assisted aptamer-quantum dot based biosensor for the detection of Escherichia coli in water samples. Sci Total Environ 2022; 831:154857. [PMID: 35351510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of food and potable water with microorganisms may cause food-borne and water-borne diseases. The common contaminants include Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella sp. etc. The conventional methods for monitoring the water quality for the presence of bacterial contaminants are time-consuming, expensive, and not suitable for rapid on-spot detection in field conditions. In the current study, super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized and conjugated with E. coli specific Aptamer I to detect E. coli cells qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The sludge consisting of E. coli- SPION complex was separated via magnetic separation. The presence of E. coli cells was confirmed with the help of standard techniques and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) employing Aptamer II conjugated CdTe-MPA quantum dots (QDs). Finally, an ATmega 328P prototype biosensor based on Aptamer II conjugated CdTe MPA QDs exhibited quantitative and qualitative abilities to detect E.coli. This prototype biosensor can even detect low bacterial counts (up to 1 × 102 cfu) with the help of a photodiode and plano-convex lens. Further, the prototype biosensor made up of ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV LED), liquid crystal display (LCD) and ATmega328Pmicrocontroller offers on-spot detection of E.coli in water samples with high resolution and sensitivity. Similarly, this in-house developed prototype biosensor can also be utilized to detect bacterial contamination in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitvan Pandit
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hema Kumari Alajangi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Joga Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhil Khajuria
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Md Samim Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Natarajan Gopalan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ashish Suttee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Udit Soni
- Department Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sameer Sapra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Thakur A, Jain S, Pant A, Sharma A, Kumar R, Singla N, Suttee A, Kumar S, Barnwal RP, Katare OP, Singh G. Cyclodextrin Derivative Enhances the Ophthalmic Delivery of Poorly Soluble Azithromycin. ACS Omega 2022; 7:23050-23060. [PMID: 35847282 PMCID: PMC9280958 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM), a macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis, is less effective for the treatment of this disease due to its poor bioavailability (38%). Various alternatives have been developed for improving the physicochemical properties (i.e., solubility) of the AZM without much success. To overcome the problems associated with AZM, an inclusion complex employing a modified cyclodextrin, i.e., sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD), was prepared and characterized by phase solubility studies and PXRD techniques. The results portrayed the formation of an inclusion complex of AZM with SBE-β-CD in 1:2 molar stoichiometric ratios. This inclusion complex was later incorporated into a polymer matrix to prepare an in situ gel. Various combinations of Carbopol 934P and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) polymers were used and evaluated by rheological and in vitro drug release studies. The optimized formulation (F4) containing Carbopol 934P (0.2% w/v) and HPMC K4M (0.2% w/v) was evaluated for clarity, pH, gelling capacity, drug content, rheological properties, in vitro drug release pattern, ocular irritation test, and antimicrobial efficacy. Finally, owing to the improved antimicrobial efficacy and increased residence time, the AZM:SBE-β-CD in situ gel was found to be a promising formulation for the efficient treatment of bacterial ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Thakur
- Lachoo
Memorial College of Science and Technology, Jodhpur 342001, India
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sourabh Jain
- Lachoo
Memorial College of Science and Technology, Jodhpur 342001, India
| | - Anjali Pant
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
- Department
of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department
of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashish Suttee
- Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab 144411, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department
of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
- National
Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S.
P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ravi P. Barnwal
- Department
of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Chapel A, Garg K, Zlochiver V, Peterson M, Plautz D, Kram J, Singh G, Port S, Galazka P. 501 Differences In Patient Characteristics And Coronary Calcium Score Computed Tomography In Self-referred Versus Physician-referred Population In A Large Midwestern Healthcare Network. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dhas N, Pastagia M, Sharma A, Khera A, Kudarha R, Kulkarni S, Soman S, Mutalik S, Barnwal RP, Singh G, Patel M. Organic quantum dots: An ultrasmall nanoplatform for cancer theranostics. J Control Release 2022; 348:798-824. [PMID: 35752250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumours are the second leading cause of death globally, generating alterations in biological interactions and, as a result, malfunctioning of crucial genetic traits. Technological advancements have made it possible to identify tumours at the cellular level, making transcriptional gene variations and other genetic variables more easily investigated. Standard chemotherapy is seen as a non-specific treatment that has the potential to destroy healthy cells while also causing systemic toxicity in individuals. As a result, developing new technologies has become a pressing necessity. QDs are semiconductor particles with diameters ranging from 2 to 10 nanometers. QDs have grabbed the interest of many researchers due to their unique characteristics, including compact size, large surface area, surface charges, and precise targeting. QD-based drug carriers are well known among the many nanocarriers. Using QDs as a delivery approach enhances solubility, lengthens retention time, and reduces the harmful effects of loaded medicines. Several varieties of quantum dots used in drug administration are discussed in this article, along with their chemical and physical characteristics and manufacturing methods. Furthermore, it discusses the role of QDs in biological, medicinal, and theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Monarch Pastagia
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Alisha Khera
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ritu Kudarha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Soji Soman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Mital Patel
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India.
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Singh G, Sehgal M, Marder B, Lamoreaux B, Mithal A. POS1166 GOUT AND SERIOUS KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE US: A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThere is a strong association between gout and kidney disease due to the kidney’s key role in uric acid excretion.1-4 Several studies have also demonstrated that serum uric acid is an independent risk factor for decline in renal function1,2. There are little national data available regarding the clinical burden of kidney disease in gout patients in the US.ObjectivesTo estimate the percentage of US hospitalizations with a concomitant diagnosis of gout and either acute or chronic kidney disease compared with percentage of hospitalizations with kidney disease in the general population.MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) is a stratified random sample of all US community hospitals. It is the only US national hospital database with information on all patients, regardless of payer, including persons covered by Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, and the uninsured. Detailed information including clinical and nonclinical data elements on each hospital stay including International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 diagnosis, age, gender, length of stay, payer, charges, and comorbidities etc. is available.We examined all hospitalizations with acute renal failure (ICD10 codes N170-179), chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 (ICD10 codes N183-185), N19 (unspecified kidney failure), and end-stage renal disease (ICD10 code N186) in persons with gout (ICD 10 codes M10.* and M1A.*) and compared these with hospitalizations with kidney disease in the general US population.ResultsIn 2019, there were 35.4 million all-cause hospitalizations in the US. Of these, 7.9 million had a diagnosis of serious kidney disease (22.3%). There were 915,070 hospitalizations with primary or secondary diagnosis of gout in the US (mean age 70.8 years, 68.4% men and 31.6% women). Of these 533,365 hospitalizations (mean age 72.6 years, 65.9% men) also had a concomitant diagnosis of serious kidney disease (58.3%, p<0.0001 compared to general population).Concomitant diagnosis of serious kidney disease increased with age, reaching 38.3% of all hospitalizations in 65 years and older in the general population compared to 62.5% in persons with gout (p<0.001).Table 1.Kidney disease-related hospitalization in the US general and gout populations.GENERAL US HOSPITALIZATIONSUS HOSPITALIZATIONS WITH COMORBID GOUTPatient AgeOverall HospitalizationsNHospitalizations with Serious Kidney Diseasen (%)Overall HospitalizationsNHospitalizations with Serious Kidney Disease n (%)18-44 years8,356,284622,170 (7.4%)32,44513,480 (41.5%)45-64 years8,440,8312,160,220 (25.6%)232,695116,490 (50.1%)≥65 years13,421,1545,257,220 (39.2%)649,865414,620 (83.8%)Total in 201935,419,0237,907,730 (22.3%)915,070533,365 (58.3%)Note: Total numbers include patients 0-17 years old.ConclusionAcute and chronic kidney disease are highly prevalent comorbid conditions in overall US hospitalizations. Among patients admitted with a diagnosis of gout, the proportion of kidney dysfunction is significantly higher affecting 58% of these hospitalizations. The high prevalence of kidney dysfunction in hospitalized gout patients in the US may represent an impactful component to the duration, complexity, and costs of hospital care.References[1]Jung SW, et al. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020;318:F1327-40.[2]Obermayr RP, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;19:2407-13.[3]Roughley MJ, et al. Arthritis Res Ther 2015;17:90.[4]Juraschek SP, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013;42:551-61.Disclosure of InterestsGurkirpal Singh Grant/research support from: Horizon Therapeutics (unrestricted research grant), Maanek Sehgal: None declared, Brad Marder Shareholder of: Horizon Therapeutics, Employee of: Horizon Therapeutics, Brian LaMoreaux Shareholder of: Horizon Therapeutics, Employee of: Horizon Therapeutics, Alka Mithal: None declared
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Alajangi HK, Kaur M, Sharma A, Rana S, Thakur S, Chatterjee M, Singla N, Jaiswal PK, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Blood-brain barrier: emerging trends on transport models and new-age strategies for therapeutics intervention against neurological disorders. Mol Brain 2022; 15:49. [PMID: 35650613 PMCID: PMC9158215 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for normal central nervous system (CNS) functioning. Considering the significance of BBB in maintaining homeostasis and the neural environment, we aim to provide an overview of significant aspects of BBB. Worldwide, the treatment of neurological diseases caused by BBB disruption has been a major challenge. BBB also restricts entry of neuro-therapeutic drugs and hinders treatment modalities. Hence, currently nanotechnology-based approaches are being explored on large scale as alternatives to conventional methodologies. It is necessary to investigate the in-depth characteristic features of BBB to facilitate the discovery of novel drugs that can successfully cross the barrier and target the disease effectively. It is imperative to discover novel strategies to treat life-threatening CNS diseases in humans. Therefore, insights regarding building blocks of BBB, activation of immune response on breach of this barrier, and various autoimmune neurological disorders caused due to BBB dysfunction are discussed. Further, special emphasis is given on delineating BBB disruption leading to CNS disorders. Moreover, various mechanisms of transport pathways across BBB, several novel strategies, and alternative routes by which drugs can be properly delivered into CNS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kumari Alajangi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sumedh Rana
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shipali Thakur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Singh G, Chanda R. Study of factors leading to poor sleep among management students. CM 2022. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.22.258267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is the most important but often neglected element of an individual’s overall health and well-being. Lack of sleep or poor sleep can adversely affect health in an individual and lead to various diseases. At the same time, sleep problems are not uncommon among students. The factors leading to poor sleep among management students who have a comparatively tight schedule are still unclear. The paper aims to understand the factors leading to poor sleep among management students. The study has been focused on the management students (MBA’s) studying in the different management colleges of the state of Maharashtra. A total of 297 management students were surveyed. Apart from factor analysis, the Kessler distress scale was used for Measuring Psychological distress.52% of the respondents fell in the category of likely to have a mental disorder. Managements can draw inference from this and implement strategies to make sure this number reduces.
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Irrinki R, Pachimatla A, Khare S, Laroiya I, Singh G. 129P Effect of intra-operative and post operative topical tranexamic acid on the duration and the volume of the intra-operative drain in patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Shen Y, Borgatta J, Ma C, Singh G, Tamez C, Schultes NP, Zhang Z, Dhankher OP, Elmer WH, He L, Hamers RJ, White JC. Role of Foliar Biointerface Properties and Nanomaterial Chemistry in Controlling Cu Transfer into Wild-Type and Mutant Arabidopsis thaliana Leaf Tissue. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:4267-4278. [PMID: 35362318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seven Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with differences in cuticle thickness and stomatal density were foliar exposed to 50 mg L-1 Cu3(PO4)2 nanosheets (NS), CuO NS, CuO nanoparticles, and CuSO4. Three separate fractions of Cu (surface-attached, cuticle, interior leaf) were isolated from the leaf at 0.25, 2, 4, and 8 h. Cu transfer from the surface through the cuticle and into the leaf varied with mutant and particle type. The Cu content on the surface decreased significantly over 8 h but increased in the cuticle. Cu derived from the ionic form had the greatest cuticle concentration, suggesting greater difficulty in moving across this barrier and into the leaf. Leaf Cu in the increased-stomatal mutants was 8.5-44.9% greater than the decreased stomatal mutants, and abscisic acid to close the stomata decreased Cu in the leaf. This demonstrates the importance of nanomaterial entry through the stomata and enables the optimization of materials for nanoenabled agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- The NSF Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jaya Borgatta
- The NSF Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- The NSF Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Gurpal Singh
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Carlos Tamez
- The NSF Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Neil P Schultes
- The NSF Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Wade H Elmer
- The NSF Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Lili He
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Robert J Hamers
- The NSF Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jason C White
- The NSF Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
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Wadhawan A, Singh J, Sharma H, Handa S, Singh G, Kumar R, Barnwal RP, Pal Kaur I, Chatterjee M. Anticancer Biosurfactant-Loaded PLA-PEG Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis in Human MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. ACS Omega 2022; 7:5231-5241. [PMID: 35187338 PMCID: PMC8851644 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite various advancements in cancer therapies, treating cancer efficiently without side effects is still a major concern for researchers. Anticancer drugs from natural sources need to be explored as a replacement for chemo drugs to overcome their limitations. In our previous studies, isolation, characterization, and anticancer properties of a novel biosurfactant from Candida parapsilosis were reported. In this study, we report the cytotoxicity of the polymeric nanoparticles of this novel biosurfactant toward breast cancer cells. Biosurfactant-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles of polylactic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) copolymers were synthesized by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Folic acid (FA) was used as a targeting ligand to actively deliver the anticancer cargo to the cancer site. The encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles was observed as 84.9%, and Fickian diffusion was observed as a kinetic model for the release of biosurfactant from nanoparticles. The controlled delivery of the biosurfactant was noticed when encapsulated in PLA-PEG copolymer nanoparticles. Additionally, it was observed that FA enhanced the uptake and cytotoxicity of biosurfactant-loaded nanoparticles in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells compared to biosurfactant-loaded plain nanoparticles. Induction of apoptosis was observed in cancer cells by these nanoparticles. We explore a potential anticancer agent that can be further analyzed for its efficiency and can be used as an alternative tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishani Wadhawan
- Biotechnology
Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Joga Singh
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Himani Sharma
- Department
of Zoology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shristi Handa
- Biotechnology
Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department
of Zoology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravi Pratap Barnwal
- Department
of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Biotechnology
Branch, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
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50
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Wymant C, Bezemer D, Blanquart F, Ferretti L, Gall A, Hall M, Golubchik T, Bakker M, Ong SH, Zhao L, Bonsall D, de Cesare M, MacIntyre-Cockett G, Abeler-Dörner L, Albert J, Bannert N, Fellay J, Grabowski MK, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Günthard HF, Kivelä P, Kouyos RD, Laeyendecker O, Meyer L, Porter K, Ristola M, van Sighem A, Berkhout B, Kellam P, Cornelissen M, Reiss P, Fraser C, Aubert V, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Böni J, Braun DL, Bucher HC, Burton-Jeangros C, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Gorgievski M, Günthard H, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Kahlert C, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kouyos R, Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, de Tejada BM, Marzolini C, Metzner K, Müller N, Nadal D, Nicca D, Pantaleo G, Rauch A, Regenass S, Rudin C, Schöni-Affolter F, Schmid P, Speck R, Stöckle M, Tarr P, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Weber R, Yerly S, van der Valk M, Geerlings SE, Goorhuis A, Hovius JW, Lempkes B, Nellen FJB, van der Poll T, Prins JM, Reiss P, van Vugt M, Wiersinga WJ, Wit FWMN, van Duinen M, van Eden J, Hazenberg A, van Hes AMH, Rajamanoharan S, Robinson T, Taylor B, Brewer C, Mayr C, Schmidt W, Speidel A, Strohbach F, Arastéh K, Cordes C, Pijnappel FJJ, Stündel M, Claus J, Baumgarten A, Carganico A, Ingiliz P, Dupke S, Freiwald M, Rausch M, Moll A, Schleehauf D, Smalhout SY, Hintsche B, Klausen G, Jessen H, Jessen A, Köppe S, Kreckel P, Schranz D, Fischer K, Schulbin H, Speer M, Weijsenfeld AM, Glaunsinger T, Wicke T, Bieniek B, Hillenbrand H, Schlote F, Lauenroth-Mai E, Schuler C, Schürmann D, Wesselmann H, Brockmeyer N, Jurriaans S, Gehring P, Schmalöer D, Hower M, Spornraft-Ragaller P, Häussinger D, Reuter S, Esser S, Markus R, Kreft B, Berzow D, Back NKT, Christl A, Meyer A, Plettenberg A, Stoehr A, Graefe K, Lorenzen T, Adam A, Schewe K, Weitner L, Fenske S, Zaaijer HL, Hansen S, Stellbrink HJ, Wiemer D, Hertling S, Schmidt R, Arbter P, Claus B, Galle P, Jäger H, Jä Gel-Guedes E, Berkhout B, Postel N, Fröschl M, Spinner C, Bogner J, Salzberger B, Schölmerich J, Audebert F, Marquardt T, Schaffert A, Schnaitmann E, Cornelissen MTE, Trein A, Frietsch B, Müller M, Ulmer A, Detering-Hübner B, Kern P, Schubert F, Dehn G, Schreiber M, Güler C, Schinkel CJ, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Schmidt D, Meixenberger K, Bannert N, Wolthers KC, Peters EJG, van Agtmael MA, Autar RS, Bomers M, Sigaloff KCE, Heitmuller M, Laan LM, Ang CW, van Houdt R, Jonges M, Kuijpers TW, Pajkrt D, Scherpbier HJ, de Boer C, van der Plas A, van den Berge M, Stegeman A, Baas S, Hage de Looff L, Buiting A, Reuwer A, Veenemans J, Wintermans B, Pronk MJH, Ammerlaan HSM, van den Bersselaar DNJ, de Munnik ES, Deiman B, Jansz AR, Scharnhorst V, Tjhie J, Wegdam MCA, van Eeden A, Nellen J, Brokking W, Elsenburg LJM, Nobel H, van Kasteren MEE, Berrevoets MAH, Brouwer AE, Adams A, van Erve R, de Kruijf-van de Wiel BAFM, Keelan-Phaf S, van de Ven B, van der Ven B, Buiting AGM, Murck JL, de Vries-Sluijs TEMS, Bax HI, van Gorp ECM, de Jong-Peltenburg NC, de Mendonç A Melo M, van Nood E, Nouwen JL, Rijnders BJA, Rokx C, Schurink CAM, Slobbe L, Verbon A, Bassant N, van Beek JEA, Vriesde M, van Zonneveld LM, de Groot J, Boucher CAB, Koopmans MPG, van Kampen JJA, Fraaij PLA, van Rossum AMC, Vermont CL, van der Knaap LC, Visser E, Branger J, Douma RA, Cents-Bosma AS, Duijf-van de Ven CJHM, Schippers EF, van Nieuwkoop C, van Ijperen JM, Geilings J, van der Hut G, van Burgel ND, Leyten EMS, Gelinck LBS, Mollema F, Davids-Veldhuis S, Tearno C, Wildenbeest GS, Heikens E, Groeneveld PHP, Bouwhuis JW, Lammers AJJ, Kraan S, van Hulzen AGW, Kruiper MSM, van der Bliek GL, Bor PCJ, Debast SB, Wagenvoort GHJ, Kroon FP, de Boer MGJ, Jolink H, Lambregts MMC, Roukens AHE, Scheper H, Dorama W, van Holten N, Claas ECJ, Wessels E, den Hollander JG, El Moussaoui R, Pogany K, Brouwer CJ, Smit JV, Struik-Kalkman D, van Niekerk T, Pontesilli O, Lowe SH, Oude Lashof AML, Posthouwer D, van Wolfswinkel ME, Ackens RP, Burgers K, Schippers J, Weijenberg-Maes B, van Loo IHM, Havenith TRA, van Vonderen MGA, Kampschreur LM, Faber S, Steeman-Bouma R, Al Moujahid A, Kootstra GJ, Delsing CE, van der Burg-van de Plas M, Scheiberlich L, Kortmann W, van Twillert G, Renckens R, Ruiter-Pronk D, van Truijen-Oud FA, Cohen Stuart JWT, Jansen ER, Hoogewerf M, Rozemeijer W, van der Reijden WA, Sinnige JC, Brinkman K, van den Berk GEL, Blok WL, Lettinga KD, de Regt M, Schouten WEM, Stalenhoef JE, Veenstra J, Vrouenraets SME, Blaauw H, Geerders GF, Kleene MJ, Kok M, Knapen M, van der Meché IB, Mulder-Seeleman E, Toonen AJM, Wijnands S, Wttewaal E, Kwa D, van Crevel R, van Aerde K, Dofferhoff ASM, Henriet SSV, Ter Hofstede HJM, Hoogerwerf J, Keuter M, Richel O, Albers M, Grintjes-Huisman KJT, de Haan M, Marneef M, Strik-Albers R, Rahamat-Langendoen J, Stelma FF, Burger D, Gisolf EH, Hassing RJ, Claassen M, Ter Beest G, van Bentum PHM, Langebeek N, Tiemessen R, Swanink CMA, van Lelyveld SFL, Soetekouw R, van der Prijt LMM, van der Swaluw J, Bermon N, van der Reijden WA, Jansen R, Herpers BL, Veenendaal D, Verhagen DWM, Lauw FN, van Broekhuizen MC, van Wijk M, Bierman WFW, Bakker M, Kleinnijenhuis J, Kloeze E, Middel A, Postma DF, Schölvinck EH, Stienstra Y, Verhage AR, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Boonstra A, de Groot-de Jonge H, van der Meulen PA, de Weerd DA, Niesters HGM, van Leer-Buter CC, Knoester M, Hoepelman AIM, Arends JE, Barth RE, Bruns AHW, Ellerbroek PM, Mudrikova T, Oosterheert JJ, Schadd EM, van Welzen BJ, Aarsman K, Griffioen-van Santen BMG, de Kroon I, van Berkel M, van Rooijen CSAM, Schuurman R, Verduyn-Lunel F, Wensing AMJ, Bont LJ, Geelen SPM, Loeffen YGT, Wolfs TFW, Nauta N, Rooijakkers EOW, Holtsema H, Voigt R, van de Wetering D, Alberto A, van der Meer I, Rosingh A, Halaby T, Zaheri S, Boyd AC, Bezemer DO, van Sighem AI, Smit C, Hillebregt M, de Jong A, Woudstra T, Bergsma D, Meijering R, van de Sande L, Rutkens T, van der Vliet S, de Groot L, van den Akker M, Bakker Y, El Berkaoui A, Bezemer M, Brétin N, Djoechro E, Groters M, Kruijne E, Lelivelt KJ, Lodewijk C, Lucas E, Munjishvili L, Paling F, Peeck B, Ree C, Regtop R, Ruijs Y, Schoorl M, Schnörr P, Scheigrond A, Tuijn E, Veenenberg L, Visser KM, Witte EC, Ruijs Y, Van Frankenhuijsen M, Allegre T, Makhloufi D, Livrozet JM, Chiarello P, Godinot M, Brunel-Dalmas F, Gibert S, Trepo C, Peyramond D, Miailhes P, Koffi J, Thoirain V, Brochier C, Baudry T, Pailhes S, Lafeuillade A, Philip G, Hittinger G, Assi A, Lambry V, Rosenthal E, Naqvi A, Dunais B, Cua E, Pradier C, Durant J, Joulie A, Quinsat D, Tempesta S, Ravaux I, Martin IP, Faucher O, Cloarec N, Champagne H, Pichancourt G, Morlat P, Pistone T, Bonnet F, Mercie P, Faure I, Hessamfar M, Malvy D, Lacoste D, Pertusa MC, Vandenhende MA, Bernard N, Paccalin F, Martell C, Roger-Schmelz J, Receveur MC, Duffau P, Dondia D, Ribeiro E, Caltado S, Neau D, Dupont M, Dutronc H, Dauchy F, Cazanave C, Vareil MO, Wirth G, Le Puil S, Pellegrin JL, Raymond I, Viallard JF, Chaigne de Lalande S, Garipuy D, Delobel P, Obadia M, Cuzin L, Alvarez M, Biezunski N, Porte L, Massip P, Debard A, Balsarin F, Lagarrigue M, Prevoteau du Clary F, Aquilina C, Reynes J, Baillat V, Merle C, Lemoing V, Atoui N, Makinson A, Jacquet JM, Psomas C, Tramoni C, Aumaitre H, Saada M, Medus M, Malet M, Eden A, Neuville S, Ferreyra M, Sotto A, Barbuat C, Rouanet I, Leureillard D, Mauboussin JM, Lechiche C, Donsesco R, Cabie A, Abel S, Pierre-Francois S, Batala AS, Cerland C, Rangom C, Theresine N, Hoen B, Lamaury I, Fabre I, Schepers K, Curlier E, Ouissa R, Gaud C, Ricaud C, Rodet R, Wartel G, Sautron C, Beck-Wirth G, Michel C, Beck C, Halna JM, Kowalczyk J, Benomar M, Drobacheff-Thiebaut C, Chirouze C, Faucher JF, Parcelier F, Foltzer A, Haffner-Mauvais C, Hustache Mathieu M, Proust A, Piroth L, Chavanet P, Duong M, Buisson M, Waldner A, Mahy S, Gohier S, Croisier D, May T, Delestan M, Andre M, Zadeh MM, Martinot M, Rosolen B, Pachart A, Martha B, Jeunet N, Rey D, Cheneau C, Partisani M, Priester M, Bernard-Henry C, Batard ML, Fischer P, Berger JL, Kmiec I, Robineau O, Huleux T, Ajana F, Alcaraz I, Allienne C, Baclet V, Meybeck A, Valette M, Viget N, Aissi E, Biekre R, Cornavin P, Merrien D, Seghezzi JC, Machado M, Diab G, Raffi F, Bonnet B, Allavena C, Grossi O, Reliquet V, Billaud E, Brunet C, Bouchez S, Morineau-Le Houssine P, Sauser F, Boutoille D, Besnier M, Hue H, Hall N, Brosseau D, Souala F, Michelet C, Tattevin P, Arvieux C, Revest M, Leroy H, Chapplain JM, Dupont M, Fily F, Patra-Delo S, Lefeuvre C, Bernard L, Bastides F, Nau P, Verdon R, de la Blanchardiere A, Martin A, Feret P, Geffray L, Daniel C, Rohan J, Fialaire P, Chennebault JM, Rabier V, Abgueguen P, Rehaiem S, Luycx O, Niault M, Moreau P, Poinsignon Y, Goussef M, Mouton-Rioux V, Houlbert D, Alvarez-Huve S, Barbe F, Haret S, Perre P, Leantez-Nainville S, Esnault JL, Guimard T, Suaud I, Girard JJ, Simonet V, Debab Y, Schmit JL, Jacomet C, Weinberck P, Genet C, Pinet P, Ducroix S, Durox H, Denes É, Abraham B, Gourdon F, Antoniotti O, Molina JM, Ferret S, Lascoux-Combe C, Lafaurie M, Colin de Verdiere N, Ponscarme D, De Castro N, Aslan A, Rozenbaum W, Pintado C, Clavel F, Taulera O, Gatey C, Munier AL, Gazaigne S, Penot P, Conort G, Lerolle N, Leplatois A, Balausine S, Delgado J, Timsit J, Tabet M, Gerard L, Girard PM, Picard O, Tredup J, Bollens D, Valin N, Campa P, Bottero J, Lefebvre B, Tourneur M, Fonquernie L, Wemmert C, Lagneau JL, Yazdanpanah Y, Phung B, Pinto A, Vallois D, Cabras O, Louni F, Pialoux G, Lyavanc T, Berrebi V, Chas J, Lenagat S, Rami A, Diemer M, Parrinello M, Depond A, Salmon D, Guillevin L, Tahi T, Belarbi L, Loulergue P, Zak Dit Zbar O, Launay O, Silbermann B, Leport C, Alagna L, Pietri MP, Simon A, Bonmarchand M, Amirat N, Pichon F, Kirstetter M, Katlama C, Valantin MA, Tubiana R, Caby F, Schneider L, Ktorza N, Calin R, Merlet A, Ben Abdallah S, Weiss L, Buisson M, Batisse D, Karmochine M, Pavie J, Minozzi C, Jayle D, Castel P, Derouineau J, Kousignan P, Eliazevitch M, Pierre I, Collias L, Viard JP, Gilquin J, Sobel A, Slama L, Ghosn J, Hadacek B, Thu-Huyn N, Nait-Ighil L, Cros A, Maignan A, Duvivier C, Consigny PH, Lanternier F, Shoai-Tehrani M, Touam F, Jerbi S, Bodard L, Jung C, Goujard C, Quertainmont Y, Duracinsky M, Segeral O, Blanc A, Peretti D, Cheret A, Chantalat C, Dulucq MJ, Levy Y, Lelievre JD, Lascaux AS, Dumont C, Boue F, Chambrin V, Abgrall S, Kansau I, Raho-Moussa M, De Truchis P, Dinh A, Davido B, Marigot D, Berthe H, Devidas A, Chevojon P, Chabrol A, Agher N, Lemercier Y, Chaix F, Turpault I, Bouchaud O, Honore P, Rouveix E, Reimann E, Belan AG, Godin Collet C, Souak S, Mortier E, Bloch M, Simonpoli AM, Manceron V, Cahitte I, Hiraux E, Lafon E, Cordonnier F, Zeng AF, Zucman D, Majerholc C, Bornarel D, Uludag A, Gellen-Dautremer J, Lefort A, Bazin C, Daneluzzi V, Gerbe J, Jeantils V, Coupard M, Patey O, Bantsimba J, Delllion S, Paz PC, Cazenave B, Richier L, Garrait V, Delacroix I, Elharrar B, Vittecoq D, Bolliot C, Lepretre A, Genet P, Masse V, Perrone V, Boussard JL, Chardon P, Froguel E, Simon P, Tassi S, Avettand Fenoel V, Barin F, Bourgeois C, Cardon F, Chaix ML, Delfraissy JF, Essat A, Fischer H, Lecuroux C, Meyer L, Petrov-Sanchez V, Rouzioux C, Saez-Cirion A, Seng R, Kuldanek K, Mullaney S, Young C, Zucchetti A, Bevan MA, McKernan S, Wandolo E, Richardson C, Youssef E, Green P, Faulkner S, Faville R, Herman S, Care C, Blackman H, Bellenger K, Fairbrother K, Phillips A, Babiker A, Delpech V, Fidler S, Clarke M, Fox J, Gilson R, Goldberg D, Hawkins D, Johnson A, Johnson M, McLean K, Nastouli E, Post F, Kennedy N, Pritchard J, Andrady U, Rajda N, Donnelly C, McKernan S, Drake S, Gilleran G, White D, Ross J, Harding J, Faville R, Sweeney J, Flegg P, Toomer S, Wilding H, Woodward R, Dean G, Richardson C, Perry N, Gompels M, Jennings L, Bansaal D, Browing M, Connolly L, Stanley B, Estreich S, Magdy A, O'Mahony C, Fraser P, Jebakumar SPR, David L, Mette R, Summerfield H, Evans M, White C, Robertson R, Lean C, Morris S, Winter A, Faulkner S, Goorney B, Howard L, Fairley I, Stemp C, Short L, Gomez M, Young F, Roberts M, Green S, Sivakumar K, Minton J, Siminoni A, Calderwood J, Greenhough D, DeSouza C, Muthern L, Orkin C, Murphy S, Truvedi M, McLean K, Hawkins D, Higgs C, Moyes A, Antonucci S, McCormack S, Lynn W, Bevan M, Fox J, Teague A, Anderson J, Mguni S, Post F, Campbell L, Mazhude C, Russell H, Gilson R, Carrick G, Ainsworth J, Waters A, Byrne P, Johnson M, Fidler S, Kuldanek K, Mullaney S, Lawlor V, Melville R, Sukthankar A, Thorpe S, Murphy C, Wilkins E, Ahmad S, Green P, Tayal S, Ong E, Meaden J, Riddell L, Loay D, Peacock K, Blackman H, Harindra V, Saeed AM, Allen S, Natarajan U, Williams O, Lacey H, Care C, Bowman C, Herman S, Devendra SV, Wither J, Bridgwood A, Singh G, Bushby S, Kellock D, Young S, Rooney G, Snart B, Currie J, Fitzgerald M, Arumainayyagam J, Chandramani S. A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands. Science 2022; 375:540-545. [PMID: 35113714 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log10 increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Wymant
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - François Blanquart
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Astrid Gall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Hall
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanya Golubchik
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margreet Bakker
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Swee Hoe Ong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lele Zhao
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Bonsall
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariateresa de Cesare
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George MacIntyre-Cockett
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucie Abeler-Dörner
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Division for HIV and Other Retroviruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Kate Grabowski
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pia Kivelä
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger D Kouyos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM CESP U1018, Université Paris Saclay, APHP, Service de Santé Publique, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Kholoud Porter
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matti Ristola
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab Ltd., Cambridge, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marion Cornelissen
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Reiss
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christophe Fraser
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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