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Kamenická B, Kuchtová G. Critical review on electrooxidation and chemical reduction of azo dyes: Economic approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142799. [PMID: 38986779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Effective degradation technologies have been extensively investigated and used to remove azo dyes from wastewater for decades. However, no review dealing with both electrooxidation and chemical reduction of azo dyes from an economic and, therefore, application-relevant perspective has been found in the current literature. A novelty of this review article consists not only in the brief summarization and comparison of both methods but mainly in the evaluation of their economic side. Based on the literature survey of the last 15 years, the costs of treatment approaches published in individual research articles have been summarized, and the missing data have been calculated. A broad spectrum of advanced electrode materials and catalysts have been developed and tested for the treatment, specifically aiming to enhance the degradation performance. An outline of the global prices of electrode materials, reducing agents, and basic chemicals is involved. All additional costs are described in depth in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of respective methods are discussed. It was revealed that effective and cheap treatment approaches can be found even in advanced degradation methods. Based on the collected data, electrooxidation methods offer, on average, 30 times cheaper treatment of aqueous solutions. Concerning chemical reduction, only ZVI provided high removal of azo dyes at prices <100 $ per kg of azo dye. The factors affecting total prices should also be considered. Therefore, the basic diagram of the decision-making process is proposed. In the conclusion, challenges, future perspectives, and critical findings are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kamenická
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kuchtová
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Sandoval MA, Coreño O, García V, Salazar-González R. Enhancing industrial swine slaughterhouse wastewater treatment: Optimization of electrocoagulation technique and operating mode. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119556. [PMID: 37984271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, industrial swine slaughterhouse effluents were treated by an electrocoagulation process (EC) with aluminum and iron electrodes. Batch and semicontinuous operation were performed. EC tests were carried out in batch operating mode for 2.5 h using fixed current densities (j = 10, 20, and 30 mA cm-2) in sulfate and chloride media. At the laboratory scale, higher TOC removal efficiencies were observed using aluminum electrodes at 20 mA cm-2 without the addition of a supporting electrolyte (82.7%). However, the EC process with Fe electrodes consumed 43.6% less energy. After the best operating parameters were found at the laboratory scale, the process was tested as a semicontinuous prepilot process using a filter-press FM01-LC-type electrochemical reactor equipped with flat plate aluminum electrodes. In this stage, current densities and mean linear flow rates were assessed. The highest TOC removal efficiency of 72.7% (i.e., residual TOC concentration of 85.18 mg L-1) in the semicontinuous process was achieved by the application of j = 25 mA cm-2 and ur = 0.64 cm s-1 with an energy consumption of 19.80 kW h m-3. The residual COD and TP concentrations met the international standard limits. Moreover, complete decoloration and disinfection were accomplished. EDXRF, SEM, EDAX, XRD, and FTIR analyses indicated that pollutants were removed by adsorption on aluminum/iron hydroxides/oxyhydroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sandoval
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Guanajuato, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Carretera Estatal Guanajuato-Puentecillas km. 10.5, 36262, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Coreño
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Juárez 77, Zona Centro, 36000, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Verónica García
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar-González
- Analysis, Treatment, Electrochemistry, Recovery and Reuse of Water Research Group, WATER(2), Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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Schroeder CM, Koehler TM, Ohlhorst KK, Leadbeater NE. Real-time in situ monitoring using visible spectrophotometry as a tool for probing electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for dye decolorisation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33559-33565. [PMID: 38020003 PMCID: PMC10652061 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06634g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An apparatus for real-time in situ monitoring of electrochemical processes using UV-visible spectrophotometry has been used to optimise the electrochemically-activated persulfate decolorisation of Acid Orange 7. The impacts of varying electrode composition, current density, persulfate loading, and stirring speed on the rate of decolorisation have been probed. Decolorisation through this activated persulfate approach was compared to that using anodic oxidation for nine dyes; three from each of the azo, triarylmethane, and xanthene families. The core structure and presence of functional groups have a significant impact on the rate of decolorisation. Azo and xanthene dyes decolorise faster than triarylmethane dyes, while electron-withdrawing groups and halogens are especially detrimental to the rate of decolorisation. Electrochemically-activated persulfate resulted in faster decolorization than anodic oxidation for almost every dye, an effect that was enhanced with the electron-deficient substrates. This type of systematic structural comparison study is essential for designing electrochemical degradation procedures for the remediation of real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
| | - Taylor M Koehler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
| | - Kristiane K Ohlhorst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
| | - Nicholas E Leadbeater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
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Pacheco-Álvarez M, Fuentes-Ramírez R, Brillas E, Peralta-Hernández JM. Assessing the electrochemical degradation of reactive orange 84 with Ti/IrO 2-SnO 2-Sb 2O 5 anode using electrochemical oxidation, electro-Fenton, and photoelectro-Fenton under UVA irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139666. [PMID: 37532204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Today, water shortage problems around the world have forced the search for new treatment alternatives, in this context, electrochemical oxidation technology is a hopeful process for wastewater treatment, although it is still needed exploration of new efficient and economically viable electrode materials. In this way, mixed metal oxide anodes look like promising alternatives but their preparation is still a significant point to study, searching for finding low-cost materials to improve electrocatalytic efficiencies. In an exploration of this kind of highly efficient materials, this work presents the results obtained using an MMO Ti/IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anode. All the prepared anodes exhibited excellent physical and electrochemical properties. The electrochemical oxidation of 100 mL and 200 mg L-1 Reactive Orange 84 (RO 84) diazo dye was studied using 3 cm2 of such synthesized anodes by applying current densities of 25, 50, and 100 mA cm-2. Faster and more efficient electrochemical oxidation occurred at 100 mA cm-2 with 50 mM of Na2SO4 + 10 mM NaCl as supporting electrolyte at pH 3.0. The degradation and mineralization processes of the above solution were enhanced with the electro-Fenton process with 0.05 mM Fe2+ and upgraded using photoelectron-Fenton with UVA light. This process yielded 91% COD decay with a low energy consumption of 0.1137 kWh (g COD)-1 at 60 min. The evolution of a final carboxylic acid like oxalic was followed by HPLC analysis. The Ti/IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 is then an efficient and low-cost anode for the photoelectro-Fenton treatment of RO 84 in a chloride and sulfate media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pacheco-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de La Venada S/n, Pueblito de Rocha, 36040, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Fuentes-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori D'Electroquímica Dels Materials I Del Medi Ambient, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí I Franquès 1-11, Barcelona, CP 08028, Spain
| | - Juan M Peralta-Hernández
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de La Venada S/n, Pueblito de Rocha, 36040, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Ranga M, Sinha S. Mechanism and Techno‐Economic Analysis of the Electrochemical Process. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ranga
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Department of Chemical Engineering 247667 Roorkee, Uttarakhand India
| | - Shishir Sinha
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Department of Chemical Engineering 247667 Roorkee, Uttarakhand India
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Paquini LD, Marconsini LT, Profeti LPR, Campos OS, Profeti D, Ribeiro J. An overview of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes applied for the removal of azo-dyes. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-023-00300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Mousazadeh M, Kabdaşlı I, Khademi S, Sandoval MA, Moussavi SP, Malekdar F, Gilhotra V, Hashemi M, Dehghani MH. A critical review on the existing wastewater treatment methods in the COVID-19 era: What is the potential of advanced oxidation processes in combatting viral especially SARS-CoV-2? JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2022; 49:103077. [PMID: 35990175 PMCID: PMC9381433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic has put the risk of virus contamination in water bodies on the horizon of health authorities. Hence, finding effective ways to remove the virus, especially SARS-CoV-2, from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has emerged as a hot issue in the last few years. Herein, this study first deals with the fate of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in WWTPs, then critically reviews and compares different wastewater treatment methods for combatting COVID-19 as well as to increase the water quality. This critical review sheds light the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to inactivate virus, specially SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Although several physicochemical treatment processes (e.g. activated sludge) are commonly used to eliminate pathogens, AOPs are the most versatile and effective virus inactivation methods. For instance, TiO2 is the most known and widely studied photo-catalyst innocuously utilized to degrade pollutants as well as to photo-induce bacterial and virus disinfection due to its high chemical resistance and efficient photo-activity. When ozone is dissolved in water and wastewater, it generates a wide spectrum of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible to degrade materials in virus membranes resulting in destroying the cell wall. Furthermore, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes act through direct oxidation when pathogens react at the anode surface or by indirect oxidation through oxidizing species produced in the bulk solution. Consequently, they represent a feasible choice for the inactivation of a wide range of pathogens. Nonetheless, there are some challenges with AOPs which should be addressed for application at industrial-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Işık Kabdaşlı
- İstanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazağa Campus, 34469 Maslak, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sara Khademi
- Health, Safety, and Environment Specialist, North Drilling Company, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Fatemeh Malekdar
- Department of Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Marjan Hashemi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Baravkar MD, Prasad BLV. Selective electro-oxidation of phenol to 1,4-hydroquinone employing carbonaceous electrodes: surface modification is the key. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of phenol to 1,4-hydroquinone with high conversion, remarkable selectivity and an excellent yield (87% isolated) has been accomplished under electrolytic conditions in an aqueous medium with surface modified carbon-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur D. Baravkar
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhagavatula L. V. Prasad
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Center for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
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Bravo-Yumi N, Espinoza-Montero P, Picos-Benítez A, Navarro-Mendoza R, Brillas E, Peralta-Hernández JM. Synthesis and characterization of Sb2O5-doped Ti/SnO2-IrO2 anodes toward efficient degradation tannery dyes by in situ generated oxidizing species. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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