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Pacheco-Romero AM, Martín-García Ó, Rey-Sáez R, Boemo T, Blanco I, Vázquez C, Sánchez-López Á. An integrative analysis of potential mechanisms of reduced positive affect in daily life in depression: an ESM study. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:587-604. [PMID: 38329805 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2314066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Decreased levels of positive affect (PA) are a hallmark of depression. Current models propose as potential main mechanisms a dysfunctional use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies (i.e. dampening, positive rumination), and a maladaptive activation of pro-hedonic goals. However, the role of these mechanisms in PA in daily life remains understudied. We used a 10-day ESM design to assess how these mechanisms influence each other and contribute to depressive symptomatology-related low momentary PA in 139 individuals. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower PA, pro-hedonic goals, more frequent use of positive rumination, and higher use of dampening. Further, experiencing higher levels of PA predicted lower following time point use of dampening in individuals with higher symptoms. Finally, using positive rumination was more beneficial (i.e. predicted higher PA increases one moment later) for individuals with higher symptomatology. Our findings suggest that moment-to-moment changes in PA daily life are affected by, and have an effect on, both pro-hedonic goals and the use of dampening and positive rumination, highlighting specific cognitive-affective mechanisms that should be considered when designing interventions aimed at improving low PA characterising depression symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mar Pacheco-Romero
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Martín-García
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rey-Sáez
- Department of Basic Psychology, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Boemo
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Blanco
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vázquez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sánchez-López
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Chen DF, Huang KW, Ho WS, Cheng YC. Savoring Belief, Resilience, and Meaning in Life as Pathways to Happiness: A Sequential Mediation Analysis among Taiwanese University Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:388. [PMID: 38785879 PMCID: PMC11117827 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, scholarly interest has grown in the psychological components of happiness. Savoring belief, or the capacity to attend to, appreciate, and enhance the positive experiences in one's life, along with resilience and meaning in life, have emerged as significant predictors of enhanced happiness among diverse populations. This research examined the interrelationships among savoring belief, resilience, meaning in life, and happiness. A sample of 561 students from 75 universities in Taiwan, comprising 361 female and 200 male participants with an average age of 20.88 years, participated in an online survey. The study employed various instruments, including the Savoring Belief Inventory, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. These instruments were translated into Traditional Chinese using a back-translation method and subsequently validated for accuracy by specialists in the field. Analysis of the data using Hayes' PROCESS Model 6 revealed several key insights: (1) savoring belief positively influenced happiness, resilience, and meaning in life with resilience further enhancing happiness and meaning in life; (2) resilience served as a significant mediator in the relationship between savoring belief and happiness; (3) meaning in life significantly mediated the relationship between savoring belief and happiness; (4) a sequential mediation model illustrated the mediating effects of resilience and meaning in life on the relationship between savoring belief and happiness. This study illustrates that, much like a garden requires water, sunlight, and care to flourish, our happiness is cultivated through enhancing our ability to savor the good moments, rebound from challenges, and find deep significance in our lives. We can significantly boost well-being by fostering these qualities-savoring belief, resilience, and a sense of meaning. These findings are particularly relevant for educators, highlighting the critical need to develop these traits in students to promote greater happiness and fulfillment in their lives. Discussions included theoretical implications, educational implications, and avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Fa Chen
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan; (D.-F.C.); (K.-W.H.); (W.-S.H.)
| | - Kai-Wen Huang
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan; (D.-F.C.); (K.-W.H.); (W.-S.H.)
| | - Wei-Sho Ho
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan; (D.-F.C.); (K.-W.H.); (W.-S.H.)
| | - Yao-Chung Cheng
- Center for Teacher Education, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan
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Cullen K, Murphy M, Di Blasi Z, Bryant FB. The effectiveness of savouring interventions on well-being in adult clinical populations: A protocol for a systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302014. [PMID: 38626110 PMCID: PMC11020756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Savouring interventions aim to amplify the intensity and duration of positive feelings and positive affect. Research has shown that the potential benefits of savouring include the promotion of psychological well-being and diminution of negative affective states. Savouring strategies may be particularly useful amongst clinical populations in changing biobehavioural processes which can strengthen an individual's propensity to exert control over how to develop, intensify and promote psychological well-being, while simultaneously mitigating negative affective states. This paper outlines a protocol for a systematic review that will be used to identify, critically appraise and synthesise findings of studies examining the effectiveness of savouring interventions in adult clinical populations. Savouring interventions will be defined broadly, operationalised as any savouring strategy focusing on past, present or future events or experiences whereby participants are instructed to attend to and amplify positive affect relating to same. The goal of our review is to include the extent of the literature on this topic and contribute to the overall evidence to support savouring interventions. METHODS This protocol is carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Protocols Guidelines. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023404857). The databases PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and Scopus will be searched alongside a search of grey literature. An examination of the first 200 papers on Google Scholar will also be done to identify relevant papers. Studies describing randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of savouring interventions as described within this article on adult clinical populations will be included in the review. Outcomes will include well-being, quality of life, depression, anxiety or stress. Study selection and data extraction will be completed by three independent reviewers to reduce risk of bias. Interrater percentage agreement and interrater reliability will be reported on same. The quality of studies will be assessed using criteria based on the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias and the Jadad scale. A narrative synthesis with tables of study characteristics will be provided. Separate considerations of the three time perspectives of savouring interventions (past-focused, present-focused, and future-focused) will also be described. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review will provide important clinical insights into the potential efficacy of savouring interventions when working with adult clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Cullen
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Zelda Di Blasi
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fred B. Bryant
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Tan X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Cai R, Chen J, Meng J, He X, Huang J, Zhang J, Wang W, Zhao J, Shi L. Internet-Based Self-Help Mindful Self-Compassion Intervention for Parents of Children With Cancer: A Pilot Study. West J Nurs Res 2023; 45:1111-1119. [PMID: 37905502 DOI: 10.1177/01939459231206316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with cancer may experience persistent psychological distress and impaired physical health throughout their children's diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a mindful self-compassion program for parents of children with cancer and explore its effect. METHODS This pre-post-test study without a control group was conducted with 34 Chinese parents of children with cancer, using mixed methods. Participants received a 6-week internet-based self-help mindful self-compassion intervention. Self-compassion, post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, and sleep quality were measured at baseline and at 10 weeks post-baseline. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 completers within 10 days after the intervention was completed. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in self-compassion, re-experiencing, physical depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Two participants reported feeling miserable or recalling distressing experiences, of which one withdrew from the study while the other completed the intervention. CONCLUSION The program could improve self-compassion, re-experiencing, physical depressive symptoms, and sleep quality in parents of children with cancer, which demonstrated the feasibility of delivering a self-help mindful self-compassion intervention through the internet. Increasing retention rates in future studies merits further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Tan
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Yang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqing Cai
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlu Chen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangnan Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Huang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiubo Zhao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Rudenstine S, McNeal K, Schulder T, Ettman CK, Hernandez M, Gvozdieva K, Galea S. Education is protective against depressive symptoms in the context of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2869-2875. [PMID: 34871526 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2002338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed current education stage (ie, undergraduate, graduate) as protective against depressive symptoms among a low socioeconomic status (SES) student population in a public university, in the context of COVID-19-related stressors. PARTICIPANTS Participants were students at The City University of New York (CUNY) during the Spring 2020. METHODS Demographic data, symptom severity, and current educational stage were collected via an online university-wide survey between April 8, 2020 and May 2, 2020. RESULTS The prevalence of probable depression was lower amongst persons who reported being currently in a more advanced educational stage compared to people currently in a lower educational stage. COVID-19-related stressor exposure was the largest predictor of depressive symptoms, followed by demographics and current education stage. CONCLUSIONS Current education stage is related to depressive symptoms during COVID-19. Pandemic-related educational disruptions and shifts to remote learning may limit educational achievement for low-SES student populations creating further threats to these students' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Rudenstine
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kat McNeal
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Talia Schulder
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Michelle Hernandez
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kseniia Gvozdieva
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Gao Y, Liu X, Liu J, Wang H. The Effects of Self-Criticism and Self-Compassion on Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3219-3230. [PMID: 37588251 PMCID: PMC10426444 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s417258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Symptoms of depression increase during adolescence as do nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors (NSSI). The present study aimed to investigate how self-criticism interacted with the effects of stressful life events on depressive symptoms and NSSI and whether self-compassion would buffer these negative effects. Methods A total of 908 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.46, SD = 0.57) completed a cross-sectional survey. The main and interacted effects of stressful life events, self-criticism, self-compassion on depressive symptoms and NSSI were examined respectively. Results The results showed that self-criticism significantly moderated the relationships between stressful events and depression and NSSI. Self-compassion could buffer the negative impacts of stressful events and self-criticism on NSSI but not on depression. High self-compassion significantly reduced the magnitude of the association between stressful life events and NSSI in adolescents with low self-criticism but not in those with high self-criticism. Conclusion Self-criticism exacerbated the negative impacts of stressful life events on both depressive symptoms and NSSI, but self-compassion only buffered the impact of stressful life events on NSSI. Interventions designed to reduce NSSI risk of Chinese adolescents may benefit from training them to improve self-compassion abilities and to be less self-critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Dan VH, Ponnuchamy L, Anand NK, Bhaskarapillai B, Sharma MK. Resilience and self-compassion among persons with depressive disorders: Prerequisite for a positive mental health approach. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1621-1628. [PMID: 37767454 PMCID: PMC10521843 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2270_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment gap for common mental health problems, especially of the depressive disorders is consequential in developing countries like India. Positive mental health domains like resilience and self-compassion have been long hailed as protective factors against depression and viable for use in therapeutic aspects. The objectives were to find an association between resilience, self-compassion, and depression. Methods The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design among 75 respondents who were seeking treatment for major depressive disorders from a tertiary care center during the second wave of COVID-19. Three scales were administered online, namely Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD RISC-25), and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Spearman's rank correlation test, Chi-square with Fisher's exact test, and Kruskal Wallis H test were used to study the relationships and differences in average scores with respect to the severity of depression. Results Most of the respondents had moderate depressive features along with moderately high levels of resilience (CD RISC 25) and self-compassion (SCS-SF) scores. Resilience and self-compassion were found to have no significant relationship with respect to the severity of depression. There was a weakly positive correlation between resilience and self-compassion among those with moderate and severe depression. Conclusion Since the individuals with depression had higher scores on resilience and self-compassion, the levels of depression remained at moderate levels of severity despite the devastating impact of the second wave of COVID-19 in the Indian sub-continent. Results are to be interpreted with respect to psychosocial contexts arising during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health programs can incorporate the variables of resilience and self-compassion in intervention among individuals with depression which have likely been beneficial in their process of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hubert Dan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lingam Ponnuchamy
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitin K. Anand
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Binukumar Bhaskarapillai
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj K. Sharma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Klibert J, Simpson M, Weiss B, Yancey CT, Pritulsky C, Luna A, Houseman H, Samawi H. Increasing character strength knowledge, interest, and skill: preliminary evidence for a collaborative and multimethod assessment procedure. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1179052. [PMID: 37575450 PMCID: PMC10413561 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1179052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study's objective was to evaluate whether a qualitative, collaborative, and multimethod assessment protocol increased reports of character strength interest, knowledge, and perceived skills. Methods Thirty-two participants completed three phases of data collection. Participants were first screened for well-being, which was used as an auxiliary covariate to order participants into experimental conditions. Selected participants were randomly assigned to a control or collaborative and multimethod assessment (card sort × qualitative interview) condition. Participants completed pre- and post-measures of strength interest, knowledge, and perceived skill. In the final phase, second phase participants were invited to report on strength-related outcomes 24 h post-administration using an online survey. Results A series of 2 (Assessment Condition) × 3 (Time) mixed ANOVAs were analyzed. Results revealed a significant assessment condition by time interaction for strength knowledge and perceived skill. Participants in the collaborative and multimethod assessment condition reported higher strength knowledge and perceived skills compared to control participants. These effects were maintained for 24 h. Conclusion The findings offer preliminary yet sizable support for using collaborative and multimethod assessment procedures to increase strength knowledge and perceived skill. Because of the qualitative, collaborative, and individualized nature of our assessment protocol, the findings offer a low-cost and contextually bound pathway to increase strength-based outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Klibert
- Department of Psychology, Jing-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Michaela Simpson
- Department of Psychology, Jing-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Brandon Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - C. Thresa Yancey
- Department of Psychology, Jing-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Calla Pritulsky
- Department of Psychology, Jing-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Amy Luna
- Department of Psychology, Jing-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Hayley Houseman
- Department of Psychology, Jing-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Hani Samawi
- Department of Psychology, Jing-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
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Simpson MD, Klibert JJ, Pritulsky CL, Weiss BJ. The Conditional Effects of Savoring on the Relationship between Minority Stress and Alcohol Misuse in an LGBTQIA + Sample. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1367-1376. [PMID: 37313581 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2223268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Alcohol-related difficulties are a significant public health concern in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, asexual, and people with other sexual orientations and forms of gender identity (LGBTQIA+) communities. Considering these concerns, there is a strong push to develop affirming and strength-based prevention efforts. Unfortunately, such efforts are undermined by the lack of protective LGBTQIA + models for alcohol misuse. To this end, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether savoring, the ability to create, maintain, and prolong positive emotions, meets basic criteria for a protective factor for alcohol misuse in a sample of LGBTQIA + adults. Methods: The sample was comprised of 226 LGBTQIA + adults who completed an online survey. Results: Results indicated that savoring was inversely related to alcohol misuse. In addition, the relationship between minority stress and alcohol misuse varied as a function of savoring; at high levels of savoring (a score of 136.63 on the Savoring Beliefs Inventory), the relationship between minority stress and alcohol misuse was non-significant. Conclusions: In combination, these findings offer preliminary support for savoring as a protective factor for alcohol misuse among different LGBTQIA + communities. However, longitudinal and experimental research is needed to solidify the role of savoring in minimizing alcohol-related problems in this population.
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Panaite V, Cohen N. The divide between daily event appraisal and emotion experience in major depression. Cogn Emot 2023; 37:586-594. [PMID: 37132219 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2205630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Appraisal theories predict that emotional experiences are tightly linked to context appraisals. However, depressed people tend to perceive a variety of emotional events more negatively and stressfully and their emotional experience has been described as context insensitive. This raises the question: how different is the intensity of context appraisals from related emotion experiences among depressed relative to healthy people? Surprisingly, we do not know how cohesive intensity of context appraisals and emotional experiences are in depression. In this study, we assessed differences in intensity of context appraisals and emotional experiences across 1634 daily events during three days within and between depressed participants (N = 41) and healthy controls (N = 33) using linear mixed models. Models compared intensities of stressfulness and unpleasantness appraisals to the intensity of negative affect, and intensity of pleasantness appraisals to the intensity of positive affect. Our findings partially supported our predictions of lower cohesiveness in depression: while intensities of pleasantness appraisals and positive affect were more alike among control participants, intensities of unpleasantness and stressfulness appraisals were more similar to the intensities of negative affect in the depressed group. Current work suggests that hedonic dysfunction in depression is possibly driven by a loosely tied positive context appraisal-emotion experience process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Panaite
- Research and Development, James A Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Nathan Cohen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Bruno J, Martin-Krumm C, Tarquinio C. Passion et profil de toxic-handler chez les bénévoles du scoutisme et de l’éducation populaire. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Self-compassion predicted joint trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A five-wave longitudinal study on Chinese college students. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:589-597. [PMID: 36155236 PMCID: PMC9499990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long-term protective effect of self-compassion on mental health remained unclear in the pandemic context. This study aimed to investigate the trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms and the role of self-compassion during the pandemic. METHODS In this one-year five-wave longitudinal study (retested every three months from February 2020 to February 2021), 494 Chinese college students completed the study through online questionnaires and provided information on depression and anxiety symptoms, self-compassion, and sociodemographic variables. Independent and joint trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms were explored by growth mixture models. Predictive effects of self-compassion on trajectories were examined by logistic regression models. RESULTS Four and three heterogeneous latent trajectories were identified for depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Three distinct joint trajectories of depression and anxiety were determined: low symptoms group (54.0 %), mild symptoms group (34.4 %), and risk group (11.5 %). Participants with higher levels of self-compassion were more likely to follow the low symptoms trajectory of depression and anxiety symptoms (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Group heterogeneity existed in the trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms. Improving the levels of self-compassion would help to prevent and alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms. Programs based on self-compassion are encouraged to cope with the mental health challenges in the pandemic context.
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Good times, bad times: A closer look at the relationship between savoring and self-compassion. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Carnelius F, Dennhag I. The association between gender, sexual harassment, and self-compassion on depressive symptoms in adolescents. Nord J Psychiatry 2022; 77:256-265. [PMID: 35736792 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2022.2089231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aims to identify the prevalence of bullying and sexual harassment as well as possible risk and protective factors for depression among adolescents. We focus on the association of different types of sexual harassment, gender, bullying, and self-compassion to depression criteria according to DSM 4. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 318 adolescents aged 15-20 years, from Sweden. Participants answered the self-assessment scales Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, Second Edition, and Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales for Youth, as well as questions about sexual harassment and bullying. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between bullying, sexual harassment, self-compassion, and gender with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Few students had been subjected to bullying, whereas sexual harassment was more common. About 32.7% of students had been subjected to verbal harassment and girls were more frequently exposed. Both bullying and sexual harassment were associated with depressive symptoms, and gender patterns were observed. For boys, verbal harassment and bullying correlated with negative self-evaluation and somatic complaints. For girls, bullying correlated with all depressive symptoms. Higher levels of self-compassion were associated with less depression, and the correlation was especially strong among boys. CONCLUSION Boys and girls express different types of depressive symptoms when subjected to bullying and sexual harassment. Not asking boys about negative self-evaluation or somatic complaints could lead to missing depression. However, for girls, all four symptoms are equally important to inquire about. Self-compassion is a possible protective factor against depression and future studies will show if teaching this to adolescents could lead to less depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippa Carnelius
- Department of Clinical Science, Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Inga Dennhag
- Department of Clinical Science, Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Seeking Causality in the Links between Time Perspectives and Gratitude, Savoring the Moment and Prioritizing Positivity: Initial Empirical Test of Three Conceptual Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084776. [PMID: 35457640 PMCID: PMC9030972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We provide an initial empirical test of three conceptual models reflecting possible patterns of causality effects in the relationships between time perspective (TP), gratitude, savoring the moment, and prioritizing positivity (referred to as well-being boosters, WBBs), and mental well-being. The first one, trait-behavior model, states trait TPs increase the tendency to use specific WBBs in order to increase mental well-being. The second model, the accumulation model, proposes that a regular practice of particular WBBs fosters adaptive TPs which in turn impact well-being. The third model, the feedback loop, suggests that WBBs and positive TPs reciprocally strengthen one another and together contribute to higher mental well-being. Participants (N = 206; Mage = 30.90, SD = 8.39, 74% females) filled questionnaires measuring TPs, WBBs, and well-being twice, in a one-year interval. Using cross-lagged panel analyses we examined the direction of causation in the relationships among the variables. Past-Positive had a significant cross-lagged effect on gratitude, Present-Fatalistic had a significant effect on savoring. Both Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic perspectives displayed significant causal effects on well-being. The results partly support the trait-behavior model. However, given that the second wave was conducted shortly after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, further studies are required to better understand the interplay between the studied traits.
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Zhao FF, Yang L, Ma JP, Qin ZJ. Path analysis of the association between self-compassion and depressive symptoms among nursing and medical students: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:67. [PMID: 35331202 PMCID: PMC8943488 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nursing and medical students are suffering from high rates of depressive symptoms. Mental health benefits students’ learning, growth and professional development. Exploring psychological resources to prevent depression is emphasized recently, and self-compassion is shown to be inversely associated with depressive symptoms. However, the mechanism through which self-compassion contributes to decreased depressive symptoms is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and examine a model detailing the potential paths between self-compassion and depressive symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted and convenient sampling was used. Among the 1800 nursing and medical students targeted from two universities in East and North China, 1341 completed the questionnaires, and 1127 valid questionnaires were analyzed comprising 566 and 561 from medical and nursing students, respectively. Data in May 2020 and July 2020 were collected through Patient Health Questionnaire, self-compassion scale, resilience scale, Life Orientation Test and Perceived Stress Scale. Then, path model analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Results Finally, this study included 1125 valid questionnaires after excluding two extremes of study variables. Participants consisted of 50.2% medical students and 49.8% nursing students. The model showed an acceptable fit to the data. After controlling for the demographics, self-compassion was directly and indirectly associated with decreased depressive symptoms by increasing resilience and optimism and reducing perceived stress among nursing and medical students. Resilience and optimism were directly and indirectly associated with decreased depressive symptoms by reducing perceived stress among nursing students and indirectly associated with decreased depressive symptoms among medical students. Conclusions The study provides evidence that self-compassion significantly influences the decrease in depressive symptoms by increasing resilience and optimism and reducing perceived stress. These findings suggested that programs enhancing students’ self-compassion, resilience, and optimism simultaneously can help decrease depressive symptoms and improve mental health in education and healthcare institutes. These findings may facilitate the designing of educational programs for preventing depressive symptoms and promoting mental health among nursing and medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Zhao
- Department of Nursing Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, NantongJiangsu Province, 0086-226001, China.
| | - Li Yang
- School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao CityShandong Province, 0086-266021, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Ma
- Department of Nursing Science, ChangZhi Medical College, Changzhi CityShanxi Province, 0086-046000, China
| | - Zheng-Ji Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, NantongJiangsu Province, 0086-226001, China
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17
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Acceptance Mindfulness-Trait as a Protective Factor for Post-Natal Depression: A Preliminary Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031545. [PMID: 35162565 PMCID: PMC8834924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: the prevalence of postnatal depression (PND) reaches up to 20%. PND could be based on the interaction between a psychological vulnerability and chronic stress that pregnancy would activate. Vulnerability factors reflect a psychological profile mirroring mindfulness-trait (MT). A high level of MT is associated with an efficient regulation of both physiological and psychological stress, especially negative moods. Interestingly, mindfulness level can be improved by program based on mindfulness meditation. We hypothesize that MT is a protective factor for PND. We also postulate that negative moods increase during the pregnancy for women who develop a PND after delivery (2) Methods: we conducted a multicentric prospective longitudinal study including 85 women during their first trimester of their pregnancy and 72 from the childbirth to the baby’s first birthday”. At the inclusion, presence and acceptance of MT and various variables of personality and of psychological functioning were assessed. Mood evolution was monitored each month during the pregnancy and a delivery trauma risk was evaluated after delivery. PND detection was carried out at 48 h, 2, 6 and 12 months after the delivery with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale with a screening cut-off >11. (3) Results: high-acceptance MT is a protective factor for PND (OR: 0.79). Women without PND displayed less negative mood during pregnancy (p < 0.05 for Anxiety, Confusion and Anger). (4) Conclusions: these results suggest the value of deploying programs to enhance the level of mindfulness, especially in its acceptance dimension, before, during and after pregnancy, to reduce the risk of PND.
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18
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Samios C, Praskova A, Radlinska B. The relationship between COVID-19 pandemic-related stress and meaning in life: testing the moderating effects of self-compassion and savoring. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2022; 35:9-24. [PMID: 34515586 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1974408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The stress people experience in relation to a highly stressful event, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can undermine their sense of meaning in life. This study examined the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic-related stress and meaning in life and whether self-compassion and savoring positive emotional experience moderated this relationship. METHODS Participants (N = 498) completed measures of pandemic-related stress, dimensions of meaning in life (comprehension, purpose, mattering), self-compassion (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness), and savoring (savoring through anticipation, savoring the moment, savoring through reminiscence). RESULTS Results of regression analyses showed that pandemic-related stress related to less meaning in life and that all dimensions of self-compassion and savoring (with the exception of savoring through reminiscence) related positively to a dimension of meaning in life. Only common humanity buffered the relationship between pandemic-related stress and a dimension of meaning in life (purpose) as expected. Unexpectedly, for people high on common humanity the relationship between pandemic-related stress and mattering was positive, and for people high on mindfulness, the relationship between pandemic-related stress and comprehension was negative. CONCLUSIONS Although cross-sectional, this study's findings suggest that promoting common humanity might be important for protecting purpose and enhancing one's sense of mattering during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Samios
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Discipline of Psychology, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Praskova
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Basia Radlinska
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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19
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Bryant FB. Current Progress and Future Directions for Theory and Research on Savoring. Front Psychol 2021; 12:771698. [PMID: 34970196 PMCID: PMC8712667 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.771698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As research on savoring has increased dramatically since publication of the book Savoring: A New Model of Positive Experience (Bryant and Veroff, 2007), savoring has gradually become a core concept in positive psychology. I begin by reviewing the evolution of this concept, the development of instruments for assessing savoring ability and savoring strategies, and the wide range of applications of savoring in the psychosocial and health sciences. I then consider important directions for future theory and research. To advance our understanding of how naturalistic savoring unfolds over time, future work should integrate the perceptual judgments involved in not only the later stages of attending to and regulating positive experience (where past research has concentrated), but also the initial stages of searching for and noticing positive stimuli. Whereas most research has investigated reactive savoring, which occurs spontaneously in response to positive events or feelings, future work is also needed on proactive savoring, which begins with the deliberate act of seeking out or creating positive stimuli. To advance the measurement of savoring-related constructs, I recommend future work move beyond retrospective self-report methods toward the assessment of savoring as it occurs in real-time. The development of new methods of measuring meta-awareness and the regulation of attentional focus are crucial to advancing our understanding of savoring processes. I review recent research on the neurobiological correlates of savoring and suggest future directions in which to expand such work. I highlight the need for research aimed at unraveling the developmental processes through which savoring skills and deficits evolve and the role that savoring impairments play in the etiology and maintenance of psychopathology. Research is also needed to learn more about what enhances savoring, and to disentangle how people regulate the intensity versus duration of positive emotions. Finally, I encourage future researchers to integrate the study of anticipation, savoring the moment, and reminiscence within individuals across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred B. Bryant
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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20
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Ho MY. Boosting older adults' cognitive functioning and psychological Well-Being through Chinese tea therapy: A preliminary study. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2036-2041. [PMID: 33107326 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1839868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Chinese tea therapy on the enhancement of cognitive functioning and psychological well-being among older adults in Hong Kong. METHOD Seventeen healthy older adults recruited from two senior centers participated in a four-week Chinese tea therapy intervention. Pre-post measures on cognitive functioning and emotional well-being were used to examine the effect of the intervention on cognitive and emotional variables. RESULTS Results of the paired samples t-test revealed significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results for cognition and well-being. Specifically, the older adults showed enhanced cognitive functioning and improved emotional well-being after they received the Chinese tea therapy. CONCLUSION Chinese tea therapy is apparently an effective strategy to ensure healthy aging. In particular, this innovative and culturally relevant strategy may exert a protective effect against cognitive aging and decline and may boost emotional wellness of older adults in Asian cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yee Ho
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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21
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Chio FHN, Mak WWS, Yu BCL. Meta-analytic review on the differential effects of self-compassion components on well-being and psychological distress: The moderating role of dialecticism on self-compassion. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 85:101986. [PMID: 33667941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although self-compassion has been extensively studied in the recent decades, the representation of self-compassion as a unitary measure or the presence of self-warmth (i.e., presence of the positive components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) and self-coldness (i.e., presence of the negative components: self-judgment, isolation, and mindfulness) remains controversial. Moreover, the differential effects of the six components of self-compassion on mental well-being and psychological distress have not been systematically investigated. To synthesize the differential effects of the six components of self-compassion and to examine how people in different cultures may associate the positive and negative components of self-compassion differentially, the present meta-analysis synthesized 183 effect sizes across 27 cultures. Results showed that the negative components of self-compassion (rs = 0.44 to 0.45) showed greater effect sizes with psychological distress than the positive counterparts (rs = -0.17 to -0.29) whereas the positive components of SCS (rs = 0.29 to.39) showed greater effect sizes with mental well-being than the negative counterparts (rs = -0.29 to -0.36), with the exception of common humanity and isolation (r = 0.29 and - 0.36). Cultural orientation of dialecticism moderated the association between the positive and the negative components of self-compassion, with dialectical cultures showing lower associations between the two opposing components. Findings have implications on the design and implementation of self-compassion interventions cross-culturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floria H N Chio
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
| | - Ben C L Yu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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22
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Croft RL, Byrd CT. Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:2097-2108. [PMID: 32966107 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion-quality of life relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Croft
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Courtney T Byrd
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
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23
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Chiu HT, Yee LTS, Kwan JLY, Cheung RYM, Hou WK. Interactive association between negative emotion regulation and savoring is linked to anxiety symptoms among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:494-501. [PMID: 30908167 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1580712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study tested the interactive relationships between college students' perceived capability of regulating negative emotions and savoring positive emotions on mental health outcomes, including anxiety and depressive symptoms. Participants: Participants were healthy undergraduates (n = 167) recruited from two universities in Hong Kong. Methods: Students completed four scales assessing their perceived capability of using strategies to regulate negative and positive emotions and their anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results: Findings revealed that both anxiety and depressive symptoms were negatively linked to perceived capabilities of regulating negative emotions and savoring positive emotions. Furthermore, regulating negative emotions interacted with savoring positive emotions to predict anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The need to simultaneously perform negative and positive emotion regulation is highlighted. The results suggest the priority of regulating negative emotions over savoring positive emotions in alleviating anxiety symptoms. Nevertheless, enhancing positive emotion shows greater benefits for those who are less adept at regulating negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hey Tou Chiu
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lydia Ting Sum Yee
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Centre for Educational and Developmental Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce Lok Yin Kwan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Assessment Research Centre, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Rebecca Yuen Man Cheung
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Kai Hou
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Psychology and Ecology of Stress, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
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24
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Samios C, Catania J, Newton K, Fulton T, Breadman A. Stress, savouring, and coping: The role of savouring in psychological adjustment following a stressful life event. Stress Health 2020; 36:119-130. [PMID: 31804014 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing research on the role of savouring positive emotional experience in the context of stress. As such, we need a better understanding of how savouring and coping relate to each other and to psychological adjustment outcomes following a stressful life event. In particular, this study seeks to understand whether savouring is better conceptualized as a coping resource or a coping response. Three hundred people who experienced a highly stressful event in the past year completed measures of impact of event, savouring, coping, positive emotions, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction. Results of bivariate correlations showed that savouring is positively correlated with positive coping (i.e., mastery and meaning-based coping) and socially-supported coping (i.e., using emotional and instrumental support) and negatively correlated with negative coping (i.e., self-judgement and avoidance coping). The results of path analyses support a model that positions savouring as a coping response that relates to other coping responses and indirectly relates to better psychological adjustment through positive emotions (when psychological adjustment is conceptualized as depression or life satisfaction but not anxiety). Findings provide preliminary support for conceptualizing savouring as a coping response; future research should consider measuring savouring as a coping response to further our understanding of savouring following a stressful life event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Samios
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast Campus, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin Catania
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Newton
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tim Fulton
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashley Breadman
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Ma TW, Bryant FB, Hou WK. Associations of trait positive emotion regulation with everyday emotions: An experience sampling approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 55:871-881. [DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Wah Ma
- Laboratory of Psychology and Ecology of Stress (LoPES) The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Fred B. Bryant
- Department of Psychology Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Wai Kai Hou
- Laboratory of Psychology and Ecology of Stress (LoPES) The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Centre for Psychosocial Health The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
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26
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Wilson JM, Weiss A, Shook NJ. Mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring: Factors that explain the relation between perceived social support and well-being. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Lahtinen O, Järvinen E, Kumlander S, Salmivalli C. Does self-compassion protect adolescents who are victimized or suffer from academic difficulties from depression? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2019.1662290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oskari Lahtinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Järvinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sonja Kumlander
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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28
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Samios C, Khatri V. When Times Get Tough: Savoring and Relationship Satisfaction in Couples Coping with a Stressful Life Event. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2019; 32:125-140. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1570804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Samios
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Vidushi Khatri
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
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29
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30
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Yamaguchi K, Ito M, Takebayashi Y. Positive emotion in distress as a potentially effective emotion regulation strategy for depression: A preliminary investigation. Psychol Psychother 2018. [PMID: 29528183 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emotion regulation utilizing positive emotion during negative emotional states might be one of the effective ways to alleviate depression and anxiety problems among people with emotional disorders. This study examined the psychometric properties and incremental validity of the Positive Emotion In Distress Scale (PEIDS), a newly developed self-report scale, in a sample of university students in Japan. DESIGN AND METHODS To examine the psychometric properties of the PEIDS, the scale was completed by Japanese university students (396 men and 363 women; mean age of 19.92). Participants additionally answered the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Rumination and Reflection Questionnaire - Shorter Version, Affective Style Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affective Schedule, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The survey was conducted at two time points separated by 1 month to assess test-retest reliability and validity of the PEIDS. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a one-factor structure. Reliability was confirmed by high internal consistency and test-retest stability; the convergent and discriminant validity was confirmed by correlations with related and unrelated variables. The results of hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that positive emotion in distress might predict depression above and beyond the effect of baseline depression and other common emotion regulation strategies. CONCLUSIONS The PEIDS showed acceptable reliability and validity within young adults and a non-clinical population in Japan. Further research will be needed to examine the effect of positive emotion among clinical populations. PRACTITIONER POINTS Previous research suggests that positive emotions play a key role in recovery from depression and anxiety problems through some forms of psychotherapy. The Positive Emotion In Distress Scale (PEIDS) measures individual differences regarding the extent to which people can experience positive emotions in negative emotional states. Results suggested that the subjective rating of the ability to experience positive emotions in distress might alleviate depression prospectively but not anxiety problems. The effect of positive emotion in distress demonstrated to have beyond the effects of other emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaya Ito
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takebayashi
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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31
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Klibert JJ, Luna A, Miceli M. “Savoring” buffers the association between negative emotions and suicidal behaviors in the GSM community. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2018.1518795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Klibert
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy Luna
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew Miceli
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
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32
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Greenberg J, Datta T, Shapero BG, Sevinc G, Mischoulon D, Lazar SW. Compassionate Hearts Protect Against Wandering Minds: Self-compassion Moderates the Effect of Mind-Wandering on Depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:155-169. [PMID: 30906796 DOI: 10.1037/scp0000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with high levels of mind-wandering and low levels of self-compassion. However, little is known about whether and how these two factors interact with one another to influence depressive symptoms. The current study examined the interaction between mind-wandering, self-compassion and depressive symptoms in a depressed sample and tested the effects of an eight-week Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) program on these constructs. At baseline, mind-wandering was associated with higher depressive symptoms only among individuals with low self-compassion. Self-compassion additionally predicted depressive improvement. As expected, MBCT increased self-compassion and reduced mind-wandering compared to a treatment-as-usual control group. Overall, longitudinal changes in self-compassion produced a moderation effect similar to the one at baseline so that increases in mind-wandering were associated with increases in depressive symptoms only among those who decreased in self-compassion. Results provide the first evidence that self-compassion can protect against the deleterious effects of mind-wandering among depressed participants, both at baseline and longitudinally. Findings also suggest that self-compassion is an effective predictor of depressive improvement. Finally, MBCT is effective not only at reducing depressive symptoms, but also at targeting protective and risk factors associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
| | - Tanya Datta
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
| | - Benjamin G Shapero
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
| | - Günes Sevinc
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
| | - Sara W Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
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