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Barré T, Cherikh F, Carrieri P, Marcellin F. A call for mindfulness-based interventions for cannabis-use disorders. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:118-120. [PMID: 37604715 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use is being increasingly liberalized worldwide, and an increasing prevalence of cannabis-use disorder (CUD) is observed. The few current therapeutic options for CUD are only modestly effective. Mindfulness-based interventions offer promising prospects for the management of substance-use disorders. However, despite proliferating literature on mindfulness and substance use, few studies have explored mindfulness in terms of cannabis use and CUD. There are many possibilities for the implementation of mindfulness-based interventions for cannabis use reduction, especially for younger users, who are more vulnerable to cannabis-related harms. Accordingly, large controlled trials are needed to reliably assess the potential of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France.
| | - Faredj Cherikh
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France; Addictology Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Archet 2 Hospital, Nice, France.
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France.
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France.
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Paul KI, Hollederer A. The Effectiveness of Health-Oriented Interventions and Health Promotion for Unemployed People-A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6028. [PMID: 37297632 PMCID: PMC10252930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Unemployment is known to have negative effects on mental and physical health. Yet, the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the health of unemployed people is unclear. Methods: We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of extant intervention studies with at least two measurement points and a control group. A literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO in December 2021 identified 34 eligible primary studies with 36 independent samples. Results: For mental health, the average meta-analytic effect sizes for the comparison of the intervention group and the control group were significant and of small size after the intervention, d = 0.22; 95% CI [0.08, 0.36], as well as at follow-up, d = 0.11; 95% CI [0.07, 0.16]. Effects on self-assessed physical health status were small and marginally significant (p = 0.10) after the intervention: d = 0.09; 95% CI [-0.02, 0.20], and insignificant at follow-up. However, when job search training was not part of the intervention program (i.e., all available resources were used solely for health promotion), the average effect size for physical health was significant after the intervention, d = 0.17; 95% CI [0.07, 0.27]. Furthermore, the effects of physical activity promotion were significant and of small-to-medium size after the intervention, leading to increased levels of activity, d = 0.30; 95% CI [0.13, 0.47]. Conclusions: Population-based health promotion programs are recommended because even measures with small effect sizes can actually improve the health of a large group of unemployed people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Ingmar Paul
- School of Business, Economics, and Society, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90403 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Hollederer
- Department of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, 34127 Kassel, Germany
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Arena AF, Mobbs S, Sanatkar S, Williams D, Collins D, Harris M, Harvey SB, Deady M. Mental health and unemployment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to improve depression and anxiety outcomes. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:450-472. [PMID: 37201898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unemployment is associated with substantially greater depression and anxiety, constituting a considerable public health concern. The current review provides the most comprehensive synthesis to date, and first meta-analysis, of controlled intervention trials aimed at improving depression and anxiety outcomes during unemployment. METHODS Searches were conducted within PsycInfo, Cochrane Central, PubMed and Embase from their inception to September 2022. Included studies conducted controlled trials of interventions focused on improving mental health within unemployed samples, and reported on validated measures of depression, anxiety, or distress (mixed depression and anxiety). Narrative syntheses and random effects meta-analyses were conducted among prevention- and treatment-level interventions for each outcome. RESULTS A total of 39 articles reporting on 33 studies were included for review (sample sizes ranging from 21 to 1801). Both prevention and treatment interventions tended to be effective overall, with treatment interventions producing larger effect sizes than prevention interventions. The clearest evidence for particular intervention approaches emerged for prevention-level Cognitive Therapy/CBT, followed by prevention-level work-related interventions, although neither produced entirely consistent effects. LIMITATIONS Risk of bias was generally high across studies. Low numbers of studies within subgroups precluded any comparisons between long-term and short-term unemployment, limited comparisons among treatment studies, and reduced the power of meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Both prevention- and treatment-level mental health-focused interventions have merit for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among those experiencing unemployment. Cognitive Therapy/CBT and work-related interventions hold the most robust evidence base, which can inform both prevention and treatment strategies implemented by clinicians, employment services providers, and governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Arena
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sophia Mobbs
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samineh Sanatkar
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas Williams
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Collins
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marnie Harris
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Deady
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Roemer A, Sutton A, Grimm C, Kimber S, Medvedev ON. Mindfulness-Based Attention Training in the Navy: A Feasibility Study. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231154442. [PMID: 36724325 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231154442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mind wandering is common during daily activities and is even more prevalent under stressful conditions, which could lead to lapses in attention and poor performance. Newly recruited military personnel who undergo demanding training often experience high levels of stress. It is therefore imperative to find ways to foster mental health and avoid performance deterioration related to mind wandering in times of intense military training. This feasibility study investigated the effectiveness of an established low-dose mindfulness-based intervention (MBI), called Mindfulness-based Attention Training (MBAT), on mind wandering, attentional performance, and well-being, delivered by a facilitator who was taught how to deliver MBAT. A sample of newly recruited Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) Junior Officers (n = 17) undergoing demanding training participated in the 8-week long MBI with one weekly contact session. Measures of well-being and the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) were completed 4 weeks prior to the MBAT, at the start of the MBAT, at the end of the MBAT and 4 weeks after completion of the MBAT. Results suggest that MBAT might protect from performance decline during intense training and enhance levels of well-being at follow-up. These findings highlight the valuable role of mindfulness as a component in military training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Roemer
- 6420Massey University, School of Psychology, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anna Sutton
- 3717University of Waikato, School of Psychology, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Carsten Grimm
- 8468New Zealand Defence Force, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Oleg N Medvedev
- 3717University of Waikato, School of Psychology, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Chan DKC. Stress and Health Top Papers Award 2021. Stress Health 2022. [PMID: 35294091 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derwin K C Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Hartstone JM, Medvedev ON. The Role of Mindfulness and Life Satisfaction in Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Lockdown in New Zealand: a Quasi-experimental Study. Mindfulness (N Y) 2021; 12:2693-2706. [PMID: 34462646 PMCID: PMC8387552 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Quantitative research on the psychological effects of lockdown conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic is needed to inform mental health interventions which aim to alleviate potential adverse effects. The goal of this study was to investigate psychological distress during the lockdown in New Zealand. Methods We implemented a longitudinal quasi-experimental research design using a sample (n = 81) who completed surveys on mindfulness, satisfaction with life, and mental health indicators at three time-points, separated by at least 2-week intervals. The sample was divided into two parts, the baseline group (n = 44) and the lockdown group (n = 37). The baseline group completed the surveys the first time prior to lockdown, and mostly completed the second and third surveys during lockdown. The lockdown group mostly completed the survey for the first time during lockdown and the second and third surveys during or after lockdown. Results Mindfulness and satisfaction with life at baseline significantly predicted lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress during uncertain and emergency conditions before and during lockdown. The baseline group experienced significantly less anxiety and stress during lockdown compared to just prior to the lockdown (baseline condition). Conclusions Individuals who have higher levels of mindfulness and those with greater life satisfaction experience significantly less depression, anxiety, and stress over time, during both uncertain and emergency conditions such as during the threat of COVID-19. The finding of anxiety and stress reduction during lockdown may be specific to New Zealand, as conditions differ in many ways from those in other countries. Preventative measures which increase mindfulness and satisfaction with life could help alleviate depression, anxiety, and stress during uncertain and emergency conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-021-01731-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne M Hartstone
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Rm K 1.23, Hillcrest, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - Oleg N Medvedev
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Rm K 1.23, Hillcrest, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
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Roemer A, Sutton A, Medvedev ON. The role of dispositional mindfulness in employee readiness for change during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jocm-10-2020-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced organisations to change the way they work to maintain viability, even though change is not always successfully implemented. Multiple scholars have identified employees' readiness for change as an important factor of successful organisational change, but research focussed on psychological factors that facilitate change readiness is scarce. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether employee dispositional mindfulness contributes to readiness for change.Design/methodology/approachEmployees (n = 301) from various industries in New Zealand participated in an online survey shortly after the local COVID-19 lockdown ended. The employees' levels of mindfulness, readiness for change, well-being and distress were assessed using well-validated psychometric scales. Multiple regression analyses tested the effect of mindfulness on readiness for change, with well-being and distress as moderating variables.FindingsThe results show that the effect of mindfulness on readiness for change is moderated by both well-being and distress. Mindfulness has a positive, significant effect on readiness for change when levels of well-being are high and levels of distress are low.Practical implicationsThese findings have important implications for organisations who aim to promote readiness for change in their employees. Even though mindfulness has been shown to be beneficial, organisations also have to consider the mental states of their employees when managing change.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence that dispositional mindfulness may facilitate the employees' readiness for change, but only when levels of well-being are high and distress are low.
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