1
|
Yunus FM, Standage C, Walsh C, Lockhart P, Thompson K, Keough M, Krank M, Hadwin A, Conrod PJ, Stewart SH. High peak drinking levels mediate the relation between impulsive personality and injury risk in emerging adults. Inj Epidemiol 2024; 11:5. [PMID: 38350989 PMCID: PMC10863178 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-024-00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced injury is one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. We investigated the relationship between impulsive personality and physical injury (e.g. falls, sports), and whether peak drinking quantity specifically, and/or risky behaviour more generally, mediates the relationship between impulsivity and injury in undergraduates. METHOD We used data from the winter 2021 UniVenture survey with 1316 first- and second-year undergraduate students aged 18-25 years (79.5% female) from five Canadian Universities. Students completed an online survey regarding their demographics, personality, alcohol use, risky behaviours, and injury experiences. Impulsivity was measured with the substance use risk profile scale, past 30-day peak alcohol use with the quantity-frequency-peak Alcohol Use Index, general risky behaviour with the risky behaviour questionnaire, and past 6-month injury experience with the World Health Organization's (2017) injury measurement questionnaire. RESULTS Of 1316 total participants, 12.9% (n = 170) reported having sustained a physical injury in the past 6 months. Mean impulsivity, peak drinking quantity, and risky behaviour scores were significantly higher among those who reported vs. did not report injury. Impulsivity and peak drinking quantity, but not general risky behaviour, predicted injury in a multi-level generalized mixed model. Mediation analyses supported impulsivity as both a direct predictor of physical injury and an indirect predictor through increased peak drinking (both p < .05), but not through general risky behaviour. CONCLUSION Results imply emerging adults with impulsive tendencies should be identified for selective injury prevention programs and suggest targeting their heavy drinking to decrease their risk for physical injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Md Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Catherine Standage
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Chantal Walsh
- Injury Free Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS, B3K 0E4, Canada
| | - Peri Lockhart
- Injury Free Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS, B3K 0E4, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Matthew Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Marvin Krank
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Allyson Hadwin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bernusky HCR, Tibbo PG, Conrod PJ, Yunus FM, Keough MT, Thompson KD, Krank MD, Hadwin AF, Stewart SH. Do Anxiety Symptoms Mediate the Association Between Cannabis Use Frequency and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Emerging Adult Undergraduates? CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:860-869. [PMID: 37194263 PMCID: PMC10590089 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231176900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabis is commonly used by Canadian emerging adults (ages 18-25 years), many of whom attend post-secondary institutions. Frequent cannabis use is linked with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs); however, the exact nature of this association remains unclear. Anxiety symptoms may mediate this association, as they are prevalent in emerging adults and have been independently linked with both cannabis use and PLEs. Past work found that anxiety mediated the association between cannabis use frequency and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms (further along the psychosis continuum than PLEs), however this research had yet to be validated in the Canadian population, and trait rather than state anxiety (frequency of anxiety symptoms) was studied. Thus, our primary objective was to examine if anxiety symptoms mediated the association between cannabis use frequency and PLEs in Canadian emerging adult undergraduates. Despite known sex differences in cannabis use, expression of anxiety, and PLEs, past work did not evaluate the potential impact of biological sex on the anxiety-mediated model, and thus is the secondary objective of the present study. METHODS 1,266 first-/second-year emerging adult undergraduates from five Canadian universities provided cross-sectional, self-report survey data in fall 2021 semester. Validated measures of cannabis use frequency, anxiety, and PLEs were administered. RESULTS Path analyses supported mediation from cannabis use to PLEs through anxiety (b = 0.07, P < 0.001, 95% bootstrap CI [0.03, 0.10]). No direct effect was found (P = 0.457), suggesting that the cannabis-to-PLEs association was mediated by anxiety. Mediation did not depend on biological sex (i.e., bootstrapped 95% CIs crossed zero). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety symptoms mediated the association between cannabis use and PLEs in emerging adults regardless of their biological sex. Assuming replication in prospective research, results highlight anxiety as an important intervention target in frequent cannabis-using emerging adults, to potentially prevent development/worsening of PLEs, and in turn psychotic illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip G. Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Patricia J. Conrod
- Département de psychiatrie et d’addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fakir Md. Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matthew T. Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, North York, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kara D. Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marvin D. Krank
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allyson F. Hadwin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sherry H. Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen S, Lan X, Yu H. A social network analysis: mental health scales used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1199906. [PMID: 37706038 PMCID: PMC10495585 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The focus on psychological issues during COVID-19 has led to the development of large surveys that involve the use of mental health scales. Numerous mental health measurements are available; choosing the appropriate measurement is crucial. Methods A rule-based named entity recognition was used to recognize entities of mental health scales that occur in the articles from PubMed. The co-occurrence networks of mental health scales and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were constructed by Gephi. Results Five types of MeSH terms were filtered, including research objects, research topics, research methods, countries/regions, and factors. Seventy-eight mental health scales were discovered. Discussion The findings provide insights on the scales used most often during the pandemic, the key instruments used to measure healthcare workers' physical and mental health, the scales most often utilized for assessing maternal mental health, the tools used most commonly for assessing older adults' psychological resilience and loneliness, and new COVID-19 mental health scales. Future studies may use these findings as a guiding reference and compass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue Lan
- Department of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ng TK, Chan W, Wang KWC. Psychometric properties of the traditional Chinese version of the COVID Stress Scales in Hong Kong. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1149221. [PMID: 37033053 PMCID: PMC10080101 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1149221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID Stress Scales (CSS) assess six domains of COVID-19-related stress, including (a) COVID danger, (b) COVID socioeconomic consequences, (c) COVID xenophobia, (d) COVID contamination, (e) COVID traumatic stress symptoms, and (f) COVID compulsive checking. Although the CSS have been validated in various cultural contexts, their psychometric properties in Hong Kong have not been examined. This study endeavors to validate the traditional Chinese version of the 36-item CSS (CSS-36) and the 18-item CSS (CSS-18) in Hong Kong. Method Participants were 521 Hong Kong undergraduate students (61% female) aged from 18 to 26 years (M = 20.65, SD = 1.56). An online questionnaire was used for data collection. Results The results of confirmatory factor analyses supported a six-factor structure for both the CSS-36 and the CSS-18. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses established the gender invariance of the six-factor model for both the CSS-36 and the CSS-18. The CSS-36 and the CSS-18 exhibited good internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity with fear of COVID-19 and negative emotional states. Discussion The findings offer evidence for the psychometric properties of the traditional Chinese version of the CSS-36 and the CSS-18 in the Hong Kong context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Kin Ng
- Department of Psychology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Kin Ng
| | - Wai Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kitty Wan Ching Wang
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Is Anxiety Sensitivity Associated with COVID-19 Related Distress and Adherence among Emerging Adults? PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether anxiety sensitivity (AS) is associated with increased distress and adherence to public health guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduates, and whether increased distress mediates the relationship between AS and increased adherence. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1318 first- and second-year undergraduates (mean age of 19.2 years; 79.5% females) from five Canadian universities. Relevant subscales of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) and the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) were used to assess AS and neuroticism. Three measures tapped distress: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the Brief COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS-B) for COVID-19-specific distress. The COVID-19 Adherence scale (CAD) assessed adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. AS was significantly independently associated with higher general distress (both anxiety and depressive symptoms) and higher COVID-19-specific distress, after controlling age, sex, study site, and neuroticism. Moreover, AS indirectly predicted greater adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures through higher COVID-19-specific distress. Interventions targeting higher AS might be helpful for decreasing both general and COVID-19-specific distress, whereas interventions targeting lower AS might be helpful for increasing adherence to public health containment strategies, in undergraduates.
Collapse
|