1
|
Xu B, Chang H, Yang G, Xu Z, Li J, Gu Z, Li J. An integrated wearable sticker based on extended-gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors for real-time cortisol detection in human sweat. Analyst 2024; 149:958-967. [PMID: 38197472 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02115g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Cortisol hormone imbalances can be detected through non-invasive sweat monitoring using field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors, which provide rapid and sensitive detection. However, challenges like skin compatibility and integration with sweat collection have hindered FET biosensors as wearable sensing platforms. In this study, we present an integrated wearable sticker for real-time cortisol detection based on an extended-gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) combined with a soft bottom substrate and flexible channel for sweat collection. The developed devices exhibit excellent linearity (R2 = 0.990) and a high sensitivity of 1.245 μA dec-1 for cortisol sensing from 1 nM to 100 μM in high-ionic-strength solution, with successful cortisol detection demonstrated using authentic human sweat samples. Additionally, the chip's microminiature design effectively reduces bending impact during the wearable process of traditional soft binding sweat sensors. The extendedgate structure design of the HEMT chip enhances both width-to-length ratio and active sensing area, resulting in an exceptionally low detection limit of 100 fM. Futhermore, due to GaN material's inherent stability, this device exhibits long-term stability with sustained performance within a certain attenuation range even after 60 days. These stickers possess small, lightweight, and portable features that enable real-time cortisol detection within 5 minutes through direct sweat collection. The application of this technology holds great potential in the field of personal health management, facilitating users to conveniently monitor their mental and physical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Xu
- The College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo Yang
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Li
- The College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ji H, Wang Z, Wang S, Wang C, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Han L. Highly Stable InSe-FET Biosensor for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarker CA125. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020193. [PMID: 36831959 PMCID: PMC9954013 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials-based field-effect transistors (FETs) are promising biosensors because of their outstanding electrical properties, tunable band gap, high specific surface area, label-free detection, and potential miniaturization for portable diagnostic products. However, it is crucial for FET biosensors to have a high electrical performance and stability degradation in liquid environments for their practical application. Here, a high-performance InSe-FET biosensor is developed and demonstrated for the detection of the CA125 biomarker in clinical samples. The InSe-FET is integrated with a homemade microfluidic channel, exhibiting good electrical stability during the liquid channel process because of the passivation effect on the InSe channel. The InSe-FET biosensor is capable of the quantitative detection of the CA125 biomarker in breast cancer in the range of 0.01-1000 U/mL, with a detection time of 20 min. This work provides a universal detection tool for protein biomarker sensing. The detection results of the clinical samples demonstrate its promising application in early screenings of major diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ji
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Ji’nan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lai ZX, Wu CC, Huang NT. A Microfluidic Platform with an Embedded Miniaturized Electrochemical Sensor for On-Chip Plasma Extraction Followed by In Situ High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1163. [PMID: 36551130 PMCID: PMC9775575 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood testing is a clinical diagnostic tool to evaluate physiological conditions, the immune system response, or the presence of infection from whole blood samples. Although conventional blood testing can provide rich biological information, it usually requires complicated and tedious whole blood processing steps operated by benchtop instruments and well-experienced technicians, limiting its usage in point-of-care (POC) settings. To address the above problems, we propose a microfluidic platform for on-chip plasma extraction directly from whole blood and in situ biomarker detection. Herein, we chose C-reactive protein (CRP) as the target biomarker, which can be used to predict fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events such as heart attacks and strokes. To achieve a rapid, undiluted, and high-purity on-chip plasma extraction, we combined two whole blood processing methods: (1) anti-D immunoglobulin-assisted sedimentation, and (2) membrane filtration. To perform in situ CRP detection, we fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) microchannel with an embedded electrochemical (EC) sensor, which has a modular design to attach the blood collector and buffer reservoir with standard Luer connectors. As a proof of concept, we first confirmed that the dual plasma extraction design achieved the same purity level as the standard centrifugation method with smaller sample (100 µL of plasma extracted from 400 µL of whole blood) and time (7 min) requirements. Next, we validated the functionalization protocol of the EC sensor, followed by evaluating the detection of CRP spiked in plasma and whole blood. Our microfluidic platform performed on-chip plasma extraction directly from whole blood and in situ CRP detection at a 0.1-10 μg/mL concentration range, covering the CVD risk evaluation level of the high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) test. Based on the above features, we believe that this platform constitutes a flexible way to integrate the processing of complex samples with accurate biomarker detection in a sample-to-answer POC platform, which can be applied in CVD risk monitoring under critical clinical situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xuan Lai
- Graduation Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chien Wu
- Graduation Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Tsu Huang
- Graduation Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amen MT, Pham TTT, Cheah E, Tran DP, Thierry B. Metal-Oxide FET Biosensor for Point-of-Care Testing: Overview and Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227952. [PMID: 36432052 PMCID: PMC9698540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-oxide semiconducting materials are promising for building high-performance field-effect transistor (FET) based biochemical sensors. The existence of well-established top-down scalable manufacturing processes enables the reliable production of cost-effective yet high-performance sensors, two key considerations toward the translation of such devices in real-life applications. Metal-oxide semiconductor FET biochemical sensors are especially well-suited to the development of Point-of-Care testing (PoCT) devices, as illustrated by the rapidly growing body of reports in the field. Yet, metal-oxide semiconductor FET sensors remain confined to date, mainly in academia. Toward accelerating the real-life translation of this exciting technology, we review the current literature and discuss the critical features underpinning the successful development of metal-oxide semiconductor FET-based PoCT devices that meet the stringent performance, manufacturing, and regulatory requirements of PoCT.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dhull N, Kaur G, Jindal K, Verma M, Tomar M. Microfluidics integrated NiO based electrolyte-gated FETs for the detection of cortisol. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9226-9234. [PMID: 36314722 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01652d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Field effect transistors (FETs) have emerged to be an attractive platform for the accurate and rapid detection of biological moieties. The gating effect in a FET when applied through an electrolyte further improves the device sensitivity and response time. The present work involves two aspects for devising an electrolyte-gated FET (EGFET) based platform for the detection of cortisol. The former involves optimization of the semiconducting channel dimensions and its deposition parameters to achieve maximum sensitivity of the device. Afterwards, the optimized device has been integrated with appropriate microfluidic channels for reliable and rapid detection using low sample volumes. A nickel oxide (NiO) thin film has been used as a semiconducting channel and sensing layer. The device has been electrically and structurally characterized and the cortisol sensing performance has been analyzed by binding cortisol antibodies to NiO covalently. A microfluidic system has been optimized for analyte delivery. High sensitivity in a wide linear range of cortisol antigen concentrations from 1 fg mL-1 to 1 μg mL-1 with a low detection limit of 0.5 fg mL-1 and a stability of 7 weeks shows the applicability of the devised structure for point-of-care applications. The final device structure has been analyzed on real saliva samples and the results are found to be in good agreement with the standard ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Dhull
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Department of Physics, Miranda House, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kajal Jindal
- Department of Physics, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mallika Verma
- Department of Physics, Miranda House, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Monika Tomar
- Department of Physics, Miranda House, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dorsey PJ, Scalise D, Schulman R. A model of spatio-temporal regulation within biomaterials using DNA reaction-diffusion waveguides. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220200. [PMID: 36016917 PMCID: PMC9399693 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In multi-cellular organisms, cells and tissues coordinate biochemical signal propagation across length scales spanning micrometres to metres. Designing synthetic materials with similar capacities for coordinated signal propagation could allow these systems to adaptively regulate themselves across space and over time. Here, we combine ideas from cell signalling and electronic circuitry to propose a biochemical waveguide that transmits information in the form of a concentration of a DNA species on a directed path. The waveguide could be seamlessly integrated into a soft material because there is virtually no difference between the chemical or physical properties of the waveguide and the material it is embedded within. We propose the design of DNA strand displacement reactions to construct the system and, using reaction-diffusion models, identify kinetic and diffusive parameters that enable super-diffusive transport of DNA species via autocatalysis. Finally, to support experimental waveguide implementation, we propose a sink reaction and spatially inhomogeneous DNA concentrations that could mitigate the spurious amplification of an autocatalyst within the waveguide, allowing for controlled waveguide triggering. Chemical waveguides could facilitate the design of synthetic biomaterials with distributed sensing machinery integrated throughout their structure and enable coordinated self-regulating programmes triggered by changing environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J. Dorsey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Dominic Scalise
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rebecca Schulman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rizzato S, Monteduro AG, Leo A, Todaro MT, Maruccio G. From ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor to 2D materials field‐effect‐transistor biosensors. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rizzato
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | - Angelo Leo
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheah E, Tran DP, Amen MT, Arrua RD, Hilder EF, Thierry B. Integrated Platform Addressing the Finger-Prick Blood Processing Challenges of Point-of-Care Electrical Biomarker Testing. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1256-1263. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Cheah
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Duy P. Tran
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Mohamed T. Amen
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - R. Dario Arrua
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Emily F. Hilder
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng Z, Zhang H, Zhai T, Xia F. Overcome Debye Length Limitations for Biomolecule Sensing Based on Field Effective Transistors
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Naresh V, Lee N. A Review on Biosensors and Recent Development of Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1109. [PMID: 33562639 PMCID: PMC7915135 DOI: 10.3390/s21041109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A biosensor is an integrated receptor-transducer device, which can convert a biological response into an electrical signal. The design and development of biosensors have taken a center stage for researchers or scientists in the recent decade owing to the wide range of biosensor applications, such as health care and disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, water and food quality monitoring, and drug delivery. The main challenges involved in the biosensor progress are (i) the efficient capturing of biorecognition signals and the transformation of these signals into electrochemical, electrical, optical, gravimetric, or acoustic signals (transduction process), (ii) enhancing transducer performance i.e., increasing sensitivity, shorter response time, reproducibility, and low detection limits even to detect individual molecules, and (iii) miniaturization of the biosensing devices using micro-and nano-fabrication technologies. Those challenges can be met through the integration of sensing technology with nanomaterials, which range from zero- to three-dimensional, possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio, good conductivities, shock-bearing abilities, and color tunability. Nanomaterials (NMs) employed in the fabrication and nanobiosensors include nanoparticles (NPs) (high stability and high carrier capacity), nanowires (NWs) and nanorods (NRs) (capable of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (large surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity), and quantum dots (QDs) (color tunability). Furthermore, these nanomaterials can themselves act as transduction elements. This review summarizes the evolution of biosensors, the types of biosensors based on their receptors, transducers, and modern approaches employed in biosensors using nanomaterials such as NPs (e.g., noble metal NPs and metal oxide NPs), NWs, NRs, CNTs, QDs, and dendrimers and their recent advancement in biosensing technology with the expansion of nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varnakavi. Naresh
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Nohyun Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bhattacharjee A, Nguyen TC, Pachauri V, Ingebrandt S, Vu XT. Comprehensive Understanding of Silicon-Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Impedimetric Readout for Biomolecular Sensing. MICROMACHINES 2020; 12:mi12010039. [PMID: 33396324 PMCID: PMC7823685 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Impedance sensing with silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FETs) shows considerable potential for label-free detection of biomolecules. With this technique, it might be possible to overcome the Debye-screening limitation, a major problem of the classical potentiometric readout. We employed an electronic circuit model in Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) for SiNW-FETs to perform impedimetric measurements through SPICE simulations and quantitatively evaluate influences of various device parameters to the transfer function of the devices. Furthermore, we investigated how biomolecule binding to the surface of SiNW-FETs is influencing the impedance spectra. Based on mathematical analysis and simulation results, we proposed methods that could improve the impedimetric readout of SiNW-FET biosensors and make it more explicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhiroop Bhattacharjee
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.); (V.P.); (S.I.)
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani 333031, India
| | - Thanh Chien Nguyen
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany;
| | - Vivek Pachauri
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.); (V.P.); (S.I.)
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.); (V.P.); (S.I.)
| | - Xuan Thang Vu
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.); (V.P.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chalklen T, Jing Q, Kar-Narayan S. Biosensors Based on Mechanical and Electrical Detection Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5605. [PMID: 33007906 PMCID: PMC7584018 DOI: 10.3390/s20195605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are powerful analytical tools for biology and biomedicine, with applications ranging from drug discovery to medical diagnostics, food safety, and agricultural and environmental monitoring. Typically, biological recognition receptors, such as enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids, are immobilized on a surface, and used to interact with one or more specific analytes to produce a physical or chemical change, which can be captured and converted to an optical or electrical signal by a transducer. However, many existing biosensing methods rely on chemical, electrochemical and optical methods of identification and detection of specific targets, and are often: complex, expensive, time consuming, suffer from a lack of portability, or may require centralised testing by qualified personnel. Given the general dependence of most optical and electrochemical techniques on labelling molecules, this review will instead focus on mechanical and electrical detection techniques that can provide information on a broad range of species without the requirement of labelling. These techniques are often able to provide data in real time, with good temporal sensitivity. This review will cover the advances in the development of mechanical and electrical biosensors, highlighting the challenges and opportunities therein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingshen Jing
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;
| | - Sohini Kar-Narayan
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ban DK, Liu Y, Wang Z, Ramachandran S, Sarkar N, Shi Z, Liu W, Karkisaval AG, Martinez-Loran E, Zhang F, Glinsky G, Bandaru PR, Fan C, Lal R. Direct DNA Methylation Profiling with an Electric Biosensor. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6743-6751. [PMID: 32407064 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the principal epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression in humans, and its profiling provides critical information about health and disease. Current profiling methods require chemical modification of bases followed by sequencing, which is expensive and time-consuming. Here, we report a direct and rapid determination of DNA methylation using an electric biosensor. The device consists of a DNA-tweezer probe integrated on a graphene field-effect transistor for label-free, highly sensitive, and specific methylation profiling. The device performance was evaluated with a target DNA that harbors a sequence of the methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a promoter of glioblastoma multiforme, a lethal brain tumor. The results show that we successfully profiled the methylated and nonmethylated forms at picomolar concentrations. Further, fluorescence kinetics and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the position of the methylation site(s), their proximity, and accessibility to the toe-hold region of the tweezer probe are the primary determinants of the device performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Kumar Ban
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yushuang Liu
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nirjhar Sarkar
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ze Shi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wenhan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Abhijith G Karkisaval
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Erick Martinez-Loran
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Gennadi Glinsky
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Prabhakar R Bandaru
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chunhai Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ratnesh Lal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu X, Zhao L, Miao B, Gu Z, Wang J, Peng H, Li J, Sun W, Li J. Wearable Multiparameter Platform Based on AlGaN/GaN High‐electron‐mobility Transistors for Real‐time Monitoring of pH and Potassium Ions in Sweat. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Liu
- The College of Nuclear Technology and Automation EngineeringChengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 P.R China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- The College of Nuclear Technology and Automation EngineeringChengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 P.R China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 P. R. China
| | - Bin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics Hefei 230022 P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 P. R. China
- The College of Materials Sciences and EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Huoxiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 P. R. China
- The College of Materials Sciences and EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Jiande Li
- National center of quality supervision and inspection on deep processing silcon products, Donghai County Lianyungang 222300 P.R China
| | - Wei Sun
- The College of Nuclear Technology and Automation EngineeringChengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 P.R China
| | - Jiadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215125 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tran DP, Winter M, Yang CT, Stockmann R, Offenhäusser A, Thierry B. Silicon Nanowires Field Effect Transistors: A Comparative Sensing Performance between Electrical Impedance and Potentiometric Measurement Paradigms. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12568-12573. [PMID: 31483135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric sensors based on silicon nanowire field effect transistors (SiNW FETs) typically display exquisite sensitivities, but their bioanalytical implementation is limited due to the need for stringent measurement conditions and high-precision readout units. An alternative operation principle where SiNW FETs are operated in a frequency-domain electrical impedimetric approach is promising. However, to date only limited data is available in regard to the sensing performance and translational relevance of this novel approach in comparison to the standard charge detection paradigm. We demonstrate the feasibility of conducting electrical impedimetric FET measurements with a portable unit for the ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in biospecimens. Compared to standard potentiometric measurements, electrical impedimetric FET measurements yielded significant improvements in biosensing performances, including the limit of detection, sensing resolution, and dynamic range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duy P Tran
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Marnie Winter
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Chih-Tsung Yang
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Regina Stockmann
- Institute of Complex Systems Bioelectronics , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52425 , Jülich , Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Complex Systems Bioelectronics , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52425 , Jülich , Germany
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jeun M, Lee HJ, Park S, Do E, Choi J, Sung Y, Hong S, Kim S, Kim D, Kang JY, Son H, Joo J, Song EM, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang D, Ye BD, Byeon J, Choe J, Yang S, Moinova H, Markowitz SD, Lee KH, Myung S. A Novel Blood-Based Colorectal Cancer Diagnostic Technology Using Electrical Detection of Colon Cancer Secreted Protein-2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802115. [PMID: 31179210 PMCID: PMC6548955 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, which may be effectively reduced by early screening. Colon cancer secreted protein-2 (CCSP-2) is a promising blood marker for CRC. An electric-field effect colorectal sensor (E-FECS), an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor under dual gate operation with nanostructure is developed, to quantify CCSP-2 directly from patient blood samples. The sensing performance of the E-FECS is verified in 7 controls and 7 CRC samples, and it is clinically validated on 30 controls, 30 advanced adenomas, and 81 CRC cases. The concentration of CCSP-2 is significantly higher in plasma samples from CRC and advanced adenoma compared with controls (both P < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity for CRC versus controls are 44.4% and 86.7%, respectively (AUC of 0.67), and 43.3% and 86.7%, respectively, for advanced adenomas (AUC of 0.67). CCSP-2 detects a greater number of CRC cases than carcinoembryonic antigen does (45.6% vs 24.1%), and the combination of the two markers detects an even greater number of cases (53.2%). The E-FECS system successfully detects CCSP-2 in a wide range of samples including early stage cancers and advanced adenoma. CCSP-2 has potential for use as a blood-based biomarker for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Jeun
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)5 Hwarangno 14‐gilSeongbuk‐guSeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Lee
- Health Screening & Promotion CenterAsan Medical Center88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Park
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)5 Hwarangno 14‐gilSeongbuk‐guSeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science & TechnologyKIST School – Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)5 Hwarangno 14‐gilSeongbuk‐guSeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Eun‐ju Do
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical Center88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)5 Hwarangno 14‐gilSeongbuk‐guSeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - You‐Na Sung
- Department of PathologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Mo Hong
- Department of PathologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical Center88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence MedicineUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hee Kim
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical Center88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Kang
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical Center88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Hye‐Nam Son
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical Center88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical Center88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence MedicineUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Song
- Department of GastroenterologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of GastroenterologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of GastroenterologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hoon Yang
- Department of GastroenterologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of GastroenterologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Sik Byeon
- Department of GastroenterologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choe
- Health Screening & Promotion CenterAsan Medical Center88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Department of GastroenterologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Suk‐Kyun Yang
- Department of GastroenterologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Moinova
- Department of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOHUSA
| | - Sanford D. Markowitz
- Department of Medicine and Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid AveClevelandOHUSA
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center10900 Euclid AveClevelandOHUSA
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)5 Hwarangno 14‐gilSeongbuk‐guSeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science & TechnologyKIST School – Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)5 Hwarangno 14‐gilSeongbuk‐guSeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Jae Myung
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical Center88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence MedicineUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
- Department of GastroenterologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine88 Olympic‐ro 43‐gilSongpa‐guSeoul05505Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mandal S, Banerjee M, Roy S, Mandal A, Ghosh A, Satpati B, Goswami DK. Organic Field-Effect Transistor-Based Ultrafast, Flexible, Physiological-Temperature Sensors with Hexagonal Barium Titanate Nanocrystals in Amorphous Matrix as Sensing Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4193-4202. [PMID: 30596233 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with hexagonal barium titanate nanocrystals (h-BTNCs) in amorphous matrix as one of the bilayer dielectric systems have been fabricated on a highly flexible 10 μm thick poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate. The device current and mobility remain constant up to a bending radius of 4 mm, which makes the substrate suitable for wearable e-skin applications. h-BTNC films are found to be highly temperature-sensitive, and the OFETs designed based on this material showed ultraprecision measurement (∼4.3 mK), low power (∼1 μW at 1.2 V operating voltage), and ultrafast response (∼24 ms) in sensing temperature over a range of 20-45 °C continuously. The sensors are highly stable around body temperature and work at various extreme conditions, such as under water and in solutions of different pH values and various salt concentrations. These properties make this sensor unique and highly suitable for various healthcare and other applications, wherein a small variation of temperature around this temperature range is required to be measured at an ultrahigh speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mandal
- Department of Physics, Organic Electronics Laboratory , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Madhuchanda Banerjee
- Department of Zoology , Midnapore College (Autonomous) , Midnapore 721101 , India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Department of Physics, Organic Electronics Laboratory , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Ajoy Mandal
- Department of Physics, Organic Electronics Laboratory , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Organic Electronics Laboratory , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Biswarup Satpati
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI , 1/AF Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Dipak K Goswami
- Department of Physics, Organic Electronics Laboratory , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maity A, Sui X, Jin B, Pu H, Bottum KJ, Huang X, Chang J, Zhou G, Lu G, Chen J. Resonance-Frequency Modulation for Rapid, Point-of-Care Ebola-Glycoprotein Diagnosis with a Graphene-Based Field-Effect Biotransistor. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14230-14238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Maity
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Sui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Bing Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Haihui Pu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Kai J. Bottum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Xingkang Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Jingbo Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Guihua Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Ganhua Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Syedmoradi L, Esmaeili F, Norton ML. Towards DNA methylation detection using biosensors. Analyst 2018; 141:5922-5943. [PMID: 27704092 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation, a stable and heritable covalent modification which mostly occurs in the context of a CpG dinucleotide, has great potential as a biomarker to detect disease, provide prognoses and predict therapeutic responses. It can be detected in a quantitative manner by many different approaches both genome-wide and at specific gene loci, in various biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and serum, which can be obtained without invasive procedures. The current, classical methods are effective in studying DNA methylation patterns, however, for the most part; they have major drawbacks such as expensive instruments, complicated and time consuming protocols as well as relatively low sensitivity, and high false positive rates. To overcome these obstacles, great efforts have been made toward the development of reliable sensor devices to solve these limitations, providing sensitive, fast and cost-effective measurements. The use of biosensors for DNA methylation biomarkers has increased in recent years, because they are portable, simple, rapid, and inexpensive which offers a straightforward way to detect methylated biomarkers. In this review, we give an overview of the conventional techniques for the detection of DNA methylation and then will focus on recent advances in biosensor based methylation detection that eliminate bisulfite conversion and PCR amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Syedmoradi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Esmaeili
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael L Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Watanabe K, Nomoto M, Nakamura F, Hachuda S, Sakata A, Watanabe T, Goshima Y, Baba T. Label-free and spectral-analysis-free detection of neuropsychiatric disease biomarkers using an ion-sensitive GaInAsP nanolaser biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:161-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
21
|
Jang HJ, Lee T, Song J, Russell L, Li H, Dailey J, Searson PC, Katz HE. Electronic Cortisol Detection Using an Antibody-Embedded Polymer Coupled to a Field-Effect Transistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16233-16237. [PMID: 29701946 PMCID: PMC6026499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A field-effect transistor-based cortisol sensor was demonstrated in physiological conditions. An antibody-embedded polymer on the remote gate was proposed to overcome the Debye length issue (λD). The sensing membrane was made by linking poly(styrene- co-methacrylic acid) (PSMA) with anticortisol before coating the modified polymer on the remote gate. The embedded receptor in the polymer showed sensitivity from 10 fg/mL to 10 ng/mL for cortisol and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 pg/mL in 1× PBS where λD is 0.2 nm. A LOD of 1 ng/mL was shown in lightly buffered artificial sweat. Finally, a sandwich ELISA confirmed the antibody binding activity of antibody-embedded PSMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-June Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2608, United States
| | - Taein Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2608, United States
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2608, United States
| | - Luisa Russell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2608, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2608, United States
| | - Jennifer Dailey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2608, United States
| | - Peter C. Searson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2608, United States
| | - Howard E. Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2608, United States
- Corresponding Author: (H.E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tran DP, Pham TTT, Wolfrum B, Offenhäusser A, Thierry B. CMOS-Compatible Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor: Technology Development toward Commercialization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E785. [PMID: 29751688 PMCID: PMC5978162 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their two-dimensional confinements, silicon nanowires display remarkable optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Of special interest has been the development of advanced biosensing approaches based on the field effect associated with silicon nanowires (SiNWs). Recent advancements in top-down fabrication technologies have paved the way to large scale production of high density and quality arrays of SiNW field effect transistor (FETs), a critical step towards their integration in real-life biosensing applications. A key requirement toward the fulfilment of SiNW FETs' promises in the bioanalytical field is their efficient integration within functional devices. Aiming to provide a comprehensive roadmap for the development of SiNW FET based sensing platforms, we critically review and discuss the key design and fabrication aspects relevant to their development and integration within complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duy Phu Tran
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Nano-Bio Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Pham
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Nano-Bio Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Nano-Bio Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Thomas MS, White SP, Dorfman KD, Frisbie CD. Interfacial Charge Contributions to Chemical Sensing by Electrolyte-Gated Transistors with Floating Gates. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1335-1339. [PMID: 29509017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The floating gate, electrolyte-gated transistor (FGT) is a chemical sensing device utilizing a floating gate electrode to physically separate and electronically couple the active sensing area with the transistor. The FGT platform has yielded promising results for the detection of DNA and proteins, but questions remain regarding its fundamental operating mechanism. Using carboxylic acid-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) exposed to solutions of different pH, we create a charged surface and hence characterize the role that interfacial charge concentration plays relative to capacitance changes. The results agree with theoretical predictions from conventional double-layer theory, rationalizing nonlinear responses obtained at high analyte concentrations in previous work using the FGT architecture. Our study elucidates an important effect in the sensing mechanism of FGTs, expanding opportunities for the rational optimization of these devices for chemical and biochemical detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew S Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave. SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Scott P White
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave. SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Kevin D Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave. SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave. SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xing Y, Dittrich PS. One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Microfluidic-Based Synthesis, Alignment and Integration towards Functional Sensing Devices. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18010134. [PMID: 29303990 PMCID: PMC5795670 DOI: 10.3390/s18010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures offers tremendous advantages over bulk approaches e.g., the laminar flow, reduced sample consumption and control of self-assembly of nanostructures. In addition to the synthesis, the integration of 1D nanomaterials into microfluidic chips can enable the development of diverse functional microdevices. 1D nanomaterials have been used in applications such as catalysts, electronic instrumentation and sensors for physical parameters or chemical compounds and biomolecules and hence, can be considered as building blocks. Here, we outline and critically discuss promising strategies for microfluidic-assisted synthesis, alignment and various chemical and biochemical applications of 1D nanostructures. In particular, the use of 1D nanostructures for sensing chemical/biological compounds are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Xing
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e. V, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shan J, Li J, Chu X, Xu M, Jin F, Wang X, Ma L, Fang X, Wei Z, Wang X. High sensitivity glucose detection at extremely low concentrations using a MoS2-based field-effect transistor. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7942-7948. [PMID: 35541987 PMCID: PMC9078572 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13614e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted much attention because of the unique properties of MoS2 nano-materials as an ideal channel material. Using a MoS2 FET as a glucose solution biosensor has the advantages of high sensitivity and rapid response. This paper is concerned with the fabrication of a bilayer MoS2-based FET and the study of its application in the high sensitivity detection of an extremely low concentration glucose solution. It was found that the source-drain current (Ids) increases as the concentration of the glucose solution increases at the same gate voltage (Vgs) and drain voltage (Vds). The sensitivity of the biosensor as high as 260.75 mA mM−1 has been calculated and the detection limit of 300 nM was measured. The unknown concentration of a glucose solution was also detected using data based on the relationship between Ids and glucose solution concentration. In addition, many significant advantages of the biosensor were observed, such as short response time (<1 s), good stability, wide linear detection range (300 nM to 30 mM) and the micro-detection of glucose solutions. These unique properties make the bilayer MoS2-based FET a great potential candidate for next generation biosensors. The high sensitivity (260.75 mA mM−1) detection of an extremely low concentration (300 nM) glucose solution is demonstrated by the bilayer MoS2 FET based biosensor.![]()
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang S, Geryak R, Geldmeier J, Kim S, Tsukruk VV. Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications of Hybrid Nanostructures for Biosensing. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12942-13038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidi Zhang
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ren Geryak
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jeffrey Geldmeier
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Sunghan Kim
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Park S, Choi J, Jeun M, Kim Y, Yuk SS, Kim SK, Song CS, Lee S, Lee KH. Detection of Avian Influenza Virus from Cloacal Swabs Using a Disposable Well Gate FET Sensor. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28509437 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Current methods to detect avian influenza viruses (AIV) are time consuming and lo inw sensitivity, necessitating a faster and more sensitive sensor for on-site epidemic detection in poultry farms and urban population centers. This study reports a field effect transistor (FET) based AIV sensor that detects nucleoproteins (NP) within 30 minutes, down to an LOD of 103 EID50 mL-1 from a live animal cloacal swab. Previously reported FET sensors for AIV detection have not targeted NPs, an internal protein shared across multiple strains, due to the difficulty of field-effect sensing in a highly ionic lysis buffer. The AIV sensor overcomes the sensitivity limit with an FET-based platform enhanced with a disposable well gate (DWG) that is readily replaceable after each measurement. In a single procedure, the virus-containing sample is immersed in a lysis buffer mixture to expose NPs to the DWG surface. In comparison with commercial AIV rapid kits, the AIV sensor is proved to be highly sensitive, fast, and compact, proving its potential effectiveness as a portable biosensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Park
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebin Choi
- Sensor System Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Minhong Jeun
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdeok Kim
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Yuk
- Avian diseases laboratory; Colleage of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyung Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian diseases laboratory; Colleage of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Lee
- Sensor System Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lim CM, Kwon JY, Cho WJ. Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor Platform Fused with Drosophila Odorant-Binding Proteins for Instant Ethanol Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14051-14057. [PMID: 28374580 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) have attracted considerable attention as sensing substrates for the development of olfactory biosensors. The Drosophila LUSH protein is an OBP and is known to bind to various alcohols. Technology that uses the LUSH protein has great potential to provide crucial information through odorant detection. In this work, the LUSH protein was used as a sensing substrate to detect the ethanol concentration. Furthermore, we fused the LUSH protein with a silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) to measure the electrical signals that arise from molecular interactions between the LUSH and ethanol. A dual-gate sensing system for self-amplification of the signal resulting from the molecular interaction between the LUSH and ethanol was then used to achieve a much higher sensitivity than a conventional ISFET. In the end, we successfully detected ethanol at concentrations ranging between 0.001 and 1% using the LUSH OBP-fused ISFET olfactory sensor. The OBP-fused SOI-based olfactory ISFET sensor can lead to the development of handheld sensors for various purposes such as detecting toxic chemicals, narcotics control, testing for food freshness, and noninvasive diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Min Lim
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University , 20 Gwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University , Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Cho
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University , 20 Gwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Toh RJ, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Han J, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Group 6 Layered Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices: 1T-Phase WS2 for Microfluidics Non-Enzymatic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4978-4985. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rou Jun Toh
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, S16-05-08, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, S16-05-08, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biological
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Joh DY, McGuire F, Abedini-Nassab R, Andrews JB, Achar RK, Zimmers Z, Mozhdehi D, Blair R, Albarghouthi F, Oles W, Richter J, Fontes CM, Hucknall AM, Yellen BB, Franklin AD, Chilkoti A. Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) Brushes on High-κ Metal Oxide Dielectric Surfaces for Bioelectrical Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5522-5529. [PMID: 28117566 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in electronics and life sciences have generated interest in "lab-on-a-chip" systems utilizing complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry for low-power, portable, and cost-effective biosensing platforms. Here, we present a simple and reliable approach for coating "high-κ" metal oxide dielectric materials with "non-fouling" (protein- and cell-resistant) poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (POEGMA) polymer brushes as biointerfacial coatings to improve their relevance for biosensing applications utilizing advanced electronic components. By using a surface-initiated "grafting from" strategy, POEGMA films were reliably grown on each material, as confirmed by ellipsometric measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The electrical behavior of these POEGMA films was also studied to determine the potential impact on surrounding electronic devices, yielding information on relative permittivity and breakdown field for POEGMA in both dry and hydrated states. We show that the incorporation of POEGMA coatings significantly reduced levels of nonspecific protein adsorption compared to uncoated high-κ dielectric oxide surfaces as shown by protein resistance assays. These attributes, combined with the robust dielectric properties of POEGMA brushes on high-κ surfaces open the way to incorporate this protein and cell resistant polymer interface into CMOS devices for biomolecular detection in a complex liquid milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Felicia McGuire
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph B Andrews
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rohan K Achar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zackary Zimmers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Darush Mozhdehi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rebecca Blair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Faris Albarghouthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - William Oles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jacob Richter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Cassio M Fontes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Angus M Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Benjamin B Yellen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Aaron D Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li X, Shan J, Zhang W, Su S, Yuwen L, Wang L. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1602660. [PMID: 27982538 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades, a giant leap in the development of nanotechnology has been witnessed. Numerous nanomaterials with different dimensions and unprecedented features have been developed and provided unimaginably wide scope to solve the challenging problems in biomedicine, such as cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanosheets (NSs), including MoS2 , WS2 , and etc., have emerged as novel inorganic graphene analogues and attracted tremendous attention due to their unique structures and distinctive properties, and opened up great opportunities for biomedical applications, including ultrasensitive biosensing, biological imaging, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and antibacterial treatment. A comprehensive overview of different synthetic methods of ultrathin 2D TMDC NSs and their state-of-the-art biomedical applications, especially those that have appeared in the past few years, is presented. At the end of this review, the future opportunities and challenges for 2D TMDC NSs in biomedicine are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingyang Shan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shao Su
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lihui Yuwen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou W, Dai X, Lieber CM. Advances in nanowire bioelectronics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:016701. [PMID: 27823988 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/016701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires represent powerful building blocks for next generation bioelectronics given their attractive properties, including nanometer-scale footprint comparable to subcellular structures and bio-molecules, configurable in nonstandard device geometries readily interfaced with biological systems, high surface-to-volume ratios, fast signal responses, and minimum consumption of energy. In this review article, we summarize recent progress in the field of nanowire bioelectronics with a focus primarily on silicon nanowire field-effect transistor biosensors. First, the synthesis and assembly of semiconductor nanowires will be described, including the basics of nanowire FETs crucial to their configuration as biosensors. Second, we will introduce and review recent results in nanowire bioelectronics for biomedical applications ranging from label-free sensing of biomolecules, to extracellular and intracellular electrophysiological recording.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
MoS2, a family member of transition-metal dichalcogenides, has shown highly attractive superiority for detection arising from its unique physical and chemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Yan
- Department of Gerontology
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212001
- P. R. China
| | - Haixia Shi
- P. E. Department of Dalian Jiaotong University
- Dalian 116028
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Sui
- P. E. Department of Dalian Jiaotong University
- Dalian 116028
- P. R. China
| | - Zebin Deng
- Institute of Life Sciences
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Institute of Life Sciences
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Duan C, Alibakhshi MA, Kim DK, Brown CM, Craik CS, Majumdar A. Label-Free Electrical Detection of Enzymatic Reactions in Nanochannels. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7476-84. [PMID: 27472431 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report label-free electrical detection of enzymatic reactions using 2-D nanofluidic channels and investigate reaction kinetics of enzymatic reactions on immobilized substrates in nanoscale-confined spaces. Trypsin proteolysis is chosen for demonstration of the detection scheme. When trypsin cleaves poly-l-lysine coated on the surface of silica nanochannels, the resulting change of surface charge density can be detected by monitoring the ionic conductance of the nanochannels. Our results show that detection of such surface enzymatic reactions is faster than detection of surface binding reactions in nanochannels for low-concentration analytes. Furthermore, the nanochannel sensor has a sensitivity down to 5 ng/mL, which statistically corresponds to a single enzyme per nanochannel. Our results also suggest that enzyme kinetics in nanochannels is fundamentally different from that in bulk solutions or plain surfaces. Such enzymatic reactions form two clear self-propagating reaction fronts inside the nanochannels, and the reaction fronts follow square-root time dependences at high enzyme concentrations due to significant nonspecific adsorption. However, at low enzyme concentrations when nonspecific adsorption is negligible, the reaction fronts propagate linearly with time, and the corresponding propagation speed is related to the channel geometry, enzyme concentration, catalytic reaction constant, diffusion coefficient, and substrate surface density. Optimization of this nanochannel sensor could lead to a quick-response, highly sensitive, and label-free sensor for enzyme assay and kinetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhua Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mohammad Amin Alibakhshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Dong-Kwon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Arun Majumdar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Sensitive and quantitative analysis of proteins and other biochemical species are central to disease diagnosis, drug screening and proteomic studies. Research advances exploiting SiNWs configured as FETs for biomolecule analysis have emerged as one of the most promising and powerful platforms for label-free, real-time, and sensitive electrical detection of proteins as well as many other biological species. In this chapter, we first briefly introduce the fundamental principle for semiconductor NW-FET sensors. Representative examples of semiconductor NW sensors are then summarized for sensitive chemical and biomolecule detection, including proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and small molecules. In addition, this chapter discusses several electrical and surface functionalization methods for enhancing the sensitivity of semiconductor NW sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Gengfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
As the future of health care diagnostics moves toward more portable and personalized techniques, there is immense potential to harness the power of electrical signals for biological sensing and diagnostic applications at the point of care. Electrical biochips can be used to both manipulate and sense biological entities, as they can have several inherent advantages, including on-chip sample preparation, label-free detection, reduced cost and complexity, decreased sample volumes, increased portability, and large-scale multiplexing. The advantages of fully integrated electrical biochip platforms are particularly attractive for point-of-care systems. This review summarizes these electrical lab-on-a-chip technologies and highlights opportunities to accelerate the transition from academic publications to commercial success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Reddy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Eric Salm
- Department of Bioengineering, and
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
- Department of Bioengineering, and
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tran DP, Winter MA, Wolfrum B, Stockmann R, Yang CT, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, Offenhäusser A, Thierry B. Toward Intraoperative Detection of Disseminated Tumor Cells in Lymph Nodes with Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistors. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2357-64. [PMID: 26859618 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Within an hour, as little as one disseminated tumor cell (DTC) per lymph node can be quantitatively detected using an intraoperative biosensing platform based on silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW FET). It is also demonstrated that the integrated biosensing platform is able to detect the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of colorectal cancer patients. The presence of DTCs in lymph nodes and CTCs in peripheral blood is highly significant as it is strongly associated with poor patient prognosis. The SiNW FET sensing platform out-performed in both sensitivity and rapidity not only the current standard method based on pathological examination of tissue sections but also the emerging clinical gold standard based on molecular assays. The possibility to achieve accurate and highly sensitive analysis of the presence of DTCs in the lymphatics within the surgery time frame has the potential to spare cancer patients from an unnecessary secondary surgery, leading to reduced patient morbidity, improving their psychological wellbeing and reducing time spent in hospital. This study demonstrates the potential of nanoscale field-effect technology in clinical cancer diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duy P Tran
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Marnie A Winter
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Regina Stockmann
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Chih-Tsung Yang
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | | | | | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Nano-bioelectronics represents a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field that combines nanomaterials with biology and electronics and, in so doing, offers the potential to overcome existing challenges in bioelectronics. In particular, shrinking electronic transducer dimensions to the nanoscale and making their properties appear more biological can yield significant improvements in the sensitivity and biocompatibility and thereby open up opportunities in fundamental biology and healthcare. This review emphasizes recent advances in nano-bioelectronics enabled with semiconductor nanostructures, including silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. First, the synthesis and electrical properties of these nanomaterials are discussed in the context of bioelectronics. Second, affinity-based nano-bioelectronic sensors for highly sensitive analysis of biomolecules are reviewed. In these studies, semiconductor nanostructures as transistor-based biosensors are discussed from fundamental device behavior through sensing applications and future challenges. Third, the complex interface between nanoelectronics and living biological systems, from single cells to live animals, is reviewed. This discussion focuses on representative advances in electrophysiology enabled using semiconductor nanostructures and their nanoelectronic devices for cellular measurements through emerging work where arrays of nanoelectronic devices are incorporated within three-dimensional cell networks that define synthetic and natural tissues. Last, some challenges and exciting future opportunities are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee IK, Jeun M, Jang HJ, Cho WJ, Lee KH. A self-amplified transistor immunosensor under dual gate operation: highly sensitive detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:16789-16797. [PMID: 26399739 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs), although they have attracted considerable attention as effective immunosensors, have still not been adopted for practical applications owing to several problems: (1) the poor sensitivity caused by the short Debye screening length in media with high ion concentration, (2) time-consuming preconditioning processes for achieving the highly-diluted media, and (3) the low durability caused by undesirable ions such as sodium chloride in the media. Here, we propose a highly sensitive immunosensor based on a self-amplified transistor under dual gate operation (immuno-DG ISFET) for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. To address the challenges in current ISFET-based immunosensors, we have enhanced the sensitivity of an immunosensor by precisely tailoring the nanostructure of the transistor. In the pH sensing test, the immuno-DG ISFET showed superior sensitivity (2085.53 mV per pH) to both standard ISFET under single gate operation (58.88 mV per pH) and DG ISFET with a non-tailored transistor (381.14 mV per pH). Moreover, concerning the detection of hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) using the immuno-DG ISFET, we have successfully detected trace amounts of HBsAg (22.5 fg mL(-1)) in a non-diluted 1× PBS medium with a high sensitivity of 690 mV. Our results demonstrate that the proposed immuno-DG ISFET can be a biosensor platform for practical use in the diagnosis of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-K Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kirste R, Rohrbaugh N, Bryan I, Bryan Z, Collazo R, Ivanisevic A. Electronic Biosensors Based on III-Nitride Semiconductors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:149-169. [PMID: 26048553 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We review recent advances of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT)-based electronic biosensors. We discuss properties and fabrication of III-nitride-based biosensors. Because of their superior biocompatibility and aqueous stability, GaN-based devices are ready to be implemented as next-generation biosensors. We review surface properties, cleaning, and passivation as well as different pathways toward functionalization, and critically analyze III-nitride-based biosensors demonstrated in the literature, including those detecting DNA, bacteria, cancer antibodies, and toxins. We also discuss the high potential of these biosensors for monitoring living cardiac, fibroblast, and nerve cells. Finally, we report on current developments of covalent chemical functionalization of III-nitride devices. Our review concludes with a short outlook on future challenges and projected implementation directions of GaN-based HEMT biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Kirste
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yin PT, Shah S, Chhowalla M, Lee KB. Design, synthesis, and characterization of graphene-nanoparticle hybrid materials for bioapplications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2483-531. [PMID: 25692385 PMCID: PMC5808865 DOI: 10.1021/cr500537t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Perry T. Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Shreyas Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Manish Chhowalla
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Low-cost photolithographic fabrication of nanowires and microfilters for advanced bioassay devices. SENSORS 2015; 15:6091-104. [PMID: 25774709 PMCID: PMC4435220 DOI: 10.3390/s150306091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Integrated microfluidic devices with nanosized array electrodes and microfiltration capabilities can greatly increase sensitivity and enhance automation in immunoassay devices. In this contribution, we utilize the edge-patterning method of thin aluminum (Al) films in order to form nano- to micron-sized gaps. Evaporation of high work-function metals (i.e., Au, Ag, etc.) on these gaps, followed by Al lift-off, enables the formation of electrical uniform nanowires from low-cost, plastic-based, photomasks. By replacing Al with chromium (Cr), the formation of high resolution, custom-made photomasks that are ideal for low-cost fabrication of a plurality of array devices were realized. To demonstrate the feasibility of such Cr photomasks, SU-8 micro-pillar masters were formed and replicated into PDMS to produce micron-sized filters with 3–4 µm gaps and an aspect ratio of 3. These microfilters were capable of retaining 6 µm beads within a localized site, while allowing solvent flow. The combination of nanowire arrays and micro-pillar filtration opens new perspectives for rapid R&D screening of various microfluidic-based immunoassay geometries, where analyte pre-concentration and highly sensitive, electrochemical detection can be readily co-localized.
Collapse
|
43
|
Bain LE, Ivanisevic A. Engineering the cell-semiconductor interface: a materials modification approach using II-VI and III-V semiconductor materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:768-780. [PMID: 25387841 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing functional biomedical devices based on semiconductor materials requires an understanding of interactions taking place at the material-biosystem interface. Cell behavior is dependent on the local physicochemical environment. While standard routes of material preparation involve chemical functionalization of the active surface, this review emphasizes both biocompatibility of unmodified surfaces as well as use of topographic features in manipulating cell-material interactions. Initially, the review discusses experiments involving unmodified II-VI and III-V semiconductors - a starting point for assessing cytotoxicity and biocompatibility - followed by specific surface modification, including the generation of submicron roughness or the potential effect of quantum dot structures. Finally, the discussion turns to more recent work in coupling topography and specific chemistry, enhancing the tunability of the cell-semiconductor interface. With this broadened materials approach, researchers' ability to tune the interactions between semiconductors and biological environments continues to improve, reaching new heights in device function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Bain
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Engineering Building 1, Raleigh, NC, 27603, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bain LE, Hoffmann MP, Bryan I, Collazo R, Ivanisevic A. Adsorption and adhesion of common serum proteins to nanotextured gallium nitride. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2360-2365. [PMID: 25564044 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06353h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As the broader effort towards device and material miniaturization progresses in all fields, it becomes increasingly important to understand the implications of working with functional structures that approach the size scale of molecules, particularly when considering biological systems. It is well known that thin films and nanostructures feature different optical, electrical, and mechanical properties from their bulk composites; however, interactions taking place at the interface between nanomaterials and their surroundings are less understood. Here, we explore interactions between common serum proteins - serum albumin, fibrinogen, and immunoglobulin G - and a nanotextured gallium nitride surface. Atomic force microscopy with a carboxyl-terminated colloid tip is used to probe the 'activity' of proteins adsorbed onto the surface, including both the accessibility of the terminal amine to the tip as well as the potential for protein extension. By evaluating the frequency of tip-protein interactions, we can establish differences in protein behaviour on the basis of both the surface roughness as well as morphology, providing an assessment of the role of surface texture in dictating protein-surface interactions. Unidirectional surface features - either the half-unit cell steppes of as-grown GaN or those produced by mechanical polishing - appear to promote protein accessibility, with a higher frequency of protein extension events taking place on these surfaces when compared with less ordered surface features. Development of a full understanding of the factors influencing surface-biomolecule interactions can pave the way for specific surface modification to tailor the bio-material interface, offering a new path for device optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Bain
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building 3, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tran DP, Wolfrum B, Stockmann R, Pai JH, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, Offenhäusser A, Thierry B. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatible silicon nanowires-on-a-chip: fabrication and preclinical validation for the detection of a cancer prognostic protein marker in serum. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1662-8. [PMID: 25531273 DOI: 10.1021/ac503374j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An integrated translational biosensing technology based on arrays of silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW FETs) is described and has been preclinically validated for the ultrasensitive detection of the cancer biomarker ALCAM in serum. High-quality SiNW arrays have been rationally designed toward their implementation as molecular biosensors. The FET sensing platform has been fabricated using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible process. Reliable and reproducible electrical performance has been demonstrated via electrical characterization using a custom-designed portable readout device. Using this platform, the cancer prognostic marker ALCAM could be detected in serum with a detection limit of 15.5 pg/mL. Importantly, the detection could be completed in less than 30 min and span a wide dynamic detection range (∼10(5)). The SiNW-on-a-chip biosensing technology paves the way to the translational clinical application of FET in the detection of cancer protein markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duy P Tran
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang W, Diallo AK, Dailey JL, Besar K, Katz HE. Electrochemical processes and mechanistic aspects of field-effect sensors for biomolecules. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2015; 3:6445-6470. [PMID: 29238595 PMCID: PMC5724786 DOI: 10.1039/c5tc00755k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electronic biosensing is a leading technology for determining concentrations of biomolecules. In some cases, the presence of an analyte molecule induces a measured change in current flow, while in other cases, a new potential difference is established. In the particular case of a field effect biosensor, the potential difference is monitored as a change in conductance elsewhere in the device, such as across a film of an underlying semiconductor. Often, the mechanisms that lead to these responses are not specifically determined. Because improved understanding of these mechanisms will lead to improved performance, it is important to highlight those studies where various mechanistic possibilities are investigated. This review explores a range of possible mechanistic contributions to field-effect biosensor signals. First, we define the field-effect biosensor and the chemical interactions that lead to the field effect, followed by a section on theoretical and mechanistic background. We then discuss materials used in field-effect biosensors and approaches to improving signals from field-effect biosensors. We specifically cover the biomolecule interactions that produce local electric fields, structures and processes at interfaces between bioanalyte solutions and electronic materials, semiconductors used in biochemical sensors, dielectric layers used in top-gated sensors, and mechanisms for converting the surface voltage change to higher signal/noise outputs in circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 206 Maryland Hall, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdou Karim Diallo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 206 Maryland Hall, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Dailey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 206 Maryland Hall, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kalpana Besar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 206 Maryland Hall, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 206 Maryland Hall, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Two-dimensional layered MoS₂ biosensors enable highly sensitive detection of biomolecules. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7352. [PMID: 25516382 PMCID: PMC4268637 DOI: 10.1038/srep07352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a MoS2 biosensor to electrically detect prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a highly sensitive and label-free manner. Unlike previous MoS2-FET-based biosensors, the device configuration of our biosensors does not require a dielectric layer such as HfO2 due to the hydrophobicity of MoS2. Such an oxide-free operation improves sensitivity and simplifies sensor design. For a quantitative and selective detection of PSA antigen, anti-PSA antibody was immobilized on the sensor surface. Then, introduction of PSA antigen, into the anti-PSA immobilized sensor surface resulted in a lable-free immunoassary format. Measured off-state current of the device showed a significant decrease as the applied PSA concentration was increased. The minimum detectable concentration of PSA is 1 pg/mL, which is several orders of magnitude below the clinical cut-off level of ~4 ng/mL. In addition, we also provide a systematic theoretical analysis of the sensor platform – including the charge state of protein at the specific pH level, and self-consistent channel transport. Taken together, the experimental demonstration and the theoretical framework provide a comprehensive description of the performance potential of dielectric-free MoS2-based biosensor technology.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hou J, Shi Q, Ye W, Fan Q, Shi H, Wong SC, Xu X, Yin J. Construction of 3D micropatterned surfaces with wormlike and superhydrophilic PEG brushes to detect dysfunctional cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:20868-20879. [PMID: 25375822 DOI: 10.1021/am506983q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Detection of dysfunctional and apoptotic cells plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and therapy. To develop a portable and user-friendly platform for dysfunctional and aging cell detection, we present a facile method to construct 3D patterns on the surface of styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene elastomer (SEBS) with poly(ethylene glycol) brushes. Normal red blood cells (RBCs) and lysed RBCs (dysfunctional cells) are used as model cells. The strategy is based on the fact that poly(ethylene glycol) brushes tend to interact with phosphatidylserine, which is in the inner leaflet of normal cell membranes but becomes exposed in abnormal or apoptotic cell membranes. We demonstrate that varied patterned surfaces can be obtained by selectively patterning atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators on the SEBS surface via an aqueous-based method and growing PEG brushes through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The relatively high initiator density and polymerization temperature facilitate formation of PEG brushes in high density, which gives brushes worm-like morphology and superhydrophilic property; the tendency of dysfunctional cells adhered on the patterned surfaces is completely different from well-defined arrays of normal cells on the patterned surfaces, providing a facile method to detect dysfunctional cells effectively. The PEG-patterned surfaces are also applicable to detect apoptotic HeLa cells. The simplicity and easy handling of the described technique shows the potential application in microdiagnostic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen HC, Qiu JT, Yang FL, Liu YC, Chen MC, Tsai RY, Yang HW, Lin CY, Lin CC, Wu TS, Tu YM, Xiao MC, Ho CH, Huang CC, Lai CS, Hua MY. Magnetic-Composite-Modified Polycrystalline Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Detection and Cancer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9443-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chien Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jian-Tai Qiu
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Liang Yang
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yin-Chih Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min-Cheng Chen
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rung-Ywan Tsai
- Electronics
and Optoelectronics Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Wei Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yi Lin
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chu-Chi Lin
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzong-Shoon Wu
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Tu
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min-Cong Xiao
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hua Ho
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Chao Huang
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department
of Electronic Engineering and Biosensor Group,
Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mu-Yi Hua
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Duarte-Guevara C, Lai FL, Cheng CW, Reddy B, Salm E, Swaminathan V, Tsui YK, Tuan HC, Kalnitsky A, Liu YS, Bashir R. Enhanced Biosensing Resolution with Foundry Fabricated Individually Addressable Dual-Gated ISFETs. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8359-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501912x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Duarte-Guevara
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, William L. Everitt Laboratory, 1406 West
Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fei-Lung Lai
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Bobby Reddy
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, William L. Everitt Laboratory, 1406 West
Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Eric Salm
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Vikhram Swaminathan
- Department
of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, 61801 Illinois, United States
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ying-Kit Tsui
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao Chin Tuan
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Alex Kalnitsky
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Shao Liu
- Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 9 Creation Rd,
Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-77, R.O.C
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro
and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|