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Reipa V, Song NW, Kwak M, Heo MB, Lee TG, Westerhoff P, Bi Y, Toman B, Hackley VA, Kato H, Tabei Y, Nontapot K, Choi Y, Choi J. Photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles: the development of the standardized measurement for physiological conditions. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:857-866. [PMID: 36732933 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2159558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently a new International Standard for testing nanomaterial photocatalytic activity under physiological conditions was issued by Technical Committee 229 (Nanotechnologies) of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 20814:2019 Nanotechnologies-Testing the photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles for NADH oxidation). The document offers a robust, high throughput photocatalytic assay using a bio-compatible indicator nicotinamide amide dinucleotide (NAD) and provides a screening tool to gauge nanomaterial potency for phototoxicity. This paper describes the measurement principles behind this assay, the scope of the standard and its validation through an interlaboratory comparison study using a traceable standard reference material (SRM 1898).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytas Reipa
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nam Wong Song
- Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Minjeong Kwak
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Min Beom Heo
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yuqiang Bi
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Blaza Toman
- Statistical Engineering Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Vincent A Hackley
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Haruhisa Kato
- Polymers Standards Section Japan, Particle Measurement Research Group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tabei
- Polymers Standards Section Japan, Particle Measurement Research Group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 5, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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George S, Yin H, Liu Z, Shen S, Cole I, Khiong CW. Hazard profiling of a combinatorial library of zinc oxide nanoparticles: Ameliorating light and dark toxicity through surface passivation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128825. [PMID: 35430455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the high-volume production nanoparticles (NPs) currently used in a wide range of consumer and industrial goods. The inevitable seepage into environmental matrices and the photoactive nature of ZnO NPs warrants hazard profiling under environmentally related conditions. In this paper, the influence of simulated solar light (SSL) on dissolution behaviour and phototoxicity of ZnO NPs was studied using a combinatorial library of ZnO NPs with different sizes, surface coatings, dopant chemistry, and aspect ratios in a fish cell line (BF2) and zebrafish embryos. Generally, the cytotoxicity and embryo mortality increased when exposed concomitantly to SSL and ZnO NPs. The increase in toxic potential of ZnO NPs during SSL exposure concurred with release of Zn ions and ROS generation. Surface modification of NPs with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), silica or serum coating decreased toxicity and ZnO with serum coating was the only NP that had no significant effect on any of the cytotoxicity parameters when tested under both dark and SSL conditions. Results from our study show that exposure to light could increase the toxic potential of ZnO NPs to environmental lifeforms and mitigation of ZnO NP toxicity is possible through modifying the surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji George
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore 569830, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Hong Yin
- Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000 Australia; CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
| | - Ziruo Liu
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Shirley Shen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Ivan Cole
- Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Chan Woon Khiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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3
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Nanosafety: An Evolving Concept to Bring the Safest Possible Nanomaterials to Society and Environment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111810. [PMID: 35683670 PMCID: PMC9181910 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials has been increasing in recent times, and they are widely used in industries such as cosmetics, drugs, food, water treatment, and agriculture. The rapid development of new nanomaterials demands a set of approaches to evaluate the potential toxicity and risks related to them. In this regard, nanosafety has been using and adapting already existing methods (toxicological approach), but the unique characteristics of nanomaterials demand new approaches (nanotoxicology) to fully understand the potential toxicity, immunotoxicity, and (epi)genotoxicity. In addition, new technologies, such as organs-on-chips and sophisticated sensors, are under development and/or adaptation. All the information generated is used to develop new in silico approaches trying to predict the potential effects of newly developed materials. The overall evaluation of nanomaterials from their production to their final disposal chain is completed using the life cycle assessment (LCA), which is becoming an important element of nanosafety considering sustainability and environmental impact. In this review, we give an overview of all these elements of nanosafety.
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Zhu S, Li L, Gu Z, Chen C, Zhao Y. 15 Years of Small: Research Trends in Nanosafety. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000980. [PMID: 32338444 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the field of nano- and microscale science and technology, Small has become one of the worldwide leading journals since its initiation 15 years ago. Among all the topics covered in Small, "nanosafety" has received growing interest over the years, which accounts for a large proportion of the total publications of Small. Herein, inspired by its coming Special Issue "Rethinking Nanosafety," a general bibliometric overview of the nanosafety studies that have been published in Small is presented. Using the data derived from the Web of Science Core Collection, the annual publication growth, most influential countries/institutions as well as the visualized collaborations between different countries and institutions based on CiteSpace software are presented. A special emphasis on the impact of the previous Special Issue from Small that is related to nanosafety research is given and the research trend from the most highly cited papers during last 15 years is analyzed. Lastly, future research directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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5
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Nymark P, Bakker M, Dekkers S, Franken R, Fransman W, García-Bilbao A, Greco D, Gulumian M, Hadrup N, Halappanavar S, Hongisto V, Hougaard KS, Jensen KA, Kohonen P, Koivisto AJ, Dal Maso M, Oosterwijk T, Poikkimäki M, Rodriguez-Llopis I, Stierum R, Sørli JB, Grafström R. Toward Rigorous Materials Production: New Approach Methodologies Have Extensive Potential to Improve Current Safety Assessment Practices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904749. [PMID: 31913582 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced material development, including at the nanoscale, comprises costly and complex challenges coupled to ensuring human and environmental safety. Governmental agencies regulating safety have announced interest toward acceptance of safety data generated under the collective term New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), as such technologies/approaches offer marked potential to progress the integration of safety testing measures during innovation from idea to product launch of nanomaterials. Divided in overall eight main categories, searchable databases for grouping and read across purposes, exposure assessment and modeling, in silico modeling of physicochemical structure and hazard data, in vitro high-throughput and high-content screening assays, dose-response assessments and modeling, analyses of biological processes and toxicity pathways, kinetics and dose extrapolation, consideration of relevant exposure levels and biomarker endpoints typify such useful NAMs. Their application generally agrees with articulated stakeholder needs for improvement of safety testing procedures. They further fit for inclusion and add value in nanomaterials risk assessment tools. Overall 37 of 50 evaluated NAMs and tiered workflows applying NAMs are recommended for considering safer-by-design innovation, including guidance to the selection of specific NAMs in the eight categories. An innovation funnel enriched with safety methods is ultimately proposed under the central aim of promoting rigorous nanomaterials innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Nymark
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, Karjakatu 35 B, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Martine Bakker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Dekkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Remy Franken
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, P.O. Box 96800, NL-2509 JE, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Fransman
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, P.O. Box 96800, NL-2509 JE, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Amaia García-Bilbao
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Parque Tecnológico, Ed. 202, 48170, Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, 33720, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, 25 Hospital St, Constitution Hill, 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine Department, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Center for the Work Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Vesa Hongisto
- Department of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, Karjakatu 35 B, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- National Research Center for the Work Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Center for the Work Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, Karjakatu 35 B, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Joonas Koivisto
- National Research Center for the Work Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miikka Dal Maso
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Thies Oosterwijk
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, P.O. Box 96800, NL-2509 JE, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Mikko Poikkimäki
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Rob Stierum
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, P.O. Box 96800, NL-2509 JE, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Jorid Birkelund Sørli
- National Research Center for the Work Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roland Grafström
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, Karjakatu 35 B, 20520, Turku, Finland
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6
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Zhou H, George S, Li C, Gurusamy S, Sun X, Gong Z, Qian H. Combined toxicity of prevalent mycotoxins studied in fish cell line and zebrafish larvae revealed that type of interactions is dose-dependent. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:60-71. [PMID: 29040830 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
While, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are the most prevalent mycotoxins co-existing in grain products and animal feeds, little is known about their combinatorial toxicities on aquatic life-forms. We studied the individual and combined effects of these mycotoxins in a fish cell line (BF-2) and zebrafish larvae (wild-type and transgenic). The types of interactions in mycotoxins combinations on cell viability were determined by using Chou-Talalay model. Induction of oxidative stress pathway in mycotoxins-exposed BF-2 cells was assessed using high content screening (HCS). Mycotoxin-exposed wild-type zebrafish larvae were examined for mortality and morphological abnormalities and transgenic zebrafish larvae (expressing DsRed in the liver) were imaged using HCS and examined for liver abnormalities. Results showed that the cytotoxicity of mycotoxins in a decreasing order was AFB1>DON>ZEN, however, the highest mortality rate and liver damage in zebrafish were observed for AFB1 followed by ZEN. AFB1+DON and AFB1+ZEN synergistically enhanced the toxic effects on BF-2 cells and zebrafish while DON+ZEN showed antagonism. Interestingly, in the tertiary combination, the synergism seen at lower individual concentrations of mycotoxins progressively turned to an overall antagonism at higher doses. The results provide a scientific basis for the necessity to consider co-exposure when formulating risk-management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Saji George
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QuebecH9X3V9, Canada.
| | - Caixia Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Subramaniam Gurusamy
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore 569830, Singapore
| | - Xiulan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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7
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Li Y, Wang J, Zhao F, Bai B, Nie G, Nel AE, Zhao Y. Nanomaterial libraries and model organisms for rapid high-content analysis of nanosafety. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Safety analysis of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) presents a formidable challenge regarding environmental health and safety, due to their complicated and diverse physicochemical properties. Although large amounts of data have been published regarding the potential hazards of these materials, we still lack a comprehensive strategy for their safety assessment, which generates a huge workload in decision-making. Thus, an integrated approach is urgently required by government, industry, academia and all others who deal with the safe implementation of nanomaterials on their way to the marketplace. The rapid emergence and sheer number of new nanomaterials with novel properties demands rapid and high-content screening (HCS), which could be performed on multiple materials to assess their safety and generate large data sets for integrated decision-making. With this approach, we have to consider reducing and replacing the commonly used rodent models, which are expensive, time-consuming, and not amenable to high-throughput screening and analysis. In this review, we present a ‘Library Integration Approach’ for high-content safety analysis relevant to the ENMs. We propose the integration of compositional and property-based ENM libraries for HCS of cells and biologically relevant organisms to be screened for mechanistic biomarkers that can be used to generate data for HCS and decision analysis. This systematic approach integrates the use of material and biological libraries, automated HCS and high-content data analysis to provide predictions about the environmental impact of large numbers of ENMs in various categories. This integrated approach also allows the safer design of ENMs, which is relevant to the implementation of nanotechnology solutions in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiye Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - André E Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Chua ML, Setyawati MI, Li H, Fang CHY, Gurusamy S, Teoh FTL, Leong DT, George S. Particulate matter from indoor environments of classroom induced higher cytotoxicity and leakiness in human microvascular endothelial cells in comparison with those collected from corridor. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:551-563. [PMID: 27662430 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical properties (size, shape, elemental composition, and endotoxin) of size resolved particulate matter (PM) collected from the indoor and corridor environments of classrooms. A comparative hazard profiling of these PM was conducted using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). Oxidative stress-dependent cytotoxicity responses were assessed using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and high content screening (HCS), and disruption of monolayer cell integrity was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and transwell assay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis showed differences in the morphology and elemental composition of PM of different sizes and origins. While the total mass of PM collected from indoor environment was lower in comparison with those collected from the corridor, the endotoxin content was substantially higher in indoor PM (e.g., ninefold higher endotoxin level in indoor PM8.1-20 ). The ability to induce oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and leakiness in cell monolayer were higher for indoor PM compared to those collected from the corridor. In conclusion, this comparative analysis suggested that indoor PM is relatively more hazardous to the endothelial system possibly because of higher endotoxin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Chua
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - M I Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - H Li
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - C H Y Fang
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - S Gurusamy
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - F T L Teoh
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - D T Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - S George
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore City, Singapore
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9
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Shatkin JA, Ong KJ. Alternative Testing Strategies for Nanomaterials: State of the Science and Considerations for Risk Analysis. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2016; 36:1564-1580. [PMID: 27273523 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of the nanotechnology industry has warranted equal progress in the nanotoxicology and risk assessment fields. In vivo models have traditionally been used to determine human and environmental risk for chemicals; however, the use of these tests has limitations, and there are global appeals to develop reliable alternatives to animal testing. Many have investigated the use of alternative (nonanimal) testing methods and strategies have quickly developed and resulted in the generation of large toxicological data sets for numerous nanomaterials (NMs). Due to the novel physicochemical properties of NMs that are related to surface characteristics, the approach toward toxicity test development has distinct considerations from traditional chemicals, bringing new requirements for adapting these approaches for NMs. The methodical development of strategies that combine multiple alternative tests can be useful for predictive NM risk assessment and help screening-level decision making. This article provides an overview of the main developments in alternative methods and strategies for reducing uncertainty in NM risk assessment, including advantages and disadvantages of in vitro, ex vivo, and in silico methods, and examples of existing comprehensive strategies. In addition, knowledge gaps are identified toward improvements for experimental and strategy design, specifically highlighting the need to represent realistic exposure scenarios and to consider NM-specific concerns such as characterization, assay interferences, and standardization. Overall, this article aims to improve the reliability and utility of alternative testing methods and strategies for risk assessment of manufactured NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K J Ong
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Handral HK, Tong HJ, Islam I, Sriram G, Rosa V, Cao T. Pluripotent stem cells: An in vitro model for nanotoxicity assessments. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1250-8. [PMID: 27241574 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The advent of technology has led to an established range of engineered nanoparticles that are used in diverse applications, such as cell-cell interactions, cell-material interactions, medical therapies and the target modulation of cellular processes. The exponential increase in the utilization of nanomaterials and the growing number of associated criticisms has highlighted the potential risks of nanomaterials to human health and the ecosystem. The existing in vivo and in vitro platforms show limitations, with fluctuations being observed in the results of toxicity assessments. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are viable source of cells that are capable of developing into specialized cells of the human body. PSCs can be efficiently used to screen new biomaterials/drugs and are potential candidates for studying impairments of biophysical morphology at both the cellular and tissue levels during interactions with nanomaterials and for diagnosing toxicity. Three-dimensional in vitro models obtained using PSC-derived cells would provide a realistic, patient-specific platform for toxicity assessments and in drug screening applications. The current review focuses on PSCs as an alternative in vitro platform for assessing the hazardous effects of nanomaterials on health systems and highlights the importance of PSC-derived in vitro platforms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish K Handral
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huei Jinn Tong
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Intekhab Islam
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Experimental Dermatology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Vinicus Rosa
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore, Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore.,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Li H, Fang CHY, Shi W, Gurusamy S, Li S, Krishnan MN, George S. Size and site dependent biological hazard potential of particulate matters collected from different heights at the vicinity of a building construction. Toxicol Lett 2015; 238:20-9. [PMID: 26253280 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although building constructions are a recurring part of urbanization, the health risk of particulate matters (PM) originating from such activities have seldom been subjected to detailed studies. We sought to characterize the relative risk of air borne PM collected from different heights (ground and top floor) of a building adjacent to a building under early phase of construction. We determined the physico-chemical properties such as size and shape, elemental composition and surface charge of the PM. The oxidative stress dependent cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory responses were assessed in BEAS-2B and RAW 264.7 cell lines using high-content-screening platforms. In comparison to top floor, the total mass of PM collected from ground floor was two-three folds higher and the mass fraction was dominated by PM20-35. Elemental analysis showed abundance of Si, Al, K, Ca and Fe in bigger PM while for PM0.25-0.5 it was mostly constituted by C and crystals rich in S and K. PM caused NFκB activation, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity wherein PM0.25-0.5 was the most potent among the tested PM. Estimated exposure level and lung burden together with the data on hazard potential were used for developing a MATLAB based risk-assessment model which suggested that the potential for health risk is relatively higher at the ground floor. Our studies demonstrated differences in, relative abundance of PM, their physicochemical and biological properties collected from different heights adjacent to a construction site and showed that relative health risk is higher at the ground floor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiong Li
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 569830, Singapore
| | - Crystal Hay Yu Fang
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 569830, Singapore
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Subramaniam Gurusamy
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 569830, Singapore
| | - Shuzhou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Manoj N Krishnan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Saji George
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 569830, Singapore.
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12
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Setyawati MI, Tay CY, Leong DT. Mechanistic Investigation of the Biological Effects of SiO₂, TiO₂, and ZnO Nanoparticles on Intestinal Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3458-68. [PMID: 25902938 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) are currently among the most widely used nanoparticles (NPs) in the food industry. This could potentially lead to unintended exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to these NPs. This study aims to investigate the potential side-effects of these food-borne NPs on intestinal cells and to mechanistically understand the observed biological responses. Among the panel of tested NPs, ZnO NPs are the most toxic. Consistently in all three tested intestinal cell models, ZnO NPs invoke the most inflammatory responses from the cells and induce the highest intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevated ROS levels induce significant damage to the DNA of the cells, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and subsequently cell death. In contrast, both SiO2 and TiO2 NPs elicit minimum biological responses from the intestinal cells. Overall, the study showcases the varying capability of the food-borne NPs to induce a cellular response in the intestinal cells. In addition to physicochemical differences in the NPs, the genetic landscape of the intestinal cell models governs the toxicology profile of these food-borne NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel I Setyawati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - David T Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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George S, Ho SS, Wong ESP, Tan TTY, Verma NK, Aitken RJ, Riediker M, Cummings C, Yu L, Wang ZM, Zink D, Ng Z, Loo SCJ, Ng KW. The multi-facets of sustainable nanotechnology - Lessons from a nanosafety symposium. Nanotoxicology 2015; 9:404-6. [PMID: 25976321 PMCID: PMC4496808 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1027315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An international symposium for nanosafety was held recently at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. Topics relating to understanding nanomaterial properties, tools, and infrastructure required for predicting hazardous outcomes, measuring nanomaterial exposure levels, systems approach for risk assessment and public’s perception of nanotechnology were covered. The need for a multidisciplinary approach, across both natural and social sciences, for developing sustainable nanotechnology solutions was heavily emphasized. This commentary highlights the major issues discussed and the commitment of the nanosafety research community in Singapore to contribute collectively to realise the vision of sustainable nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji George
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic , Singapore
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14
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Leong DT, Ng KW. Probing the relevance of 3D cancer models in nanomedicine research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:95-106. [PMID: 24996135 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, 2D cell culture format on plastic has been the main workhorse in cancer research. Though many important understandings of cancer cell biology were derived using this platform, it is not a fair representation of the in vivo scenario. In this review, both established and new 3D cell culture systems are discussed with specific references to anti-cancer drug and nanomedicine applications. 3D culture systems exploit more realistic spatial, biochemical and cellular heterogeneity parameters to bridge the experimental gap between in vivo and in vitro settings when studying the performance and efficacy of novel nanomedicine strategies to manage cancer. However, the complexities associated with 3D culture systems also necessitate greater technical expertise in handling and characterizing in order to arrive at meaningful experimental conclusions. Finally, we have also provided future perspectives where cutting edge 3D culture technologies may be combined with under-explored technologies to build better in vitro cancer platforms.
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15
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Kathawala MH, Khoo SPK, Sudhaharan T, Zhao X, Say Chye Loo J, Ahmed S, Woei Ng K. Fluorescence techniques used to measure interactions between hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and epidermal growth factor receptors. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:171-9. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Özel RE, Liu X, Alkasir RS, Andreescu S. Electrochemical methods for nanotoxicity assessment. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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George S, Gardner H, Seng EK, Chang H, Wang C, Yu Fang CH, Richards M, Valiyaveettil S, Chan WK. Differential effect of solar light in increasing the toxicity of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles to a fish cell line and zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6374-82. [PMID: 24811346 DOI: 10.1021/es405768n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer products and their inevitable seepage into the environment prompted us to investigate their potential toxicity to a fish cell line (BF-2) and zebrafish embryos under dark and Simulated Solar Light (SSL) exposure conditions. Using high throughput screening (HTS) platforms, we showed that the oxidative stress-dependent cytotoxicity and embryonic toxicity of NPs were significantly increased upon exposure to SSL. While, the toxicity of TiO2 NPs under SSL exposure could be explained by hydroxyl radical generation, the enhanced toxicity of Ag NPs under SSL exposure was due to surface oxidation and physicochemical modification of Ag NPs and shedding of Ag+, leading to an increased bioavailability of silver. Our observations that solar light could induce physicochemical transformation of TiO2 and Ag NPs and enhance their toxic potential emphasizes the need for conducting future toxicity studies under environmentally relevant exposure conditions to guide decision making on the safe handling of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji George
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic , Singapore 569830
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18
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Papavlassopoulos H, Mishra YK, Kaps S, Paulowicz I, Abdelaziz R, Elbahri M, Maser E, Adelung R, Röhl C. Toxicity of functional nano-micro zinc oxide tetrapods: impact of cell culture conditions, cellular age and material properties. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84983. [PMID: 24454775 PMCID: PMC3890288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing production and applications of nanostructured zinc oxide, e.g., for biomedical and consumer products, the question of safety is getting more and more important. Different morphologies of zinc oxide structures have been synthesized and accordingly investigated. In this study, we have particularly focused on nano-micro ZnO tetrapods (ZnO-T), because their large scale fabrication has been made possible by a newly introduced flame transport synthesis approach which will probably lead to several new applications. Moreover, ZnO-T provide a completely different morphology then classical spherical ZnO nanoparticles. To get a better understanding of parameters that affect the interactions between ZnO-T and mammalian cells, and thus their biocompatibility, we have examined the impact of cell culture conditions as well as of material properties on cytotoxicity. Our results demonstrate that the cell density of fibroblasts in culture along with their age, i.e., the number of preceding cell divisions, strongly affect the cytotoxic potency of ZnO-T. Concerning the material properties, the toxic potency of ZnO-T is found to be significantly lower than that of spherical ZnO nanoparticles. Furthermore, the morphology of the ZnO-T influenced cellular toxicity in contrast to surface charges modified by UV illumination or O2 treatment and to the material age. Finally, we have observed that direct contact between tetrapods and cells increases their toxicity compared to transwell culture models which allow only an indirect effect via released zinc ions. The results reveal several parameters that can be of importance for the assessment of ZnO-T toxicity in cell cultures and for particle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Papavlassopoulos
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yogendra K. Mishra
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail: (YKM); (CR)
| | - Sören Kaps
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingo Paulowicz
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ramzy Abdelaziz
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Institute for Materials Science, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mady Elbahri
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Institute for Materials Science, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Röhl
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- ZEBET - Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (YKM); (CR)
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