1
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Wang ZG, Hu Y, Liu HY, Wen HY, Qi BP, Liu SL. Electrochemiluminescence-Based Single-Particle Tracking of the Biomolecules Moving along Intercellular Membrane Nanotubes between Live Cells. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7231-7239. [PMID: 38656982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging, a rapidly evolving technology, has attracted significant attention in the field of cellular imaging. However, its primary limitation lies in its inability to analyze the motion behaviors of individual particles in live cellular environments. In this study, we leveraged the exceptional ECL properties of quantum dots (QDs) and the excellent electrochemical properties of carbon dots (CDs) to develop a high-brightness ECL nanoprobe (CDs-QDs) for real-time ECL imaging between living cells. This nanoprobe has excellent signal-to-noise ratio imaging capabilities for the single-particle tracking (SPT) of biomolecules. Our finding elucidated the enhanced ECL mechanism of CDs-QDs in the presence of reactive oxygen species through photoluminescence, electrochemistry, and ECL techniques. We further tracked the movement of single particles on membrane nanotubes between live cells and confirmed that the ECL-based SPT technique using CD-QD nanoparticles is an effective approach for monitoring the transport behaviors of biomolecules on membrane nanotubes between live cells. This opens a promising avenue for the advancement of ECL-based single-particle detection and the dynamic quantitative imaging of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yusi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Hao-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Wen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Bao-Ping Qi
- Institute of selenium science and industry, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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2
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Single-virus tracking with quantum dots in live cells. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:458-489. [PMID: 36451053 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Single-virus tracking (SVT) offers the opportunity to monitor the journey of individual viruses in real time and to explore the interactions between viral and cellular structures in live cells, which can assist in characterizing the complex infection process and revealing the associated dynamic mechanisms. However, the low brightness and poor photostability of conventional fluorescent tags (e.g., organic dyes and fluorescent proteins) greatly limit the development of the SVT technique, and challenges remain in performing multicolor SVT over long periods of time. Owing to the outstanding photostability, high brightness and narrow emission with tunable color range of quantum dots (QDs), QD-based SVT (QSVT) enables us to follow the fate of individual viruses interacting with different cellular structures at the single-virus level for milliseconds to hours, providing more accurate and detailed information regarding viral infection in live cells. So far, the QSVT technique has yielded spectacular achievements in uncovering the mechanisms associated with virus entry, trafficking and egress. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for QSVT implementation using the viruses that we have previously studied systematically as an example. The specific procedures for performing QSVT experiments in live cells are described, including virus preparation, the QD labeling strategies, imaging approaches, image processing and data analysis. The protocol takes 1-2 weeks from the preparation of viruses and cellular specimens to image acquisition, and 1 d for image processing and data analysis.
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3
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Yu C, Wang ZG, Ma AX, Liu SL, Pang DW. Uncovering the F-Actin-Based Nuclear Egress Mechanism of Newly Synthesized Influenza A Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes by Single-Particle Tracking. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5624-5633. [PMID: 35357801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear trafficking of viral genome is an essential cellular process in the life cycles of viruses. Despite substantial progress in uncovering a wide variety of complicated mechanisms of virus entry, intracellular transport of viral components, virus assembly, and egress, the temporal and spatial dynamics of viral genes trafficking within the nucleus remains poorly understood. Herein, using single-particle tracking, we explored the real-time dynamic nuclear trafficking of influenza A virus (IAV) genes packaged as the viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) by combining a four-plasmid DNA transfection system for the reconstruction of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled vRNPs and a spinning disk super-resolution fluorescence microscope. We found that IAV infection significantly induced the formation of actin microfilaments (F-actin) in the nucleus. In combination with the fluorescent protein-tagged nuclear F-actin probe, we visualized the directed movement of GFP-labeled vRNPs foci along the nuclear F-actin with a speed of 0.18 μm/s, which is similar to the microfilaments-dependent slow directed motion of IAVs in the cytoplasm. The disruption of nuclear F-actin after treatment with microfilament inhibitors caused a considerable decrease in vRNPs motility and suppressed the nuclear export of newly produced vRNPs, indicating that the slow, directed movement plays a crucial role in facilitating the nuclear egress of vRNPs. Our findings identified a nuclear F-actin-dependent pathway for IAV vRNPs transporting from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, which may in turn uncover a novel target for antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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4
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Ren L, Wang L, Rehberg M, Stoeger T, Zhang J, Chen S. Applications and Immunological Effects of Quantum Dots on Respiratory System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:795232. [PMID: 35069577 PMCID: PMC8770806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs), are one kind of nanoscale semiconductor crystals with specific electronic and optical properties, offering near-infrared mission and chemically active surfaces. Increasing interest for QDs exists in developing theranostics platforms for bioapplications such as imaging, drug delivery and therapy. Here we summarized QDs' biomedical applications, toxicity, and immunological effects on the respiratory system. Bioapplications of QDs in lung include biomedical imaging, drug delivery, bio-sensing or diagnosis and therapy. Generically, toxic effects of nanoparticles are related to the generation of oxidative stresses with subsequent DNA damage and decreased lung cells viability in vitro and in vivo because of release of toxic metal ions or the features of QDs like its surface charge. Lastly, pulmonary immunological effects of QDs mainly include proinflammatory cytokines release and recruiting innate leukocytes or adaptive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laibin Ren
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg and Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg and Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Wang ZG, Zhao L, Chen LL, Liu HY, Wang L, Hu Y, Shi XH, Zhao D, Liu SL, Pang DW. Spatiotemporal Quantification of Endosomal Acidification on the Viral Journey. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104200. [PMID: 34786839 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many enveloped viruses utilize endocytic pathways and vesicle trafficking to infect host cells, where the acidification of virus-containing endosomes triggers the virus-endosome fusion events. Therefore, simultaneous correlation of intracellular location, local pH, and individual virus dynamics is important for gaining insight into viral infection mechanisms. Here, an imaging approach is developed for spatiotemporal quantification of endosomal acidification on the viral journey in host cells using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer based ratiometric pH sensor consisting of a photostable and high-brightness QD, pH-sensitive fluorescent dyes, and virus-binding proteins. Ratiometric analysis of sensor-based single-virus tracking data enables to dissect a two-step endosomal acidification process during the infection of influenza viruses and elucidates the occurrence of the fission and sorting of virus-containing endosomes to recycling endosomes after initial acidification. This technique should serve as a robust approach for in situ quantification of endosomal acidification on the viral journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yusi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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6
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Wang ZG, Liu SL, Pang DW. Quantum Dots: A Promising Fluorescent Label for Probing Virus Trafficking. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2991-3002. [PMID: 34180662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the immense potential of the quantum dot (QD)-based single-virus tracking (SVT) technique in virology. In these experiments, the infection behaviors of single viruses or viral components, labeled with QDs, could be tracked on time scales of milliseconds to hours in host cells. The trajectories of individual viruses are reconstructed with nanometer accuracy, and the underlying dynamic information on virus infection can be extracted to uncover the infection mechanisms of viruses. Therefore, QD-based single-virus tracking (QSVT) is an exquisitely selective and powerful approach to investigating how viruses are internalized in host cells dynamically to release their genome for viral replication and assembly that ensure the completion of viral life cycles.QDs are better candidates than organic dyes and fluorescent proteins for virus labeling and subsequent SVT due to the following considerations: (i) the high brightness of QDs makes it possible to label a virus with sufficient brightness using very few QDs or even just one QD; (ii) the extraordinary photostability of QDs allows one to track the infection process long term and quantify low probability events; (iii) the color-tunable emission property of QDs ensures multicolor labeling of various components of a virus simultaneously; and (iv) the abundant surface ligands of QDs facilitate the conjugation of a virus with a variety of labeling strategies. Therefore, the photoproperties of QDs make it possible to perform multicolor long-term SVT experiments quantitatively. Nowadays, the QD-based SVT (QSVT) technique has made prodigious achievements in unraveling the entry, trafficking, and uncoating mechanisms of viruses. This fascinating technique can provide spatiotemporal dynamic information on the viral journey in unprecedented detail and has revolutionized our understanding of virus infection.In this Account, we first introduce the advantages and the limitations of conventional SVT in virological research and the unique features of QDs as labels in the SVT field. We subsequently focus on the principles and related methods of QSVT and the current state of QD chemistry and QD-based virus labeling that resolves many issues associated with the tracking of individual viruses in live cells. Then we emphasize some new findings by this technique in the study of infection mechanisms. Finally, we will provide our insights into future challenges on this topic. With this Account, we hope to further stimulate the development of QSVT with a combined effort from different disciplines and, more importantly, to accelerate the applications of QSVT in virological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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7
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Xia L, Zhang LJ, Tang HW, Pang DW. Revealing Microtubule-Dependent Slow-Directed Motility by Single-Particle Tracking. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5211-5217. [PMID: 33728900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are the main component of cytoskeletons, providing long tracks for cargo trafficking across the cytoplasm. In the past years, transport along MTs was frequently reported to be rapid directed motions with speeds of several micrometers per second, but is that all the truth? Using single-particle tracking, we roundly and precisely analyzed the dynamic behaviors of three kinds of cargoes transported along MTs in two types of cells. It was found that during the transport processes, the directed motions of the cargoes were frequently interrupted by nondirected motions which greatly reduced the translocation rate toward the nucleus. What is more, in addition to the widely reported rapid directed motions, a type of directed motions with most speeds below 0.5 μm/s occurred more frequently. On the whole, these slow directed motions took longer than the rapid directed motions and resulted in displacements same as those of the rapid ones. To sum up, while travelling along MTs toward the cell interior, endocytosed cargoes moved alternately in rapid-directed, slow-directed and nondirected modes. In this process, the rapid- and the slow-directed motions contributed almost equally to the cargoes' translocation. This work provides original insights into the transport on MTs, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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8
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Wang Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu W, Han X. Principles and Applications of Single Particle Tracking in Cell Research. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005133. [PMID: 33533163 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is a tough challenge for many decades to decipher the complex relationships between cell behaviors and cellular physical properties. Single particle tracking (SPT) with high spatial and temporal resolution has been applied extensively in cell research to understand physicochemical properties of cells and their bio-functions by tracking endogenous or exogenous probes. This review describes the fundamental principles of SPT as well as its applications in intracellular mechanics, membrane dynamics, organelles distribution, and processes of internalization and transport. Finally, challenges and future directions of SPT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150027, China
| | - Weili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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9
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Bao MN, Zhang LJ, Tang B, Fu DD, Li J, Du L, Hou YN, Zhang ZL, Tang HW, Pang DW. Influenza A Viruses Enter Host Cells via Extracellular Ca2+ Influx-Involved Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2044-2051. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ni Bao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ning Hou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Wu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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10
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Yang YB, Tang YD, Hu Y, Yu F, Xiong JY, Sun MX, Lyu C, Peng JM, Tian ZJ, Cai XH, An TQ. Single Virus Tracking with Quantum Dots Packaged into Enveloped Viruses Using CRISPR. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1417-1427. [PMID: 31930919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Labeling viruses with high-photoluminescence quantum dots (QDs) for single virus tracking provides a visual tool to aid our understanding of viral infection mechanisms. However, efficiently labeling internal viral components without modifying the viral envelope and capsid remains a challenge, and existing strategies are not applicable to most viruses. Here, we have devised a strategy using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) imaging system to label the nucleic acids of Pseudorabies virus (PRV) with QDs. In this strategy, QDs were conjugated to viral nucleic acids with the help of nuclease-deactivated Cas9/gRNA complexes in the nuclei of living cells and then packaged into PRV during virion assembly. The processes of PRV-QD adsorption, cytoplasmic transport along microtubules, and nuclear entry were monitored in real time in both Vero and HeLa cells, demonstrating the utility and efficiency of the strategy in the study of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
| | - Fang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
| | - Jun-Yao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
| | - Ming-Xia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
| | - Chuang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
| | - Jin-Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
| | - Tong-Qing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150069 , China
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11
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Liu SL, Wang ZG, Xie HY, Liu AA, Lamb DC, Pang DW. Single-Virus Tracking: From Imaging Methodologies to Virological Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:1936-1979. [PMID: 31951121 PMCID: PMC7075663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Uncovering
the mechanisms of virus infection and assembly is crucial
for preventing the spread of viruses and treating viral disease. The
technique of single-virus tracking (SVT), also known as single-virus
tracing, allows one to follow individual viruses at different parts
of their life cycle and thereby provides dynamic insights into fundamental
processes of viruses occurring in live cells. SVT is typically based
on fluorescence imaging and reveals insights into previously unreported
infection mechanisms. In this review article, we provide the readers
a broad overview of the SVT technique. We first summarize recent advances
in SVT, from the choice of fluorescent labels and labeling strategies
to imaging implementation and analytical methodologies. We then describe
representative applications in detail to elucidate how SVT serves
as a valuable tool in virological research. Finally, we present our
perspectives regarding the future possibilities and challenges of
SVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - An-An Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Don C Lamb
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , München , 81377 , Germany
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China
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12
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Nanotechnology and sialic acid biology. SIALIC ACIDS AND SIALOGLYCOCONJUGATES IN THE BIOLOGY OF LIFE, HEALTH AND DISEASE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153339 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816126-5.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket P, Luckanagul JA, Rojsitthisak P, Wang Q. Chemical modification of enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:666-679. [PMID: 30295307 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unique characteristics of enveloped viruses including nanometer size, consistent morphology, narrow size distribution, versatile functionality and biocompatibility have attracted attention from scientists to develop enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. The biomedical applications of the viral-based nanoparticles include vaccine development, imaging and targeted drug delivery. The modification of the structural elements of enveloped viruses is necessary for the desired functions. Here, we review the chemical approaches that have been utilized to develop bionanomaterials based on enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. We first provide an overview of the structures of enveloped viruses which are composed of nucleic acids, structural and functional proteins, glycan residues and lipid envelope. The methods for modification, including direct conjugation, metabolic incorporation of functional groups and peptide tag insertion, are described based on the biomolecular types of viral components. Layer-by-layer technology is also included in this review to illustrate the non-covalent modification of enveloped viruses. Then, we further elaborate the applications of chemically-modified enveloped viruses, virus-like particles and viral subcomponents in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahweenvaj Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Program, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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14
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Real-time analysis of quantum dot labeled single porcine epidemic diarrhea virus moving along the microtubules using single particle tracking. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1307. [PMID: 30718724 PMCID: PMC6362069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study the infection mechanism of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which causes porcine epidemic diarrhea, a highly contagious enteric disease, we combined quantum dot labeled method, which could hold intact infectivity of the labeled viruses to the largest extent, with the single particle tracking technique to dynamically and globally visualize the transport behaviors of PEDVs in live Vero cells. Our results were the first time to uncover the dynamic characteristics of PEDVs moving along the microtubules in the host cells. It is found that PEDVs kept restricted motion mode with a relatively stable speed in the cell membrane region; while performed a slow-fast-slow velocity pattern with different motion modes in the cell cytoplasm region and near the microtubule organizing center region. In addition, the return movements of small amount of PEDVs were also observed in the live cells. Collectively, our work is crucial for understanding the movement mechanisms of PEDV in the live cells, and the proposed work also provided important references for further analysis and study on the infection mechanism of PEDVs.
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15
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Zhang LJ, Xia L, Xie HY, Zhang ZL, Pang DW. Quantum Dot Based Biotracking and Biodetection. Anal Chem 2018; 91:532-547. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Li Xia
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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16
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Wu QM, Liu SL, Chen G, Zhang W, Sun EZ, Xiao GF, Zhang ZL, Pang DW. Uncovering the Rab5-Independent Autophagic Trafficking of Influenza A Virus by Quantum-Dot-Based Single-Virus Tracking. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1702841. [PMID: 29409147 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is closely related to virus-induced disease and a comprehensive understanding of the autophagy-associated infection process of virus will be significant for developing more effective antiviral strategies. However, many critical issues and the underlying mechanism of autophagy in virus entry still need further investigation. Here, this study unveils the involvement of autophagy in influenza A virus entry. The quantum-dot-based single-virus tracking technique assists in real-time, prolonged, and multicolor visualization of the transport process of individual viruses and provides unambiguous dissection of the autophagic trafficking of viruses. These results reveal that roughly one-fifth of viruses are ferried into cells for infection by autophagic machineries, while the remaining are not. A comprehensive overview of the endocytic- and autophagic-trafficking process indicates two distinct trafficking pathway of viruses, either dependent on Rab5-positive endosomes or autophagosomes, with striking similarities. Expressing dominant-negative mutant of Rab5 suggests that the autophagic trafficking of viruses is independent on Rab5. The present study provides dynamic, precise, and mechanistic insights into the involvement of autophagy in virus entry, which contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between autophagy and virus entry. The quantum-dot-based single-virus tracking is proven to hold promise for autophagy-related fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - En-Ze Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Geng-Fu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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17
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Zhang LJ, Xia L, Liu SL, Sun EZ, Wu QM, Wen L, Zhang ZL, Pang DW. A "Driver Switchover" Mechanism of Influenza Virus Transport from Microfilaments to Microtubules. ACS NANO 2018; 12:474-484. [PMID: 29232101 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When infecting host cells, influenza virus must move on microfilaments (MFs) at the cell periphery and then move along microtubules (MTs) through the cytosol to reach the perinuclear region for genome release. But how viruses switch from the actin roadway to the microtubule highway remains obscure. To settle this issue, we systematically dissected the role of related motor proteins in the transport of influenza virus between cytoskeletal filaments in situ and in real-time using quantum dot (QD)-based single-virus tracking (SVT) and multicolor imaging. We found that the switch between MF- and MT-based retrograde motor proteins, myosin VI (myoVI) and dynein, was responsible for the seamless transport of viruses from MFs to MTs during their infection. After virus entry by endocytosis, both the two types of motor proteins are attached to virus-carrying vesicles. MyoVI drives the viruses on MFs with dynein on the virus-carrying vesicle hitchhiking. After role exchanges at actin-microtubule intersections, dynein drives the virus along MTs toward the perinuclear region with myoVI remaining on the vesicle moving together. Such a "driver switchover" mechanism has answered the long-pending question of how viruses switch from MFs to MTs for their infection. It will also facilitate in-depth understanding of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Li Xia
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - En-Ze Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Li Wen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
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18
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Liu X, Ouyang T, Ouyang H, Ren L. Single particle labeling of RNA virus in live cells. Virus Res 2017; 237:14-21. [PMID: 28506790 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Real-time and visual tracking of viral infection is crucial for elucidating the infectious and pathogenesis mechanisms. To track the virus successfully, an efficient labeling method is necessary. In this review, we first discuss the practical labeling techniques for virus tracking in live cells. We then describe the current knowledge of interactions between RNA viruses (especially influenza viruses, immunodeficiency viruses, and Flaviviruses) and host cellular structures, obtained using single particle labeling techniques combined with real-time fluorescence microscopy. Single particle labeling provides an easy system for understanding the RNA virus life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
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19
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Grady ME, Parrish E, Caporizzo MA, Seeger SC, Composto RJ, Eckmann DM. Intracellular nanoparticle dynamics affected by cytoskeletal integrity. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1873-1880. [PMID: 28177340 PMCID: PMC5333122 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The cell interior is a crowded chemical space, which limits the diffusion of molecules and organelles within the cytoplasm, affecting the rates of chemical reactions. We provide insight into the relationship between non-specific intracellular diffusion and cytoskeletal integrity. Quantum dots entered the cell through microinjection and their spatial coordinates were captured by tracking their fluorescence signature as they diffused within the cell cytoplasm. Particle tracking revealed significant enhancement in the mobility of biocompatible quantum dots within fibrosarcoma cells versus their healthy counterparts, fibroblasts, as well as in actin destabilized fibroblasts versus untreated fibroblasts. Analyzing the displacement distributions provided insight into how the heterogeneity of the cell cytoskeleton influences intracellular particle diffusion. We demonstrate that intracellular diffusion of non-specific nanoparticles is enhanced by disrupting the actin network, which has implications for drug delivery efficacy and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Grady
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emmabeth Parrish
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew A Caporizzo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah C Seeger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
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20
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Wang ZG, Liu SL, Hu YJ, Tian ZQ, Hu B, Zhang ZL, Pang DW. Dissecting the Factors Affecting the Fluorescence Stability of Quantum Dots in Live Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8401-8408. [PMID: 26998815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Labeling and imaging of live cells with quantum dots (QDs) has attracted great attention in the biomedical field over the past two decades. Maintenance of the fluorescence of QDs in a biological environment is crucial for performing long-term cell tracking to investigate the proliferation and functional evolution of cells. The cell-penetrating peptide transactivator of transcription (TAT) is a well-studied peptide to efficiently enhance the transmembrane delivery. Here, we used TAT peptide-conjugated QDs (TAT-QDs) as a model system to examine the fluorescence stability of QDs in live cells. By confocal microscopy, we found that TAT-QDs were internalized into cells by endocytosis, and transported into the cytoplasm via the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. More importantly, the fluorescence of TAT-QDs in live cells was decreased mainly by cell proliferation, and the low pH value in the lysosomes could also lower the fluorescence intensity of intracellular QDs. Quantitative analysis of the amount of QDs in the extracellular region and whole cells indicated that the exocytosis was not the primary cause of fluorescence decay of intracellular QDs. This work facilitates a better understanding of the fluorescence stability of QDs for cell imaging and long-term tracking in live cells. Also, it provides insights into the utility of TAT for transmembrane transportation, and the preparation and modification of QDs for cell imaging and tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Quan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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21
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Liu AA, Zhang Z, Sun EZ, Zheng Z, Zhang ZL, Hu Q, Wang H, Pang DW. Simultaneous Visualization of Parental and Progeny Viruses by a Capsid-Specific HaloTag Labeling Strategy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1147-1155. [PMID: 26720596 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Real-time, long-term, single-particle tracking (SPT) provides us an opportunity to explore the fate of individual viruses toward understanding the mechanisms underlying virus infection, which in turn could lead to the development of therapeutics against viral diseases. However, the research focusing on the virus assembly and egress by SPT remains a challenge because established labeling strategies could neither specifically label progeny viruses nor make them distinguishable from the parental viruses. Herein, we have established a temporally controllable capsid-specific HaloTag labeling strategy based on reverse genetic technology. VP26, the smallest pseudorabies virus (PrV) capsid protein, was fused with HaloTag protein and labeled with the HaloTag ligand during virus replication. The labeled replication-competent recombinant PrV harvested from medium can be applied directly in SPT experiments without further modification. Thus, virus infectivity, which is critical for the visualization and analysis of viral motion, is retained to the largest extent. Moreover, progeny viruses can be distinguished from parental viruses using diverse HaloTag ligands. Consequently, the entire course of virus infection and replication can be visualized continuously, including virus attachment and capsid entry, transportation of capsids to the nucleus along microtubules, docking of capsids on the nucleus, endonuclear assembly of progeny capsids, and the egress of progeny viruses. In combination with SPT, the established strategy represents a versatile means to reveal the mechanisms and dynamic global picture of the life cycle of a virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - En-Ze Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
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22
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Liu SL, Wang ZG, Zhang ZL, Pang DW. Tracking single viruses infecting their host cells using quantum dots. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1211-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00657k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the implementation of quantum dot-based single-virus tracking and show how to use this technique to acquire meaningful information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Virology
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology
- Wuhan University
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Virology
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology
- Wuhan University
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Virology
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology
- Wuhan University
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Virology
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology
- Wuhan University
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23
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Massey M, Wu M, Conroy EM, Algar WR. Mind your P's and Q's: the coming of age of semiconducting polymer dots and semiconductor quantum dots in biological applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 34:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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