1
|
Said AA, Aydin E, Ugur E, Xu Z, Deger C, Vishal B, Vlk A, Dally P, Yildirim BK, Azmi R, Liu J, Jackson EA, Johnson HM, Gui M, Richter H, Pininti AR, Bristow H, Babics M, Razzaq A, Allen TG, Ledinský M, Yavuz I, Rand BP, De Wolf S. Sublimed C 60 for efficient and repeatable perovskite-based solar cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:708. [PMID: 38267408 PMCID: PMC10808237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermally evaporated C60 is a near-ubiquitous electron transport layer in state-of-the-art p-i-n perovskite-based solar cells. As perovskite photovoltaic technologies are moving toward industrialization, batch-to-batch reproducibility of device performances becomes crucial. Here, we show that commercial as-received (99.75% pure) C60 source materials may coalesce during repeated thermal evaporation processes, jeopardizing such reproducibility. We find that the coalescence is due to oxygen present in the initial source powder and leads to the formation of deep states within the perovskite bandgap, resulting in a systematic decrease in solar cell performance. However, further purification (through sublimation) of the C60 to 99.95% before evaporation is found to hinder coalescence, with the associated solar cell performances being fully reproducible after repeated processing. We verify the universality of this behavior on perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells by demonstrating their open-circuit voltages and fill factors to remain at 1950 mV and 81% respectively, over eight repeated processes using the same sublimed C60 source material. Notably, one of these cells achieved a certified power conversion efficiency of 30.9%. These findings provide insights crucial for the advancement of perovskite photovoltaic technologies towards scaled production with high process yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Said
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Erkan Aydin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Esma Ugur
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhaojian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Caner Deger
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Badri Vishal
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleš Vlk
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pia Dally
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bumin K Yildirim
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Randi Azmi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiang Liu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Holly M Johnson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Manting Gui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | | | - Anil R Pininti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen Bristow
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxime Babics
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arsalan Razzaq
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas G Allen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Ledinský
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ilhan Yavuz
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A novel parameter identification strategy based on COOT optimizer applied to a three-diode model of triple cation perovskite solar cells. Neural Comput Appl 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-023-08230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
3
|
Watanabe N, He W, Nozaki N, Matsumoto H, Michinobu T. Benzothiadiazole versus Thiazolobenzotriazole: A Structural Study of Electron Acceptors in Solution-Processable Organic Semiconductors. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200768. [PMID: 36102294 PMCID: PMC9828094 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid progress of organic electronics, developing high-performance n-type organic semiconductors is still challenging. Donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated structures have been an effective molecular design strategy to achieve chemically-stable semiconductors and the appropriate choice of the acceptor units determines the electronic properties and device performances. We have now synthesized two types of A1 -D-A2 -D-A1 type conjugated molecules, namely, NDI-BTT-NDI and NDI-TBZT-NDI, with different central acceptor units. In order to investigate the effects of the central acceptor units on the charge-transporting properties, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated. NDI-TBZT-NDI had shallower HOMO and deeper LUMO levels than NDI-BTT-NDI. Hence, the facilitated charge injection resulted in ambipolar transistor performances with the optimized hole and electron mobilities of 0.00134 and 0.151 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. In contrast, NDI-BTT-NDI displayed only an n-channel OFET performance with the electron mobility of 0.0288 cm2 V-1 s-1 . In addition, the device based on NDI-TBZT-NDI showed a superior air stability to that based on NDI-BTT-NDI. The difference in these OFET performances was reasonably explained by the contact resistance and film morphology. Overall, this study demonstrated that the TBZ acceptor is a promising building block to create n-type organic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Watanabe
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Waner He
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Naoya Nozaki
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng D, Xue J, Zhao Y, Zhang E, Zheng R, Yang Y. Configurable Organic Charge Carriers toward Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14954-14986. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yepin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Elizabeth Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ran Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gnida P, Amin MF, Pająk AK, Jarząbek B. Polymers in High-Efficiency Solar Cells: The Latest Reports. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1946. [PMID: 35631829 PMCID: PMC9143377 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Third-generation solar cells, including dye-sensitized solar cells, bulk-heterojunction solar cells, and perovskite solar cells, are being intensively researched to obtain high efficiencies in converting solar energy into electricity. However, it is also important to note their stability over time and the devices' thermal or operating temperature range. Today's widely used polymeric materials are also used at various stages of the preparation of the complete device-it is worth mentioning that in dye-sensitized solar cells, suitable polymers can be used as flexible substrates counter-electrodes, gel electrolytes, and even dyes. In the case of bulk-heterojunction solar cells, they are used primarily as donor materials; however, there are reports in the literature of their use as acceptors. In perovskite devices, they are used as additives to improve the morphology of the perovskite, mainly as hole transport materials and also as additives to electron transport layers. Polymers, thanks to their numerous advantages, such as the possibility of practically any modification of their chemical structure and thus their physical and chemical properties, are increasingly used in devices that convert solar radiation into electrical energy, which is presented in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Gnida
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Muhammad Faisal Amin
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Jarząbek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang C, Li Y, Ma C, Zhang Q. Recent Progress of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites in RRAM, Artificial Synapse, and Logic Operation. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and Technology Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou Jiangsu 215009 China
| | - Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and Technology Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou Jiangsu 215009 China
| | - Chunlan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and Technology Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou Jiangsu 215009 China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) City University of Hongkong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu W, Yu F, Fan W, Li WS, Zhang Q. Employing Equivalent Circuit Models to Study the Performance of Selenium-Based Solar Cells with Polymers as Hole Transport Layers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101226. [PMID: 34323356 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium(Se)-based solar cells (SSCs), known as one of the oldest solar cells, have regained intense attention due to the advantages of Se including direct bandgap, good stability, and single absorber. Among all kinds of device structures, conventional n-i-p SSCs with top organic hole transport layers (HTLs) show great potential since organic HTLs could be well-designed to smoothly extract holes from the Se single absorber and protect the Se surface. However, till now, the performance of Se solar cells with organic HTLs is not as good as expected. To address this issue, herein, the SSCs are first presented with organic polymers as the HTLs with the improved efficiency up to 4.3%, which is the highest one in organic HTLs-based SSCs. Additionally, comparing with perovskite solar cells, it is found that the recombination process is the key factor that influences the performance of SSCs. It is believed that the further optimization of the Se active layer and the design of new and suitable organic HTLs for SSCs should be the main focus to suppress the undesired recombination processes of Se films. Such realization would boost the efficiency of the as-fabricated SSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Weijun Fan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei-Shi Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Kong L, Du Y, Zhao J, Xie Y. Novel Thiadiazolobenzotriazole Based Donor–Acceptor Type Conjugated Polymers as Neutral Green Electrochromic Materials. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Lingqian Kong
- Dongchang College Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yuchang Du
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Yichun University Yichun 336000 P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim YR, Oh CM, Yoon CJ, Kim JH, Park K, Lee K, Hwang IW, Kim H. Highly stable and efficient cathode-buffer-layer-free inverted perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5652-5659. [PMID: 33710224 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00839k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simpler and less expensive fabrication process is one of the essential demands for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). Especially, inverted PeSCs (I-PeSCs) require a cathode buffer layer (CBL) for fabricating highly efficient and stable PeSCs. However, this increases the number of fabrication step. Here, we demonstrate highly stable and efficient cathode-buffer-layer-free I-PeSCs via additive engineering on an ETL, which is based on phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) with a small amount of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This modified ETL shows not only a simplified fabrication process but also effective extraction of charge from the perovskite to a high work function copper electrode (Cu) by formation of an interfacial dipole at the interfaces between the ETL and the Cu. Additionally, it exhibits good passivation of the trap density existing along the grain boundaries and surface of the perovskite layer, reducing the non-radiative recombination and consistent with the increases in open-circuit voltage (Voc). As a result, I-PeSCs with a blend PC61BM : PMMA ETL demonstrate an enhancement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 13.55% (without PMMA) to 18.38%. Furthermore, they exhibit both burn-in-free behaviour in photostability measurements by maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) method and long-term air-stability (30 days for T90) in ambient air. Lastly, we obtained PCE of 15.03% and 16.83% for large-area (1 cm2) I-PeSCs with PC61BM and PC61BM : PMMA, respectively. This method provides an alternative route to reduce the fabrication time and budget for commercialization of I-PeSCs without sacrificing device performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ryun Kim
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee PH, Wu TT, Tian KY, Li CF, Hou CH, Shyue JJ, Lu CF, Huang YC, Su WF. Work-Function-Tunable Electron Transport Layer of Molecule-Capped Metal Oxide for a High-Efficiency and Stable p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45936-45949. [PMID: 32917088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The composite electron transporting layer (ETL) of metal oxide with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) prevents perovskite from metal electrode erosion and increases p-i-n perovskite solar cell (PVSC) stability. Although the oxide exhibits protective function, an additional work function modifier is still needed for good device performance. Usually, complicated multistep synthesis is employed to have a highly crystalline film that increases manufacturing cost and inhibits scalability. We report a facile synthesis of a novel organic-molecule-capped metal oxide nanoparticle film for the composite ETL. The nanoparticle film not only has a dual function of electron transport and protection but also exhibits work function tunability. Solvothermal-prepared SnO2 nanoparticles are capped with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) through ligand exchange. The resulting TBAOH-SnO2 nanoparticles disperse well in ethanol and form a uniform film on PCBM. The power conversion efficiency of the device dramatically increases from 14.91 to 18.77% using this layer because of reduced charge accumulation and aligned band structure. The PVSC thermal stability is significantly enhanced by adopting this layer, which prevents migration of I- and Ag. The ligand exchange method extends to other metal oxides, such as TiO2, ITO, and CeO2, demonstrating its broad applicability. These results provide a cornerstone for large-scale manufacture of high-performance and stable PVSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Huan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Tzu Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yu Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Li
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jong Shyue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fu Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Elsenety MM, Stergiou A, Sygellou L, Tagmatarchis N, Balis N, Falaras P. Boosting perovskite nanomorphology and charge transport properties via a functional D-π-A organic layer at the absorber/hole transporter interface. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15137-15149. [PMID: 32638773 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02562c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The photovoltaic efficiency and stability challenges encountered in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were addressed by an innovative interface engineering approach involving the utilization of the organic chromophore (E)-3-(5-(4-(bis(2',4'-dibutoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (D35) as an interlayer between the perovskite absorber and the hole transporter (HTM) of mesoporous PSCs. The organic D-π-A interlayer primarily improves the perovskite's crystallinity and creates a smoother perovskite/HTM interface, while reducing the grain boundary defects and inducing an energy level alignment with the adjacent layers. Champion power conversion efficiencies (PCE) as high as 18.5% were obtained, clearly outperforming the reference devices. Interestingly, the D35-based solar cells present superior stability since they preserved 83% of their initial efficiency after 37 days of storage under dark and open circuit (OC) conditions. The obtained results consolidate the multifunctional role of organic D-π-A molecules as perovskite interface modifiers towards performance enhancement and scale-up fabrication of robust PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elsenety
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15341, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece.
| | - Anastasios Stergiou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Labrini Sygellou
- Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Platani GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Balis
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15341, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece.
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15341, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu W, Yu F, Fan W, Zhang Q. Improved stability and efficiency of polymer-based selenium solar cells through the usage of tin(iv) oxide in the electron transport layers and the analysis of aging dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14838-14845. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-performing SSCs with SnO2 as the ETL and P3HT as the HTL, showing a long-term stability (more than 1500 h) were fabricated. Moreover, the aging process of the SSCs was analyzed in detail to explore the factors that affect the device behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Weijun Fan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu W, Shaikh DB, Rao PS, Bhosale RS, Said AA, Mak AM, Wang Z, Zhao M, Gao W, Chen B, Lam YM, Fan W, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV, Zhang Q. Molecular Aggregation of Naphthalene Diimide(NDI) Derivatives in Electron Transport Layers of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Their Influence on the Device Performance. Chem Asian J 2019; 15:112-121. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Dada B. Shaikh
- Polymers and Functional Material DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Pedada Srinivasa Rao
- Polymers and Functional Material DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Rajesh S. Bhosale
- Department of ChemistryIndrashil University, Kadi Mehsana 382470 Gujarat India
| | - Ahmed Ali Said
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Adrian M. Mak
- Institute of High Performance Computing 1 Fusionopolis Way #16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore
| | - Zongrui Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Mu Zhao
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Weibo Gao
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Bingbing Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Yeng Ming Lam
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Weijun Fan
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Sidhanath V. Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Material DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | | | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shaikh DB, Ali Said A, Wang Z, Srinivasa Rao P, Bhosale RS, Mak AM, Zhao K, Zhou Y, Liu W, Gao W, Xie J, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV, Zhang Q. Influences of Structural Modification of Naphthalenediimides with Benzothiazole on Organic Field-Effect Transistor and Non-Fullerene Perovskite Solar Cell Characteristics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44487-44500. [PMID: 31692320 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing air-stable high-performance small organic molecule-based n-type and ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is very important and highly desirable. In this investigation, we designed and synthesized two naphthalenediimide (NDI) derivatives (NDI-BTH1 and NDI-BTH2) and found that introduction of 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) acetonitrile groups at the NDI core position gave the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO; -4.326 eV) and displayed strong electron affinities, suggesting that NDI-BTH1 might be a promising electron-transporting material (i.e., n-type semiconductor), whereas NDI-BTH2 bearing bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methane at the NDI core with a LUMO of -4.243 eV was demonstrated to be an ambipolar material. OFETs based on NDI-BTH1 and NDI-BTH2 have been fabricated, and the electron mobilities of NDI-BTH1 and NDI-BTH2 are 14.00 × 10-5 and 8.64 × 10-4 cm2/V·s, respectively, and the hole mobility of NDI-BTH2 is 1.68 × 10-4 cm2/V·s. Moreover, a difference in NDI-core substituent moieties significantly alters the UV-vis absorption and cyclic voltammetry properties. Thus, we further successfully employed NDI-BTH1 and NDI-BTH2 as electron transport layer (ETL) materials in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The PSC performance exhibits that NDI-BTH2 as the ETL material gave higher power conversion efficiency as compared to NDI-BTH1, that is, NDI-BTH2 produces 15.4%, while NDI-BTH1 gives 13.7%. The PSC performance is comparable with the results obtained from OFETs. We presume that improvement in solar cell efficiency of NDI-BTH2-based PSCs is due to the well-matched LUMO of NDI-BTH2 toward the conduction band of the perovskite layer, which in turn increase electron extraction and transportation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dada B Shaikh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007 , Telangana , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201 002 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | | | | | - Pedada Srinivasa Rao
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007 , Telangana , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201 002 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Rajesh S Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007 , Telangana , India
| | - Adrian M Mak
- Institute of High Performance Computing , 1 Fusionopolis Way , #16-16 Connexis, 138632 , Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sidhanath V Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007 , Telangana , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201 002 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Sheshanath V Bhosale
- School of Chemical Sciences , Goa University , Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403 206 , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen X, He Y, Ali MU, He Y, Zhu Y, Li A, Zhao C, Perepichka IF, Meng H. Isothianaphthene diimide: an air-stable n-type semiconductor. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Han X, Liang J, Yang JH, Soni K, Fang Q, Wang W, Zhang J, Jia S, Martí AA, Zhao Y, Lou J. Lead-Free Double Perovskite Cs 2 SnX 6 : Facile Solution Synthesis and Excellent Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901650. [PMID: 31373741 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Long-term instability and possible lead contamination are the two main issues limiting the widespread application of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites. Here a facile and efficient solution-phase method is demonstrated to synthesize lead-free Cs2 SnX6 (X = Br, I) with a well-defined crystal structure, long-term stability, and high yield. Based on the systematic experimental data and first-principle simulation results, Cs2 SnX6 displays excellent stability against moisture, light, and high temperature, which can be ascribed to the unique vacancy-ordered defect-variant structure, stable chemical compositions with Sn4+ , as well as the lower formation enthalpy for Cs2 SnX6 . Additionally, photodetectors based on Cs2 SnI6 are also fabricated, which show excellent performance and stability. This study provides very useful insights into the development of lead-free double perovskites with high stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ji-Hui Yang
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Science (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Khushboo Soni
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Institute of Nano-Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Qiyi Fang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Shuai Jia
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Angel A Martí
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, Hasegawa T, Matsumoto H, Michinobu T. Significant Difference in Semiconducting Properties of Isomeric All‐Acceptor Polymers Synthesized via Direct Arylation Polycondensation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Current address: Emergent Molecular Function Research Team Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Hasegawa T, Matsumoto H, Michinobu T. Significant Difference in Semiconducting Properties of Isomeric All-Acceptor Polymers Synthesized via Direct Arylation Polycondensation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11893-11902. [PMID: 31210386 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) appeared as an efficient method for producing semiconducting polymers but often requires acceptor monomers with orienting or activating groups for the reactive carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds, which limits the choice of acceptor units. In this study, we describe a DArP for producing high-molecular-weight all-acceptor polymers composed of the acceptor monomers without any orienting or activating groups via a modified method using Pd/Cu co-catalysts. We thus obtained two isomeric all-acceptor polymers, P1 and P2, which have the same backbone and side-chains but different positions of the nitrogen atoms in the thiazole units. This subtle change significantly influences their optoelectronic, molecular packing, and charge-transport properties. P2 with a greater backbone torsion has favorable edge-on orientations and a high electron mobility μe of 2.55 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Moreover, P2-based transistors show an excellent shelf-storage stability in air even after the storage for 1 month.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.,Current address: Emergent Molecular Function Research Team, Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Said AA, Xie J, Zhang Q. Recent Progress in Organic Electron Transport Materials in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900854. [PMID: 31069952 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic n-type materials (e.g., fullerene derivatives, naphthalene diimides (NDIs), perylene diimides (PDIs), azaacene-based molecules, and n-type conjugated polymers) are demonstrated as promising electron transport layers (ETLs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (p-i-n PSCs), because these materials have several advantages such as easy synthesis and purification, tunable frontier molecular orbitals, decent electron mobility, low cost, good solubility in different organic solvents, and reasonable chemical/thermal stability. Considering these positive factors, approaches toward achieving effective p-i-n PSCs with these organic materials as ETLs are highlighted in this Review. Moreover, organic structures, electron transport properties, working function of electrodes caused by ETLs, and key relevant parameters (PCE and stability) of p-i-n PSCs are presented. Hopefully, this Review will provide fundamental guidance for future development of new organic n-type materials as ETLs for more efficient p-i-n PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali Said
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Michinobu T. Development of N-Type Semiconducting Polymers for Transistor Applications. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2019. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.32.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|