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Zhang Q, Zhang D, Liao Z, Cao YB, Kumar M, Poddar S, Han J, Hu Y, Lv H, Mo X, Srivastava AK, Fan Z. Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with Quantum Wires and Nanorods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405418. [PMID: 39183527 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite materials, celebrated for their exceptional optoelectronic properties, have seen extensive application in the field of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), where research is as abundant as the proverbial "carloads of books." In this review, the research of perovskite materials is delved into from a dimensional perspective, with a focus on the exemplary performance of low-dimensional perovskite materials in LEDs. This discussion predominantly revolves around perovskite quantum wires and perovskite nanorods. Perovskite quantum wires are versatile in their growth, compatible with both solution-based and vapor-phase growth, and can be deposited over large areas-even on spherical substrates-to achieve commendable electroluminescence (EL). Perovskite nanorods, on the other hand, boast a suite of superior characteristics, such as polarization properties and tunability of the transition dipole moment, endowing them with the great potential to enhance light extraction efficiency. Furthermore, zero-dimensional (0D) perovskite materials like nanocrystals (NCs) are also the subject of widespread research and application. This review reflects on and synthesizes the unique qualities of the aforementioned materials while exploring their vital roles in the development of high-efficiency perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianpeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Daquan Zhang
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zebing Liao
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yang Bryan Cao
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mallem Kumar
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Swapnadeep Poddar
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Junchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hualiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoliang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Abhishek Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Zhang J, Qian D, Hu H, Wang K, Cao Y, Song Q, Yao J, Su X, Zhou L, Zhang S, Wang T, Rong Y, Liu C, Mao L, Ding T, Yi J, Zhang YJ, Li JF, Wang N, Wang J, Liu X. Enhancing Light Out-coupling in Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes through Plasmonic Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2681-2688. [PMID: 38408023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as promising candidates for lighting and display technologies owing to their high photoluminescence quantum efficiency and high carrier mobility. However, the performance of planar PeLEDs is limited by the out-coupling efficiency, predominantly governed by photonic losses at device interfaces. Most notably, the plasmonic loss at the metal electrode interfaces can account for up to 60% of the total loss. Here, we investigate the use of plasmonic nanostructures to improve the light out-coupling in PeLEDs. By integrating these nanostructures with PeLEDs, we have demonstrated an effectively reduced plasmonic loss and enhanced light out-coupling. As a result, the nanostructured PeLEDs exhibit an average 1.5-fold increase in external quantum efficiency and an ∼20-fold improvement in device lifetime. This finding offers a generic approach for enhancing light out-coupling, promising great potential to go beyond existing performance limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dongmin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huatian Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qianshan Song
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiacheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xi Su
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, P. R. China
| | - Ti Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yaoguang Rong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Yi
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), and School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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3
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Qin F, Lu M, Lu P, Sun S, Bai X, Zhang Y. Luminescence and Degeneration Mechanism of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes and Strategies for Improving Device Performance. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300434. [PMID: 37434048 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) can be a promising technology for next-generation display and lighting applications due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, a systematical overview of luminescence and degradation mechanism of perovskite materials and PeLEDs is lacking. Therefore, it is crucial to fully understand these mechanisms and further improve device performances. In this work, the fundamental photophysical processes of perovskite materials, electroluminescence mechanism of PeLEDs including carrier kinetics and efficiency roll-off as well as device degradation mechanism are discussed in detail. In addition, the strategies to improve device performances are summarized, including optimization of photoluminescence quantum yield, charge injection and recombination, and light outcoupling efficiency. It is hoped that this work can provide guidance for future development of PeLEDs and ultimately realize industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feisong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Po Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Zhao B, Vasilopoulou M, Fakharuddin A, Gao F, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Friend RH, Di D. Light management for perovskite light-emitting diodes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:981-992. [PMID: 37653050 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have reached external quantum efficiencies of over 20% for various colours, showing great potential for display and lighting applications. Despite the internal quantum efficiencies of the best-performing devices already approaching unity, around 80% of the internally generated photons are trapped in the devices and lose energy through a variety of lossy channels. Significant opportunities for improving efficiency and maximizing photon extraction lie in the effective management of light. In this Review we analyse light management strategies based on the intrinsic optical properties of the perovskite materials and the extrinsic properties related to device structures. These approaches should allow the external quantum efficiencies of perovskite LEDs to substantially exceed the conventional limits of planar organic LED devices. By revisiting lessons learned from organic LEDs and perovskite solar cells, we highlight possible directions of future research towards perovskite LEDs with ultrahigh efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Attica, Greece
| | | | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Abd Rashid Bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Dawei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Saleem MI, Katware A, Amin A, Jung SH, Lee JH. YCl 3-Substituted CsPbI 3 Perovskite Nanorods for Efficient Red-Light-Emitting Diodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1366. [PMID: 37110951 PMCID: PMC10141025 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are a promising material for red-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their excellent color purity and high luminous efficiency. However, small-sized CsPbI3 colloidal NCs, such as nanocubes, used in LEDs suffer from confinement effects, negatively impacting their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and overall efficiency. Here, we introduced YCl3 into the CsPbI3 perovskite, which formed anisotropic, one-dimensional (1D) nanorods. This was achieved by taking advantage of the difference in bond energies among iodide and chloride ions, which caused YCl3 to promote the anisotropic growth of CsPbI3 NCs. The addition of YCl3 significantly improved the PLQY by passivating nonradiative recombination rates. The resulting YCl3-substituted CsPbI3 nanorods were applied to the emissive layer in LEDs, and we achieved an external quantum efficiency of ~3.16%, which is 1.86-fold higher than the pristine CsPbI3 NCs (1.69%) based LED. Notably, the ratio of horizontal transition dipole moments (TDMs) in the anisotropic YCl3:CsPbI3 nanorods was found to be 75%, which is higher than the isotropically-oriented TDMs in CsPbI3 nanocrystals (67%). This increased the TDM ratio and led to higher light outcoupling efficiency in nanorod-based LEDs. Overall, the results suggest that YCl3-substituted CsPbI3 nanorods could be promising for achieving high-performance perovskite LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amarja Katware
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Al Amin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hee Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lee
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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6
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Chen L, Gan Z, Zhang Y, Cai W, Wei GD, Cui D, Cai J, Li WD. Hybrid modeling of perovskite light-emitting diodes with nanostructured emissive layers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:33145-33155. [PMID: 36242361 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted much attention due to their superior performance. When a bottleneck of energy conversion efficiency is achieved with materials engineering, nanostructure incorporation proves to be a feasible approach to further improve device efficiencies via light extraction enhancement. The finite-difference time-domain simulation is widely used for optical analysis of nanostructured optoelectronic devices, but reliable modeling of PeLEDs with nanostructured emissive layers remains unmet due to the difficulty of locating dipole light sources. Herein we established a hybrid process for modeling light emission behaviors of such nanostructured PeLEDs by calibrating light source distribution through electrical simulations. This hybrid modeling method serves as a universal tool for structure optimization of light-emitting diodes with nanostructured emissive layers.
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7
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Li G, Qin J, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li M, Chen J. Microscale gratings patterned in perovskite films to promote the electron-optical conversion efficiency of perovskite light-emitting diodes. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:35-40. [PMID: 35200799 DOI: 10.1364/ao.443005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated an enhancement of luminance in a perovskite light-emitting diode (PeLED) by inserting periodic microscale gratings. Soft imprinting was employed to pattern the gratings onto the surface of perovskite film in the annealing process. It was found that the grain-refining effect deeply influenced the morphology and crystallinity of the perovskite film. The finite-element analysis was utilized to confirm the light extraction enhancement arising from the inserted microscale gratings. Additionally, the introduction of microscale gratings led to a 1.33 enhancement of the device's optoelectrical field intensity. Thus, the patterned PeLED obtained an enhancement of 2.96 and 2.1 of the luminance and external quantum efficiency, respectively.
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Zheng M, Fang G. Luminescence enhancement of lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes with plasmonic metal nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16427-16447. [PMID: 34590647 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05667k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites, as newly emerging light emitters, have been attracting considerable attention on luminescent materials and devices, due to their superior optoelectronic properties and potential practical applications. Recently, perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have been largely designed and intensively studied in laboratory platforms. However, to satisfy demand and promote their commercialization, it is crucial to improve the efficiency and stability of PeLEDs. Accordingly, the surface-plasmon (SP) effect provides a promising approach to enhance their luminescence, which is realized by incorporating plasmonic metal nanostructures (NSs) into PeLEDs. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the research status and prospect on LHP-based plasmonic PeLEDs together with the corresponding perovskite light-emission films (PeLEFs). Firstly, the recent development of the PeLEDs is briefly introduced. Secondly, the mechanisms and photophysics of the PeLEDs by SP manipulation are simply illustrated and analyzed. Then, the recent progress and achievements on the theoretical and experimental results of SP effect applications in the PeLEDs together with PeLEFs are presented in detail and systematically reviewed. Next, the current challenges and future directions of the PeLEDs are shown and discussed. Finally, a critical summary and outlook of the PeLEDs are summarized and proposed. Our results indicate that this new class of LHP-based plasmonic PeLEDs presents future research fields and demonstrates promising applications in lighting and displays, and further luminescence enhancement in exciton radiation processes and light extraction techniques are a hopeful route to obtain high-performance PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Guojia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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Xiang H, Wang R, Chen J, Li F, Zeng H. Research progress of full electroluminescent white light-emitting diodes based on a single emissive layer. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:206. [PMID: 34611124 PMCID: PMC8492743 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon neutrality, energy savings, and lighting costs and quality have always led to urgent demand for lighting technology innovation. White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) based on a single emissive layer (SEL) fabricated by the solution method have been continuously researched in recent years; they are advantageous because they have a low cost and are ultrathin and flexible. Here, we reviewed the history and development of SEL-WLEDs over recent years to provide inspiration and promote their progress in lighting applications. We first introduced the emitters and analysed the advantages of these emitters in creating SEL-WLEDs and then reviewed some cases that involve the above emitters, which were formed via vacuum thermal evaporation or solution processes. Some notable developments that deserve attention are highlighted in this review due to their potential use in SEL-WLEDs, such as perovskite materials. Finally, we looked at future development trends of SEL-WLEDs and proposed potential research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyang Xiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Run Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Fushan Li
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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Jia Y, Yu H, Zhou Y, Li N, Guo Y, Xie F, Qin Z, Lu X, Zhao N. Excess Ion-Induced Efficiency Roll-Off in High-Efficiency Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28546-28554. [PMID: 34110767 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Applying extensively excess ammonium halides in forming perovskites is a widely used approach to achieve high-performance perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, most of these PeLEDs suffer from severe external quantum efficiency (EQE) roll-off at high current densities, thereby restricting the realization of high-brightness PeLEDs and laser diodes. In this work, we explore the underlying mechanism of the EQE roll-off in high-efficiency formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3)-based PeLEDs. By combining voltage-dependent electrical stress measurements and ex situ ion distribution analysis of PeLEDs, we found that the electric field-driven migration and local segregation of excess iodide ions, originated from nonstoichiometric precursors, trigger the EQE roll-off via promoting imbalanced charge injection. Based on this discovery, we introduced a simple wash-off treatment with chloroform to remove the excess iodides from the perovskite surface and demonstrated that the treatment is highly effective in suppressing the roll-off behavior. By combining the treatment and the use of an ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interlayer, we achieved a high-brightness PeLED with an EQEmax of 19.6%, a critical current density of 1550 mA cm-2, and a radiancemax of 875 W sr-1 m-2. The study reveals the double-edge sword effect of precursor nonstoichiometry and highlights the importance of managing excess ions in perovskite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Jia
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yuwei Guo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Fangyan Xie
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhaotong Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
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11
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Chen Z, Li Z, Hopper TR, Bakulin AA, Yip HL. Materials, photophysics and device engineering of perovskite light-emitting diodes. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:046401. [PMID: 33730709 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abefba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we provide a comprehensive review of a newly developed lighting technology based on metal halide perovskites (i.e. perovskite light-emitting diodes) encompassing the research endeavours into materials, photophysics and device engineering. At the outset we survey the basic perovskite structures and their various dimensions (namely three-, two- and zero-dimensional perovskites), and demonstrate how the compositional engineering of these structures affects the perovskite light-emitting properties. Next, we turn to the physics underpinning photo- and electroluminescence in these materials through their connection to the fundamental excited states, energy/charge transport processes and radiative and non-radiative decay mechanisms. In the remainder of the review, we focus on the engineering of perovskite light-emitting diodes, including the history of their development as well as an extensive analysis of contemporary strategies for boosting device performance. Key concepts include balancing the electron/hole injection, suppression of parasitic carrier losses, improvement of the photoluminescence quantum yield and enhancement of the light extraction. Overall, this review reflects the current paradigm for perovskite lighting, and is intended to serve as a foundation to materials and device scientists newly working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou University City, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center of Printed Photovoltaics, South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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12
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Qian XY, Tang YY, Zhou W, Shen Y, Guo ML, Li YQ, Tang JX. Strategies to Improve Luminescence Efficiency and Stability of Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Devices. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Qian
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Ying-Yi Tang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Ming-Lei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa 999078 Macau China
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13
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Zhang L, Sun C, He T, Jiang Y, Wei J, Huang Y, Yuan M. High-performance quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes: from materials to devices. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:61. [PMID: 33741895 PMCID: PMC7979804 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites have attracted extraordinary attention due to their superior semiconducting properties and have emerged as one of the most promising materials for next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The outstanding optical properties originate from their structural characteristics. In particular, the inherent quantum-well structure endows them with a large exciton binding energy due to the strong dielectric- and quantum-confinement effects; the corresponding energy transfer among different n-value species thus results in high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), particularly at low excitation intensities. The review herein presents an overview of the inherent properties of quasi-2D perovskite materials, the corresponding energy transfer and spectral tunability methodologies for thin films, as well as their application in high-performance LEDs. We then summarize the challenges and potential research directions towards developing high-performance and stable quasi-2D PeLEDs. The review thus provides a systematic and timely summary for the community to deepen the understanding of quasi-2D perovskite materials and resulting LED devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingwei He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Xiao P, Yu Y, Cheng J, Chen Y, Yuan S, Chen J, Yuan J, Liu B. Advances in Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Possessing Improved Lifetime. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E103. [PMID: 33406749 PMCID: PMC7823701 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are seeing an increasing academic and industrial interest with a potential for a broad range of technologies including display, lighting, and signaling. The maximum external quantum efficiency of PeLEDs can overtake 20% nowadays, however, the lifetime of PeLEDs is still far from the demand of practical applications. In this review, state-of-the-art concepts to improve the lifetime of PeLEDs are comprehensively summarized from the perspective of the design of perovskite emitting materials, the innovation of device engineering, the manipulation of optical effects, and the introduction of advanced encapsulations. First, the fundamental concepts determining the lifetime of PeLEDs are presented. Then, the strategies to improve the lifetime of both organic-inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic PeLEDs are highlighted. Particularly, the approaches to manage optical effects and encapsulations for the improved lifetime, which are negligibly studied in PeLEDs, are discussed based on the related concepts of organic LEDs and Cd-based quantum-dot LEDs, which is beneficial to insightfully understand the lifetime of PeLEDs. At last, the challenges and opportunities to further enhance the lifetime of PeLEDs are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (P.X.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yicong Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (P.X.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junyang Cheng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (P.X.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (P.X.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shengjin Yuan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (P.X.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (P.X.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jian Yuan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (P.X.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Baiquan Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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15
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Jeong JE, Park JH, Jang CH, Song MH, Woo HY. Multifunctional Charge Transporting Materials for Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002176. [PMID: 32886378 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite their low exciton-binding energies, metal halide perovskites are extensively studied as light-emitting materials owing to narrow emission with high color purity, easy/wide color tunability, and high photoluminescence quantum yields. To improve the efficiency of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), much effort has been devoted to controlling the emitting layer morphologies to induce charge confinement and decrease the nonradiative recombination. The interfaces between the emitting layer and charge transporting layer (CTL) are vulnerable to various defects that deteriorate the efficiency and stability of the PeLEDs. Therefore, the establishment of multifunctional CTLs that can improve not only charge transport but also critical factors that influence device performance, such as defect passivation, morphology/phase control, ion migration suppression, and light outcoupling efficiency, are highly required. Herein, the fundamental limitations of perovskites as emitters (i.e., defects, morphological and phase instability, high refractive index with poor outcoupling) and the recent developments with regard to multifunctional CTLs to compensate such limitations are summarized, and their device applications are also reviewed. Finally, based on the importance of multifunctional CTLs, the outlook and research prospects of multifunctional CTLs for the further improvement of PeLEDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hyeon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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16
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Li S, Ding H, Cai H, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Yang J, Jin Y, Pan N, Wang X. Realizing CsPbBr 3 Light-Emitting Diode Arrays Based on PDMS Template Confined Solution Growth of Single-Crystalline Perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8275-8282. [PMID: 32941051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have shown excellent optoelectronic properties, among which the array-type architecture is highly desirable. However, both the susceptibility of perovskites to polar solvents and the complex 3D geometry of array structure have led to great challenges for device fabrication and performance, which hinders their further applications. Here, we report a simple but efficient approach highly compatible with the state-of-the-art microelectronics processes to construct single-crystalline array light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of perovskite. The well-aligned single-crystalline array was sandwiched as the emission layer, among the carefully designed multilayer ITO/NiO/CsPbBr3/PMMA/ZnO/Ag structure. Through systematically altering the size of CsPbBr3 single crystal and the thickness of insulation layer, the device performance has been optimized and eventually achieved a 99% working ratio in a 62 × 47 array. Moreover, a prototype device of LED display was also fabricated. These results clearly demonstrate that our strategy is efficient, reliable, and versatile, which can be easily extended to other perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Huaiyi Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Nan Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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17
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Jeong B, Han H, Park C. Micro- and Nanopatterning of Halide Perovskites Where Crystal Engineering for Emerging Photoelectronics Meets Integrated Device Array Technology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000597. [PMID: 32530144 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing thin film halide perovskites (HPs) for use in high-performance photoelectronic devices, including solar cells, displays, and photodetectors. Furthermore, structured HPs with periodic micro- or nanopatterns have recently attracted significant interest due to their potential to not only improve the efficiency of an individual device via the controlled arrangement of HP crystals into a confined geometry, but also to technologically pixelate the device into arrays suitable for future commercialization. However, micro- or nanopatterning of HPs is not usually compatible with conventional photolithography, which is detrimental to ionic HPs and requires special techniques. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art technologies used to develop micro- and nanometer-scale HP patterns, with an emphasis on their controlled microstructures based on top-down and bottom-up approaches, and their potential for future applications, is provided. Top-down approaches include modified conventional lithographic techniques and soft-lithographic methods, while bottom-up approaches include template-assisted patterning of HPs based on lithographically defined prepatterns and self-assembly. HP patterning is shown here to not only improve device performance, but also to reveal the unprecedented functionality of HPs, leading to new research areas that utilize their novel photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjin Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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18
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Gu L, Wen K, Peng Q, Huang W, Wang J. Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001861. [PMID: 32573954 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted considerable attention because of their potential in display and lighting applications. To promote commercialization of PeLEDs, it is important to improve the external quantum efficiency of the devices, which depends on their internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and light extraction efficiency. Optical simulations have revealed that 20-50% of the light generated in the device will be lost to surface plasmon (SP) modes formed in the metal/dielectric interfaces. Therefore, extracting the optical energy in SP modes to the air will greatly increase the light extraction efficiency of PeLEDs. In addition, the SPs can accelerate radiative recombination of the emitter via near-field effects. Thus, the IQE of a PeLED can also be enhanced by SP manipulation. In this review, first, general concepts of the SPs and how they can enhance the efficiency of LEDs are introduced. Then recent progresses in SP-enhanced emission of perovskite films and LEDs are systematically reviewed. After that, the challenges and opportunities of the SP-enhanced PeLEDs are shown, followed by an outlook of further development of the SPs in perovskite optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kaichuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Shen Y, Li MN, Li Y, Xie FM, Wu HY, Zhang GH, Chen L, Lee ST, Tang JX. Rational Interface Engineering for Efficient Flexible Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6107-6116. [PMID: 32223190 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising for next-generation displays and lighting, their efficiency is still considerably below that of conventional inorganic and organic counterparts. Significant efforts in various aspects of the electroluminescence process are required to achieve high-performance PeLEDs. Here, we present an improved flexible PeLED structure based on the rational interface engineering for energy-efficient photon generation and enhanced light outcoupling. The interface-stimulated crystallization and defect passivation of the perovskite emitter are synergistically realized by tuning the underlying interlayer, leading to the suppression of trap-mediated nonradiative recombination losses. Besides approaching highly emissive perovskite layers, the outcoupling of trapped light is also enhanced by combining the silver nanowires-based electrode with quasi-random nanopatterns on flexible plastic substrate. Upon the collective optimization of the device structure, a record external quantum efficiency of 24.5% is achieved for flexible PeLEDs based on green-emitting CsPbBr3 perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Ni Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- School of Physics and Electronics Science, Ministry of Education Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Feng-Ming Xie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics (IOO), Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), Wujiang, Suzhou 215215, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics (IOO), Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI), Wujiang, Suzhou 215215, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Shen X, Zhang X, Tang C, Zhang X, Lu P, Shi Z, Xie W, Yu WW, Zhang Y. Silver-Bismuth Bilayer Anode for Perovskite Nanocrystal Light-Emitting Devices. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3853-3859. [PMID: 32343898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting devices (PNC LEDs) exhibit great potential in display and lighting applications. Balanced hole and electron injection in the light-emitting layer is undoubtedly an effective way to improve LED performance. Here, bismuth (Bi) was introduced into PNC LEDs to form a silver-bismuth (Ag-Bi) bilayer anode. Ag diffused into a defective 2 nm thick Bi layer to form an alloy-like state that promoted hole injection, reduced the charge transfer resistance, and enhanced charge transfer, leading to more balanced hole-electron carriers in the emission layer through hole injection enhancement. As a result, the turn-on voltage and brightness changed from 2.41 V and 2200 cd m-2, respectively, for CsPb1-xZnxI3-based LEDs with a Ag monolayer anode to 2.2 V and 3714 cd m-2, respectively, for devices with a Ag-Bi bilayer anode. In addition, the performance of CsPbI3 and CsPbBrI2 PNC-based LEDs has also been effectively improved by using a Ag-Bi bilayer anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiangtong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Po Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wenfa Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - William W Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana 71115, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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21
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Wang S, Li C, Xiang Y, Qi H, Fang Y, Wang A, Shen H, Du Z. Light extraction from quantum dot light emitting diodes by multiscale nanostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1967-1972. [PMID: 36132497 PMCID: PMC9417338 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving the light extraction efficiency by introducing optical-functional structures outside of quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) for further enhancing the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is essential for their application in display and lighting industries. Although the efficiency of QLEDs has been optimized by controlling the synthesis of the quantum dots, the low outcoupling efficiency is indeed unresolved because of total internal reflections, waveguides and metal surface absorptions within the device. Here, we utilize multiscale nanostructures attached to the outer surface of the glass substrate to extract the trapped light from the emitting layers of QLEDs. The result indicates that both the EQE and luminance are improved from 12.29% to 17.94% and 122 400 cd m-2 to 178 700 cd m-2, respectively. The maximum EQE and current efficiency improve to 21.3% and 88.3 cd A-1, respectively, which are the best performances among reported green QLEDs with light outcoupling nanostructures. The improved performance is ascribed to the elimination of total internal reflection by multiscale nanostructures attached to the outer surface of the QLEDs. Additionally, the simulation results of the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) also demonstrate that the light trapping effect is reduced by the multiscale nanostructures. The design of novel light outcoupling nanostructures for further improving the efficiency of QLEDs can promote their application in display and lighting industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Chenran Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Hui Qi
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yan Fang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Aqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Huaibin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
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22
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Zhang Q, Zhang D, Gu L, Tsui KH, Poddar S, Fu Y, Shu L, Fan Z. Three-Dimensional Perovskite Nanophotonic Wire Array-Based Light-Emitting Diodes with Significantly Improved Efficiency and Stability. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1577-1585. [PMID: 31944666 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for highly efficient light-emitting diodes in the past few years due to their excellent crystallinity, high color purity, wide-range bandgap tunability, and solution processability. However, the reported device external quantum efficiency has not reached the level on par with that of conventional inorganic and organic light-emitting diodes. Moreover, device stability still needs substantial improvement. In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of perovskite nanophotonic wire array-based light-emitting diodes with a capillary-effect-assisted template method. Compared with the planar control device, the nanostructured device demonstrates 45% improvement of external quantum efficiency from 11% to 16% owing to substantial enhancement on device light extraction efficiency verified by optical modeling. Intriguingly, it is also discovered that the nanostructured device possesses 3.89 times lifetime compared to the planar control device, due to effective template passivation. The results here have clearly shown that with a proper photonic device structure design, both the device performance and lifetime can be significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianpeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Daquan Zhang
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Leilei Gu
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Kwong-Hoi Tsui
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Swapnadeep Poddar
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Lei Shu
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong SAR , China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , China
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23
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Jung YJ, Cho SY, Jung JW, Kim SY, Lee JH. Influence of indium-tin-oxide and emitting-layer thicknesses on light outcoupling of perovskite light-emitting diodes. NANO CONVERGENCE 2019; 6:26. [PMID: 31392532 PMCID: PMC6686030 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are emerging as a promising candidate for next-generation optoelectronic devices. The efficiency of PeLEDs has developed explosively in a short time, but their overall efficiency is still low. This is strongly related to the high refractive indexes of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and perovskite emitting layers. Various outcoupling strategies are being introduced to outcouple the light trapped inside the layers. However, the proposed methods have experimental challenges that need to be overcome for application to large-area electronics. Based on optical simulations, we demonstrate that the thicknesses of the ITO and perovskite layers are key parameters to improve the outcoupling efficiency of PeLEDs. In addition, the optical energy losses of PeLEDs can be reduced significantly by properly adjusting the thicknesses of the two layers. This leads to outstanding optical performance with a maximum EQE greater than 20% without using any other external outcoupling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yong Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Won Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Yong Kim
- LG Chem. Research Park, LG Chem. Co., Ltd, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Shen Y, Cheng LP, Li YQ, Li W, Chen JD, Lee ST, Tang JX. High-Efficiency Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with Synergetic Outcoupling Enhancement. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901517. [PMID: 31012195 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) show great application potential in high-quality flat-panel displays and solid-state lighting due to their steadily improved efficiency, tunable colors, narrow emission peak, and easy solution-processing capability. However, because of high optical confinement and nonradiative charge recombination during electron-photon conversion, the highest reported efficiency of PeLEDs remains far behind that of their conventional counterparts, such as inorganic LEDs, organic LEDs, and quantum-dot LEDs. Here a facile route is demonstrated by adopting bioinspired moth-eye nanostructures at the front electrode/perovskite interface to enhance the outcoupling efficiency of waveguided light in PeLEDs. As a result, the maximum external quantum efficiency and current efficiency of the modified cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3 ) green-emitting PeLEDs are improved to 20.3% and 61.9 cd A-1 , while retaining spectral and angular independence. Further reducing light loss in the substrate mode using a half-ball lens, efficiencies of 28.2% and 88.7 cd A-1 are achieved, which represent the highest values reported to date for PeLEDs. These results represent a substantial step toward achieving practical applications of PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Li-Peng Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing-De Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics (IOO), JITRI, Wujiang, Suzhou, 215215, China
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