1
|
Jiang C, Sheng B. Linear Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Gradient Architecture through Laser Ablation on MWCNT/Ecoflex Film. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:962. [PMID: 38611220 PMCID: PMC11013779 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The practical application of flexible pressure sensors, including electronic skins, wearable devices, human-machine interaction, etc., has attracted widespread attention. However, the linear response range of pressure sensors remains an issue. Ecoflex, as a silicone rubber, is a common material for flexible pressure sensors. Herein, we have innovatively designed and fabricated a pressure sensor with a gradient micro-cone architecture generated by CO2 laser ablation of MWCNT/Ecoflex dielectric layer film. In cooperation with the gradient micro-cone architecture and a dielectric layer of MWCNT/Ecoflex with a variable high dielectric constant under pressure, the pressure sensor exhibits linearity (R2 = 0.990) within the pressure range of 0-60 kPa, boasting a sensitivity of 0.75 kPa-1. Secondly, the sensor exhibits a rapid response time of 95 ms, a recovery time of 129 ms, hysteresis of 6.6%, and stability over 500 cycles. Moreover, the sensor effectively exhibited comprehensive detection of physiological signals, airflow detection, and Morse code communication, thereby demonstrating the potential for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Jiang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao X, Yuan L, Xue C, Zhang X, Meng X, Li X. Bubbles-Induced Porous Structure-Based Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors for Speech Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9532-9543. [PMID: 38345942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive sensors with a porous structure that are used in the field of speech recognition are seldom characterized by both high sensitivity and ease of preparation. In this study, a piezoresistive sensor with a porous structure that is both highly sensitive and can be prepared by using a simple method is proposed for speech recognition. The preparation process utilizes the interaction of bubbles generated by ethanol evaporation and active agents with polydimethylsiloxane to produce a porous flexible substrate. This preparation process requires neither templates nor harsh experimental conditions such as a low temperature and a low pressure. Furthermore, the prepared piezoresistive sensor has excellent properties, such as a high sensitivity (27.6 kPa-1), a satisfactory response time (800 μs), and a good stability (10,000 cycles). When used for speech recognition, more than 1500 vocalizations and silent speech signals obtained from subjects saying numbers from "0" to "9" were collected by the sensor for training a convolutional neural network model. The average accuracy of the recognition reached 94.8%. The simple preparation process and the excellent performance of the prepared flexible piezoresistive sensor endow it with a wide application prospect in the field of speech recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Chengzhen Xue
- Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xuejuan Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu S, Shu L, Song Z, Xu X. SFDA: Domain Adaptation With Source Subject Fusion Based on Multi-Source and Single-Target Fall Risk Assessment. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2023; 31:4907-4920. [PMID: 38032785 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2023.3337861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In cross-subject fall risk classification based on plantar pressure, a challenge is that data from different subjects have significant individual information. Thus, the models with insufficient generalization ability can't perform well on new subjects, which limits their application in daily life. To solve this problem, domain adaptation methods are applied to reduce the gap between source and target domain. However, these methods focus on the distribution of the source and the target domain, but ignore the potential correlation among multiple source subjects, which deteriorates domain adaptation performance. In this paper, we proposed a novel method named domain adaptation with subject fusion (SFDA) for fall risk assessment, greatly improving the cross-subject assessment ability. Specifically, SFDA synchronously carries out source target adaptation and multiple source subject fusion by domain adversarial module to reduce source-target gap and distribution distance within source subjects of same class. Consequently, target samples can learn more task-specific features from source subjects to improve the generalization ability. Experiment results show that SFDA achieved mean accuracy of 79.17 % and 73.66 % based on two backbones in a cross-subject classification manner, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods on continuous plantar pressure dataset. This study proves the effectiveness of SFDA and provides a novel tool for implementing cross-subject and few-gait fall risk assessment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ban S, Lee CW, Sakthivelpathi V, Chung JH, Kim JH. Continuous Biopotential Monitoring via Carbon Nanotubes Paper Composites (CPC) for Sustainable Health Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9727. [PMID: 38139573 PMCID: PMC10748204 DOI: 10.3390/s23249727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Skin-based wearable devices have gained significant attention due to advancements in soft materials and thin-film technologies. Nevertheless, traditional wearable electronics often entail expensive and intricate manufacturing processes and rely on metal-based substrates that are susceptible to corrosion and lack flexibility. In response to these challenges, this paper has emerged with an alternative substrate for wearable electrodes due to its cost-effectiveness and scalability in manufacturing. Paper-based electrodes offer an attractive solution with their inherent properties of high breathability, flexibility, biocompatibility, and tunability. In this study, we introduce carbon nanotube-based paper composites (CPC) electrodes designed for the continuous detection of biopotential signals, such as electrooculography (EOG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electroencephalogram (EEG). To prevent direct skin contact with carbon nanotubes, we apply various packaging materials, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Eco-flex, polyimide (PI), and polyurethane (PU). We conduct a comparative analysis of their signal-to-noise ratios in comparison to conventional gel electrodes. Our system demonstrates real-time biopotential monitoring for continuous health tracking, utilizing CPC in conjunction with a portable data acquisition system. The collected data are analyzed to provide accurate heart rates, respiratory rates, and heart rate variability metrics. Additionally, we explore the feasibility using CPC for sleep monitoring by collecting EEG signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeb Ban
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA;
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.W.L.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Vigneshwar Sakthivelpathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.W.L.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jae-Hyun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.W.L.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.W.L.); (J.-H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gong T, Guo JX, Shao HQ, Jia J, Ke K, Bao RY, Yang W. Linear Strain Sensors via a Spatial Heteromodulus Tricontinuous Structure Design for High-Resolution Recording of Snoring Breath. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56337-56346. [PMID: 37975857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Porous conductive elastomer composites are very attractive for designing flexible and air-permeable mechanical sensors for healthcare, while it is challenging to achieve a linear and sensitive electromechanical response over a wide strain range for high-resolution recording of physiological activities and body motions. Here, a scalable strategy is developed to construct porous elastomer composites with a bamboo-shaped heteromodulus microstructure in the pores for the fabrication of linear stretchable strain sensors. Such a spatial heteromodulus microstructure is fabricated via phase separation and selective location of high-modulus phase during melt compounding of elastomers and thermoplastics, together with green etching of the water-soluble plastic in the tricontinuous elastomer composites. The bamboo-shaped heteromodulus microstructure is constructed on the pore struts via the fracture of a high-modulus polymer self-assembled on the pore surface and relaxation recovery of the elastomer matrix after prestretching, which blocks the propagation of cut-through microcracks upon stretching. The composites with super low resistance after in situ growth of silver nanoparticles sustain up to 110% tensile strain with a linear and sensitive electromechanical response, demonstrating potential applications in discriminating respiration status and monitoring snoring breath. This work unveils a new approach to fabricate high-performance air-permeable strain sensors in a simple and scalable way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Xing Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - He-Qing Shao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Wu M, Ma W, Zhou X, Chen J, Ren Q, Li S, Xiao P, Wang L, Zheng W. Development of Eco-Friendly and High-Strength Foam Sensors Based on Segregated Elastomer Composites with a Large Work Range and High Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38032835 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a high-strength piezoresistive foam with high sensitivity and a large workable range remains a major challenge. To realize these goals, we developed a facile, novel, and eco-friendly strategy for constructing segregated microcellular structures fabricated using coating, heat compression molding, and supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) foaming. The segregated poly(ether block amide) (PEBA)/carbon nanostructure (CNS) composites were fabricated via compression molding. This effectively improved the foamability and cell morphology of PEBA/CNS composites. Moreover, compared with the randomly distributed structure, the segregated structure also endowed the foams with better conductivity and sensing capability. Subsequently, the ScCO2 foaming was employed to fabricate segregated PEBA/CNS composite foams. The foaming gave composites a large compressibility and reduced their percolation threshold. Under 1 wt % CNS loading, via tuning the expansion ratio of foam from ∼2.1 to 4.1, the compression stress at 50% compression strain of foam varied from ∼3.3 to 0.5 MPa, and the conductivity changed from 4.89 × 10-3 to 1.93 × 10-6 s/m, implying a tunable conductivity. Additionally, the adjustable conductivity enabled the sensitivity of segregated composite foams to be regulated. The segregated PEBA/CNS foam (FCNS1-4.1) exhibited a good combination of high sensitivity (GF = 3.5), large work range (80% strain), and high compression strength (∼0.5 MPa at 50% strain) as well as a stable, reproducible, and durable sensing response under a low CNS content (∼0.11 vol %). Furthermore, the ΔI/I0 of FCNS1-4.1 (75.6% porosity) reached a high value of ∼810 and exhibited an ultrahigh sensitivity of ∼3706 (Δ I / I 0 ε ) from 60 to 80% strain. Moreover, the foam sensor could be used as a sensing function sole for monitoring diverse human motions. Therefore, the segregated PEBA/CNS composite foams with outstanding piezoresistive performances show promising potential applications in monitoring human motions as wearable electronics and provides a new design strategy for a new generation of foam sensors with high performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Li
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wenyu Ma
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Li
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Wang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen R, Luo T, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang C, Xie Y, Qin L, Yao H, Zhou W. Nonlinearity synergy: An elegant strategy for realizing high-sensitivity and wide-linear-range pressure sensing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6641. [PMID: 37863948 PMCID: PMC10589270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors are indispensable components in various applications such as intelligent robots and wearable devices, whereas developing flexible pressure sensors with both high sensitivity and wide linear range remains a great challenge. Here, we present an elegant strategy to address this challenge by taking advantage of a pyramidal carbon foam array as the sensing layer and an elastomer spacer as the stiffness regulator, realizing an unprecedentedly high sensitivity of 24.6 kPa-1 and an ultra-wide linear range of 1.4 MPa together. Such a wide range of linearity is attributed to the synergy between the nonlinear piezoresistivity of the sensing layer and the nonlinear elasticity of the stiffness regulator. The great application potential of our sensor in robotic manipulation, healthcare monitoring, and human-machine interface is demonstrated. Our design strategy can be extended to the other types of flexible sensors calling for both high sensitivity and wide-range linearity, facilitating the development of high-performance flexible pressure sensors for intelligent robotics and wearable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Renpeng Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lifeng Qin
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haimin Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Yu R, Yang X, Zhao X, Huang W. Self-Assembly of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on a Silicone Rubber Foam Skeleton for Durable Piezoresistive Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44248-44258. [PMID: 37672639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Conductive nanomaterial/flexible polymer composite foams are of great interest in the field of flexible and wearable piezoresistive pressure sensors. However, the existing composite foam sensors are faced with stability issues from conductive nanomaterials, which tends to decrease their long-term durability. Herein, we developed a solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly strategy, which could significantly improve the stability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on a silicone rubber foam skeleton. The process for self-assembly of MWCNTs was straightforward. Aqueous MWCNT dispersion droplets were first hierarchically enclosed in silicone rubber via water-in-oil (W/O) Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). Then, the high pressure generated by fast evaporation of the solvent from the droplets could break the thinnest pore walls to form interconnected pores. As a result, very dense and firm MWCNT layers were self-assembled on the pore wall surface. Due to the excellent stability of MWCNTs and tetramodal interconnected porosity, our MWCNTs/silicone rubber composite foam showed the following "super" properties: low density of 0.26 g/mL, high porosity of 76%, and excellent mechanical strength (the maximum stress loss of 8.3% at 80% strain after 100 compression cycles). In addition, excellent piezoresistive performance, including superior discernibility for different amplitudes of compressive strain (up to 80%), rapid response time (150 ms), and high sensitivity (gauge factor of 1.44), was demonstrated for such foams, together with prominent durability (39,000 compression cycles at 60% strain in air) and excellent stability of resistance response in water and organic solvents (5000 compression cycles at 30% strain in water and ethanol). Regarding its application, a wearable piezoresistive sensor, which was assembled from the as-prepared conductive silicone rubber composite foam, could capture various movements from tiptoeing and finger bending to small deformations resulting from human pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiao F, Jin S, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Huang Y. Wearable Pressure Sensor Using Porous Natural Polymer Hydrogel Elastomers with High Sensitivity over a Wide Sensing Range. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2736. [PMID: 37376381 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable pressure sensors capable of quantifying full-range human dynamic motionare are pivotal in wearable electronics and human activity monitoring. Since wearable pressure sensors directly or indirectly contact skin, selecting flexible soft and skin-friendly materials is important. Wearable pressure sensors with natural polymer-based hydrogels are extensively explored to enable safe contact with skin. Despite recent advances, most natural polymer-based hydrogel sensors suffer from low sensitivity at high-pressure ranges. Here, by using commercially available rosin particles as sacrificial templates, a cost-effective wide-range porous locust bean gum-based hydrogel pressure sensor is constructed. Due to the three-dimensional macroporous structure of the hydrogel, the constructed sensor exhibits high sensitivities (12.7, 5.0, and 3.2 kPa-1 under 0.1-20, 20-50, and 50-100 kPa) under a wide range of pressure. The sensor also offers a fast response time (263 ms) and good durability over 500 loading/unloading cycles. In addition, the sensor is successfully applied for monitoring human dynamic motion. This work provides a low-cost and easy fabrication strategy for fabricating high-performance natural polymer-based hydrogel piezoresistive sensors with a wide response range and high sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shunyu Jin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao X, Zhao S, Zhang X, Su Z. Recent progress in flexible pressure sensors based on multiple microstructures: from design to application. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5111-5138. [PMID: 36852534 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) have been widely studied in the fields of wearable medical monitoring and human-machine interaction due to their high flexibility, light weight, sensitivity, and easy integration. To better meet these application requirements, key sensing properties such as sensitivity, linear sensing range, pressure detection limits, response/recovery time, and durability need to be effectively improved. Therefore, researchers have extensively and profoundly researched and innovated on the structure of sensors, and various microstructures have been designed and applied to effectively improve the sensing performance of sensors. Compared with single microstructures, multiple microstructures (MMSs) (including hierarchical, multi-layered and hybrid microstructures) can improve the sensing performance of sensors to a greater extent. This paper reviews the recent research progress in the design and application of FPSs with MMSs and systematically summarizes the types, sensing mechanisms, and preparation methods of MMSs. In addition, we summarize the applications of FPSs with MMSs in the fields of human motion detection, health monitoring, and human-computer interaction. Finally, we provide an outlook on the prospects and challenges for the development of FPSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Shujing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen X, Zhang D, Luan H, Yang C, Yan W, Liu W. Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on Molybdenum Disulfide/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Polyurethane Sponge for Motion Detection and Speech Recognition Using Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2043-2053. [PMID: 36571453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors with excellent performance have broad application potential in wearable devices, motion monitoring, and human-computer interaction. In this paper, a flexible pressure sensor with a porous structure is proposed by coating molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) on a polyurethane (PU) sponge skeleton. The obtained sensor has excellent sensitivity (0.746 kPa-1), a wide detection range (250 kPa), fast response (120 ms), and outstanding repeatability over 2000 cycles. It is proven that the sensor can realize human motion detection and distinguish the touch of varying strength. In addition, a pressure sensing array was fabricated to reflect the pressure distribution and recognize the writing of Arabic numerals. Finally, the sensor performs speech detection through throat muscle movements, and high-accuracy (97.14%) speech recognition for seven words was achieved by a machine learning algorithm based on the support vector machine (SVM). This work provides an opportunity to fabricate simple flexible pressure sensors with potential applications in next-generation electronic skin, health detection, and intelligent robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Huixin Luan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Weiyu Yan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ban S, Lee YJ, Kim KR, Kim JH, Yeo WH. Advances in Materials, Sensors, and Integrated Systems for Monitoring Eye Movements. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1039. [PMID: 36421157 PMCID: PMC9688058 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eye movements show primary responses that reflect humans' voluntary intention and conscious selection. Because visual perception is one of the fundamental sensory interactions in the brain, eye movements contain critical information regarding physical/psychological health, perception, intention, and preference. With the advancement of wearable device technologies, the performance of monitoring eye tracking has been significantly improved. It also has led to myriad applications for assisting and augmenting human activities. Among them, electrooculograms, measured by skin-mounted electrodes, have been widely used to track eye motions accurately. In addition, eye trackers that detect reflected optical signals offer alternative ways without using wearable sensors. This paper outlines a systematic summary of the latest research on various materials, sensors, and integrated systems for monitoring eye movements and enabling human-machine interfaces. Specifically, we summarize recent developments in soft materials, biocompatible materials, manufacturing methods, sensor functions, systems' performances, and their applications in eye tracking. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and suggest research directions for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeb Ban
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ka Ram Kim
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Turco A, Monteduro AG, Montagna F, Primiceri E, Frigione M, Maruccio G. The effect of synthetic conditions on piezoresistive properties of ultrasensitive carbon nanotube/PDMS 3D composites. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Lee G, Zarei M, Wei Q, Zhu Y, Lee SG. Surface Wrinkling for Flexible and Stretchable Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203491. [PMID: 36047645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanolithography, miniaturization, and material science, along with developments in wearable electronics, are pushing the frontiers of sensor technology into the large-scale fabrication of highly sensitive, flexible, stretchable, and multimodal detection systems. Various strategies, including surface engineering, have been developed to control the electrical and mechanical characteristics of sensors. In particular, surface wrinkling provides an effective alternative for improving both the sensing performance and mechanical deformability of flexible and stretchable sensors by releasing interfacial stress, preventing electrical failure, and enlarging surface areas. In this study, recent developments in the fabrication strategies of wrinkling structures for sensor applications are discussed. The fundamental mechanics, geometry control strategies, and various fabricating methods for wrinkling patterns are summarized. Furthermore, the current state of wrinkling approaches and their impacts on the development of various types of sensors, including strain, pressure, temperature, chemical, photodetectors, and multimodal sensors, are reviewed. Finally, existing wrinkling approaches, designs, and sensing strategies are extrapolated into future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, South Korea
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fei Y, Jiang R, Fang W, Liu T, Saeb MR, Hejna A, Ehsani M, Barczewski M, Sajadi SM, Chen F, Kuang T. Highly sensitive large strain cellulose/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposite foams: From design to performance evaluation. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Yu B, Luo Y, Li J, Ye H, Li KH. Interface Engineering in Chip-Scale GaN Optical Devices for Near-Hysteresis-Free Hydraulic Pressure Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38351-38357. [PMID: 35951558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a compact, near-hysteresis-free hydraulic pressure sensor is presented through interface engineering in a GaN chip-scale optical device. The sensor consists of a monolithic GaN-on-sapphire device responsible for light emission and detection and a multilevel microstructured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film prepared through a low-cost molding process using sandpaper as a template. The micro-patterned PDMS film functions as a pressure-sensing medium to effectively modulate the reflectance properties at the sapphire interface during pressure loading and unloading. The interface engineering endows the GaN optical device with near-hysteresis-free performance over a wide pressure range of up to 0-800 kPa. Verified by a series of experimental measurements on its dynamic responses, the tiny hydraulic sensor exhibits superior performance in hysteresis, stability, repeatability, and response time, indicating its considerable potential for a broad range of practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binlu Yu
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yumeng Luo
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huaiyu Ye
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kwai Hei Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li J, Li N, Zheng Y, Lou D, Jiang Y, Jiang J, Xu Q, Yang J, Sun Y, Pan C, Wang J, Peng Z, Zheng Z, Liu W. Interfacially Locked Metal Aerogel Inside Porous Polymer Composite for Sensitive and Durable Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201912. [PMID: 35748166 PMCID: PMC9376829 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors play significant roles in wearable devices, electronic skins, and human-machine interface (HMI). However, it remains challenging to develop flexible piezoresistive sensors with outstanding comprehensive performances, especially with excellent long-term durability. Herein, a facile "interfacial locking strategy" has been developed to fabricate metal aerogel-based pressure sensors with excellent sensitivity and prominent stability. The strategy broke the bottleneck of the intrinsically poor mechanical properties of metal aerogels by grafting them on highly elastic melamine sponge with the help of a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer as the interface-reinforcing media. The hierarchically porous conductive structure of the ensemble offered the as-prepared flexible piezoresistive sensor with a sensitivity as high as 12 kPa-1 , a response time as fast as 85 ms, and a prominent durability over 23 000 compression cycles. The excellent comprehensive performance enables the successful application of the flexible piezoresistive sensor as two-dimensional (2D) array device as well as three-dimensional (3D) force-detecting device for real-time monitoring of HMI activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Dongyang Lou
- The Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Jiang
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and MaterialsApplied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Qunhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Yujing Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Chuxuan Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Jianlan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of chemistrySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Low‐Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oh D, Seo J, Kim HG, Ryu C, Bang SW, Park S, Kim HJ. Multi-height micropyramids based pressure sensor with tunable sensing properties for robotics and step tracking applications. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-022-00149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPrecise sensing of pressure is essential for various mechanical and electrical systems. The recent emergence of flexible pressure sensors has enabled novel applications, such as human–machine interfaces, soft robotics, and wearable devices. Specifically, the piezoresistive sensing scheme is widely adapted for flexible pressure sensors as it is simple and exhibits outstanding measurement sensitivity and stability. The sensing properties of piezoresistive pressure sensors mainly depends on the materials and contact morphologies at the interface. This paper proposes a flexible pressure sensor based on multi-height microstructures in which the measurement sensitivity and detection range are tunable. Such tunability is due to the sequential contact of micropyramids with different heights. The multi-height micropyramid structured PDMS layer with stamp-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) acts as a conductive active layer and a gold interdigitated electrode (IDE) patterned polyimide (PI) layer works as the bottom electrode. The fabricated sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.19 kPa−1, a fast response speed of 20 ms, and a detection range of up to 100 kPa. The sensor is applied to a robotic gripper for object recognition and integrated into a shoe to track walking motions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang X, Li H, Wang T, Niu X, Wang Y, Xu S, Jiang Y, Chen L, Liu H. Flexible and high-performance piezoresistive strain sensors based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes@polyurethane foam. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14190-14196. [PMID: 35558828 PMCID: PMC9092363 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible wearable pressure sensors have attracted special attention in the last 10 years due to their great potential in health monitoring, activity detection and as electronic skin. However, it is still a great challenge to develop high sensitivity, fast response, and good reliable stability through a simple and reproducible large-scale fabrication process. Here, we develop a simple and efficient method to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) light-weight piezoresistive sensing materials by coating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the surface of polyurethane (PU) foam using a dip-spin coating process. The PU foam prepared with SEBS-g-MAH and polyether polyols has high elasticity and good stability in MWCNTs/DMF solution. Subsequently, a piezoresistive sensor was assembled with the prepared MWCNTs/PU composite foam and copper foil electrodes. The assembled pressure sensor has high sensitivity (62.37 kPa−1), a wide working range (0–172.6 kPa, 80% strain), a fast response time (less than 0.6 s), and reliable repeatability (≥2000 cycles). It has shown potential application in real-time human motion detection (e.g., arm bending, knee bending), and monitoring the brightness of LED lights. A 3D light-weight piezoresistive sensor with high sensitivity, wide working range, fast response time, and reliable repeatability was developed and can be applied to real-time human motion detection and monitoring the brightness of LED lights.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China .,Aerospace Life-supports Industries Ltd Xiangyang 441003 China.,Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Life-support Technology Xiangyang 441003 China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Tanyu Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Xin Niu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Siyi Xu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Yaming Jiang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China .,Institute of Smart Wearable Electronic Textiles, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials of Ministry of Education, Tiangong University China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nie B, Liu S, Qu Q, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Liu J. Bio-inspired flexible electronics for smart E-skin. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:280-295. [PMID: 34157454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
"Learning from nature" provides endless inspiration for scientists to invent new materials and devices. Here, we review state-of-the-art technologies in flexible electronics, with a focus on bio-inspired smart skins. This review focuses on the development of E-skin for sensing a variety of parameters such as mechanical loads, temperature, light, and biochemical cues, with a trend of increased integration of multiple functions. It highlights the most recent advances in flexible electronics inspired by animals such as chameleons, squids, and octopi whose bodies have remarkable camouflage, mimicry, or self-healing attributes. Implantable devices, being overlapped with smart E-skin in a broad sense, are included in this review. This review outlines the remaining challenges in flexible electronics and the prospects for future development for biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This article reviews the state-of-the-art technologies of bio-inspired smart electronic skin (E-skin) developed in a "learning-mimicking-creating" (LMC) cycle. We emphasize the most recent innovations in the development of E-skin for sensing physical changes and biochemical cues, and for integrating multiple sensing modalities. We discuss the achievements in implantable materials, wireless communication, and device design pertaining to implantable flexible electronics. This review will provide prospective insights integrating material, electronics, and mechanical engineering viewpoints to foster new ideas for next-generation smart E-skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Nie
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Sidi Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qing Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mengying Zhao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yuan H, Li Y, Yang J, Li H, Yang Q, Guo C, Zhu S, Shu X. State of the Art of Non-Invasive Electrode Materials for Brain-Computer Interface. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1521. [PMID: 34945371 PMCID: PMC8705666 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The brain-computer interface (BCI) has emerged in recent years and has attracted great attention. As an indispensable part of the BCI signal acquisition system, brain electrodes have a great influence on the quality of the signal, which determines the final effect. Due to the special usage scenario of brain electrodes, some specific properties are required for them. In this study, we review the development of three major types of EEG electrodes from the perspective of material selection and structural design, including dry electrodes, wet electrodes, and semi-dry electrodes. Additionally, we provide a reference for the current chaotic performance evaluation of EEG electrodes in some aspects such as electrochemical performance, stability, and so on. Moreover, the challenges and future expectations for EEG electrodes are analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.Y.); (J.Y.); (H.L.); (Q.Y.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.Y.); (J.Y.); (H.L.); (Q.Y.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Junjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.Y.); (J.Y.); (H.L.); (Q.Y.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hongjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.Y.); (J.Y.); (H.L.); (Q.Y.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Qinya Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.Y.); (J.Y.); (H.L.); (Q.Y.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Cuiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.Y.); (J.Y.); (H.L.); (Q.Y.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shenmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.Y.); (J.Y.); (H.L.); (Q.Y.); (C.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiaokang Shu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim J, Jung H, Kim M, Bae H, Lee Y. Conductive Polymer Composites for Soft Tactile Sensors. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Piezoresistive behavior of elastomer composites with segregated network of carbon nanostructures and alumina. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Niu H, Zhang H, Yue W, Gao S, Kan H, Zhang C, Zhang C, Pang J, Lou Z, Wang L, Li Y, Liu H, Shen G. Micro-Nano Processing of Active Layers in Flexible Tactile Sensors via Template Methods: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100804. [PMID: 34240560 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Template methods are regarded as an important method for micro-nano processing in the active layer of flexible tactile sensors. These template methods use physical/chemical processes to introduce micro-nano structures on the active layer, which improves many properties including sensitivity, response/recovery time, and detection limit. However, since the processing process and applicable conditions of the template method have not yet formed a perfect system, the development and commercialization of flexible tactile sensors based on the template method are still at a relatively slow stage. Despite the above obstacles, advances in microelectronics, materials science, nanoscience, and other disciplines have laid the foundation for various template methods, enabling the continuous development of flexible tactile sensors. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic review of flexible tactile sensors based on the template method is needed to further promote progress in this field. Here, the unique advantages and shortcomings of various template methods are summarized in detail and discuss the research progress and challenges in this field. It is believed that this review will have a significant impact on many fields of flexible electronics, which is beneficial to promote the cross-integration of multiple fields and accelerate the development of flexible electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Niu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Wenjing Yue
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hao Kan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Chunwei Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jinbo Pang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Zheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ji B, Zhou Q, Lei M, Ding S, Song Q, Gao Y, Li S, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Zhou B. Gradient Architecture-Enabled Capacitive Tactile Sensor with High Sensitivity and Ultrabroad Linearity Range. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103312. [PMID: 34585504 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity and linearity are critical parameters that can preserve the high pressure-resolution across a wide range and simplify the signal processing process of flexible tactile sensors. Although extensive micro-structured dielectrics have been explored to improve the sensitivity of capacitive sensors, the attenuation of sensitivity with increasing pressure is yet to be fully resolved. Herein, a novel dielectric layer based on the gradient micro-dome architecture (GDA) is presented to simultaneously realize the high sensitivity and ultrabroad linearity range of capacitive sensors. The gradient micro-dome pixels with rationally collocated amount and height can effectively regulate the contact area and hence enable the linear variation in effective dielectric constant of the GDA dielectric layer under varying pressures. With systematical optimization, the sensor exhibits the high sensitivity of 0.065 kPa-1 in an ultrabroad linearity range up to 1700 kPa, which is first reported. Based on the excellent sensitivity and linearity, the high pressure-resolution can be preserved across the full scale of pressure spectrum. Therefore, potential applications such as all-round physiological signal detection in diverse scenarios, control instruction transmission with combinatorial force inputs, and convenient Morse code communication with non-overlapping capacitance signals are successfully demonstrated through a single sensor device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ji
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Sen Ding
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Qi Song
- Shenzhen Shineway Technology Corporation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Shenzhen Shineway Technology Corporation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Shunbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems Ministry of Education & Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems Ministry of Education & Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yinning Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nanoarchitectonics of highly sensitive and with large working range 3D piezoresistive microporous foam based on carbon nanotubes and elastomer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1436-1445. [PMID: 34583046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Nanocarbon/polymeric 3D porous composites have been widely developed as piezoresistive sensors due to their improved performances. Functionalized nanocarbon is usually used to allow its adsorption on the surface of porous polymeric material. However, both the functionalization and the surface localized distribution of the nanomaterial can limit the nanocarbon effect on conductivity and mechanical stability of the material thus affecting piezoresistive performances. EXPERIMENTS A novel nanoarchitectonics strategy to prepare an elastomeric/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 3D porous piezoresistive nanocomposite is developed. The fabrication route does not require complex apparatus and CNTs chemical functionalization. Moreover, foams of any shape and dimensions can be produced with neither complex machinery and procedures nor wastes production. FINDINGS The obtained material is characterized by the presence of well dispersed pristine CNTs on both surface and bulk of the polymeric matrix. The foam exhibited improved piezoresistive properties with excellent compressive stress (>150 kPa), sensitivity at low displacement (29 kPa-1) and limit of detection for both pressure (2 Pa) and extension (130 nm). These excellent features could allow the use of the as prepared nanocomposite in different applications ranging from wearable devices to robotic or infrastructure monitoring with outstanding flexibility.
Collapse
|
27
|
Liang Z, Zhang H, Huang R, Xu T, Fong H. Superhydrophobic and elastic 3D conductive sponge made from electrospun nanofibers and reduced graphene oxide for sweatproof wearable tactile pressure sensor. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
28
|
Chao M, He L, Gong M, Li N, Li X, Peng L, Shi F, Zhang L, Wan P. Breathable Ti 3C 2T x MXene/Protein Nanocomposites for Ultrasensitive Medical Pressure Sensor with Degradability in Solvents. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9746-9758. [PMID: 34080827 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible, breathable, and degradable pressure sensors with excellent sensing performance are drawing tremendous attention for various practical applications in wearable artificial skins, healthcare monitoring, and artificial intelligence due to their flexibility, breathability, lightweight, decreased electronic rubbish, and environmentally friendly impact. However, traditional plastic or elastomer substrates with impermeability, uncomfortableness, mechanical mismatches, and nondegradability greatly restricted their practical applications. Therefore, the fabrication of such pressure sensors with high flexibility, facile degradability, and breathability is still a critical challenge and highly desired. Herein, we present a wearable, breathable, degradable, and highly sensitive MXene/protein nanocomposites-based pressure sensor. The fabricated MXene/protein-based pressure sensor is assembled from a breathable conductive MXene coated silk fibroin nanofiber (MXene-SF) membrane and a silk fibroin nanofiber membrane patterned with a MXene ink-printed (MXene ink-SF) interdigitated electrode, which can serve as the sensing layer and the electrode layer, respectively. The assembled pressure sensor exhibits a wide sensing range (up to 39.3 kPa), high sensitivity (298.4 kPa-1 for 1.4-15.7 kPa; 171.9 kPa-1 for 15.7-39.3 kPa), fast response/recovery time (7/16 ms), reliable breathability, excellent cycling stability over 10 000 cycles, good biocompatibility, and robust degradability. Furthermore, it shows great sensing performance in monitoring human psychological signals, acting as an artificial skin for the quantitative illustration of pressure distribution, and wireless biomonitoring in real time. Considering the biodegradable and breathable features, the sensor may become promising to find potential applications in smart electronic skins, human motion detection, disease diagnosis, and human-machine interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Chao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingzhang He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Gong
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Na Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longfei Peng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li X, Cao J, Li H, Yu P, Fan Y, Xiao Y, Yin Y, Zhao X, Wang ZL, Zhu G. Differentiation of Multiple Mechanical Stimuli by a Flexible Sensor Using a Dual-Interdigital-Electrode Layout for Bodily Kinesthetic Identification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26394-26403. [PMID: 34032400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human bodily kinesthetic sensing is generally complicated and ever-changing due to the diversity of body deformation as well as the complexity of mechanical stimulus, which is different from the unidirectional mechanical motion. So, there exists a huge challenge for current flexible sensors to accurately differentiate and identify what kind of external mechanical stimulus is exerted via analyzing digital signals. Here, we report a flexible dual-interdigital-electrode sensor (FDES) that consists of two interdigital electrodes and a highly pressure-sensitive porous conductive sponge. The FDES can precisely identify multiple mechanical stimuli, e.g., pressing, positive bending, negative bending, X-direction stretching, and Y-direction stretching, and convert them into corresponding current variation signals. Moreover, the FDES exhibits other exceptional properties, such as high sensitivity, stretchability, large measurement range, and outstanding stability, accompanied by simple structural design and low-cost processing simultaneously. Additionally, our FDES successfully identifies various complex activities of the human body, which lays a foundation for the further development of multimode flexible sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinwei Cao
- New Materials Institute, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Huayang Li
- New Materials Institute, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Pengtao Yu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Youjun Fan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchuan Xiao
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No.11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yiming Yin
- New Materials Institute, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Guang Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- New Materials Institute, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Amirkhosravi M, Yue L, Ju T, Manas-Zloczower I. Designing thermal annealing to control mechanical performance of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
31
|
Zhao P, Zhang R, Tong Y, Zhao X, Zhang T, Tang Q, Liu Y. Strain-Discriminable Pressure/Proximity Sensing of Transparent Stretchable Electronic Skin Based on PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55083-55093. [PMID: 33232130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pressure/proximity sensing as the essential function of electronic skin (e-skin) has become an emerging technological goal for new-generation electronic devices in a wide variety of application fields, for example, smart electronics, human-machine interaction, and prosthetics. However, the current research lacks pressure/proximity detection of the stretched e-skin, which ignores the key elastic characteristic of skin and hinders the development of e-skin. Here, the pressure/proximity detection of the transparent e-skin in the stretching state is demonstrated based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The high transparency of the e-skin realizes the visual imperception for wearable electronic systems. The perfect combination of stretchable SWCNT and highly conductive PEDOT:PSS endows the sensors with high stretchability and high discrimination capability toward strain, providing an effective way to overcome the interference of strain to realize accurate pressure/proximity detection of stretched e-skin at different strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ruimin Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Yao J, Qiang W, Wei H, Xu Y, Wang B, Zheng Y, Wang X, Miao Z, Wang L, Wang S, Yang X. Ultrathin and Robust Micro-Nano Composite Coating for Implantable Pressure Sensor Encapsulation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23129-23139. [PMID: 32954163 PMCID: PMC7495720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Implantable pressure sensors enable more accurate disease diagnosis and real-time monitoring. Their widescale usage is dependent on a reliable encapsulation to protect them from corrosion of body fluids, yet not increasing their sizes or impairing their sensing functions during their lifespans. To realize the above requirements, an ultrathin, flexible, waterproof while robust micro-nano composite coating for encapsulation of an implantable pressure sensor is designed. The composite coating is composed of a nanolayer of silane-coupled molecules and a microlayer of parylene polymers. The mechanism and principle of the composite encapsulation coating with high adhesion are elucidated. Experimental results show that the error of the sensors after encapsulation is less than 2 mmHg, after working continuously for equivalently over 434 days in a simulated body fluid environment. The effects of the coating thickness on the waterproof time and the error of the sensor are also studied. The encapsulated sensor is implanted in an isolated porcine eye and a living rabbit eye, exhibiting excellent performances. Therefore, the micro-nano composite encapsulation coating would have an appealing application in micro-nano-device protections, especially for implantable biomedical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Yao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjiang Qiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wei
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- School
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yushuang Zheng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xizi Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zequn Miao
- Center
of Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lejin Wang
- Center
of Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xing Yang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,
Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic
of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao S, Ran W, Wang D, Yin R, Yan Y, Jiang K, Lou Z, Shen G. 3D Dielectric Layer Enabled Highly Sensitive Capacitive Pressure Sensors for Wearable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32023-32030. [PMID: 32564591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible capacitance sensors play a key role in wearable devices, soft robots, and the Internet of things (IoT). To realize these feasible applications, subtle pressure detection under various conditions is required, and it is often limited by low sensitivity. Herein, we demonstrate a capacitive touch sensor with excellent sensing capabilities enabled by a three-dimensional (3D) network dielectric layer, combining a natural viscoelastic property material of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers wrapped with electrically conductive materials of Ag nanowires (AgNWs). Taking advantage of the large deformation and the increase of effective permittivity under the action of compression force, the device has the characteristics of high sensitivity, fast response time, and low detection limit. The enhanced sensing mechanism of the 3D structures and the conductive filler have been discussed in detail. These superior functions enable us to monitor a variety of subtle pressure changes (pulse, airflow, and Morse code). By detecting the pressure of fingers, a smart piano glove integrated with 10 circuits of finger joints is made, which realizes the real-time performance of the piano and provides the possibility for the application of intelligent wearable electronic products such as virtual reality and human-machine interface in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhao Ran
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Depeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongxu Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute & Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|