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Chen Y, Chou TC, Fang CH, Lu CY, Hsiao CN, Hsu WT, Chen CC. Direct observation of single-atom defects in monolayer two-dimensional materials by using electron ptychography at 200 kV acceleration voltage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:277. [PMID: 38167628 PMCID: PMC10761697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron ptychography has emerged as a popular technology for high-resolution imaging by combining the high coherence of electron sources with the ultra-fast scanning electron coil. However, the limitations of conventional pixelated detectors, including poor dynamic range and slow data readout speeds, have posed restrictions in the past on conducting electron ptychography experiments. We used the Gatan STELA pixelated detector to capture sequential diffraction data of monolayer two-dimensional (2D) materials for ptychographic reconstruction. By using the pixelated detector and electron ptychography, we demonstrate the observation of the radiation damage at atomic resolution in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Chou
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsing Fang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Lu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Nan Hsiao
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, 300092, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.
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Gavhane D, Sontakke AD, van Huis MA. Thermolysis-Driven Growth of Vanadium Oxide Nanostructures Revealed by In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy: Implications for Battery Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:7280-7289. [PMID: 37205293 PMCID: PMC10186331 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the growth modes of 2D transition-metal oxides through direct observation is of vital importance to tailor these materials to desired structures. Here, we demonstrate thermolysis-driven growth of 2D V2O5 nanostructures via in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various growth stages in the formation of 2D V2O5 nanostructures through thermal decomposition of a single solid-state NH4VO3 precursor are unveiled during the in situ TEM heating. Growth of orthorhombic V2O5 2D nanosheets and 1D nanobelts is observed in real time. The associated temperature ranges in thermolysis-driven growth of V2O5 nanostructures are optimized through in situ and ex situ heating. Also, the phase transformation of V2O5 to VO2 was revealed in real time by in situ TEM heating. The in situ thermolysis results were reproduced using ex situ heating, which offers opportunities for upscaling the growth of vanadium oxide-based materials. Our findings offer effective, general, and simple pathways to produce versatile 2D V2O5 nanostructures for a range of battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar
S. Gavhane
- Soft
Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Atul D. Sontakke
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A. van Huis
- Soft
Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
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3
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Boebinger MG, Brea C, Ding LP, Misra S, Olunloyo O, Yu Y, Xiao K, Lupini AR, Ding F, Hu G, Ganesh P, Jesse S, Unocic RR. The Atomic Drill Bit: Precision Controlled Atomic Fabrication of 2D Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210116. [PMID: 36635517 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability to deterministically fabricate nanoscale architectures with atomic precision is the central goal of nanotechnology, whereby highly localized changes in the atomic structure can be exploited to control device properties at their fundamental physical limit. Here, an automated, feedback-controlled atomic fabrication method is reported and the formation of 1D-2D heterostructures in MoS2 is demonstrated through selective transformations along specific crystallographic orientations. The atomic-scale probe of an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is used, and the shape and symmetry of the scan pathway relative to the sample orientation are controlled. The focused and shaped electron beam is used to reliably create Mo6 S6 nanowire (MoS-NW) terminated metallic-semiconductor 1D-2D edge structures within a pristine MoS2 monolayer with atomic precision. From these results, it is found that a triangular beam path aligned along the zig-zag sulfur terminated (ZZS) direction forms stable MoS-NW edge structures with the highest degree of fidelity without resulting in disordering of the surrounding MoS2 monolayer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations (AIMD) are used to calculate the energetic barriers for the most stable atomic edge structures and atomic transformation pathways. These discoveries provide an automated method to improve understanding of atomic-scale transformations while opening a pathway toward more precise atomic-scale engineering of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Boebinger
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Courtney Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
| | - Li-Ping Ding
- Department of Physics, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sudhajit Misra
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Olugbenga Olunloyo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, 1408 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yiling Yu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Andrew R Lupini
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Guoxiang Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Stephen Jesse
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Raymond R Unocic
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
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Tseng YT, Lu LS, Shen FC, Wang CH, Sung HY, Chang WH, Wu WW. In Situ Atomic-Scale Observation of Monolayer MoS 2 Devices under High-Voltage Biasing via Transmission Electron Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106411. [PMID: 34995002 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D materials have great potential for not only device scaling but also various applications. To prompt the development of 2D electronics and optoelectronics, a better understanding of the limitation of materials is essential. Material failure caused by bias can lead to variations in device behavior and even electrical breakdown. In this study, the structural evolution of monolayer MoS2 with high bias is revealed via in situ transmission electron microscopy at the atomic scale. The biasing process is recorded and studied with the aid of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. The effects of electron beam irradiation and biasing are also discussed through the combination of experiments and theory. It is found that the Mo nanoclusters result from disintegration of MoS2 and sulfur depletion, which are induced by Joule heating. The thermal stress can also damage the MoS2 layer and form long cracks in both in situ and ex situ biasing cases. Investigation of the results obtained with different applied voltages helps to further verify the mechanism of evolution and provide a comprehensive study of the function of biasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tang Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Li-Syuan Lu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chun Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ya Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nangang Dist., Taipei City, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
- Center for the Intelligent Semiconductor Nano-system Technology Research, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
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Mukundan A, Tsao YM, Artemkina SB, Fedorov VE, Wang HC. Growth Mechanism of Periodic-Structured MoS 2 by Transmission Electron Microscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:135. [PMID: 35010085 PMCID: PMC8796029 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was grown on a laser-processed periodic-hole sapphire substrate through chemical vapor deposition. The main purpose was to investigate the mechanism of MoS2 growth in substrate with a periodic structure. By controlling the amount and position of the precursor, adjusting the growth temperature and time, and setting the flow rate of argon gas, MoS2 grew in the region of the periodic holes. A series of various growth layer analyses of MoS2 were then confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Finally, the growth mechanism was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results show that in the appropriate environment, MoS2 can be successfully grown on substrate with periodic holes, and the number of growth layers can be determined through measurements. By observing the growth mechanism, composition analysis, and selected area electron diffraction diagram by TEM, we comprehensively understand the growth phenomenon. The results of this research can serve as a reference for the large-scale periodic growth of MoS2. The production of periodic structures by laser drilling is advantageous, as it is relatively simpler than other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Mukundan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan; (A.M.); (Y.-M.T.)
| | - Yu-Ming Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan; (A.M.); (Y.-M.T.)
| | - Sofya B. Artemkina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.B.A.); (V.E.F.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir E. Fedorov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.B.A.); (V.E.F.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan; (A.M.); (Y.-M.T.)
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Ta HQ, Mendes RG, Liu Y, Yang X, Luo J, Bachmatiuk A, Gemming T, Zeng M, Fu L, Liu L, Rümmeli MH. In Situ Fabrication of Freestanding Single-Atom-Thick 2D Metal/Metallene and 2D Metal/ Metallene Oxide Membranes: Recent Developments. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100619. [PMID: 34459155 PMCID: PMC8529443 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted a lot of research interest as they exhibit several fascinating properties. However, outside of 2D materials derived from van der Waals layered bulk materials only a few other such materials are realized, and it remains difficult to confirm their 2D freestanding structure. Despite that, many metals are predicted to exist as 2D systems. In this review, the authors summarize the recent progress made in the synthesis and characterization of these 2D metals, so called metallenes, and their oxide forms, metallene oxides as free standing 2D structures formed in situ through the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) to synthesize these materials. Two primary approaches for forming freestanding monoatomic metallic membranes are identified. In the first, graphene pores as a means to suspend the metallene or metallene oxide and in the second, electron-beam sputtering for the selective etching of metal alloys or thick complex initial materials is employed to obtain freestanding single-atom-thick 2D metal. The data show a growing number of 2D metals/metallenes and 2D metal/ metallene oxides having been confirmed and point to a bright future for further discoveries of these 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Q. Ta
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsCollege of EnergyCollaborative Innovation Center of SuzhouNano Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon MaterialsWearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Institute for Complex MaterialsIFW DresdenP.O. Box D‐01171DresdenGermany
| | - Rafael G. Mendes
- Institute for Complex MaterialsIFW DresdenP.O. Box D‐01171DresdenGermany
| | - Yu Liu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsCollege of EnergyCollaborative Innovation Center of SuzhouNano Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon MaterialsWearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsCollege of EnergyCollaborative Innovation Center of SuzhouNano Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon MaterialsWearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 28, Xianning West RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Jingping Luo
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 28, Xianning West RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Alicja Bachmatiuk
- Material Science & Engineering CenterŁukasiewicz Research Network – PORT Polish Center for Technology DevelopmentUl. Stabłowicka 147Wrocław54‐066Poland
| | - Thomas Gemming
- Institute for Complex MaterialsIFW DresdenP.O. Box D‐01171DresdenGermany
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Lijun Liu
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityNo. 28, Xianning West RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Mark H. Rümmeli
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsCollege of EnergyCollaborative Innovation Center of SuzhouNano Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon MaterialsWearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
- Institute for Complex MaterialsIFW DresdenP.O. Box D‐01171DresdenGermany
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon MaterialsPolish Academy of SciencesM. Curie‐Sklodowskiej 34Zabrze41‐819Poland
- Center for Energy and Environmental TechnologiesVSB‐Technical University of Ostrava17. Listopadu 15Ostrava708 33Czech Republic
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Tan S. Transmission Electron Microscopy: Applications in Nanotechnology. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2020.3037432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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