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Ciura K, Moschini E, Stępnik M, Serchi T, Gutleb A, Jarzyńska K, Jagiello K, Puzyn T. Toward Nano-Specific In Silico NAMs: How to Adjust Nano-QSAR to the Recent Advancements of Nanotoxicology? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305581. [PMID: 37775952 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) causes humans to become increasingly exposed to them. Therefore, a better understanding of the health impact of ENMs is highly demanded. Considering the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) principle, in vitro and computational methods are excellent alternatives for testing on animals. Among computational methods, nano-quantitative structure-activity relationship (nano-QSAR), which links the physicochemical and structural properties of EMNs with biological activities, is one of the leading method. The nature of toxicological experiments has evolved over the last decades; currently, one experiment can provide thousands of measurements of the organism's functioning at the molecular level. At the same time, the capacity of the in vitro systems to mimic the human organism is also improving significantly. Hence, the authors would like to discuss whether the nano-QSAR approach follows modern toxicological studies and takes full advantage of the opportunities offered by modern toxicological platforms. Challenges and possibilities for improving data integration are underlined narratively, including the need for a consensus built between the in vitro and the QSAR domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzesimir Ciura
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, Gdańsk, 80-416, Poland
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Trzy Lipy 3 St., Gdańsk, 80-172, Poland
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, 4362, Luxembourg
| | | | - Tommaso Serchi
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Arno Gutleb
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch/Alzette, 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Kamila Jarzyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Karolina Jagiello
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Trzy Lipy 3 St., Gdańsk, 80-172, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Trzy Lipy 3 St., Gdańsk, 80-172, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
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2
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Wang H, Xu T, Yin D. Emerging trends in the methodology of environmental toxicology: 3D cell culture and its applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159501. [PMID: 36265616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human diseases and health concerns caused by environmental pollutants are globally emerging. Therefore, rapid and efficient evaluation of the effects of environmental pollutants on human health is essential. Due to the significant differences between humans and animals and the lack of physiologically related environments, animal models and two-dimensional (2D) culture cannot accurately describe toxicological effects and predict actual in vivo responses. To make up for the limitations of traditional environmental toxicology screening, three-dimensional (3D) culture has been developed. The 3D culture could provide a good organizational structure comparable to the complex internal environment of humans and produce a more realistic response to environmental pollutants, which has been used in drug development, toxicity evaluation, personalized therapy and biological mechanism research. The goal of environmental toxicology is to provide clues and support for the risk assessment and management of environmental pollutants. With the development of 3D culture that can reproduce specific physiological aspects loaded with specific cells that reflect human biology, interactions between pollutants and target tissues and organs can be explored to assess the acute and chronic adverse health effects of exposure to various environmental toxins. The 3D culture with great potential shows broad prospects in toxicology research and is expected to bridge the gap between 2D culture and animal models eventually. In this sense, we strongly recommend that 3D culture be used to identify and understand environmental toxins, which will greatly facilitate the public's comprehensive understanding of environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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3
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Humbert MV, Spalluto CM, Bell J, Blume C, Conforti F, Davies ER, Dean LSN, Elkington P, Haitchi HM, Jackson C, Jones MG, Loxham M, Lucas JS, Morgan H, Polak M, Staples KJ, Swindle EJ, Tezera L, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Towards an artificial human lung: modelling organ-like complexity to aid mechanistic understanding. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2200455. [PMID: 35777774 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00455-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases account for over 5 million deaths yearly and are a huge burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Murine models have been of paramount importance to decode human lung biology in vivo, but their genetic, anatomical, physiological and immunological differences with humans significantly hamper successful translation of research into clinical practice. Thus, to clearly understand human lung physiology, development, homeostasis and mechanistic dysregulation that may lead to disease, it is essential to develop models that accurately recreate the extraordinary complexity of the human pulmonary architecture and biology. Recent advances in micro-engineering technology and tissue engineering have allowed the development of more sophisticated models intending to bridge the gap between the native lung and its replicates in vitro Alongside advanced culture techniques, remarkable technological growth in downstream analyses has significantly increased the predictive power of human biology-based in vitro models by allowing capture and quantification of complex signals. Refined integrated multi-omics readouts could lead to an acceleration of the translational pipeline from in vitro experimental settings to drug development and clinical testing in the future. This review highlights the range and complexity of state-of-the-art lung models for different areas of the respiratory system, from nasal to large airways, small airways and alveoli, with consideration of various aspects of disease states and their potential applications, including pre-clinical drug testing. We explore how development of optimised physiologically relevant in vitro human lung models could accelerate the identification of novel therapeutics with increased potential to translate successfully from the bench to the patient's bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Humbert
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cosma Mirella Spalluto
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- M.V. Humbert and C.M. Spalluto are co-first authors and contributed equally to this work
| | - Joseph Bell
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cornelia Blume
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Franco Conforti
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Davies
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lareb S N Dean
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Elkington
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hans Michael Haitchi
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Claire Jackson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Loxham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane S Lucas
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta Polak
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karl J Staples
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liku Tezera
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair Watson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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4
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Kwon JT, Kim Y, Choi S, Yoon BL, Kim HS, Shim I, Sul D. Pulmonary Toxicity and Proteomic Analysis in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids and Lungs of Rats Exposed to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13265. [PMID: 36362054 PMCID: PMC9655042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were intratracheally instilled into lungs at concentrations of 0, 0.15, and 1.5 mg/kg bodyweight to 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and oxidative stress were evaluated, followed by proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs of rats. The CuO NPs-exposed groups revealed dose-dependent increases in total cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lactate dyhydrogenase, and total protein levels in BALF. Inflammatory cytokines, including macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α, were increased in the CuO NPs-treated groups. The expression levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase-1, and peroxiredoxin-2 were downregulated, whereas that of superoxide dismutase-2 was upregulated in the CuO NPs-exposed groups. Five heat shock proteins were downregulated in rats exposed to high concentrations of CuO NPs. In proteomic analysis, 17 proteins were upregulated or downregulated, and 6 proteins were validated via Western blot analysis. Significant upregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase and fidgetin-like 1 and downregulation of annexin II, HSP 47 and proteasome α1 occurred in the CuO NPs exposed groups. Taken together, this study provides additional insight into pulmonary cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity as well as oxidative stress in rats exposed to CuO NPs. Proteomic analysis revealed potential toxicological biomarkers of CuO NPs, which also reveals the toxicity mechanisms of CuO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Seonyoung Choi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Byung-ll Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
| | - Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Donggeun Sul
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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5
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Forest V. Experimental and Computational Nanotoxicology-Complementary Approaches for Nanomaterial Hazard Assessment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081346. [PMID: 35458054 PMCID: PMC9031966 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing development and applications of nanomaterials lead to an increasing release of these materials in the environment. The adverse effects they may elicit on ecosystems or human health are not always fully characterized. Such potential toxicity must be carefully assessed with the underlying mechanisms elucidated. To that purpose, different approaches can be used. First, experimental toxicology consisting of conducting in vitro or in vivo experiments (including clinical studies) can be used to evaluate the nanomaterial hazard. It can rely on variable models (more or less complex), allowing the investigation of different biological endpoints. The respective advantages and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models are discussed as well as some issues associated with experimental nanotoxicology. Perspectives of future developments in the field are also proposed. Second, computational nanotoxicology, i.e., in silico approaches, can be used to predict nanomaterial toxicity. In this context, we describe the general principles, advantages, and limitations especially of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models and grouping/read-across approaches. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these different approaches based on examples and highlight their complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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6
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Serra A, Saarimäki LA, Pavel A, del Giudice G, Fratello M, Cattelani L, Federico A, Laurino O, Marwah VS, Fortino V, Scala G, Sofia Kinaret PA, Greco D. Nextcast: a software suite to analyse and model toxicogenomics data. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1413-1426. [PMID: 35386103 PMCID: PMC8956870 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicogenomics is emerging as a valid approach to characterise the mechanism of action of chemicals. Structured pipelines for toxicogenomics increase standardisation and regulatory acceptance. We developed the Nextcast software suite for robust analysis and modelling of toxicogenomic data. Nextcast offers customisable modular pipelines to tackle multiple biological questions.
The recent advancements in toxicogenomics have led to the availability of large omics data sets, representing the starting point for studying the exposure mechanism of action and identifying candidate biomarkers for toxicity prediction. The current lack of standard methods in data generation and analysis hampers the full exploitation of toxicogenomics-based evidence in regulatory risk assessment. Moreover, the pipelines for the preprocessing and downstream analyses of toxicogenomic data sets can be quite challenging to implement. During the years, we have developed a number of software packages to address specific questions related to multiple steps of toxicogenomics data analysis and modelling. In this review we present the Nextcast software collection and discuss how its individual tools can be combined into efficient pipelines to answer specific biological questions. Nextcast components are of great support to the scientific community for analysing and interpreting large data sets for the toxicity evaluation of compounds in an unbiased, straightforward, and reliable manner. The Nextcast software suite is available at: ( https://github.com/fhaive/nextcast).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Serra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Aliisa Saarimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Tampere, Finland
| | - Alisa Pavel
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Tampere, Finland
| | - Giusy del Giudice
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Tampere, Finland
| | - Michele Fratello
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Tampere, Finland
| | - Luca Cattelani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Tampere, Finland
| | - Antonio Federico
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Veer Singh Marwah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vittorio Fortino
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Anneli Sofia Kinaret
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author.
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7
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Bedford R, Perkins E, Clements J, Hollings M. Recent advancements and application of in vitro models for predicting inhalation toxicity in humans. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105299. [PMID: 34920082 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Animals have been indispensable in testing chemicals that can pose a risk to human health, including those delivered by inhalation. In recent years, the combination of societal debate on the use of animals in research and testing, the drive to continually enhance testing methodologies, and technology advancements have prompted a range of initiatives to develop non-animal alternative approaches for toxicity testing. In this review, we discuss emerging in vitro techniques being developed for the testing of inhaled compounds. Advanced tissue models that are able to recreate the human response to toxic exposures alongside examples of their ability to complement in vivo techniques are described. Furthermore, technology being developed that can provide multi-organ toxicity assessments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bedford
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - E Perkins
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - J Clements
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - M Hollings
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
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8
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García-Salvador A, Katsumiti A, Rojas E, Aristimuño C, Betanzos M, Martínez-Moro M, Moya SE, Goñi-de-Cerio F. A Complete In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of the Biological Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: From Acute Toxicity to Multi-Dose Subchronic Cytotoxicity Study. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061577. [PMID: 34208428 PMCID: PMC8234921 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are of significant relevance due to their unique properties, which have been exploited for widespread applications. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) are one of most exploited ENM in the industry due to their excellent catalytic and multi-enzyme mimetic properties. Thus, the toxicological effects of these ENMs should be further studied. In this study, the acute and subchronic toxicity of CeO2-NPs were assessed. First, an in vitro multi-dose short-term (24 h) toxicological assessment was performed in three different cell lines: A549 and Calu3 were used to represented lung tissue and 3T3 was used as an interstitial tissue model. After that, a sub-chronic toxicity assessment (90 days) of these NPs was carried out on a realistic and well-established reconstituted primary human airway epithelial model (MucilAir™), cultured at the Air–Liquid Interface (ALI), to study the long-term effects of these particles. Results showed minor toxicity of CeO2-NPs in acute exposures. However, in subchronic exposures, cytotoxic and inflammatory responses were observed in the human airway epithelial model after 60 days of exposure to CeO2-NPs. These results suggest that acute toxicity approaches may underestimate the toxicological effect of some ENMs, highlighting the need for subchronic toxicological studies in order to accurately assess the toxicity of ENM and their cumulative effects in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián García-Salvador
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.K.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Alberto Katsumiti
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.K.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Rojas
- CIC BiomaGUNE, BRTA, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.R.); (M.M.-M.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Carol Aristimuño
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.K.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Mónica Betanzos
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.K.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Martínez-Moro
- CIC BiomaGUNE, BRTA, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.R.); (M.M.-M.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Sergio E. Moya
- CIC BiomaGUNE, BRTA, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.R.); (M.M.-M.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Felipe Goñi-de-Cerio
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.K.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-688-649-878
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9
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Lee N, Jang DY, Lee DH, Jeong H, Nam KT, Choi DW, Lim KM. Local Toxicity of Biocides after Direct and Aerosol Exposure on the Human Skin Epidermis and Airway Tissue Models. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9020029. [PMID: 33546295 PMCID: PMC7913294 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biocides are commonly used as spray- or trigger-type formulations, thus dermal and respiratory exposure to biocide aerosol is unavoidable. However, little is known about the impact of aerosolization on the local toxicity of biocides on the skin or the airway. We compared the local toxicity of biocides after direct or aerosol exposure on reconstructed human skin epidermis and upper airway models. Three biocides, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT), 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), and 2-phenylphenol (OPP), most widely used in the market were selected. When the biocide was treated in aerosols, toxicity to the skin epidermis and upper airway tissue became significantly attenuated compared with the direct application as determined by the higher tissue viabilities. This was further confirmed in histological examination, wherein the tissue damages were less pronounced. LC-MS/MS and GC/MS analysis revealed that concentrations of biocides decreased during aerosolization. Importantly, the toxicity of biocides treated in 3 μm (median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD)) aerosols was stronger than that of 5 μm aerosol, suggesting that the aerosol particle size may affect biocide toxicity. Collectively, we demonstrated that aerosolization could affect the local toxicity of biocides on the skin epidermis and the upper airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Dae Yong Jang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea; (D.Y.J.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Do Hyeon Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea; (D.Y.J.); (D.H.L.)
| | - Haengdueng Jeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.J.); (K.T.N.)
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.J.); (K.T.N.)
| | - Dal-Woong Choi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea; (D.Y.J.); (D.H.L.)
- Correspondence: authors: (D.-W.C.); (K.-M.L.); Tel.: +82-10-9775-7875 (D.-W.C.); +82-2-3277-3055 (K.-M.L.); Fax: +82-02-940-2778 (D.-W.C.); +82-2-3277-3760 (K.-M.L.)
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Correspondence: authors: (D.-W.C.); (K.-M.L.); Tel.: +82-10-9775-7875 (D.-W.C.); +82-2-3277-3055 (K.-M.L.); Fax: +82-02-940-2778 (D.-W.C.); +82-2-3277-3760 (K.-M.L.)
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Boyadzhiev A, Avramescu ML, Wu D, Williams A, Rasmussen P, Halappanavar S. Impact of copper oxide particle dissolution on lung epithelial cell toxicity: response characterization using global transcriptional analysis. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:380-399. [PMID: 33507836 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1872114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) is attributed to both particle and dissolved copper ion species. However, a clear understanding of (1) the specific cellular responses that are modulated by the two species and (2) the temporal dynamics in toxicity, as the proportional amount of particulate and ionic forms change over time, is lacking. In the current study, in vitro responses to microparticulate CuO (CuO MPs), CuO NPs, and dissolved Cu2+ were characterized in order to elucidate particle and ion-induced kinetic effects. Particle dissolution experiments were carried out in a relevant cell culture medium, using CuO NPs and MPs. Mouse lung epithelial cells were exposed for 2-48 h with 1-25 µg/mL CuO MPs, CuO NPs, or 7 and 54 µg/mL CuCl2. Cellular viability and genome-wide transcriptional responses were assessed. Dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity were observed in CuO NP exposed cells, which was delayed and subtle in CuCl2 and not observed in CuO MPs treated cells. Analyses of differentially expressed genes and associated pathway perturbations showed that dissolved ions released by CuO NPs in the extracellular medium are insufficient to account for the observed potency and cytotoxicity. Further organization of gene expression results in an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework revealed a series of key events potentially involved in CuO NPs toxicity. The AOP is applicable to toxicity induced by metal oxide nanoparticles of varying solubility, and thus, can facilitate the development of in vitro alternative strategies to screen their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Boyadzhiev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pat Rasmussen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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