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Zhang H, Bai J, Chen X, Wang L, Peng W, Zhao Y, Weng J, Zhi W, Wang J. Surface State-Based panchromatic luminescent carbon dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:77-87. [PMID: 39180850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots have shown a broad application prospect in the fields of sensing and detection, biological imaging, and optoelectronic devices. However, it is still challenging to adopt a simple and green synthesis route and to develop new precursor systems to prepare full-color luminescent carbon dots. This study proposes a mechanism for fine regulation of carbon dot fluorescence spectra based on surface states of CN, COC, and OH, among which CN play a major role in long wavelength emission while COC and OH are responsible for the blue shift of emission wavelength. Using 4,4-bipyridine and p-phenylenediamine as precursors in safe and environmentally friendly glycol and water as solvents for the first time, the fine spectral carbon dots with full spectrum luminescence from purple (441 nm) to red (627 nm) were successfully synthesized by simply changing the composition of the reaction solvent and using a short reaction time. Compared with other reports on regulating polychromatic carbon dots, our method is more refined and has a wider distribution of luminescent colors. In addition, the obtained carbon dots based on such surface state luminescence mechanism have shown good application prospects in specific detection of Fe3+and cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jiafan Bai
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Xiangli Chen
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Linyu Wang
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Wenzhen Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yuancong Zhao
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jie Weng
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Wei Zhi
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Laboratory of Advance Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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2
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Hu J, Zheng Z, Yang Y, Chen L, Kang W. Advance of Near-Infrared Emissive Carbon Dots in Diagnosis and Therapy: Synthesis, Luminescence, and Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401513. [PMID: 39091058 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with good optical properties, biocompatibility, easy functionalization, and small size have attracted more and more attention and laid a good foundation for their applications in the biomedicine field. CDs emitted in near-infrared regions (NIR-CDs) can achieve high penetration depth imaging and produce high cytotoxic substance for disease treatment. Therefore, NIR-CDs are promising materials to realize high-quality imaging-guided diagnostic and therapeutic integration. This review first introduces the current mainstream synthesis methods of NIR-CDs by "top-down" and "bottom-up". Second, the luminescence modes of NIR-CDs are introduced, and the luminescence mechanisms based on carbon core state, surface state, molecular state, and crosslinking enhanced emission are summarized. Third, the applications and principles of NIR-CDs in imaging, drug delivery, and non-invasive therapeutics are introduced from a view of diagnosis and therapy. Finally, their prospects and challenges in biomedical and biotechnological applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Ziliang Zheng
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Weiwei Kang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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3
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Sánchez-Pineda PA, López-Pacheco IY, Villalba-Rodríguez AM, Godínez-Alemán JA, González-González RB, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Enhancing the production of PHA in Scenedesmus sp. by the addition of green synthesized nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen-phosphorus-doped carbon dots. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:77. [PMID: 38835059 PMCID: PMC11149319 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Plastic consumption has increased globally, and environmental issues associated with it have only gotten more severe; as a result, the search for environmentally friendly alternatives has intensified. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), as biopolymers produced by microalgae, might be an excellent option; however, large-scale production is a relevant barrier that hinders their application. Recently, innovative materials such as carbon dots (CDs) have been explored to enhance PHA production sustainably. This study added green synthesized multi-doped CDs to Scenedesmus sp. microalgae cultures to improve PHA production. Prickly pear was selected as the carbon precursor for the hydrothermally synthesized CDs doped with nitrogen, phosphorous, and nitrogen-phosphorous elements. CDs were characterized by different techniques, such as FTIR, SEM, ζ potential, UV-Vis, and XRD. They exhibited a semi-crystalline structure with high concentrations of carboxylic groups on their surface and other elements, such as copper and phosphorus. A medium without nitrogen and phosphorous was used as a control to compare CDs-enriched mediums. Cultures regarding biomass growth, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and PHA content were analyzed. The obtained results demonstrated that CDs-enriched cultures produced higher content of biomass and PHA; CDs-enriched cultures presented an increase of 26.9% in PHA concentration and an increase of 32% in terms of cell growth compared to the standard cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | | | - Reyna Berenice González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
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4
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Shi Y, Xia Y, Zhou M, Wang Y, Bao J, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Facile synthesis of Gd/Ru-doped fluorescent carbon dots for fluorescent/MR bimodal imaging and tumor therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:88. [PMID: 38431629 PMCID: PMC10908135 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional metal doping endows fluorescent carbon dots with richer physical and chemical properties, greatly expanding their potential in the biomedical field. Nonetheless, fabricating carbon dots with integrated functionality for diagnostic and therapeutic modalities remains challenging. Herein, we develop a simple strategy to prepare Gd/Ru bimetallic doped fluorescent carbon dots (Gd/Ru-CDs) via a one-step microwave-assisted method with Ru(dcbpy)3Cl2, citric acid, polyethyleneimine, and GdCl3 as precursors. Multiple techniques were employed to characterize the morphology and properties of the obtained carbon dots. The Gd/Ru-CDs are high mono-dispersity, uniform spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 4.2 nm. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed the composition and surface properties of the carbon dots. In particular, the successful doping of Gd/Ru enables the carbon dots not only show considerable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance but also obtain better fluorescence (FL) properties, especially in the red emission area. More impressively, it has low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability, making it an effective imaging-guided tumor treatment reagent. In vivo experiments have revealed that Gd/Ru-CDs can achieve light-induced tumor suppression and non-invasive fluorescence/magnetic resonance bimodal imaging reagents to monitor the treatment process of mouse tumor models. Thus, this simple and efficient carbon dot manufacturing strategy by doping functional metals has expanded avenues for the development and application of multifunctional all-in-one theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Shi
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yaning Xia
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengyang Zhou
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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5
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Ferrer-Ruiz A, Moreno-Naranjo JM, Rodríguez-Pérez L, Ramírez-Barroso S, Martín N, Herranz MÁ. n-Type Fullerene-Carbon Dots: Synthesis and Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302850. [PMID: 38100513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The covalent incorporation of C60 and C70 derivatives of the well-known n-type organic semiconductor PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) onto carbon dots (CD) is described. Morphological and structural characterization reveal combined features of both pristine starting materials (CD and PCBM). Electrochemical investigations evidenced the existence of additional reduction processes to that of CD or PCBM precursors, showing rich electron-acceptor capabilities, with multistep processes in an affordable and narrow electrochemical window (ca. 1.5 V). Electronic communication in the obtained nanoconjugated species were derived from steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopies, which showed bathochromically shifted absorptions and emissions well entering the red region. Finally, the lower fluorescence quantum yield of CD-PCBM nanoconjugates, compared with CD, and the fast decay of the observed emission of CD, support the existence of an electronic communication between both CD and PCBM units in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ferrer-Ruiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Moreno-Naranjo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Herranz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Wu X, Wang M, Yu F, Cai H, Tedesco AC, Li Z, Bi H. Core-shell structured carbon dots with up-conversion fluorescence and photo-triggered nitric oxide-releasing properties. Analyst 2024; 149:1221-1228. [PMID: 38221877 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02034g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-targeted nanotechnology has a new trend in the design and preparation of new materials with functions for imaging and therapeutic applications simultaneously. As a new type of carbon nanomaterial, the inherent core-shell structured carbon dots (CDs) can be designed to provide a modular nanoplatform for integration of bioimaging and therapeutic capabilities. Here, core-shell structured CDs are designed and synthesized from levofloxacin and arginine and named Arg-CDs, in which levofloxacin-derived chromophores with up-conversion fluorescence are densely packed into the carbon core while guanidine groups are located on the shell, providing nitric oxide (NO) for photodynamic therapy of tumors. Moreover, the chromophores in the carbon core irradiated by visible LED light generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) that will oxidize the guanidine groups located on the shell of the Arg-CDs and further increase the NO releasing capacity remarkably. The as-synthesized Arg-CDs show excellent biocompatibility, bright up-conversion fluorescence, and a light-controlled ROS & NO releasing ability, which can be a potential light-modulated nanoplatform to integrate bioimaging and therapeutic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Meiyan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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7
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Li F, Liu KQ, Wang WJ, Jiang ZT, Kong FY, Li HY, Wang ZX, Wang W. Selective identification of p-nitroaniline by bromine-mediated polarization of carbon dots. Analyst 2024; 149:1212-1220. [PMID: 38214602 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02080k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A fluorometric method based on boron, bromide-codoped carbon dots (BBCNs) was developed for the first time for the highly selective detection of p-nitroaniline (PNA) in wastewater samples. It should be noted that the introduction of bromine greatly increases the molecular polarizability of the probe, which can regulate the energy level matching between the probe and PNA, resulting in the interaction between BBCNs and PNA. In the presence of PNA, the fluorescence of BBCNs is obviously quenched and accompanied by a red shift of the fluorescence band, which might be attributed to the formation of aggregates caused by the polar adsorption of BBCNs and PNA. It is beneficial for constructing a highly selective sensing platform for PNA determination compared to its isomers (o-nitroaniline and m-nitroaniline) through atomic bromine-mediated polarization of the BBCNs. With the help of this mechanism, an excellent linear range of 0.5-300 μM with a low detection limit of 0.24 μM toward PNA was obtained. This work further confirms that there is a significant relationship between the nature of doping elements and the optical and physicochemical properties of fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Kai-Qi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Zhen-Tao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Fen-Ying Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Heng-Ye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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8
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Yang XC, Zhao JT. Aerogel for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation. Gels 2024; 10:100. [PMID: 38391430 PMCID: PMC10888021 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis is one of the effective ways to degrade pollutant antibiotics. Agar is used as the adsorption module to provide abundant pore structure. Carbon dots (CDs) are selected as light energy conversion components. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is used as the main material of the catalyst. Agar/CDs/g-C3N4-functionalized aerogel with a unique 3D pore structure is assembled. The Agar/CDs/g-C3N4 aerogel shows the highest photocurrent density, which is 3.7 times that of agar, 2.4 times that of 3-g-C3N4 and 1.6 times that of Agar/g-C3N4 aerogel. Compared with 3-g-C3N4 and Agar/g-C3N4 aerogel, which can completely remove AMX after 75 min, Agar/CDs/g-C3N4 aerogel can degrade amoxicillin (AMX) completely after 45 min of illumination. The reason is that Agar/CDs/g-C3N4 aerogel has a larger specific surface area, richer functional groups, a wider spectral range, higher photocurrent density and better carrier migration and separation efficiency. It is a good strategy with which to combine the effects of each component in the ternary system for the efficient photocatalysis of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Chun Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing-Tai Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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9
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Ichimaru H, Kikuchi S. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles Based on Gold-Silver Alloy Nanoclusters for Clinical Diagnosis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:121-126. [PMID: 38296514 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In clinical diagnosis, fluorescent particles are applied to detect analytes in biofluids, such as blood and saliva. However, current fluorescence detection methods have not been optimized to account for the overlapping autofluorescence peaks of biological substances. Gold and silver nanoclusters are known to the novel fluorescent materials and their emission wavelengths depend on cluster size. In this study, we developed fluorescent silica nanoparticles using gold-silver alloy nanoclusters and chitosan (CS) (NH2-SiO2@Au@CS@AuAg) by the layer-by-layer method. Under UV-light irradiation at 365 nm, the emission wavelength of NH2-SiO2@Au@CS@AuAg reached 750 nm in the near-IR region. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the shape of NH2-SiO2@Au@CS@AuAg was uniform and spherical. The fluorescence spectrum of horse blood obtained in the presence of NH2-SiO2@Au@CS@AuAg contained a specific fluorescence peak attributed to NH2-SiO2@Au@CS@AuAg, which was distinguishable from the autofluorescence peaks. These results showed that NH2-SiO2@Au@CS@AuAg has advantageous fluorescence properties for clinical diagnostic applications.
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10
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Zhou P, Xu J, Hou X, Dai L, Zhang J, Xiao X, Huo K. Heteroatom-engineered multicolor lignin carbon dots enabling bimodal fluorescent off-on detection of metal-ions and glutathione. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126714. [PMID: 37673154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a promising subclass of optical nanomaterials with versatile functions in multimodal biosensing. Howbeit the rapid, reliable and reproducible fabrication of multicolor CDs from renewable lignin with unique groups (e.g., -OCH3, -OH and -COOH) and alterable moieties (e.g., β-O-4, phenylpropanoid structure) remains challenging due to difficult-to-control molecular behavior. Herein we proposed a scalable acid-reagent strategy to engineer a family of heteroatom-doped multicolor lignin carbon dots (LCDs) that are functioned as the bimodal fluorescent off-on sensing of metal-ions and glutathione (GSH). Benefiting from the modifiable photophysical structure via heteroatom-doping (N, S, W, P and B), the multicolor LCDs (blue, green and yellow) with a controllable size distribution of 2.06-2.22 nm deliver the sensing competences to fluorometric probing the distinctive metal-ion systems (Fe3+, Al3+ and Cu2+) under a broad response interval (0-500 μM) with excellent sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD, 0.45-3.90 μM). Meanwhile, we found that the addition of GSH can efficiently restore the fluorescence of LCDs by forming a stable Fe3+-GSH complex with a LOD of 0.97 μM. This work not only sheds light on evolving lignin macromolecular interactions with tunable luminescent properties, but also provides a facile approach to synthesize multicolor CDs with advanced functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Jikun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Xinyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Lin Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Kaifu Huo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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11
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Niu X, Hou R, Zhang L, Gao H, Hu J. Synthesis of Multicolor Carbon Dots Catalyzed by Inorganic Salts with Tunable Nonlinear Optical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:42. [PMID: 38203895 PMCID: PMC10779595 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical properties of carbon dots have been in the spotlight in recent years. In light of the complexity and diversity of factors affecting the nonlinear optical properties of carbon dots, how to reveal the origin and physical mechanism of the nonlinear optical properties of carbon dots accurately has become a problem. In this work, a template-free method was designed to prepare carbon dots via solid-phase reaction with phloroglucinol as a single carbon source and sodium bisulfate as the catalyst. This method is simple, green, safe, and easy to be prepared on a large scale. Three carbon dots with different luminous colors were obtained by simply adjusting the reaction temperature. The rise of reaction temperature affects the surface functional groups, and then hinders the luminescence of surface states, leading to the change of luminescence properties. The nonlinear optical properties of carbon dots were analyzed by the Z-scan technique. Surprisingly, all carbon dots have nonlinear optical responses, but there are differences in performance. Results prove the increase in sp2 domains may contribute to the significant improvement of the nonlinear optical properties of carbon dots, indicating a direction to improve the nonlinear optical properties of carbon dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Niu
- Institute of Geography, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ruipeng Hou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Institute of Geography, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongli Gao
- Institute of Geography, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Junzhou Hu
- Institute of Geography, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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12
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Zhang C, Ying Z, Jiang Y, Wang H, Zhou X, Xuan W, Zheng P. Solvent-controlled synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon dots. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:314-322. [PMID: 38062935 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity are of paramount importance in surface chemistry. In this study, a solvent-controlled synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon dots (CDs) was prepared via a solvothermal process using pentafluorobenzyl alcohol as the carbon source in either deionized water or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) medium. By simply varying the reaction solvent to control the doping of nitrogen and fluorine elements, the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the CDs could be regulated. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic CDs showed blue and green light under a UV lamp, respectively. Besides, we regulated the volume ratio of water/DMF (1 : 2, 1 : 1 and 2 : 1) in the reaction solvent to prepare amphiphilic CDs and further studied their hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the sensitivity of hydrophobic CDs to water was investigated. In water detection, the photoluminescent intensity of the blue peak and green peak showed high linearity within the water content of 4-80% and 10-80%, respectively (limit of detection = 0.08%, v/v, in DMF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhan Zhang
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zhihua Ying
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Xuebin Zhou
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Weipeng Xuan
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Peng Zheng
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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13
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Mandal T, Mishra SR, Singh V. Comprehensive advances in the synthesis, fluorescence mechanism and multifunctional applications of red-emitting carbon nanomaterials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5717-5765. [PMID: 37881704 PMCID: PMC10597556 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Red emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have drawn significant scientific interest in recent years due to their high quantum yield, water-dispersibility, photostability, biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization, low cost and eco-friendliness. The red emissive characteristics of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials generally depend on the carbon source, reaction time, synthetic approach/methodology, surface functional groups, average size, and other reaction environments, which directly or indirectly help to achieve red emission. The importance of several factors to achieve red fluorescent carbon nanomaterials is highlighted in this review. Numerous plausible theories have been explained in detail to understand the origin of red fluorescence and tunable emission in these carbon-based nanostructures. The above advantages and fluorescence in the red region make them a potential candidate for multifunctional applications in various current fields. Therefore, this review focused on the recent advances in the synthesis approach, mechanism of fluorescence, and electronic and optical properties of red-emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials. This review also explains the several innovative applications of red-emitting fluorescent carbon nanomaterials such as biomedicine, light-emitting devices, sensing, photocatalysis, energy, anticounterfeiting, fluorescent silk, artificial photosynthesis, etc. It is hoped that by choosing appropriate methods, the present review can inspire and guide future research on the design of red emissive fluorescent carbon nanomaterials for potential advancements in multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Mandal
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Shiv Rag Mishra
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Environment Emission and CRM Section, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad Jharkhand 828108 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
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14
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Warjurkar K, Panda S, Sharma V. Red emissive carbon dots: a promising next-generation material with intracellular applicability. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8848-8865. [PMID: 37650569 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01378b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The accidental discovery of carbon dots (CDs) back in 2004 has led to their widespread use in the biomedical field. CDs have demonstrated their effectiveness in reporting 3D structures of biological specimens, identifying normal and cancer cells, and even detecting analytes within cells. However, the limitations of blue-green emitting CDs, such as their shallow penetration, photodamage, and auto-fluorescence, have hindered their practical applications. To overcome these limitations, red emissive CDs (RCDs) have been developed, which have deep tissue penetration, minimal photo-damage, low auto-fluorescence, and high imaging contrast. In this article, we present a thorough review on the use of RCDs in biomedical applications, including in vivo and in vitro bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, monitoring temperature and polarity changes in living cells, tumour therapy, and drug delivery. With the rapid progress being made in the development of RCDs for intracellular applications, their clinical application is expected to become a reality in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Warjurkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu-180012, India.
| | - Satyajit Panda
- Department of Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu-180012, India.
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15
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Zhang J, Chen M, Ren X, Shi W, Yin T, Luo T, Lan Y, Li X, Guan L. Effect of conjugation length on fluorescence characteristics of carbon dots. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27714-27721. [PMID: 37727316 PMCID: PMC10506537 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon coexisting in carbon cores on fluorescence characteristics of carbon dots (CDs) was revealed by density functional theory calculations. Based on the constructed coronene-like structures, the fluorescence emission spectra, transition molecular orbital pairs and several physical quantities describing the distribution of electrons and holes were investigated. The results indicate that due to the interaction between sp2 and sp3 carbon atoms, two main factors including the hyperconjugative effect and the separation of sp2 domain by sp3 carbon atoms can regulate the fluorescence wavelength. By analyzing the transition molecular orbital pairs, it was found that the fluorescence wavelength has a close correlation with the conjugation length, suggesting that the conjugation length can predict the shift of the emission spectra of CDs. The theoretical results provide a comprehensive understanding of fluorescence mechanism and help to synthesize CDs with expected fluorescence wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University Baoding 071002 PR China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University Baoding 071002 PR China
| | - Xiaojie Ren
- Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University Baoding 071002 PR China
| | - Weicai Shi
- Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University Baoding 071002 PR China
| | - Tao Yin
- Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University Baoding 071002 PR China
| | - Tao Luo
- Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University Baoding 071002 PR China
| | - Youshi Lan
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 PR China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University Baoding 071002 PR China
| | - Li Guan
- Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University Baoding 071002 PR China
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16
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Mandal S, Erimban S, Banerjee S, Daschakraborty S, Das P. Elucidating the relationship between red fluorescence and structural dynamics of carbon dots dispersed in different solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23645-23657. [PMID: 37609834 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of intrinsic fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs), the latest nanomaterial from the carbon family, was supposedly deciphered through multiple theories. However, the much sought-after persistent red emission of CDs as a foreseeable consequence of experiments remains elusive prompting the question of whether tuning of the red emission of CDs is a predictable outcome or a serendipitous coincidence. Herein, we tried to decode the same by exploring Alizarin Red S (ARS)-based red emitting CDs in different solvents with wisely chosen analytical tools. The findings are aptly supported by molecular dynamics studies through an experimental intuition-driven model-building approach. Parallel interception of the CDs with powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD) and photophysical spectroscopic studies revealed an important relationship between the solvent and CDs. Tautomerism, a well-known phenomenon with chemical entities, was found to be operative for CDs that greatly influence the Stokes shift and ultimately the fluorescence outcome. Most importantly, pXRD studies established the turbostratism of the CDs where the well-ordered graphitic structure of CDs gets disrupted with solvent molecules. The extent of such disruption is a function of solvent and CD composition that plays a formidable role in obtaining red fluorescence. Thus, for the first time, we demonstrate that the red emission of CDs is related to its structural integrity and if taken care of could be sustained, a tremendously desirable outcome for relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Mandal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40536, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India.
| | - Shakkira Erimban
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India.
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Subhrajeet Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India.
| | | | - Prolay Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India.
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17
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Jiang L, Cai H, Qin W, Li Z, Zhang L, Bi H. Meticulously Designed Carbon Dots as Photo-Triggered RNA-Destroyer for Evoking Pyroptosis. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1387-1397. [PMID: 37534892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
An ideal photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy should not only possess high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency but also maximize utilization of the in situ produced ROS species, where the latter is closely related to its intracellular location. However, rational design of such photosensitizer without tedious conjugation procedures remains a grand challenge. Here, we report the one-pot preparation of carbon dots (CDs)-based photosensitizer from levofloxacin and neutral red featuring both high 1O2 quantum yield (φΔ = 38.85%) and superior RNA selectivity. Moreover, the φΔ value shows a further 40% improvement and reaches 54.33% in response to RNA binding. Owing to these combined attributes, the CDs could exert great damage to the cellular RNA system (termed the RNA-destroyer) under extremely low dosage of light irradiation (15 mW cm-2, 1 min). It induces pyroptotic cell death and causes rapid release of different cytokines that served as molecular markers in photodynamic immunotherapy. This work represents the meticulously designed CDs with high ROS generation and utilization efficiency via good organization of the photosensitive and targeting modularity. Moreover, it is the first CDs-based pyroptosis inducer to the best of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Weixia Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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18
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Zhao L, Zhang D, Wang X, Li Y, Li Z, Wei H, Yao B, Ding G, Wang Z. Large-Scale Synthesis of Tunable Fluorescent Carbon Dots Powder for Light-Emitting Diodes and Fingerprint Identification. Molecules 2023; 28:5917. [PMID: 37570888 PMCID: PMC10421340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and fast development of carbon dots (CDs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for applications in the field of photoelectricity, but their practicability still suffers from complicated synthesis procedures and the substrate dependence of solid-state fluorescence. In this study, we design a unique microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis route for preparing tunable fluorescent CD powders with yellow, orange, and red fluorescence (Y-CDs, O-CDs, R-CDs) by simply adjusting the mass ratio of reactants, a method which is suitable for the large-scale synthesis of CDs. The Y-/O-/R-CDs were systematically characterized using physics and spectroscopy techniques. Based on the perfect solid-state fluorescence performance of the proposed fluorescent CD powders, the Y-/O-/R-CDs were successfully applied for the construction of multi-color and white light-emitting diode devices at low cost. Furthermore, the Y-CDs displayed much higher yield and luminous efficiency than the O-CDs and R-CDs and were further used for fingerprint identification on the surfaces of glass sheets and tinfoil. In addition, the R-CD aqueous solution fluorescence is sensitive to pH, suggesting its use as a pH indicator for monitoring intracellular pH fluctuations. The proposed series of fluorescent powders composed of CDs may herald a new era in the application of optical components and criminal investigation fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.); (H.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yang Li
- Lanzhou Hualian Xinminao Dental Clinic, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Zihan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.); (H.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Hua Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.); (H.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Boxuan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.); (H.W.); (B.Y.)
| | - Gongtao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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19
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Zhu J, Shen M, Shen J, Wang C, Wei Y. Nitrogen and bromine co-doped carbon dots with red fluorescence for sensing of Ag + and visual monitoring of glutathione in cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122642. [PMID: 36989694 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with red fluorescence emission have excellent advantages in cell imaging. Herein, novel nitrogen and bromine doped CDs (N,Br-CDs) were prepared with 4-bromo-1,2-phenylenediamine as precursor. The N, Br-CDs present the optimal emission wavelength at 582 nm (λex = 510 nm) at pH 7.0 and 648 nm (λex = 580 nm) at pH 3.0 ∼ 5.0, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of N,Br-CDs at 648 nm versus Ag+ concentration shows a good relationship from 0 to 60 μM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14 μM. Furthermore, the fluorescence of N,Br-CDs/Ag+ is efficiently restored via the combination of glutathione (GSH) and Ag+ and linearly changes with GSH concentration from 0 ∼ 6.0 μM with LOD of 49 nM. This method has been successfully employed to monitor intracellular Ag+ and GSH with fluorescence imaging. The results suggest that the N,Br-CDs has application potential in the sensing of Ag+ and visual monitoring of GSH in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, PR China
| | - Mengxin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Jiwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China.
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20
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Szapoczka WK, Truskewycz AL, Skodvin T, Holst B, Thomas PJ. Fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime measurements of various carbon dots as a function of pH. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10660. [PMID: 37391469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement and monitoring of pH are essential in both the industry and academia. It is therefore important to continue developing novel, low-cost pH sensors that provide increased accuracy over long periods of time. Particularly promising are sensors based on materials that show pH-dependent fluorescence intensity (FI) and lifetime (FL). Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging as promising candidates because of their low cost, ease of manufacturing, low toxicity, and negligible photobleaching. However, little has been done to quantify the FI and FL values of CDs. Here we report the characterisation of the pH-dependent FI and FL of four novel solvothermal synthesised CDs. The fifth CD is used as a reference sample and was synthesised following a published synthesis. The precursors for the CDs include disperse blue 1 dye, phloroglucinol, m-phenylenediamine (m-PD), N, and N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The average diameter size of the CDs ranges from 1.5 to 15 nm. An excitation wavelength of 452 nm with a bandwidth of 45 nm was used to quantify the fluorescence in the pH range 5-9. Three CDs show a decreasing trend in FI with pH, while two CDs show an increasing trend. None of the CDs shows strong FL dependence. The FL changes around 0.5 ± 0.2 ns across the tested pH range. We suggest that the differences in the fluorescence trends can be attributed to the precursors chosen for synthesising the CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria K Szapoczka
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5007, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Adam L Truskewycz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tore Skodvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bodil Holst
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter J Thomas
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, 5008, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Correia SFH, Fu L, Dias LMS, Pereira RFP, de Zea Bermudez V, André PS, Ferreira RAS. An autonomous power temperature sensor based on window-integrated transparent PV using sustainable luminescent carbon dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3428-3438. [PMID: 37383075 PMCID: PMC10295119 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The energy efficiency of buildings can be significantly improved through the use of renewable energy sources. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) appear to be a solution for integrating photovoltaic (PV) devices into the structure of buildings (windows, for instance) to enable low-voltage devices to be powered. Here, we present transparent planar and cylindrical LSCs based on carbon dots in an aqueous solution and dispersed in organic-inorganic hybrid matrices, which present photoluminescent quantum yield values up to 82%, facilitating an effective solar photon conversion. These LSCs showed the potencial for being incorporated as building windows due to an average light transmittance of up to ∼91% and color rendering index of up to 97, with optical and power conversion efficiency values of 5.4 ± 0.1% and 0.18 ± 0.01%, respectively. In addition, the fabricated devices showed temperature sensing ability enabling the fabrication of an autonomous power mobile temperature sensor. Two independent thermometric parameters were established based on the emission and the electrical power generated by the LSC-PV system, which could both be accessed by a mobile phone, enabling mobile optical sensing through multiparametric thermal reading with relative sensitivity values up to 1.0% °C-1, making real-time mobile temperature sensing accessible to all users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra F H Correia
- Instituto de Telecomunicações and University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Lianshe Fu
- Department of Physics and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Lília M S Dias
- Department of Physics and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon 1049-001 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Rui F P Pereira
- Chemistry Center and Chemistry Department, University of Minho 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - V de Zea Bermudez
- Chemistry Department and CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro 5000-801 Vila Real Portugal
| | - Paulo S André
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon 1049-001 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Rute A S Ferreira
- Department of Physics and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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22
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Wang N, Dong T, Shi W, Li LA, Ye MX, Fu XY, Yan ZF, Meng YG. Carbon dot decorated Co 3O 4 nanozymes responsive to the NIR-II window for mild photothermal-enhanced nanocatalytic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37334568 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Although NIR-II laser-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) is considered as an emerging strategy for tumor therapy, its therapeutic effects are still seriously hampered by low photothermal conversion efficacy, limited tissue penetration depth, and inevitable damage to adjoining healthy tissues. Herein, we report a mild second-near-infrared (NIR-II) photothermal-augmented nanocatalytic therapy (NCT) nanoplatform based on CD@Co3O4 heterojunctions by depositing NIR-II-responsive carbon dots (CDs) onto the surface of Co3O4 nanozymes. The as-prepared Co3O4 nanozymes possess multi-enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity including peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione-peroxidase to realize the cascade amplification of ROS levels owing to the presence of multivalent Co2+ and Co3+. CDs with a high NIR-II photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) (51.1%) enable the realization of mild PTT (∼43 °C), which could not only avoid damage to adjoining healthy tissues but also enhance the multi-enzyme-mimic catalytic activity of Co3O4 nanozymes. More importantly, the NIR-II photothermal properties of CDs and the multi-enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity of Co3O4 nanozymes are greatly augmented by the fabrication of heterojunctions due to the induced localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) and accelerated carrier transfer. On the basis of these advantages, satisfactory mild PTT-amplified NCT is accomplished. Our work presents a promising approach for mild NIR-II photothermal-amplified NCT based on semiconductor heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Medicine School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Six Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Department of Navel Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Li-An Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ming-Xia Ye
- Faculty of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100007, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Fu
- Faculty of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100007, China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Yan
- Faculty of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100007, China.
| | - Yuan-Guang Meng
- Faculty of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100007, China.
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23
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Jiang L, Cai H, Zhou W, Li Z, Zhang L, Bi H. RNA-Targeting Carbon Dots for Live-Cell Imaging of Granule Dynamics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210776. [PMID: 36645339 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is significant to monitor the different RNA granules dynamics and phase separation process inside cells under various stresses, for example, oxidative stress. The current small-molecule RNA probes work well only in fixed cells and usually encounter problems such as insufficient stability and biocompatibility, and thus a specific RNA-targeting fluorescent nanoprobe that can be used in the living cells is urgently desired. Here, the de novo design and microwave-assisted synthesis of a novel RNA-targeting, red-emissive carbon dots (named as M-CDs) are reported by choosing neutral red and levofloxacin as precursors. The as-synthesized M-CDs is water-soluble with a high fluorescence quantum yield of 22.83% and can selectively bind to RNA resulting in an enhanced red fluorescence. More interestingly, such an RNA-targeting, red-emissive M-CDs can be fast internalized into cells within 5 s and thus used for real-time imaging the dynamic process of intracellular stress granules under oxidative stress, revealing some characteristics of granules that have not been identified by previously reported RNA and protein biomarkers. This research paves a new pathway for visualizing bulk RNA dynamics and studying phase-separation behaviors in living cells by rational design of the fluorescent carbon dots in terms of structure and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 23060, P. R. China
| | - Wanwan Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 23060, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 23060, P. R. China
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Zhu J, Hu L, Meng X, Li F, Wang W, Shi G, Wang Z. Synergism of Photo-Induced Electron Transfer and Aggregation-Induced Quenching Mechanisms for Highly Sensitive Detection of Silver Ion and Captopril. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093650. [PMID: 37175061 PMCID: PMC10180011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanoprobes, with excellent physicochemical performance and biocompatibility, are a kind of ideal nanomaterial for biosensing. Herein, we designed and prepared novel oxygen-doped nitrogen-enrichment carbon nanoribbons (ONCNs) with an excellent optical performance and uniform morphology, which could be used as a dual-mode fluorescence probe for the detection of Ag+ ion and captopril (Ctl) based on the synergism of photo-induced electron transfer and aggregation-induced quenching mechanisms. By recording the changes in fluorescent intensities of ONCNs, the Ag+ ion and Ctl concentrations can be easily tested in real samples. The results displayed that two good linear relationships existed between the change in fluorescent intensity of ONCNs and the concentrations of Ag+ ion and Ctl in the ranges of 3 μM to 30 μM and 1 μM to 30 μM, with the detection limit of 0.78 µM and 74 nM, respectively. The proposed sensing platform has also been successfully applied for the Ctl analysis in commercial tablet samples based on its high selectivity, proving its value in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
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25
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Yu Y, Zeng Q, Tao S, Xia C, Liu C, Liu P, Yang B. Carbon Dots Based Photoinduced Reactions: Advances and Perspective. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207621. [PMID: 36737845 PMCID: PMC10131860 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seeking clean energy as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels is the inevitable choice to realize the sustainable development of the society. Photocatalytic technique is considered a promising energy conversion approach to store the abundant solar energy into other wieldy energy carriers like chemical energy. Carbon dots, as a class of fascinating carbon nanomaterials, have already become the hotspots in numerous photoelectric researching fields and particularly drawn keen interests as metal-free photocatalysts owing to strong UV-vis optical absorption, tunable energy-level configuration, superior charge transfer ability, excellent physicochemical stability, facile fabrication, low toxicity, and high solubility. In this review, the classification, microstructures, general synthetic methods, optical and photoelectrical properties of carbon dots are systematically summarized. In addition, recent advances of carbon dots based photoinduced reactions including photodegradation, photocatalytic hydrogen generation, CO2 conversion, N2 fixation, and photochemical synthesis are highlighted in detail, deep insights into the roles of carbon dots in various systems combining with the photocatalytic mechanisms are provided. Finally, several critical issues remaining in photocatalysis field are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Qingsen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Songyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Chongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
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26
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Wu Y, Chen X, Wu W. Multiple Stimuli-Response Polychromatic Carbon Dots for Advanced Information Encryption and Safety. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206709. [PMID: 36642825 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical information encryption and safety have aroused great attention since they are closely correlated to data protection and information safety. The development of multiple stimuli-response optical materials for constructing large-capacity information encryption and safety is very important for practical applications. Carbon dots (CDs) have many gratifying merits, such as polychromatic emission, diverse luminous categories, and stable physicochemical properties, and are considered as one of the most ideal candidates for information protection. Herein, carbon core, functional groups, solvents, and other crucial factors are reviewed for outputting polychromatic emission of multiple luminous categories. In particular, substrate engineering strategies have been emphasized for their critical role in yielding excellent optical features of multiple luminous categories. High-capacity information encryption and safety strategies are reviewed by relying on the rich optical properties of CDs, such as polychromatic emission, multiple luminous categories of fluorescence, afterglow, and upconversion, as well as external-stimuli-assisted optical changes. Some perspectives for preparing excellent CDs and further developing information security strategies are proposed. This review provides a good reference for the manipulation of polychromatic CDs and the development of next-generation information encryption and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfusheng Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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27
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Huang S, Song Y, Zhang JR, Chen X, Zhu JJ. Antibacterial Carbon Dots-Based Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207385. [PMID: 36799145 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and global spread of bacterial resistance to conventionally used antibiotics have highlighted the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents that might replace antibiotics. Currently, nanomaterials hold considerable promise as antimicrobial agents in anti-inflammatory therapy. Due to their distinctive functional physicochemical characteristics and exceptional biocompatibility, carbon dots (CDs)-based composites have attracted a lot of attention in the context of these antimicrobial nanomaterials. Here, a thorough assessment of current developments in the field of antimicrobial CDs-based composites is provided, starting with a brief explanation of the general synthesis procedures, categorization, and physicochemical characteristics of CDs-based composites. The many processes driving the antibacterial action of these composites are then thoroughly described, including physical destruction, oxidative stress, and the incorporation of antimicrobial agents. Finally, the obstacles that CDs-based composites now suffer in combating infectious diseases are outlined and investigated, along with the potential applications of antimicrobial CDs-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuexin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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28
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Shi S, Wang X, Li Z, Meng J, Chu X, Zhang P, Sun B, Zhang J, Gao Y, Xu W, Song Q, Xu X, Wu J, Zhou N. Multifunctional Integrated Superhydrophobic Coatings with Unique Fluorescence and Micro/Micro/Nano-Hierarchical Structures Enabled by In Situ Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7442-7453. [PMID: 36695810 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conferring versatility to superhydrophobic materials is extremely desirable to advance their utility. Herein, we have developed a superhydrophobic material with montmorillonite as microskeleton supports and in situ grown ZIF-8 nanoparticles and loaded them with newly developed fluorescent carbon dots. In situ growth of the ZIF-8 on OMMT constructs a dense nanoscale rough structure and meanwhile self-assembly generates abundant microporous, thus forming unique hierarchical microporous/microsheet/nanoparticle tri-tier micro and nano structures. Then the multifunctional superhydrophobic coating is fabricated by a facile spraying technique using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a multifunctional polymer binder. The PDMS/RB-CDs/ZIF-8@OMMT exhibits superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 164.7° and a water sliding angle of 1.4°, which also possesses good self-cleaning performance. Moreover, novel carbon dots are developed in this work which can confer unique fluorescent properties and photothermal properties to materials. Fluorescence characterization reveals the multiple emission peaks among 300-800 nm and excitation wavelength dependence and independence. Photothermal experiments unveil an efficient light-to-heat conversion caused by the light traps and absorption wavelengths associated with photothermal heating. Benefiting from the dense microporous/microsheet/nanoparticle structures, the superhydrophobicity is still maintained after 120 cycles of abrasion. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals a significant increase in impedance, which is associated with excellent corrosion resistance. The superhydrophobic coating also exhibits superior UV resistance and good thermal stability. Multifunctional fluorescent superhydrophobic materials will enable the development of various and potential applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoze Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Jiawen Meng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Xiaohong Chu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Baohong Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Juyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Yumeng Gao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Qiuxian Song
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210023, China
- Nanjing Zhou Ninglin Advanced Materials Technology Company Limited, Nanjing211505, China
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29
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Huang Q, Sun H, Lu C, Wang C, Xu S. Post-synthetic regulation of the fluorescence of CDs: insights into the fluorescence mechanism. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:353-360. [PMID: 36594675 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01632j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the origin of emission is fundamental in the field of carbon dots (CDs). Due to the lack of suitable in situ probing techniques, it is necessary to explore effective alternative methods that can accurately reflect the relationship between the emission and the composition of the functional groups of CDs. Herein, we propose a new method of post-synthetic treatment of CDs by photo-oxidation to investigate the origin of emission for CDs. After the addition of a photo-oxidant into pre-prepared CDs under UV irradiation, the fluorescence of CDs can be regulated from the original orange emission to the final green emission due to the damage of original functional groups and the formation of new functional groups on CDs during the post-treatment process. The abundant dynamic information about the functional groups and emissions of CDs during the visible and ready-to-monitor post-treatment process makes it possible to quantitatively analyze the origin of the emission of CDs. Our results suggest that the emission sub-peaks at 560 nm and 600 nm relate to the CD surface-state-associated -NH3+ groups, while the emission sub-peak at 537 nm or 494 nm is associated with the CD surface-state-associated -OH groups or the CD surface-state-associated carbonyl groups (CO). Under UV irradiation, the CD surface-state-associated -NH3+ groups can be continuously converted into the CD surface-state-associated -OH groups and the CD surface-state-associated carbonyl groups (CO), leading to the changed emission color of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongcan Sun
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changgui Lu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunlei Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuhong Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Xu KF, Jia HR, Wang Z, Feng HH, Li LY, Zhang R, Durrani S, Lin F, Wu FG. See the Unseen: Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Visualizing the Nucleolar Structures in Two Model Animals and In Vivo Drug Toxicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2205890. [PMID: 36634974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolus, which participates in many crucial cellular activities, is an ideal target for evaluating the state of a cell or an organism. Here, bright red-emissive carbon dots (termed CPCDs) with excitation-independent/polarity-dependent fluorescence emission are synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal reaction between congo red and p-phenylenediamine. The CPCDs can achieve wash-free, real-time, long-term, and high-quality nucleolus imaging in live cells, as well as in vivo imaging of two common model animals-zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Strikingly, CPCDs realize the nucleolus imaging of organs/flowing blood cells in zebrafish at a cellular level for the first time, and the superb nucleolus imaging of C. elegans suggests that the germ cells in the spermatheca probably have no intact nuclei. These previously unachieved imaging results of the cells/tissues/organs may guide the zebrafish-related studies and benefit the research of C. elegans development. More importantly, a novel strategy based on CPCDs for in vivo toxicity evaluation of materials/drugs (e.g., Ag+ ), which can visualize the otherwise unseen injuries in zebrafish, is developed. In conclusion, the CPCDs represent a robust tool for visualizing the structures and dynamic behaviors of live zebrafish and C. elegans, and may find important applications in cell biology and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Heng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Rufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Samran Durrani
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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Zhang Q, Du H, Xie S, Tian F, Long X, Liu S, Wu Y. Preparation of One-Emission Nitrogen-Fluorine-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Applications in Environmental Water Samples and Living Cells for ClO - Detection and Imaging. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 2023:7515979. [PMID: 37144174 PMCID: PMC10154095 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7515979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-) has received extensive attention owing to its significant roles in the immune defense and pathogenesis of numerous diseases. However, excessive or misplaced production of ClO- may pose certain diseases. Thus, to determine its biological functions in depth, ClO- should be tested in biosystems. In this study, a facile, one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-fluorine-doped carbon quantum dots (N, F-CDs) was developed using ammonium citrate tribasic, L-alanine, and ammonium fluoride as raw materials under hydrothermal conditions. The prepared N, F-CDs demonstrate not only strong blue fluorescence emission with a high fluorescence quantum yield (26.3%) but also a small particle size of approximately 2.9 nm, as well as excellent water solubility and biocompatibility. Meanwhile, the as-prepared N, F-CDs exhibit good performance in the highly selective and sensitive detection of ClO-. Thus, a wide concentration response range of 0-600 μM with a low limit of detection (0.75 μM) was favorably obtained for the N, F-CDs. Based on the excellent fluorescence stability, excellent water solubility, and low cell toxicity, the practicality and viability of the fluorescent composites were also successfully verified via detecting ClO- in water samples and living RAW 264.7 cells. The proposed probe is expected to provide a new approach for detecting ClO- in other organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchun Zhang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Haijiang Du
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Siqi Xie
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Fengling Tian
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Xixi Long
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Yun Wu
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi 562400, China
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32
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Chen L, Wang CF, Liu C, Chen S. Facile Access to Fabricate Carbon Dots and Perspective of Large-Scale Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022:e2206671. [PMID: 36479832 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with particle sizes < 10 nm, are constantly being developed for potential large-scale applications. Recently, methods allow CD synthesis to be carried out on large-scale preparation in a controlled fashion are potentially important for multiple disciplines, including bottom-up strategy, top-down method. In this review, the recent progresses in the research of the methods for large-scale production of CDs and their functionalization are summarized. Especially, the methods of CD synthesis, such as large-scale preparation, hydrothermal/solvothermal, microwave-assisted, magnetic hyperthermia microfluidic and other methods, along with functionalization of CDs, are summarized in detail. By promising applications of CDs, there are three aspects have been already reported, such as enhancing mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and energy storage. Also, future development of CDs is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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33
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Carbon Dots Derived from Tea Polyphenols as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238627. [PMID: 36500718 PMCID: PMC9736769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an emerging cancer treatment method. Choosing the photosensitizer (PS) compounds is one of the essential factors that can influence the PDT effect and action. Carbon dots (CDs) have shown great potential as photosensitizers in PDT of cancers due to their excellent biocompatibility and high generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we used tea polyphenol as raw material for synthesized tea polyphenol carbon dots (T-CDs) that show dual emission bands of red and blue fluorescence and can efficiently generate hydroxyl radicals (OH) under mildly visible irradiation with a LED light (400-500 nm, 15 mW cm-2). The extremely low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility of T-CDs without light irradiation were tested using MTT and hemolytic assay. Further, T-CDs have been shown by in vivo experiments, using a mouse breast cancer cell line (4T1) subcutaneously injected in the back of the mouse buttock as a model, to effectively inhibit the tumor cell proliferation in solid tumors and show an excellent PDT effect. In addition, pathological sections of the mice tissues after further treatment showed that the T-CDs had no apparent impact on the major organs of the mice and did not produce any side effect lesions. This work demonstrates that the as-synthesized T-CDs has the potential to be used as a PS in cancer treatment.
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Wang Y, Li X, Zhao S, Wang B, Song X, Xiao J, Lan M. Synthesis strategies, luminescence mechanisms, and biomedical applications of near-infrared fluorescent carbon dots. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wan C, Hu M, Peng X, Lei N, Ding H, Luo Y, Yu X. Novel multifunctional dexamethasone carbon dots synthesized using the one-pot green method for anti-inflammatory, osteogenesis, and osteoimmunomodulatory in bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6291-6306. [PMID: 36135326 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01153k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration is still a major orthopedic challenge. The process of bone regeneration is often disrupted by inflammation. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to aggravated inflammation and even hinder tissue repairs. Therefore, inhibiting the inflammatory response during the process of bone regeneration and promoting bone tissue regeneration under inflammatory conditions are the goals that need to be achieved urgently. In this work, dexamethasone carbon dots (DCDs) were developed by a one-pot facile hydrothermal method using citric acid, ammonium fluoride, and a trace amount of dexamethasone. The obtained DCDs exhibited good biocompatibility and could promote the differentiation of rBMSCs under both normal and inflammatory conditions. Owing to the abundant-reducing groups, DCDs could also scavenge ROS (˙OH) and retain the pharmacological activity of dexamethasone, thereby reducing the inflammatory response. Moreover, DCDs presented a good osteoimmunomodulatory activity to induce a bone immune microenvironment and further promote the differentiation of BMSCs. DCDs could promote macrophage phenotype switching (from M1-type macrophages to M2-type macrophages) under inflammatory conditions, which was beneficial to the anti-inflammatory response. All in all, DCDs could reduce the inflammatory response of bone tissue and accelerate bone regeneration in combination with the regulation of the bone immune. Undoubtedly, it also provided a new idea for developing a novel carbon nanomaterial for repairing bone tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
| | - Mengyue Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
| | - Xu Peng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China. .,Experimental and Research Animal Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
| | - Hongmei Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
| | - Yihao Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
| | - Xixun Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China.
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Durrani S, Zhang J, Pang AP, Gao Y, Wang TY, Wang H, Wu FG, Lin F. Carbon dots for multicolor cell imaging and ultra-sensitive detection of multiple ions in living cells: One Stone for multiple Birds. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113260. [PMID: 35500853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given the significant impact of ions on environment pollution and human health, it is urgently needed to establish effective and convenient ion detection approaches, particularly in living cells. In this paper, we constructed multicolor N-doped-carbon dots (mPD-CDs) by facile one-step hydrothermal carbonization of m-phenylenediamine (mPD). mPD-CDs were successfully deployed for multicolor cellular imaging for animal cells, fungi, and bacteria in a wash-free way with high photostability and satisfactory biocompability. Moreover, mPD-CDs can be used as a fluorescent sensing probe for ultrasensitive detection of both iodide ion (I-) and typical heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd2+), copper (Cu2+), mercury (Hg2+), gadolinium (Gd3+), ferrous ion (Fe2+), Zinc (Zn2+), and ferric ion (Fe3+). This is the first report using CDs as optical sensing probe for the detection of Gd3+, and for detection of Fe3+ with fluorescence "turn on". More significantly, with these versatile and fascinating properties, we applied mPD-CDs for intracellular ion detection in living cells like Hep G2 and S. cerevisiae, and zebra fish. Altogether, mPD-CDs displayed great potential for multicolor cell imaging and the multiple ion detection in vitro and in vivo, presenting a promising strategy for in-situ ultrasensitive sensing of multiple metal ions in the environment and the biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samran Durrani
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ai-Ping Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yichen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tian-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fengming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Kumari R, Kumar A, Mishra NK, Sahu SK. Polymer-Induced Emission-Active Fluorine-Embedded Carbon Dots for the Preparation of Warm WLEDs with a High Color Rendering Index. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9389-9399. [PMID: 35853215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of many strategies has continuously contributed to producing aggregation-induced red-emissive carbon dots (CDs). In this work, we designed fluorine-embedded (F-embedded) CDs from 1,2,4-triaminobenzene, thiourea, and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) exhibiting polymer-induced emission (PIE). The PIE phenomenon of fluorescent CDs is obtained in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), showing emissions at 611 and 617 nm in the dispersed and solid states, respectively. The CDs exhibited a red shift of 28 nm in the PVA solution because PVA hydroxyl groups formed a robust bridge-like H-bonding network between CDs. The fluorine embedded in CDs enhanced the H-bond affinity toward PVA. It showed that this H-bond restricted the coupling of CDs' surface states and inhibited the nonirradiation transfer. For the solid state, surface PVA chains eliminated the π-π interaction of the conjugated core and constructed a self-quenching resistance polymeric system around CDs. As a result, CDs showed an unexpected red shift of fluorescence emission in PVA. Furthermore, white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) have a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5232 K, and a high color rendering index of 95 has been fabricated by integrating the red- and green-emissive films over the UV LEDs. Interestingly, the as-synthesized CDs showed room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), which enabled us to employ the CDs in double-security protection. Simultaneously, CDs have been used in fingerprint detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- Optical Materials and Bioimaging Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Sahu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
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Li B, Lu X, Tian Y, Li D. Embedding Multiphoton Active Units within Metal–Organic Frameworks for Turning on High‐Order Multiphoton Excited Fluorescence for Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206755. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
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Liu Y, Lei JH, Wang G, Zhang Z, Wu J, Zhang B, Zhang H, Liu E, Wang L, Liu T, Xing G, Ouyang D, Deng C, Tang Z, Qu S. Toward Strong Near-Infrared Absorption/Emission from Carbon Dots in Aqueous Media through Solvothermal Fusion of Large Conjugated Perylene Derivatives with Post-Surface Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202283. [PMID: 35652197 PMCID: PMC9376813 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted significant interest as one of the most emerging photoluminescence (PL) nanomaterials. However, the realization of CDs with dominant near-infrared (NIR) absorption/emission peaks in aqueous solution remains a great challenge. Herein, CDs with both main NIR absorption bands at 720 nm and NIR emission bands at 745 nm in an aqueous solution are fabricated for the first time by fusing large conjugated perylene derivatives under solvothermal treatment. With post-surface engineering, the polyethyleneimine modified CDs (PEI-CDs) exhibit enhanced PL quantum yields (PLQY) up to 8.3% and 18.8% in bovine serum albumin aqueous and DMF solutions, which is the highest PLQY of CDs in NIR region under NIR excitation. Density functional theory calculations support the strategy of fusing large conjugated perylene derivatives to achieve NIR emissions from CDs. Compared to the commercial NIR dye Indocyanine green, PEI-CDs exhibit excellent photostability and much lower cost. Furthermore, the obtained PEI-CDs illustrate the advantages of remarkable two-photon NIR angiography and in vivo NIR fluorescence bioimaging. This work demonstrates a promising strategy of fusing large conjugated molecules for preparing CDs with strong NIR absorption/emission to promote their bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Liu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME)University of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Josh Haipeng Lei
- Cancer CenterFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
- MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Gang Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME)University of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Cancer CenterFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
- MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Jun Wu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME)University of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME)University of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME)University of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Enshan Liu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME)University of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Liming Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME)University of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Tzu‐Ming Liu
- Cancer CenterFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
- MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME)University of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Chu‐Xia Deng
- Cancer CenterFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
- MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME)University of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
- MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Songnan Qu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME)University of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
- MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision OncologyUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
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Photoluminescence mechanisms of red-emissive carbon dots derived from non-conjugated molecules. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1450-1457. [PMID: 36546188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) have been widely studied because of their potential application in tissue imaging and optoelectronic devices. At present, most R-CDs are synthesized by using aromatic precursors, but the synthesis of R-CDs from non-aromatic precursors is challenging, and the emission mechanism remains unclear. Herein, different R-CDs were rationally synthesized using citric acid (CA), a prototype non-aromatic precursor, with the assistance of ammonia. Their structural evolution and optical mechanism were investigated. The addition of NH3·H2O played a key role in the synthesis of CA-based R-CDs, which shifted the emission wavelength of CA-based CDs from 423 to 667 nm. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis indicated that the amino groups served as N dopants and promoted the formation of localized conjugated domains through an intermolecular amide ring, thereby inducing a significant emission redshift. The red-emissive mechanism of CDs was further confirmed by control experiments using other CA-like molecules (e.g., aconitic acid, tartaric acid, aspartic acid, malic acid, and maleic acid) as precursors. MS, nuclear magnetic resonance characterization, and computational modeling revealed that the main carbon chain length of CA-like precursors tailored the cyclization mode, leading to hexatomic, pentatomic, unstable three/four-membered ring systems or cyclization failure. Among these systems, the hexatomic ring led to the largest emission redshift (244 nm, known for CA-based CDs). This work determined the origin of red emission in CA-based CDs, which would guide research on the controlled synthesis of R-CDs from other non-aromatic precursors.
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41
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Li J, Zhang L, Chen J, Zhang R, Liu Z, Zhao J, Liu B, Han MY, Han G, Zhang Z. One-step synthesized amphiphilic carbon dots for the super-resolution imaging of endoplasmic reticulum in live cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19424-19430. [PMID: 35865591 PMCID: PMC9255560 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02705d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy provides a powerful tool for visualizing the ultrastructure and dynamics of subcellular organelles, however, the photobleaching of organelle trackers have limited the application of STED imaging in living cells. Here, we report photostable and amphiphilic carbon dots (Phe-CDs) with bright orange fluorescence via a simple one-pot hydrothermal treatment of o-phenylenediamine and phenylalanine. The obtained Phe-CDs not only had high brightness (quantum yield ∼18%) but also showed excellent photostability under ultraviolet irradiation. The CDs can quickly penetrate into cells within 2 min and are specific for intracellular ER. The further investigations by Phe-CDs revealed the reconstitution process of ER from loosely spaced tubes into a continuously dense network of tubules and sheets during cell division. Importantly, compared with the standard microscopy, STED super-resolution imaging allowed the tracking of the ER ultrastructure with a lateral resolution less than 100 nm and the pores within the ER network are clearly visible. Moreover, the three dimensional (3D) structure of ER was also successfully reconstructed from z-stack images due to the excellent photostability of Phe-CDs. Amphiphilic carbon dots (Phe-CDs) were synthesized directly via one-step hydrothermal reaction for specific ER targeting without further modification. The Phe-CDs were photostable enough to allow STED super-resolution imaging of ER in live cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Longdi Zhang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China
| | - Guangmei Han
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China .,Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China
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Li B, Lu X, Tian Y, Li D. Embedding Multiphoton Active Units within Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Turning on High‐Order Multiphoton Excited Fluorescence for Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Anhui University Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology CHINA
| | - Xin Lu
- Anhui University Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology CHINA
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Anhui University Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology CHINA
| | - Dandan Li
- Anhui University Institutes of physics science and information technology jiulong road 230601 Hefei CHINA
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Wu RS, Lin YS, Nain A, Unnikrishnan B, Lin YF, Yang CR, Chen TH, Huang YF, Huang CC, Chang HT. Evaluation of chemotherapeutic response in living cells using subcellular Organelle‒Selective amphipathic carbon dots. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 211:114362. [PMID: 35617797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of structural changes in subcellular organelles is critical to evaluate the chemotherapeutic response of cells. However, commercial organelle selective fluorophores are easily photobleached, and thus are unsuitable for real-time and long-term observation. We have developed photostable carbon-dot liposomes (CDsomes)-based fluorophores for organellar and suborganellar imaging to circumvent these issues. The CDs synthesized through a mild pyrolysis/hydrolysis process exhibit amphipathic nature and underwent self-assembly to form liposome-like structures (CDsomes). The controlled hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity-guided preparation of CDsomes are used to selectively and rapidly (<1 min) stain nucleolus, cytoplasm, and membrane. In addition, the CDsomes offer universal high-contrast staining not only in fixed cells but also in living cells, allowing real-time observation and morphological identification in the specimen. The as-prepared CDsomes exhibit excitation-dependent fluorescence, and are much more stable under photoirradiation (e.g., ultraviolet light) than traditional subcellular dyes. Interestingly, the CDsomes can be transferred to daughter cells by diluting the particles, enabling multigenerational tracking of suborganelle for up to six generations, without interrupting the staining pattern. Therefore, we believe that the ultra-photostable CDsomes with high biocompatibility, and long-term suborganellar imaging capabilities, hold a great potential for screening and evaluating therapeutic performance of various chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Siang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Amit Nain
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ruei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Heng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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44
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Wang B, Cai H, Waterhouse GIN, Qu X, Yang B, Lu S. Carbon Dots in Bioimaging, Biosensing and Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Huijuan Cai
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | | | - Xiaoli Qu
- Erythrocyte Biology Laboratory School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
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45
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Zhang H, Wang G, Zhang Z, Lei JH, Liu TM, Xing G, Deng CX, Tang Z, Qu S. One step synthesis of efficient red emissive carbon dots and their bovine serum albumin composites with enhanced multi-photon fluorescence for in vivo bioimaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:113. [PMID: 35477575 PMCID: PMC9046223 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient red emissive carbon dots (CDs) in aqueous solutions are very scarce for high performance bioimaging applications. In this work, we report a one-step solvothermal treatment to synthesize pure red emissive CDs (FA-CDs) from citric acid and urea in formic acid without complicated purification procedures. Photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 43.4% was observed in their dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. High PLQY up to 21.9% in aqueous solutions was achieved in their bovine serum albumin (BSA) composites (FA-CDs@BSA) with significantly enhanced multi-photon fluorescence. The strong surface electron-withdrawing structure of FA-CDs caused by the high content of C = O groups contributes for their pure red emission. Owing to the significantly enhanced single and multi-photon red fluorescence and enlarged particle sizes after composing with BSA, in vivo tumor imaging and two-photon fluorescence imaging of blood vessels in mouse ear have been realized via intravenous injection of FA-CDs@BSA aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Zhang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Josh Haipeng Lei
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Songnan Qu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
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46
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Wu X, Abbas K, Yang Y, Li Z, Tedesco AC, Bi H. Photodynamic Anti-Bacteria by Carbon Dots and Their Nano-Composites. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:487. [PMID: 35455484 PMCID: PMC9032997 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse of many types of broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to increased antimicrobial resistance. As a result, the development of a novel antibacterial agent is essential. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is becoming more popular due to its advantages in eliminating drug-resistant strains and providing broad-spectrum antibacterial resistance. Carbon dots (CDs), zero-dimensional nanomaterials with diameters smaller than 10 nm, offer a green and cost-effective alternative to PACT photosensitizers. This article reviewed the synthesis methods of antibacterial CDs as well as the recent progress of CDs and their nanocomposites in photodynamic sterilization, focusing on maximizing the bactericidal impact of CDs photosensitizers. This review establishes the base for future CDs development in the PACT field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (X.W.); (K.A.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.T.)
| | - Khurram Abbas
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (X.W.); (K.A.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.T.)
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (X.W.); (K.A.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.T.)
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (X.W.); (K.A.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (X.W.); (K.A.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.T.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;
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47
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Pan Y, Wei Z, Ma M, Zhang X, Chi Z, He Y, Wang X, Ran X, Guo L. Broadened optical absorption, enhanced photoelectric conversion and ultrafast carrier dynamics of N, P co-doped carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5794-5803. [PMID: 35352741 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00211f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted extensive attention for their unique properties and promising applications in many fields. Many efforts have been made to improve the optical and physicochemical properties of CDs using an atomic doping strategy; however, the photoelectric properties of CD-based devices have been less studied and the photocurrent density is far from satisfactory for practical operation. Deep understanding of the doping effects on the electronic structure and photophysical properties of CDs is fundamental and essential for effectively improving the optical and photoelectrical performance of CD-based devices. Here, we have synthesized nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) co-doped CDs (N, P-CDs) through a one-step hydrothermal approach, and systematically investigated the effects of P-dopants on the improved optical and photoelectric properties of N, P-CDs. The introduction of P atoms into N-CDs significantly changes the electronic structure and extends the absorption spectral region, enhancing the light-harvesting ability of N, P-CDs. Meanwhile, the regulated carrier dynamics have been investigated using time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. We found that the carrier recombination was decreased with introducing P atoms, and the photogenerated electrons in the higher excited states could be efficiently transferred to the lowest excited state. Moreover, the photocurrent density of N, P-CDs was increased by twelve times compared with that of N-CDs. Therefore, the effective doping of P atoms can significantly regulate the electronic structure, optical properties, carrier dynamics and photoelectric conversion of N, P-CDs. The achieved broadband light-harvesting, good photoelectric properties and photostability of the as-prepared N, P-CDs demonstrate an important example of P-doping to improve the optical and photoelectrical properties of CD-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Pan
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Zhongran Wei
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Mengdi Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Zhen Chi
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yulu He
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xia Ran
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lijun Guo
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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48
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Hallaji Z, Bagheri Z, Oroujlo M, Nemati M, Tavassoli Z, Ranjbar B. An insight into the potentials of carbon dots for in vitro live-cell imaging: recent progress, challenges, and prospects. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:190. [PMID: 35419708 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a strong alternative to conventional fluorescent probes for cell imaging due to their brightness, photostability, tunable fluorescence emission, low toxicity, inexpensive preparation, and chemical diversity. Improving the targeting efficiency by modulation of the surface functional groups and understanding the mechanisms of targeted imaging are the most challenging issues in cell imaging by CDs. Firstly, we briefly discuss important features of fluorescent CDs for live-cell imaging application in this review. Then, the newest modulated CDs for targeted live-cell imaging of whole-cell, cell organelles, pH, ions, small molecules, and proteins are elaborately discussed, and their challenges in these fields are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hallaji
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Oroujlo
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Nemati
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tavassoli
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran.
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49
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Truskewycz A, Yin H, Halberg N, Lai DTH, Ball AS, Truong VK, Rybicka AM, Cole I. Carbon Dot Therapeutic Platforms: Administration, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity, and Therapeutic Potential. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106342. [PMID: 35088534 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticles are often grouped under the broad umbrella term of "nanoparticles" when reported in the literature. However, for biomedical applications, their small sizes give them intimate interactions with biological species and endow them with unique functional physiochemical properties. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of ultrasmall nanoparticles which have demonstrated considerable biocompatibility and have been employed as potent theragnostic platforms. These particles find application for increasing drug solubility and targeting, along with facilitating the passage of drugs across impermeable membranes (i.e., blood brain barrier). Further functionality can be triggered by various environmental conditions or external stimuli (i.e., pH, temperature, near Infrared (NIR) light, ultrasound), and their intrinsic fluorescence is valuable for diagnostic applications. The focus of this review is to shed light on the therapeutic potential of CQDs and identify how they travel through the body, reach their site of action, administer therapeutic effect, and are excreted. Investigation into their toxicity and compatibility with larger nanoparticle carriers is also examined. The future of CQDs for theragnostic applications is promising due to their multifunctional attributes and documented biocompatibility. As nanomaterial platforms become more commonplace in clinical treatments, the commercialization of CQD therapeutics is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Truskewycz
- School of Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Hong Yin
- School of Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Nils Halberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Daniel T H Lai
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3011, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Agata Marta Rybicka
- Oncovet Clinical Research, Parc Eurasante, 80 Rue du Dr Alexandre Yersin, Loos, F-59120, France
| | - Ivan Cole
- School of Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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50
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Xu J, Liang Q, Li Z, Osipov VY, Lin Y, Ge B, Xu Q, Zhu J, Bi H. Rational Synthesis of Solid-State Ultraviolet B Emitting Carbon Dots via Acetic Acid-Promoted Fractions of sp 3 Bonding Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200011. [PMID: 35246877 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have received tremendous attention for their excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties. However, it remains a great challenge to obtain CDs with ultraviolet (UV, 200-400 nm) emission in solid state, which requires strict control of the CDs structure and overcoming the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). Herein, a new sp3 compartmentalization strategy is developed to meet these requirements, by employing acetic acid to promote fractions of sp3 bonding during the synthesis of CDs. It markedly decreases the size of sp2 conjugating units in the CDs, and shifts PL emission to the ultraviolet B (UVB) region (λmax = 308 nm). Moreover, sp2 domains are well spatially compartmentalized by sp3 domains and the ACQ effect is minimized, enabling the high quantum yield in solid state (20.2%, λex = 265 nm) with a narrow bandwidth of 24 nm and environmental robustness. The solid-state UVB emissive CDs are highly desired for application in photonic devices. Hence, a demo of UVB light-emitting diodes is fabricated for plant lighting, leading to a 29% increase of ascorbic acid content in the basil. Overall, a rational and efficient way to construct solid UVB-CDs phosphors for wide applications is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qingjing Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | | | - Yangjian Lin
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 42 South Hezuohua Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 42 South Hezuohua Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
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