1
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Chen Z, Peng H, Zhang J. An integrated electronic skin with biaxial sensitivity from a layered biphasic liquid metal/polymer film. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:4150-4158. [PMID: 38895822 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00543k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Research on electronic skin (e-skin) is dedicated to simulating natural skin for the perception of external mechanical stimuli. Currently, e-skin is ineffective in analyzing a single stimulus from different directions. This work successfully fabricates an integrated electronic skin (IES) with biaxial sensing capability through the combination of a biphasic liquid metal and porous foam. Remarkably different from traditional e-skin, the IES can analyze the type, strength, and area of an external mechanical stimulus from vertical and horizontal dimensions with a dual response (capacitive and resistive change, respectively). As a multifunctional sensor, the IES simultaneously responds to compression via capacitive change and tension via resistive change. Furthermore, 1000 cyclic compressions were conducted to confirm the electrical stability of the IES. Very subtle stimuli (e.g. thawing ice and touch) can be detected by the IES via biaxial detection. This work provides a new protocol for the development of future intelligent flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
- National Graduate College for Elite Engineers, Southeast University, Wuxi Campus, Wuxi, 214061, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Peng
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Jiuyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
- National Graduate College for Elite Engineers, Southeast University, Wuxi Campus, Wuxi, 214061, P. R. China.
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2
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Li Y, Chen Z, Zhang K, Wang S, Bu X, Tan J, Song W, Mu Z, Zhang P, Huang L. A Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Adjustable Detection Range Based on the Inflatable Dielectric Layer for Human-Computer Interaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:40250-40262. [PMID: 39031762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
As an essential component in wearable electronic devices and intelligent robots, flexible pressure sensors have enormous application value in fields such as healthcare, human-computer interaction, and intelligent perception. However, due to the complex and ever-changing pressure loads borne by sensors in different application scenarios, this also puts great demands on the flexible response and adjustment ability of a sensor's detection range. Therefore, developing a flexible pressure sensor with a wide and adjustable detection range, which can be applied flexibly under different pressure loads, is also a major challenge in current research. In this paper, we propose a flexible pressure sensor with a wide and adjustable detection range based on an inflatable adjustable safety airbag as the dielectric layer. This sensor uses inflatable airbags prepared using 3D printing technology and silicone reverse molding technology as the dielectric layer and achieves high sensitivity (0.6 kPa-1 to 1.19 kPa-1), wide detection range (220-1500 kPa), and flexible performance applicability by adjusting the air pressure inside the dielectric layer. At the same time, its simple production process, convenient production, fast response time (100 ms), and good stability provide the possibility for the flexible application of sensors in different pressure detection. The experimental results indicate that the sensor has enormous potential for applications in wearable devices, healthcare, human-computer interaction, and intelligent perception recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Li
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhifu Chen
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiaofei Bu
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jiapeng Tan
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Wenzheng Song
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhichao Mu
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Liangsong Huang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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3
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Xiao W, Cai X, Jadoon A, Zhou Y, Gou Q, Tang J, Ma X, Wang W, Cai J. High-Performance Graphene Flexible Sensors for Pulse Monitoring and Human-Machine Interaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32445-32455. [PMID: 38870411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Flexible sensors are of great interest due to their potential applications in human physiological signal monitoring, wearable devices, and healthcare. However, sensor devices employed for cardiovascular testing are normally bulky and expensive, which hamper wearability and point-of-care use. Herein, we report a simple method for preparing multifunctional flexible sensors using hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O) as the reducing agent, graphene as the active material, and polyethylene (PE) tape as the encapsulation material. The flexible sensor produced with this method has a low detection limit of 100 mg, a fast response and recovery time of 40 and 20 ms, and shows no performance degradation even after up to 30,000 motion cycles. The sensors we have developed are capable of monitoring the pulse with relative accuracy, which presents an opportunity to replace bulky devices and normalize cardiovascular testing in the future. In order to further broaden the application field, the sensor is installed as a sensor array to recognize objects of different weights and shapes, showing that the sensor has excellent application potential in wearable artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Xiao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Aniqa Jadoon
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, PR China
| | - Quan Gou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, PR China
| | - Junwen Tang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, PR China
| | - Weiyao Wang
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, PR China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650000, PR China
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4
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Wang L, Zhang P, Gao Z, Wen D. Artificial Tactile Sensing Neuron with Tactile Sensing Ability Based on a Chitosan Memristor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308610. [PMID: 38482740 PMCID: PMC11109609 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the highly parallel network structure of the biological neural network and its triggered processing mode, tactile sensory neurons can realize the perception of external signals and the functions of perception, memory, and data processing by adjusting the synaptic weight. In this paper, a piezoresistive pressure sensor is combined with a memristor to design an artificial tactile sensory neuron. The polyurethane sponge sensor has excellent sensitivity and can convert physical stimuli into electrical signals, and the chitosan-based memristor has stable bipolar resistive switching characteristics, allowing further information to be memorized and processed. The neuron can respond to tactile stimuli of different degrees, durations, and frequencies; realize potentiation/depression modulation, paired-pulse facilitation, and spike-timing-dependent plasticity; exhibit spike-rate-dependent plasticity; and store and erase tactile information through memistor state switching, which has great application potential in biological sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Electronic EngineeringHeilongjiang UniversityHarbin150080China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Electronic EngineeringHeilongjiang UniversityHarbin150080China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- School of Electronic EngineeringHeilongjiang UniversityHarbin150080China
| | - Dianzhong Wen
- School of Electronic EngineeringHeilongjiang UniversityHarbin150080China
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Zhang N, Zhu J, Bai N, Hou X, Sun T, Li G, Zhao L, Chen Y, Wang L, Guo CF. Ultrafast piezocapacitive soft pressure sensors with over 10 kHz bandwidth via bonded microstructured interfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3048. [PMID: 38589497 PMCID: PMC11001880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors can convert mechanical stimuli to electrical signals to interact with the surroundings, mimicking the functionality of the human skins. Piezocapacitive pressure sensors, a class of most widely used devices for artificial skins, however, often suffer from slow response-relaxation speed (tens of milliseconds) and thus fail to detect dynamic stimuli or high-frequency vibrations. Here, we show that the contact-separation behavior of the electrode-dielectric interface is an energy dissipation process that substantially determines the response-relaxation time of the sensors. We thus reduce the response and relaxation time to ~0.04 ms using a bonded microstructured interface that effectively diminishes interfacial friction and energy dissipation. The high response-relaxation speed allows the sensor to detect vibrations over 10 kHz, which enables not only dynamic force detection, but also acoustic applications. This sensor also shows negligible hysteresis to precisely track dynamic stimuli. Our work opens a path that can substantially promote the response-relaxation speed of piezocapacitive pressure sensors into submillisecond range and extend their applications in acoustic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ningning Bai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xingyu Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- Science and Technology Committee, Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd., Shanghai, 200126, China.
| | - Liu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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6
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Lee JH, Cho K, Kim JK. Age of Flexible Electronics: Emerging Trends in Soft Multifunctional Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310505. [PMID: 38258951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
With the commercialization of first-generation flexible mobiles and displays in the late 2010s, humanity has stepped into the age of flexible electronics. Inevitably, soft multifunctional sensors, as essential components of next-generation flexible electronics, have attracted tremendous research interest like never before. This review is dedicated to offering an overview of the latest emerging trends in soft multifunctional sensors and their accordant future research and development (R&D) directions for the coming decade. First, key characteristics and the predominant target stimuli for soft multifunctional sensors are highlighted. Second, important selection criteria for soft multifunctional sensors are introduced. Next, emerging materials/structures and trends for soft multifunctional sensors are identified. Specifically, the future R&D directions of these sensors are envisaged based on their emerging trends, namely i) decoupling of multiple stimuli, ii) data processing, iii) skin conformability, and iv) energy sources. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for these sensors in future are discussed, offering new insights into prospects in the fast-emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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7
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Cheng X, Shen Z, Zhang Y. Bioinspired 3D flexible devices and functional systems. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad314. [PMID: 38312384 PMCID: PMC10833470 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible devices and functional systems with elaborated three-dimensional (3D) architectures can endow better mechanical/electrical performances, more design freedom, and unique functionalities, when compared to their two-dimensional (2D) counterparts. Such 3D flexible devices/systems are rapidly evolving in three primary directions, including the miniaturization, the increasingly merged physical/artificial intelligence and the enhanced adaptability and capabilities of heterogeneous integration. Intractable challenges exist in this emerging research area, such as relatively poor controllability in the locomotion of soft robotic systems, mismatch of bioelectronic interfaces, and signal coupling in multi-parameter sensing. By virtue of long-time-optimized materials, structures and processes, natural organisms provide rich sources of inspiration to address these challenges, enabling the design and manufacture of many bioinspired 3D flexible devices/systems. In this Review, we focus on bioinspired 3D flexible devices and functional systems, and summarize their representative design concepts, manufacturing methods, principles of structure-function relationship and broad-ranging applications. Discussions on existing challenges, potential solutions and future opportunities are also provided to usher in further research efforts toward realizing bioinspired 3D flexible devices/systems with precisely programmed shapes, enhanced mechanical/electrical performances, and high-level physical/artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhangming Shen
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Wang J, Chen R, Ji D, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhou W, Luo T. Integrating In-Plane Thermoelectricity and Out-Plane Piezoresistivity for Fully Decoupled Temperature-Pressure Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307800. [PMID: 37948417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A flexible sensor that simultaneously senses temperature and pressure is crucial in various fields, such as human-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and biomedical applications. Previous research has mainly focused on single-function flexible sensors for e-skins or smart devices, and integrated bimodal sensing of temperature and pressure without complex crosstalk decoupling algorithms remains challenging. In this work, a flexible bimodal sensor is proposed that utilizes spatial orthogonality between in-plane thermoelectricity and out-plane piezoresistivity, which enables fully decoupled temperature-pressure sensing. The proposed bimodal sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 281.46 µV K-1 for temperature sensing and 2.181 kPa-1 for pressure sensing. In the bimodal sensing mode, the sensor exhibits negligible mutual interference, providing a measurement error of ± 7% and ± 8% for temperature and pressure, respectively, within a 120 kPa pressure range and a 40 K temperature variation. Additionally, simultaneous spatial mapping of temperature and pressure with a bimodal sensor array enables contact shape identification with enhanced accuracy beyond the limit imposed by the number of sensing units. The proposed integrated bimodal sensing strategy does not require complex crosstalk decoupling algorithms, which represents a significant advancement in flexible sensors for applications that necessitate simultaneous sensing of temperature and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
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9
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Lu C, Gao Y, Chan X, Yu W, Wang H, Hu L, Li L. A cross-scale honeycomb architecture-based flexible piezoresistive sensor for multiscale pressure perception and fine-grained identification. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:510-518. [PMID: 37975415 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Trade-off between sensitivity and the pressure sensing range remains a great challenge for flexible pressure sensors. Micro-nano surface structure-based sensors usually show high sensitivity only in a limited pressure regime, while porous structure-based sensors possess a broad pressure-response range with sensitivity being sacrificed. Here, we report a design strategy based on a cross-scale architecture consisting of a microscale tip and macroscale base, which provides continuous deformation ability over a broad pressure regime (10-4-104 kPa). The cross-scale honeycomb architecture (CHA)-based piezoresistive sensor exhibits an excellent sensitivity over a wide pressure range (0.5 Pa-0.56 kPa: S1 ∼ 27.97 kPa-1; 0.56-20.40 kPa: S2 ∼ 2.30 kPa-1; 20.40-460 kPa: S3 ∼ 0.13 kPa-1). As a result, the CHA-based sensor shows multiscale pressure perception and fine-grained identification ability from 0.5 Pa to 40 MPa. Additionally, the cross-scale architecture will be a general structure to design other types of sensors for highly sensitive pressure perception in a wide pressure range and its unit size from microscale to macroscale is beneficial for large-scale preparation, compared with micro-nano surface structures or internal pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoao Chan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
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10
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Wang Q, Yao Z, Zhang C, Song H, Ding H, Li B, Niu S, Huang X, Chen C, Han Z, Ren L. A Selective-Response Hypersensitive Bio-Inspired Strain Sensor Enabled by Hysteresis Effect and Parallel Through-Slits Structures. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:26. [PMID: 37985532 PMCID: PMC10661685 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors are promising in sensing minuscule mechanical signals, and thereby widely used in various advanced fields. However, the effective integration of hypersensitivity and highly selective response into one flexible strain sensor remains a huge challenge. Herein, inspired by the hysteresis strategy of the scorpion slit receptor, a bio-inspired flexible strain sensor (BFSS) with parallel through-slit arrays is designed and fabricated. Specifically, BFSS consists of conductive monolayer graphene and viscoelastic styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer. Under the synergistic effect of the bio-inspired slit structures and flexible viscoelastic materials, BFSS can achieve both hypersensitivity and highly selective frequency response. Remarkably, the BFSS exhibits a high gage factor of 657.36, and a precise identification of vibration frequencies at a resolution of 0.2 Hz through undergoing different morphological changes to high-frequency vibration and low-frequency vibration. Moreover, the BFSS possesses a wide frequency detection range (103 Hz) and stable durability (1000 cycles). It can sense and recognize vibration signals with different characteristics, including the frequency, amplitude, and waveform. This work, which turns the hysteresis effect into a "treasure," can provide new design ideas for sensors for potential applications including human-computer interaction and health monitoring of mechanical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglie Song
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanliang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China.
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110167, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China.
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110167, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinguan Huang
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhai Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China.
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110167, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110167, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhu P, Sun H, Sun X, Ye Y, Jiang F. Superelastic Cellulose Sub-Micron Fibers/Carbon Black Aerogel for Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2310038. [PMID: 37963847 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Superelastic aerogels with rapid response and recovery times, as well as exceptional shape recovery performance even from large deformation, are in high demand for wearable sensor applications. In this study, a novel conductive and superelastic cellulose-based aerogel is successfully developed. The aerogel incorporates networks of cellulose sub-micron fibers and carbon black (SMF/CB) nanoparticles, achieved through a combination of dual ice templating assembly and electrostatic assembly methods. The incorporation of assembled cellulose sub-micron fibers imparts remarkable superelasticity to the aerogel, enabling it to retain 94.6% of its original height even after undergoing 10 000 compression/recovery cycles. Furthermore, the electrostatically assembled CB nanoparticles contribute to exceptional electrical conductivity in the cellulose-based aerogel. This combination of electrical conductivity and superelasticity results in an impressive response time of 7.7 ms and a recovery time of 12.8 ms for the SMF/CB aerogel, surpassing many of the aerogel sensors reported in previous studies. As a proof of concept, the SMF/CB aerogel is utilized to construct a pressure sensor and a sensing array, which exhibit exceptional responsiveness to both minor and substantial human motions, indicating its significant potential for applications in human health monitoring and human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Penghui Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hao Sun
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xia Sun
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuhang Ye
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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12
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Zhang C, Wu M, Cao S, Liu M, Guo D, Kang Z, Li M, Ye D, Yang Z, Wang X, Xie Z, Liu J. Bioinspired Environment-Adaptable and Ultrasensitive Multifunctional Electronic Skin for Human Healthcare and Robotic Sensations. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304004. [PMID: 37300351 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional electronic skins (e-skins) that can sense various stimuli have demonstrated increasing potential in many fields. However, most e-skins are human-oriented that cannot work in hash environments such as high temperature, underwater, and corrosive chemicals, impairing their applications, especially in human-machine interfaces, intelligent machines, robotics, and so on. Inspired by the crack-shaped sensory organs of spiders, an environmentally robust and ultrasensitive multifunctional e-skin is developed. By developing a polyimide-based metal crack-localization strategy, the device has excellent environment adaptability since polyimide has high thermal stability and chemical durability. The localized cracked part serves as an ultrasensitive strain sensing unit, while the non-cracked serpentine part is solely responsible for temperature. Since the two units are made of the same material and process, the signals are decoupled easily. The proposed device is the first multifunctional e-skin that can be used in harsh environments, therefore is of great potential for both human and robot-oriented applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Mengxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Shuye Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Mengjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Di Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Dong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhuoqing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro and Nano Fabrication, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Junshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
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13
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Liu YF, Wang W, Chen XF. Progress and prospects in flexible tactile sensors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1264563. [PMID: 37829569 PMCID: PMC10565956 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1264563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible tactile sensors have the advantages of large deformation detection, high fault tolerance, and excellent conformability, which enable conformal integration onto the complex surface of human skin for long-term bio-signal monitoring. The breakthrough of flexible tactile sensors rather than conventional tactile sensors greatly expanded application scenarios. Flexible tactile sensors are applied in fields including not only intelligent wearable devices for gaming but also electronic skins, disease diagnosis devices, health monitoring devices, intelligent neck pillows, and intelligent massage devices in the medical field; intelligent bracelets and metaverse gloves in the consumer field; as well as even brain-computer interfaces. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an overview of the current technological level and future development of flexible tactile sensors to ease and expedite their deployment and to make the critical transition from the laboratory to the market. This paper discusses the materials and preparation technologies of flexible tactile sensors, summarizing various applications in human signal monitoring, robotic tactile sensing, and human-machine interaction. Finally, the current challenges on flexible tactile sensors are also briefly discussed, providing some prospects for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Liu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-Fang Chen
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Xu X, Yan B. Bioinspired Luminescent HOF-Based Foam as Ultrafast and Ultrasensitive Pressure and Acoustic Bimodal Sensor for Human-Machine Interactive Object and Information Recognition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303410. [PMID: 37327479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bionic sensors have extensively served smart robots, medical equipment, and flexible wearable devices. The luminescent pressure-acoustic bimodal sensor can be treated as a remarkable, multifunctional, integrated bionic device. Here, a blue-emitting hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-TTA) as luminogen combines with melamine foam (MF), generating the flexible and elastic HOF-TTA@MF (1 and 2) as a pressure-auditory bimodal sensor. In the luminescent pressure sensing process, 1 has excellent maximum sensitivity (132.02 kPa-1 ), low minimum detection limit (0.0 1333 Pa), fast response time (20 ms), high precision and great recyclability. 2 as a luminescent auditory sensor exhibits the highest response to the 520 Hz sound at 255-1453 Hz. In the process of sensing sound at 520 Hz, 2 possesses high sensitivity (1 648 441.3 cps Pa-1 cm-2 ), low detection limit (0.36 dB) and ultrafast response time (10 ms) within 11.47-91.77 dB. The sensing mechanisms toward pressure and auditory are analyzed in detail by finite element simulation. Furthermore, 1 and 2, as a human-machine interactive bimodal sensor, can recognize nine different objects and word information of "Health", "Phone", and "TongJi" with high accuracy and strong robustness. This work provides a facile fabricated method of luminescent HOF-based pressure-auditory bimodal sensors and endows them with new recognition functions and dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
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15
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Liu S, Song Z, Chen M, Li W, Ma Y, Liu Z, Bao Y, Mahmood A, Niu L. Modulus difference-induced embedding strategy to construct iontronic pressure sensor with high sensitivity and wide linear response range. iScience 2023; 26:107304. [PMID: 37539034 PMCID: PMC10393752 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity and linearity are two crucial indices to assess the sensing capability of pressure sensors; unfortunately, the two mutually exclusive parameters usually result in limited applications. Although a series of microengineering strategies including micropatterned, multilayered, and porous approach have been provided in detail, the conflict between the two parameters still continues. Here, we present an efficient strategy to resolve this contradiction via modulus difference-induced embedding deformation. Both the microscopic observation and finite element simulation results confirm the embedding deformation behavior ascribed to the elastic modulus difference between soft electrode and rigid microstructures. The iontronic pressure sensor with high sensitivity (35 kPa-1) and wide linear response range (0-250 kPa) is further fabricated and demonstrates the potential applications in monitoring of high-fidelity pulse waveforms and human motion. This work provides an alternative strategy to guide targeted design of all-around and comprehensive pressure sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Liu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqian Song
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Minqi Chen
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Weiyan Li
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yingming Ma
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yu Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Azhar Mahmood
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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16
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Wang J, Zhang D, Wang D, Xu Z, Zhang H, Chen X, Wang Z, Xia H, Cai H. Efficient Fabrication of TPU/MXene/Tungsten Disulfide Fibers with Ultra-Fast Response for Human Respiratory Pattern Recognition and Disease Diagnosis via Deep Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37946-37956. [PMID: 37523446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Flexible wearable pressure sensors have received increasing attention as the potential application of flexible wearable devices in human health monitoring and artificial intelligence. However, the complex and expensive process of the conductive filler has limited its practical production and application on a large scale to a certain extent. This study presents a kind of piezoresistive sensor by sinking nonwoven fabrics (NWFs) into tungsten disulfide (WS2) and Ti3C2Tx MXene solutions. With the advantages of a simple production process and practicality, it is conducive to the realization of large-scale production. The assembled flexible pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (45.81 kPa-1), wide detection range (0-410 kPa), fast response/recovery time (18/36 ms), and excellent stability and long-term durability (up to 5000 test cycles). Because of the high elastic modulus of MXene and the synergistic effect between WS2 and MXene, the detection range and sensitivity of the piezoresistive pressure sensor are greatly improved, realizing the stable detection of human motion status in all directions. Meanwhile, its high sensitivity at low pressure allows the sensor to accurately detect weak signals such as weak airflow and wrist pulses. In addition, combining the sensor with deep-learning makes it easy to recognize human respiratory patterns with high accuracy, demonstrating its potential impact in the fields of ergonomics and low-cost flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zihu Wang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Haolin Cai
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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17
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Zhao R, He Y, He Y, Li Z, Chen M, Zhou N, Tao G, Hou C. Dual-Mode Fiber Strain Sensor Based on Mechanochromic Photonic Crystal and Transparent Conductive Elastomer for Human Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16063-16071. [PMID: 36917548 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important component of wearable and stretchable strain sensors, dual-mode strain sensors can respond to deformation via optical/electrical dual-signal changes, which have important applications in human motion monitoring. However, realizing a fiber-shaped dual-mode strain sensor that can work stably in real life remains a challenge. Here, we design an interactive dual-mode fiber strain sensor with both mechanochromic and mechanoelectrical functions that can be applied to a variety of different environments. The dual-mode fiber is produced by coating a transparent elastic conductive layer onto photonic fiber composed of silica particles and elastic rubber. The sensor has visualized dynamic color change, a large strain range (0-80%), and a high sensitivity (1.90). Compared to other dual-mode strain sensors based on the photonic elastomer, our sensor exhibits a significant advantage in strain range. Most importantly, it can achieve reversible and stable optical/electrical dual-signal outputs in response to strain under various environmental conditions. As a wearable portable device, the dual-mode fiber strain sensor can be used for real-time monitoring of human motion, realizing the direct interaction between users and devices, and is expected to be used in fields such as smart wearable, human-machine interactions, and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Zhao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue He
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Chen
- Sport and Health Initiative, Optical Valley Laboratory and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Sport and Health Initiative, Optical Valley Laboratory and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangming Tao
- Sport and Health Initiative, Optical Valley Laboratory and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chong Hou
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sport and Health Initiative, Optical Valley Laboratory and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China
- Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518063, China
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18
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Feng Z, He Q, Wang X, Lin Y, Qiu J, Wu Y, Yang J. Capacitive Sensors with Hybrid Dielectric Structures and High Sensitivity over a Wide Pressure Range for Monitoring Biosignals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6217-6227. [PMID: 36691890 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Various dielectrics with porous structures or high dielectric constants have been designed to improve the sensitivity of capacitive pressure sensors (CPSs), but this strategy has only been effective for the low-pressure range. Here, a hierarchical gradient hybrid dielectric, composed of low-permittivity (low-k) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam with low Young's modulus (low-E) and high-permittivity (high-k) MWCNT/PDMS foam with high Young's modulus (high-E), is designed to develop a CPS for monitoring biosignals over a wide force range. The foam-like structure with hybrid permittivity (low-k + high-k) is facilitated to improve the sensitivity, while the hierarchical structure with gradient Young's modulus (low-E + high-E) contributes to broadening the pressure sensing range. With the hierarchical gradient hybrid structure, the flexible pressure sensor achieves an enhanced sensitivity of 2.155 kPa-1, a wide pressure range (up to 500 kPa), a minimum detection limit (50 Pa), and an excellent durability (>2500 cycles). As a demonstration, a venous thrombosis simulation and smart insole system are established to monitor venous blood clots and plantar pressures, respectively, which reveal potential applications in wearable medicine, sports health prediction, athlete training, and sports equipment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Feng
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, P. R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, P. R. China
| | - Yinggang Lin
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, P. R. China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, P. R. China
| | - Yufen Wu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing400044, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, P. R. China
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19
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Guo X, Hong W, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Liu L, Li H, Wang Z, Wang D, Mai Z, Zhang T, Yang J, Zhang F, Xia Y, Hong Q, Xu Y, Yan F, Wang M, Xing G. Bioinspired Dual-Mode Stretchable Strain Sensor Based on Magnetic Nanocomposites for Strain/Magnetic Discrimination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205316. [PMID: 36394201 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, flexible stretchable sensors have been gaining attention for their excellent adaptability for electronic skin applications. However, the preparation of stretchable strain sensors that achieve dual-mode sensing while still retaining ultra-low detection limit of strain, high sensitivity, and low cost is a pressing task. Herein, a high-performance dual-mode stretchable strain sensor (DMSSS) based on biomimetic scorpion foot slit microstructures and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/graphene (GR)/silicone rubber (SR)/Fe3 O4 nanocomposites is proposed, which can accurately sense strain and magnetic stimuli. The DMSSS exhibits a large strain detection range (≈160%), sensitivity up to 100.56 (130-160%), an ultra-low detection limit of strain (0.16% strain), and superior durability (9000 cycles of stretch/release). The sensor can accurately recognize sign language movement, as well as realize object proximity information perception and whole process information monitoring. Furthermore, human joint movements and micro-expressions can be monitored in real-time. Therefore, the DMSSS of this work opens up promising prospects for applications in sign language pose recognition, non-contact sensing, human-computer interaction, and electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Target Recognition and Feature Extraction, Lu'an, 237010, China
| | - Weiqiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Hubei JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan, Hubei, 420000, China
| | - Zhihong Mai
- Hubei JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan, Hubei, 420000, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jinyang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fengzhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Bengbu Zhengyuan Electronics Technology Co., Ltd, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Qi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yaohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guozhong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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20
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Yoo H, Kim E, Chung JW, Cho H, Jeong S, Kim H, Jang D, Kim H, Yoon J, Lee GH, Kang H, Kim JY, Yun Y, Yoon S, Hong Y. Silent Speech Recognition with Strain Sensors and Deep Learning Analysis of Directional Facial Muscle Movement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54157-54169. [PMID: 36413961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silent communication based on biosignals from facial muscle requires accurate detection of its directional movement and thus optimally positioning minimum numbers of sensors for higher accuracy of speech recognition with a minimal person-to-person variation. So far, previous approaches based on electromyogram or pressure sensors are ineffective in detecting the directional movement of facial muscles. Therefore, in this study, high-performance strain sensors are used for separately detecting x- and y-axis strain. Directional strain distribution data of facial muscle is obtained by applying three-dimensional digital image correlation. Deep learning analysis is utilized for identifying optimal positions of directional strain sensors. The recognition system with four directional strain sensors conformably attached to the face shows silent vowel recognition with 85.24% accuracy and even 76.95% for completely nonobserved subjects. These results show that detection of the directional strain distribution at the optimal facial points will be the key enabling technology for highly accurate silent speech recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Jong Won Chung
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon16678, Korea
| | - Hyeon Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Sujin Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Heeseung Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Dongju Jang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Hayun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Jinsu Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Gae Hwang Lee
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon16678, Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kang
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon16678, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon16678, Korea
| | - Youngjun Yun
- Organic Material Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon16678, Korea
| | - Sungroh Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Yongtaek Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Hu B, Guo X, Wang D, Mai Z, Xing G. Stretchable Electrodes of Extremely Conductive and Stable Enabled by SWCNTs-Coated Prestretched Wool Yarn. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Computer Engineering, Shantou Polytechnic, ShanTou515000, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Huadong Photo-Electron IC Institute, BengbuAnhui233030, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits, AnHui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Hubei JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan, Hubei420000, China
| | - Zhihong Mai
- Hubei JiuFengShan Laboratory, Future Science and Technology City, Wuhan, Hubei420000, China
| | - Guoliang Xing
- Jilin Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Jilin132013, China
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Yu Y, Feng Y, Liu F, Wang H, Yu H, Dai K, Zheng G, Feng W. Carbon Dots-Based Ultrastretchable and Conductive Hydrogels for High-Performance Tactile Sensors and Self-Powered Electronic Skin. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022:e2204365. [PMID: 36135725 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Smart tactile sensing materials have excellent development prospects, including wearable health-monitoring equipment and energy collection. Hydrogels have received extensive attention in tactile sensing owing to their transparency and high elasticity. In this study, highly crosslinked hydrogels are fabricated by chemically crosslinking polyacrylamide with lithium magnesium silicate and decorated with carbon quantum dots. Magnesium lithium silicate provides abundant covalent bonds and improves the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. The luminescent properties endowed by the carbon dots further broaden the application of hydrogels for realizing flexible electronics. The hydrogel-based strain sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity (gauge factor 2.6), a broad strain response range (0-2000%), good cyclicity, and durability (1250). Strain sensors can be used to detect human motions. More importantly, the hydrogel can also be used as a flexible self-supporting triboelectric electrode for effectively detecting pressure in the range of 1-25 N and delivering a short-circuit current (ISC ) of 2.6 µA, open-circuit voltage (VOC ) of 115 V, and short-circuit transfer charge (QSC ) of 29 nC. The results reveal new possibilities for human-computer interactions and electronic robot skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yiyu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Huitao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Kun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
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