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Kim Y, Jung M, Kumar R, Choi JM, Lee EK, Lee J. n-Type Doping Effect of Anthracene-Based Cationic Dyes in Organic Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43774-43785. [PMID: 39115374 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
n-Type doping for improving the electrical characteristics and air stability of n-type organic semiconductors (OSCs) is important for realizing advanced future electronics. Herein, we report a selection method for an effective n-type dopant with an optimized structure and thickness based on anthracene cationic dyes with high miscibility induced by a molecular structure similar to that of OSCs. Among the doped OSCs evaluated, rhodamine B (RhoB)-doped OSC exhibits the highest density, a smallest roughness of 2.69 nm, a phase deviation of 0.85° according to atomic force microscopy measurements, and the highest electron mobility (μ), showing its high miscibility. Surface doping of RhoB affords the lowest contact resistance of 2.01 × 105 Ω cm compared to bulk and contact doping, resulting in an effective doping structure. The RhoB-doped OSC retains 81.63% of the original μ value of 6.13 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 after 15 days, whereas pristine OSC shows a lower μ of 2.33 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 and maintains only 4.41% of the original value after 15 days. Our findings demonstrate that this methodology is effective for the selection of a high-performance n-type dopant for OSCs toward the development of high-performance and air-stable n-type organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghee Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Minju Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Mo Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Jiyoul Lee
- Major of Semiconductor Engineering, Division of Nanotechnology and Semiconductor Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Sabir A, Zhang X, Jiang H, Wang W, Zheng X, Yang H. Highly Stretchable and Oriented Wafer-Scale Semiconductor Films for Organic Phototransistor Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36678-36687. [PMID: 38966894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable organic phototransistor arrays have potential applications in artificial visual systems due to their capacity to perceive ultraweak light across a broad spectrum. Ensuring uniform mechanical and electrical performance of individual devices within these arrays requires semiconductor films with large-area scale, well-defined orientation, and stretchability. However, the progress of stretchable phototransistors is primarily impeded by their limited electrical properties and photodetection capabilities. Herein, wafer-scale and well-oriented semiconductor films were successfully prepared using a solution shearing process. The electrical properties and photodetection capabilities were optimized by improving the polymer chain alignment. Furthermore, a stretchable 10 × 10 transistor array with high device uniformity was fabricated, demonstrating excellent mechanical robustness and photosensitive imaging ability. These arrays based on highly stretchable and well-oriented wafer-scale semiconductor films have great application potential in the field of electronic eye and artificial visual systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ayesha Sabir
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinran Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Wang H, Liu S, Li H, Li M, Wu X, Zhang S, Ye L, Hu X, Chen Y. Green Printing for Scalable Organic Photovoltaic Modules by Controlling the Gradient Marangoni Flow. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313098. [PMID: 38340310 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development in the performances of organic solar cells (OSCs), high-performance OSC modules based on green printing are still limited. The severe Coffee-ring effect (CRE) is considered to be the primary reason for the nonuniform distribution of active layer films. To solve this key printing problem, the cosolvent strategy is presented to deposit the active layer films. The guest solvent Mesitylene with a higher boiling point and a lower surface tension is incorporated into the host solvent o-XY to optimize the rheological properties, such as surface tension and viscosity of the active layer solutions. And the synergistic effect of inward Marangoni flow generation and solution thickening caused by the cosolvent strategy can effectively restrain CRE, resulting in highly homogeneous large-area active layer films. In addition, the optimized crystallization and phase separation of active layer films effectively accelerate the charge transport and exciton dissociation of devices. Consequently, based on PM6:BTP-eC9 system, the device prepared with the co-solvent strategy shows the a power conversion efficiency of 17.80%. Moreover, as the effective area scales to 1 and 16.94 cm2, the recorded performances are altered to 16.71% and 14.58%. This study provides a universal pathway for the development of green-printed high-efficiency organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Wang
- School of Physics and Materials Science/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Haojie Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Mingfei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xueting Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Science/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- School of Physics and Materials Science/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Science/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
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Lim S, Nguyen KV, Lee WH. Enhancing Sensitivity in Gas Detection: Porous Structures in Organic Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2862. [PMID: 38732968 PMCID: PMC11086080 DOI: 10.3390/s24092862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Gas detection is crucial for detecting environmentally harmful gases. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based gas sensors have attracted attention due to their promising performance and potential for integration into flexible and wearable devices. This review examines the operating mechanisms of OFET-based gas sensors and explores methods for improving sensitivity, with a focus on porous structures. Researchers have achieved significant enhancements in sensor performance by controlling the thickness and free volume of the organic semiconductor layer. Additionally, innovative fabrication techniques like self-assembly and etching have been used to create porous structures, facilitating the diffusion of target gas molecules, and improving sensor response and recovery. These advancements in porous structure fabrication suggest a promising future for OFET-based gas sensors, offering increased sensitivity and selectivity across various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Ben H, Yan G, Wang Y, Zeng H, Wu Y, Lin F, Zhao J, Du W, Zhang S, Zhou S, Pu J, Ye M, Ji H, Lv L. Self-Assembly Behavior, Aggregation Structure, and the Charge Carrier Transport Properties of S-Heterocyclic Annulated Perylene Diimide Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:1964. [PMID: 38731456 PMCID: PMC11085381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The construction of high-performance n-type semiconductors is crucial for the advancement of organic electronics. As an attractive n-type semiconductor, molecular systems based on perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs) have been extensively investigated over recent years. Owing to the fascinating aggregated structure and high performance, S-heterocyclic annulated PDIs (SPDIs) are receiving increasing attention. However, the relationship between the structure and the electrical properties of SPDIs has not been deeply revealed, restricting the progress of PDI-based organic electronics. Here, we developed two novel SPDIs with linear and dendronized substituents in the imide position, named linear SPDI and dendronized SPDI, respectively. A series of structural and property characterizations indicated that linear SPDI formed a long-range-ordered crystalline structure based on helical supramolecular columns, while dendronized SPDI, with longer alkyl side chains, formed a 3D-ordered crystalline structure at a low temperature, which transformed into a hexagonal columnar liquid crystal structure at a high temperature. Moreover, no significant charge carrier transport signal was examined for linear SPDI, while dendronized SPDI had a charge carrier mobility of 3.5 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 2.1 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the crystalline and liquid crystalline state, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of the structure-function relationship in PDIs, and also offer useful roadmaps for the design of high-performance organic electronics for down-to-earth applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Ben
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Gaojie Yan
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Nankai University, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Yulin Wang
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Huiming Zeng
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yuechao Wu
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Junhua Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Wanglong Du
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Shijia Zhou
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jingyu Pu
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Milan Ye
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Nankai University, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Liang Lv
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
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Jamshidi M, Gardner JM. Copper(I) Iodide Thin Films: Deposition Methods and Hole-Transporting Performance. Molecules 2024; 29:1723. [PMID: 38675543 PMCID: PMC11052123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of p-type semiconductors has garnered considerable attention in academia and industry. Among the potential candidates, copper iodide (CuI) stands out as a highly promising p-type material due to its conductivity, cost-effectiveness, and low environmental impact. CuI can be employed to create thin films with >80% transparency within the visible range (400-750 nm) and utilizing various low-temperature, scalable deposition techniques. This review summarizes the deposition techniques for CuI as a hole-transport material and their performance in perovskite solar cells, thin-film transistors, and light-emitting diodes using diverse processing methods. The preparation methods of making thin films are divided into two categories: wet and neat methods. The advancements in CuI as a hole-transporting material and interface engineering techniques hold promising implications for the continued development of such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Jamshidi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James M. Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang B, Yin X, Yu S, Wang H. Hysteresis-Free and Bias-Stable Organic Transistors Fabricated by Dip-Coating with a Vertical-Phase-Separation Structure. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1465. [PMID: 38611980 PMCID: PMC11012522 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The morphology of organic films plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of transistor devices. While the dip-coating technique is capable of producing highly oriented organic films, it often encounters challenges such as limited coverage and the presence of defects in gaps between strips, adversely affecting device performance. In this study, we address these challenges by increasing solution viscosity through the incorporation of a substantial proportion of dielectric polymers, thereby enhancing the participation of additional molecules during the film formation process when pulled up. This method produces continuous and oriented organic films with a notable absence of gaps, significantly improving the carrier mobility of transistor devices by more than twofold. Importantly, the fabricated devices exhibit remarkable reliability, showing no hysteresis even after 200 cycles of measurement. Furthermore, the current and threshold voltages of the devices demonstrate exceptional stability, maintaining steady after 10,000 s of bias measurement. This approach provides a solution for the cost-effective and large-scale production of organic transistors, contributing significantly to the advancement of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (B.W.)
| | - Xiaowen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (B.W.)
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Division of Energy Research Resources, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (B.W.)
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