1
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Zheng Y, Cui T, Wang J, Hu Y, Gui Z. Engineering robust and transparent dual-crosslinked hydrogels for multimodal sensing without conductive additives. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:14-23. [PMID: 38964121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are pivotal for the advancement of flexible sensors, electronic skin, and healthcare monitoring systems, facilitating transformative innovations. However, issues such as inadequate intrinsic compatibility, mismatched mechanical properties, and limited stability curtail their potential, resulting in compromised device efficacy and performance degradation. In this research, we engineered functional hydrogels featuring a dual-crosslinked network composed of (PA/PVA)-P(AM-AA) to address these challenges. This design eliminates the need for conductive additives, thereby enhancing intrinsic compatibility. Notably, the hydrogels exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, with high tensile strength (∼700 %), Young's modulus (∼5.33 MPa), increased strength (∼2.46 MPa) and toughness (∼6.59 MJ m-3). They also achieve a compressive strength of ∼7.33 MPa at 80 % maximal compressive strain and maintain about 89 % transparency. Moreover, flexible sensors derived from these hydrogels demonstrate enhanced multimodal sensing capabilities, including temperature, strain, and pressure detection, enabling precise monitoring of human movements. The integration of multiple hydrogels into a three-dimensional sensor array facilitates detailed spatial pressure distribution mapping. By strategically applying dual-crosslinked network engineering and eliminating conductive additives, we have streamlined the design and manufacturing of hydrogels to meet the rising demand for high-performance wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tianyang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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2
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Wang H, Zhang Q, Chen S, Liu X, Liu J, He W, Liu X. Highly Conductive Supramolecular Salt Gel Electrolyte for Flexible Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39356324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Conductive gels have greatly facilitated the development of flexible energy storage devices, including supercapacitors, batteries, and triboelectric nanogenerators. However, it is challenging for gel electrolytes to tackle the trade-off issues between mechanical properties and conductivity. Herein, a strategy of all inorganic salt-driven supramolecular networks is presented to construct gel electrolytes with high conductivity and reliable mechanical performance for flexible supercapacitors. The salt gel is successfully fabricated by combining a salt supramolecular network constructed by NH4Mo7O24·4H2O and FeCl3·6H2O and a polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol). The inorganic salt supramolecular network serves as a rigid self-supporting framework in the hydrogel system for improving the mechanical properties and providing abundant active sites for accelerating ion transport. Furthermore, the salt gel-enabled supercapacitors are equipped and exhibit a high specific capacitance (199.4 mF cm-2) and excellent energy density (27.69 μWh cm-2). Moreover, the flexible supercapacitors not only present remarkable cyclic stability after 3000 charging/discharging cycles but also exhibit good electrochemical stability even under severe deformation conditions. The strategy of salt-gel-driven flexible supercapacitors would provide fresh thinking for the development of advanced flexible energy storage fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuming Liu
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenwen He
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
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3
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Liu Y, Yu H, Zhou G, Peng M. Superhydrophobic, Anti-Freezing and Multi-Cross-Linked Wearable Hydrogel Strain Sensor for Underwater Gesture Recognition. ACS Sens 2024; 9:4617-4625. [PMID: 39193764 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogel is considered to be one of the most potential sensing materials for wearable strain sensors. However, both the hydrophilicity of polymer chains and high water content severely inhibit the potential applications of hydrogel-based sensors in extreme conditions. In this study, a multicross-linked hydrogel was prepared by simultaneously introducing a double-network matrix, multiple conductive fillers, and free-moving ions, which can withstand an ultralow temperature below -80 °C. A superhydrophobic Ecoflex layer with a water contact angle of 159.1° was coated on the hydrogel using simple spraying and laser engraving methods. Additionally, the smart glove integrating five hydrogel strain sensors with a microprocessor was developed to recognize 12 types of diving gestures and synchronously transmit recognition results to smartphones. The superhydrophobic and antifreezing hydrogel strain sensor proposed in this study emerges promising potentials in wearable electronics, human-machine interfaces, and underwater applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Liu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - He Yu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Guanya Zhou
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Mugen Peng
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
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4
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Zhang S, Sun R, Wang J, Jiang Z, Liu M, Chen H, Hu Z, Zhan X, Gao F, Zhang Q. Enhancement of hybrid organohydrogels by interpenetrating crosslinking strategies for multi-source signal recognition over a wide temperature range. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39319678 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00970c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
With substantial temperature differentials between summer and winter in polar regions, there exists a pressing necessity for flexible sensors capable of functioning across a broad temperature spectrum to facilitate the construction of a more intelligent human-machine interface. Nevertheless, developing flexible sensors resilient to extremely low temperatures remains a significant challenge. In this study, we present an organohydrogel capable of functioning ranging from ambient to -78 °C, enabling real-time monitoring of multi-source signals, including motion, physiology, speech, and pressure. We synthesize organohydrogel employing a singular methodology: interpenetrating network structures as matrix frameworks, dynamic hydrophobic linkages as the physical cross-linking points, and incorporating a bionic binder. H-Bonding and chain entanglement synergistic supramolecular interactions build the organohydrogel matrix with microphase-separated domains, which, together with the combination of binary solvents and inorganic salts, allows it to exhibit excellent properties, including large stretchability (≈1700%), high ionic conductivity (1.57 S m-1), admirable sensing sensitivity performance (gauge factor: GF = 6.47, S = 0.32 kPa-1), an exceptionally low-pressure detection threshold (≈1 Pa), enables wireless transmission of distress signals through human-machine interaction even at -78 °C, which makes it possible to use it in polar exploration and to give robots a "sense of touch" for a variety of deep-diving tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Rui Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhiqin Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Mingfang Liu
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Quzhou 324000, China.
- Donghai Laboratory of Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Quzhou 324000, China.
- Donghai Laboratory of Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
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5
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Gao J, Li X, Xu L, Yan M, Wang Q. Dual design strategy for carboxymethyl cellulose-polyaniline composite hydrogels as super-sensitive amphibious sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135630. [PMID: 39278445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels as ideal candidate materials for flexible sensors have exhibited many promising applications. However, complex application environments, such as low temperatures or underwater conditions, have introduced new requirements for hydrogel sensors. Herein, a high-performance conductive hydrogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose-polyaniline (CMC-PANI) submicron spheres, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and phytic acid (PA) was designed and fabricated via a dual design strategy. CMC-PANI particles were introduced to not only empower the good electromechanical performance to the hydrogels, but also enhance the mechanical properties. The obtained hydrogel exhibited good mechanical property, anti-freezing, anti-swellable behavior and recyclable performance. Resistive-type strain sensors assembled by the prepared hydrogels exhibited high pressure sensitivity (34.17×10-2 kPa-1) and fast response time (100 ms), which can clearly detect the pulse beats. Moreover, the hydrogel sensors can achieve long-term stability, high sensitivity and fatigue resistance as an underwater sensor. Based on these favorable performances, the conductive polymer hydrogels may open up an enticing avenue for functional soft materials in health diagnostic and electronic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lina Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Manqing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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6
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Ren Z, Guo F, Wen Y, Yang Y, Liu J, Cheng S. Strong and anti-swelling nanofibrous hydrogel composites inspired by biological tissue for amphibious motion sensors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39229702 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh01025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogel-based sensors are increasingly favored for flexible electronics due to their skin-like characteristics. However, conventional hydrogels suffer from significant swelling in humid environments and poor mechanical properties which largely restrict their applications in wearable electronic devices, especially for underwater sensing. Herein, drawing inspiration from the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, a TPU-PVAc@AgNPs/MXene nanofibrous hydrogel composite (TPAMH) with excellent mechanical robustness and anti-swelling properties is developed. The TPAMH nanofibrous hydrogel composite is created by integrating the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and MXene nanosheets into an interwoven network comprising of stiff TPU nanofibers as the fibril scaffold and formic acid-crosslinked PVA hydrogel fibers as the elastic matrix (PVAc). Benefiting from the unique ECM structure, the obtained nanofibrous hydrogel composites exhibit exceptional tensile strength (4.47 MPa), remarkable elongation at break (621%), excellent anti-swelling properties, and high detection sensitivity (maximum gauge factor = 105.02), which are sufficient to monitor body motions in both air and water environments effectively. They can detect large strain movements of fingers, elbows, wrists, and knees, as well as small strain physiological signals such as frown, smile, and pulse beats, with high accuracy. Particularly noteworthy is their ability to accurately identify underwater multidirectional motions and facilitate underwater smart alarms using Morse code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ren
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Guo
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Wen
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Jinxin Liu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Si Cheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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7
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Duan H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu P, Mao Y. Recent Advances of Stretchable Nanomaterial-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Sensors and Electrophysiological Signals Monitoring. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1398. [PMID: 39269060 PMCID: PMC11397736 DOI: 10.3390/nano14171398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Electrophysiological monitoring is a commonly used medical procedure designed to capture the electrical signals generated by the body and promptly identify any abnormal health conditions. Wearable sensors are of great significance in signal acquisition for electrophysiological monitoring. Traditional electrophysiological monitoring devices are often bulky and have many complex accessories and thus, are only suitable for limited application scenarios. Hydrogels optimized based on nanomaterials are lightweight with excellent stretchable and electrical properties, solving the problem of high-quality signal acquisition for wearable sensors. Therefore, the development of hydrogels based on nanomaterials brings tremendous potential for wearable physiological signal monitoring sensors. This review first introduces the latest advancement of hydrogels made from different nanomaterials, such as nanocarbon materials, nanometal materials, and two-dimensional transition metal compounds, in physiological signal monitoring sensors. Second, the versatile properties of these stretchable composite hydrogel sensors are reviewed. Then, their applications in various electrophysiological signal monitoring, such as electrocardiogram monitoring, electromyographic signal analysis, and electroencephalogram monitoring, are discussed. Finally, the current application status and future development prospects of nanomaterial-optimized hydrogels in wearable physiological signal monitoring sensors are summarized. We hope this review will inspire future development of wearable electrophysiological signal monitoring sensors using nanomaterial-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanchao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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8
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Chen Y, Wu W, Cao X, Li B. Induction of polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals in hydrogel nanocomposites to increase anti-swelling, mechanical properties and conductive self-recovery for underwater strain sensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133410. [PMID: 38925178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Anti-swelling conductive hydrogels with simultaneous high tensile strength (>1 MPa) and fast self-recovery are promising candidates for underwater strain sensing, but their preparation remains challenging. Herein, novel anti-swelling conductive nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated based on poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (P(AM-co-AA)), polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and Fe3+ ions through a strategy combining nano-reinforcing and multiple physical crosslinking. Due to the presence of interfacial H-bonds, polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals played important role in endowing hydrogels with anti-swelling capacity and enhanced mechanical performance. The obtained nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited relatively low swelling ratio (2.9-3.3 g/g), high tensile strength (>1.5 MPa), fast self-recovery (86 % recovery of hysteresis within 5 min) and conductivities of 0.0534-0.0593 S/m. The combination of excellent tensile properties and conductivity endowed the hydrogel-based strain sensors with good sensitivity (GF ≈ 0.8) and reliable cycling repeatability in 0-100 % strain range. Notably, the nanocomposite hydrogels can maintain their mechanical and sensing performance after soaking in water for 14 days, making them applicable for human motion detection both in air and underwater. Hence, this work provided a facile method to construct highly robust and anti-swelling CNC-reinforced conductive hydrogels, which have potential applications in underwater strain sensing and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xuzhi Cao
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Bengang Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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9
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Roy A, Zenker S, Jain S, Afshari R, Oz Y, Zheng Y, Annabi N. A Highly Stretchable, Conductive, and Transparent Bioadhesive Hydrogel as a Flexible Sensor for Enhanced Real-Time Human Health Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404225. [PMID: 38970527 PMCID: PMC11407428 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Real-time continuous monitoring of non-cognitive markers is crucial for the early detection and management of chronic conditions. Current diagnostic methods are often invasive and not suitable for at-home monitoring. An elastic, adhesive, and biodegradable hydrogel-based wearable sensor with superior accuracy and durability for monitoring real-time human health is developed. Employing a supramolecular engineering strategy, a pseudo-slide-ring hydrogel is synthesized by combining polyacrylamide (pAAm), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and poly 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (AETAc) bio ionic liquid (Bio-IL). This novel approach decouples conflicting mechano-chemical effects arising from different molecular building blocks and provides a balance of mechanical toughness (1.1 × 106 Jm-3), flexibility, conductivity (≈0.29 S m-1), and tissue adhesion (≈27 kPa), along with rapid self-healing and remarkable stretchability (≈3000%). Unlike traditional hydrogels, the one-pot synthesis avoids chemical crosslinkers and metallic nanofillers, reducing cytotoxicity. While the pAAm provides mechanical strength, the formation of the pseudo-slide-ring structure ensures high stretchability and flexibility. Combining pAAm with β-CD and pAETAc enhances biocompatibility and biodegradability, as confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. The hydrogel also offers transparency, passive-cooling, ultraviolet (UV)-shielding, and 3D printability, enhancing its practicality for everyday use. The engineered sensor demonstratesimproved efficiency, stability, and sensitivity in motion/haptic sensing, advancing real-time human healthcare monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Roy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shea Zenker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Saumya Jain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ronak Afshari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yavuz Oz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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10
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Han Y, Wang Z, Sun H, Chi Y, Li J, Zhang D, Liu H, Dong L, Liu C, Shen C. Temperature-Tolerant Versatile Conductive Zwitterionic Nanocomposite Organohydrogel toward Multisensory Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38606-38619. [PMID: 38980998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are emerging materials for next generation sensing systems in flexible electronics. However, the fabrication of competent CHs with excellent stretchability, adhesion, self-healing, photothermal conversion, multisensing, and environmental stability remains a huge challenge. Herein, a nanocomposite organohydrogel with the above features is constructed by in situ copolymerization of zwitterionic monomer and acrylamide in the existence of carboxylic cellulose nanofiber-carrying reduced graphene oxide (rGO) plus a solvent displacement strategy. The synergy of abundant dipole-dipole interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds enables the organohydrogel to exhibit high stretchability, strong adhesion, and good self-healing. The presence of glycerol weakens the formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules, endowing the organohydrogel with excellent environmental stability (-40 to 60 °C) to adapt to different application scenarios. Importantly, the multimodal organohydrogel presents excellent sensing behavior, including a high gauge factor of 16.3 at strains of 400-1440% and a reliable thermal coefficient of resistance (-4.2 °C-1) over a wide temperature widow (-40 to 60 °C). Moreover, the organohydrogel displays a highly efficient and reliable photothermal conversion ability due to the favorable optical absorbing behavior of rGO. Notably, the organohydrogel can detect accurate human activities at ambient temperature, demonstrating potential applications in flexible intelligent electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Hongling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yalin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Dianbo Zhang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Lin Dong
- School of Physics & Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
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11
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Chen C, Pang X, Li Y, Yu X. Ultrafast Self-Healing, Superstretchable, and Ultra-Strong Polymer Cluster-Based Adhesive Based on Aromatic Acid Cross-Linkers for Excellent Hydrogel Strain Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305875. [PMID: 38054799 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogel strain sensors rarely exhibit a comprehensive combination of mechanical properties such as ultra-stretchability, ultrafast self-healing, and high sensitivity. Herein, seven small molecule enhanced mechanical behaviors of polymer-cluster based hydrogels are demonstrated. The oxidized polyethyleneimine/polymeric acrylic acid (ohPEI/PAA) hydrogels with aromatic formic acids as supramolecular cross-linkers are prepared by simultaneous formation of ohPEI polymer clusters and PAA upon the addition of ammonium persulfate. The optimized hydrogel adhesive exhibits comprehensive excellent properties, such as high extensibility (up to 12 298%), real-time mechanical self-healing capability (<1 s, 93% efficiency), high uniformity, underwater adhesivity, and water-sealing ability. The proper binding strength of hydrogel and skin (47 kPa) allows the hydrogel to be utilized as highly sensitive (gauge factor:16.08), highly conductive (2.58 mS cm-1), and underwater strain sensors. Specially, the adhesive strength of the adhesive to wood after dehydration is extremely high, reaching up to 29.59 MPa. Additionally, when glycerol is introduced, the obtained gel maintains the physical properties even at harsh-temperature conditions (-40 to 80 °C). It presents that multiple and hierarchical non-covalent interactions including multiple hydrogen bonding interactions, π-π stacking, electrostatic interactions, and dipole-dipole interactions of polymer clusters, allow for the energy dissipation and contribute to the excellent performance of the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, and College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050080, P. R. China
| | - Xuelei Pang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, and College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050080, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, and College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050080, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Yu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, and College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050080, P. R. China
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Hameed H, Faheem S, Paiva-Santos AC, Sarwar HS, Jamshaid M. A Comprehensive Review of Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Classification, Properties, Recent Trends, and Applications. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:64. [PMID: 38514495 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As adaptable biomaterials, hydrogels have shown great promise in several industries, which include the delivery of drugs, engineering of tissues, biosensing, and regenerative medicine. These hydrophilic polymer three-dimensional networks have special qualities like increased content of water, soft, flexible nature, as well as biocompatibility, which makes it excellent candidates for simulating the extracellular matrix and promoting cell development and tissue regeneration. With an emphasis on their design concepts, synthesis processes, and characterization procedures, this review paper offers a thorough overview of hydrogels. It covers the various hydrogel material types, such as natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and hybrid hydrogels, as well as their unique characteristics and uses. The improvements in hydrogel-based platforms for controlled drug delivery are examined. It also looks at recent advances in bioprinting methods that use hydrogels to create intricate tissue constructions with exquisite spatial control. The performance of hydrogels is explored through several variables, including mechanical properties, degradation behaviour, and biological interactions, with a focus on the significance of customizing hydrogel qualities for particular applications. This review paper also offers insights into future directions in hydrogel research, including those that promise to advance the discipline, such as stimuli-responsive hydrogels, self-healing hydrogels, and bioactive hydrogels. Generally, the objective of this review paper is to provide readers with a detailed grasp of hydrogels and all of their potential uses, making it an invaluable tool for scientists and researchers studying biomaterials and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Saleha Faheem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hafiz Shoaib Sarwar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamshaid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Cao J, Wu B, Yuan P, Liu Y, Hu C. Progress of Research on Conductive Hydrogels in Flexible Wearable Sensors. Gels 2024; 10:144. [PMID: 38391474 PMCID: PMC10887588 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels, characterized by their excellent conductivity and flexibility, have attracted widespread attention and research in the field of flexible wearable sensors. This paper reviews the application progress, related challenges, and future prospects of conductive hydrogels in flexible wearable sensors. Initially, the basic properties and classifications of conductive hydrogels are introduced. Subsequently, this paper discusses in detail the specific applications of conductive hydrogels in different sensor applications, such as motion detection, medical diagnostics, electronic skin, and human-computer interactions. Finally, the application prospects and challenges are summarized. Overall, the exceptional performance and multifunctionality of conductive hydrogels make them one of the most important materials for future wearable technologies. However, further research and innovation are needed to overcome the challenges faced and to realize the wider application of conductive hydrogels in flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- School of Fashion and Design Art, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yeqi Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Cao C, Huang T, Li Y. Resilient and Tough Conductive Polymer Hydrogel for a Low-Hysteresis Strain Sensor. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300467. [PMID: 37863475 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymer hydrogels are vital in strain sensors, yet achieving high resilience and toughness is a challenge. This study employs a prestretch method to engineer a tough conductive polymer hydrogel with sufficient resilience. Initially, a blend film of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) is prepared through solution casting, followed by a swelling process to form a PVA-EVOH hydrogel. This hydrogel, with PVA crystallites as crosslinking points, exhibits high toughness. The hydrogel is then immersed in pyrrole and ferric chloride solutions for in-situ polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy), creating a conductive PPy/PVA-EVOH hydrogel. Finally, a 200% prestretch is applied, breaking short chains within the network, eliminating energy dissipation at low strains. This results in a hydrogel with a 100% elastic deformation range, while maintaining high fracture toughness (1700 J m-2 ). The prestretched PPy/PVA-EVOH hydrogel functions as a strain sensor with low hysteresis, providing consistent strain measurements during loading and unloading. This outperforms the non-prestretched sample, which shows inconsistent responses between stretching and releasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Cao
- School of Electrics and Computer Engineering, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510970, China
| | - Tao Huang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Yunming Li
- School of New Energy Science and Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu, 338004, China
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