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Simon AA, Haye L, Alhalabi A, Gresil Q, Muñoz BM, Mornet S, Reisch A, Le Guével X, Cognet L. Expanding the Palette of SWIR Emitting Nanoparticles Based on Au Nanoclusters for Single-Particle Tracking Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309267. [PMID: 38639398 PMCID: PMC11199965 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy has proved promising to unravel the dynamics and molecular architecture of thin biological samples down to nanoscales. For applications in complex, thick biological tissues shifting single-particle emission wavelengths to the shortwave infrared (SWIR also called NIR II) region between 900 to 2100 nm, where biological tissues are more transparent is key. To date, mainly single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) enable such applications, but they are inherently 1D objects. Here, 0D ultra-small luminescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs, <3 nm) and ≈25 nm AuNC-loaded-polymeric particles that can be detected at the single-particle level in the SWIR are presented. Thanks to high brightness and excellent photostability, it is shown that the dynamics of the spherical polymeric particles can be followed at the single-particle level in solution at video rates for minutes. We compared single particle tracking of AuNC-loaded-polymeric particles with that of SWCNT diffusing in agarose gels demonstrating the specificity and complementarity of diffusion properties of these SWIR-emitting nano-objects when exploring a complex environment. This extends the library of photostable SWIR emitting nanomaterials to 0D nano-objects of variable size for single-molecule localization microscopy in the second biological window, opening unprecedented possibilities for mapping the structure and dynamics of complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline A. Simon
- Univ. BordeauxLaboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N)UMR 5298TalenceF‐33400France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRSLP2N UMR 5298TalenceF‐33400France
- Univ. BordeauxCNRSBordeaux INPICMCBUMR 5026Pessac33600France
| | - Lucie Haye
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSLaboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021StrasbourgF‐67000France
| | - Abdallah Alhalabi
- University of Grenoble AlpesInstitute for Advanced BiosciencesINSERM1209/CNRS‐UMR5309GrenobleF‐38700France
| | - Quentin Gresil
- Univ. BordeauxLaboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N)UMR 5298TalenceF‐33400France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRSLP2N UMR 5298TalenceF‐33400France
| | - Blanca Martín Muñoz
- Univ. BordeauxLaboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N)UMR 5298TalenceF‐33400France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRSLP2N UMR 5298TalenceF‐33400France
| | - Stéphane Mornet
- Univ. BordeauxCNRSBordeaux INPICMCBUMR 5026Pessac33600France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSLaboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021StrasbourgF‐67000France
- Inserm UMR_S 1121CNRS EMR 7003Université de StrasbourgBiomaterials and BioengineeringCentre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg1 rue Eugène BoeckelStrasbourgF‐67000France
| | - Xavier Le Guével
- University of Grenoble AlpesInstitute for Advanced BiosciencesINSERM1209/CNRS‐UMR5309GrenobleF‐38700France
| | - Laurent Cognet
- Univ. BordeauxLaboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N)UMR 5298TalenceF‐33400France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRSLP2N UMR 5298TalenceF‐33400France
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Zhou Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Schmid O, Rehberg M, Yang L. Bridging Smart Nanosystems with Clinically Relevant Models and Advanced Imaging for Precision Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308659. [PMID: 38282076 PMCID: PMC11005737 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of nano-drug-carriers (NDC) to specific cells, diseased regions, or solid tumors has entered the era of precision medicine that requires systematic knowledge of nano-biological interactions from multidisciplinary perspectives. To this end, this review first provides an overview of membrane-disruption methods such as electroporation, sonoporation, photoporation, microfluidic delivery, and microinjection with the merits of high-throughput and enhanced efficiency for in vitro NDC delivery. The impact of NDC characteristics including particle size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, and elasticity on cellular uptake are elaborated and several types of NDC systems aiming for hierarchical targeting and delivery in vivo are reviewed. Emerging in vitro or ex vivo human/animal-derived pathophysiological models are further explored and highly recommended for use in NDC studies since they might mimic in vivo delivery features and fill the translational gaps from animals to humans. The exploration of modern microscopy techniques for precise nanoparticle (NP) tracking at the cellular, organ, and organismal levels informs the tailored development of NDCs for in vivo application and clinical translation. Overall, the review integrates the latest insights into smart nanosystem engineering, physiological models, imaging-based validation tools, all directed towards enhancing the precise and efficient intracellular delivery of NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Forensic PathologyWest China School of Preclinical and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityNo. 17 Third Renmin Road NorthChengdu610041China
- Burning Rock BiotechBuilding 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou510300China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)Qingdao266042China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Key Clinical SpecialtyBranch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Center of Respiratory MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunan410008China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory DiseaseChangshaHunan410008China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
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Haberl Meglič S, Slokar D, Miklavčič D. Inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria Escherichia coli by electroporation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1347000. [PMID: 38333581 PMCID: PMC10850576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In modern times, bacterial infections have become a growing problem in the medical community due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In fact, the overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics have led to bacterial resistance and the presence of such bacteria in wastewater. Therefore, it is critical to develop effective strategies for dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater. Electroporation has been found to be one of the most promising complementary techniques for bacterial inactivation because it is effective against a wide range of bacteria, is non-chemical and is highly optimizable. Many studies have demonstrated electroporation-assisted inactivation of bacteria, but rarely have clinical antibiotics or bacteria resistant to these antibiotics been used in the study. Therefore, the motivation for our study was to use a treatment regimen that combines antibiotics and electroporation to inactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Methods We separately combined two antibiotics (tetracycline and chloramphenicol) to which the bacteria are resistant (with a different resistance mode) and electric pulses. We used three different concentrations of antibiotics (40, 80 and 150 µg/ml for tetracycline and 100, 500 and 2000 µg/ml for chloramphenicol, respectively) and four different electric field strengths (5, 10, 15 and 20 kV/cm) for electroporation. Results and discussion Our results show that electroporation effectively enhances the effect of antibiotics and inactivates antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The inactivation rate for tetracycline or chloramphenicol was found to be different and to increase with the strength of the pulsed electric field and/or the concentration of the antibiotic. In addition, we show that electroporation has a longer lasting effect (up to 24 hours), making bacteria vulnerable for a considerable time. The present work provides new insights into the use of electroporation to inactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Haberl Meglič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dejan Slokar
- Centre of Excellence for Biosensors, Instrumentation and Process Control, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Combes A, Rieb C, Haye L, Klymchenko AS, Serra CA, Reisch A. Mixing versus Polymer Chemistry in the Synthesis of Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16532-16542. [PMID: 37955543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with drugs and contrast agents have become key tools in the advancement of nanomedicine, requiring robust technologies for their synthesis. Nanoprecipitation is a particularly interesting technique for the assembly of loaded polymer NPs, which is well-known to proceed under kinetic control, with a strong influence of the assembly conditions. On the other hand, the nature of the used polymer also influences the outcome of nanoprecipitation. Here, we investigated systematically the relative effects of mixing of the organic and aqueous phases and polymer chemistry on the formation of polymer nanocarriers. For this, two mixing schemes, manual mixing and microfluidic mixing using an impact-jet micromixer, were first evaluated, showing mixing times of several tens of milliseconds and a few milliseconds, respectively. Copolymers of ethyl methacrylate with charged and hydrophilic groups and different polyesters (poly(d-l-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactic acid)) were combined with a fluorescent dye salt and tested for particle assembly using these "slow" and "fast" mixing methods. Our results showed that in the case of the most hydrophobic polymers, the speed of mixing had no significant influence on the size and loading of the formed NPs. In contrast, in the case of less hydrophobic polymers, faster mixing led to smaller NPs with better encapsulation. The switch between mixing and polymer-controlled assembly was directly correlated to the solubility limit of the polymers in acetonitrile-water mixtures, with a critical point for solubility limits between 15 and 20 vol % of water. Our results provide simple guidelines on how to evaluate the possible influence of polymer chemistry and mixing on the formation of loaded NPs, opening the way to fine-tune their properties and optimize their large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Combes
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Corentin Rieb
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Lucie Haye
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Christophe A Serra
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie, UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg F-67000, France
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Nanomaterial-mediated photoporation for intracellular delivery. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:24-48. [PMID: 36584801 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of extrinsic molecules into living cells is becoming increasingly crucial in biological studies ranging from cell engineering to biomedical applications. The concerns regarding biosafety and immunogenicity for conventional vectors and physical methods yet challenge effective intracellular delivery. Here, we begin with an overview of approaches for trans-membrane delivery up to now. These methods are featured with a relatively mature application but usually encounter low cell survival. Our review then proposes an advanced application for nanomaterial-sensitized photoporation triggered with a laser. We cover the mechanisms, procedures, and outcomes of photoporation-induced intracellular delivery with a highlight on its versatility to different living cells. We hope the review discussed here encourages researchers to further improvement and applications for photoporation-induced intracellular delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE.
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Reactive oxygen species-responsive branched poly (β-amino ester) with robust efficiency for cytosolic protein delivery. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:355-366. [PMID: 36084925 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein therapy targeting the intracellular machinery holds great potentials for disease treatment, and therefore, effective cytosolic protein delivery technologies are highly demanded. Herein, we developed reactive oxygen species (ROS)-degradable, branched poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) with built-in phenylboronic acid (PBA) in the backbone and terminal-pendent arginine for the efficient cytosolic protein delivery. The PBAE could form stable and cell-ingestible nanocomplexes (NCs) with proteins via electrostatic interaction, nitrogen-boronate (N-B) coordination, and hydrogen bonding, while it can be degraded into small segments by the over-produced H2O2 in tumor cells to enable cytoplasmic protein release. As thus, PBAE exhibited high efficiency in delivering varieties of proteins with distinct molecular weights (12.4-430 kDa) and isoelectric points (4.7-10.5) into tumor cells, including enzymes, toxins, and antibodies. Moreover, PBAE mediated efficient delivery of saporin into tumor cells in vivo, provoking pronounced anti-tumor outcomes. This study provides a robust and versatile platform for cytosolic protein delivery, and the elaborately tailored PBAE may find promising applications for protein-based biological research and disease management. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cytosolic delivery of native proteins holds great therapeutic potentials, which however, is limited by the lack of robust delivery carriers that can simultaneously feature strong protein encapsulation yet effective intracellular protein release. Herein, ROS-degradable, branched poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) with backbone-embedded phenylboronic acid (PBA) and terminal-pendent arginine was developed to synchronize these two processes. PBA and arginine moieties allowed PBAE to encapsulate proteins via N-B coordination, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and salt bridging, while PBA could be oxidized by over-produced H2O2 inside cancer cells to trigger PBAE degradation and intracellular protein release. As thus, the top-performing PBAE mediated efficient cytosolic delivery of various proteins including enzymes, toxins, and antibodies. This study provides a powerful platform for cytosolic protein delivery, and may find promising utilities toward intracellular protein therapy against cancer and other diseases such as inflammation.
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Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is a commonly used strategy to increase cell permeability for intracellular cargo delivery or irreversible cell membrane disruption using electric fields. In recent years, EP performance has been improved by shrinking electrodes and device structures to the microscale. Integration with microfluidics has led to the design of devices performing static EP, where cells are fixed in a defined region, or continuous EP, where cells constantly pass through the device. Each device type performs superior to conventional, macroscale EP devices while providing additional advantages in precision manipulation (static EP) and increased throughput (continuous EP). Microscale EP is gentle on cells and has enabled more sensitive assaying of cells with novel applications. In this Review, we present the physical principles of microscale EP devices and examine design trends in recent years. In addition, we discuss the use of reversible and irreversible EP in the development of therapeutics and analysis of intracellular contents, among other noteworthy applications. This Review aims to inform and encourage scientists and engineers to expand the use of efficient and versatile microscale EP technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Harrison Khoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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Chen H, Celik AE, Mutschler A, Combes A, Runser A, Klymchenko AS, Lecommandoux S, Serra CA, Reisch A. Assembly of Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles Using Different Microfluidic Mixers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7945-7955. [PMID: 35731957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoprecipitation is a facile and efficient approach to the assembly of loaded polymer nanoparticles (NPs) for applications in bioimaging and targeted drug delivery. Their successful use in clinics requires reproducible and scalable synthesis, for which microfluidics appears as an attractive technique. However, in the case of nanoprecipitation, particle formation depends strongly on mixing. Here, we compare 5 different types of microfluidic mixers with respect to the formation and properties of poly(d-l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) NPs loaded with a fluorescent dye salt: a cross-shaped mixer, a multilamination mixer, a split and recombine mixer, two herringbone mixers, and two impact jet mixers. Size and fluorescence properties of the NPs obtained with these mixers are evaluated. All mixers, except the cross-shaped one, yield NPs at least as small and fluorescent as those obtained manually. Notably in the case of impact jet mixers operated at high flow speeds, the size of the NPs could be strongly reduced from >50 nm down to <20 nm. Surprisingly, the fluorescence quantum yield of NPs obtained with these mixers also depends strongly on the flow speed, increasing, in the case of PLGA, from 30 to >70%. These results show the importance of precisely controlling the assembly conditions for loaded polymer NPs. The present work further provides guidance for choosing the optimal microfluidic setup for production of nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyou Chen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Ali Emre Celik
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Angela Mutschler
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Antoine Combes
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Anne Runser
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | | | - Christophe A Serra
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR 22, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, Strasbourg F-67000, France
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Khalin I, Adarsh N, Schifferer M, Wehn A, Groschup B, Misgeld T, Klymchenko A, Plesnila N. Size-Selective Transfer of Lipid Nanoparticle-Based Drug Carriers Across the Blood Brain Barrier Via Vascular Occlusions Following Traumatic Brain Injury. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200302. [PMID: 35384294 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current lack of understanding about how nanocarriers cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the healthy and injured brain is hindering the clinical translation of nanoscale brain-targeted drug-delivery systems. Here, the bio-distribution of lipid nano-emulsion droplets (LNDs) of two sizes (30 and 80 nm) in the mouse brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is investigated. The highly fluorescent LNDs are prepared by loading them with octadecyl rhodamine B and a bulky hydrophobic counter-ion, tetraphenylborate. Using in vivo two-photon and confocal imaging, the circulation kinetics and bio-distribution of LNDs in the healthy and injured mouse brain are studied. It is found that after TBI, LNDs of both sizes accumulate at vascular occlusions, where specifically 30 nm LNDs extravasate into the brain parenchyma and reach neurons. The vascular occlusions are not associated with bleedings, but instead are surrounded by processes of activated microglia, suggesting a specific opening of the BBB. Finally, correlative light-electron microscopy reveals 30 nm LNDs in endothelial vesicles, while 80 nm particles remain in the vessel lumen, indicating size-selective vesicular transport across the BBB via vascular occlusions. The data suggest that microvascular occlusions serve as "gates" for the transport of nanocarriers across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khalin
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University of Munich Medical Center, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Nagappanpillai Adarsh
- Laboratory de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67401, France
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Government College Attingal, Kerala, 695101, India
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Wehn
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University of Munich Medical Center, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Groschup
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University of Munich Medical Center, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Laboratory de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67401, France
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University of Munich Medical Center, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
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Sobska J, Andreiuk B, Aparin IO, Reisch A, Krezel W, Klymchenko AS. Counterion-insulated near-infrared dyes in biodegradable polymer nanoparticles for in vivo imaging. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:39-48. [PMID: 35028505 PMCID: PMC8691417 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00649e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are highly attractive for biomedical applications due to their potential biodegradability and capacity to encapsulate different loads, notably drugs and contrast agents. For in vivo optical bioimaging, NPs should operate in the near-infrared region (NIR) and exhibit stealth properties. In the present work, we applied the approach of ionic dye insulation with bulky hydrophobic counterions for encapsulation of near-infrared cyanine dyes (Cy5.5 and Cy7 bearing two octadecyl chains) into biodegradable polymer (PLGA) NPs. We found that at high dye loading (20-50 mM with respect to the polymer), the bulkiest fluorinated tetraphenylborate counterion minimized best the aggregation-caused quenching and improved fluorescence quantum yields of both NIR dyes, especially of Cy5.5. In addition, bulky counterions also enabled formation of small 40 nm polymeric NPs in contrast to smaller counterions. To provide them stealth properties, we prepared 40 nm dye-loaded PEGylated NPs through nanoprecipitation of synthetic PLGA-PEG block copolymer with the dye/counterion salt. The obtained NIR NPs loaded with Cy5.5 dye salt allowed in vivo imaging of wild-type mice with a good contrast after IV injection. Compared to the bare PLGA NPs, PLGA-PEG NPs exhibited significantly slower accumulation in the liver. Biodistribution studies confirmed the preferential accumulation in the liver, although PLGA and PLGA-PEG NPs could also be distributed in other organs, with the following tendency: liver > spleen > lungs > kidney > heart > testis > brain. Overall, the present work validated the counterion approach for encapsulation of NIR cyanine dyes into biodegradable polymer NPs bearing covalently attached PEG shell. Thus, we propose a simple and robust methodology for preparation of NIR fluorescent biodegradable polymer NPs, which could further improve the existing optical imaging for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sobska
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC) - INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR-7104, University of Strasbourg 1, Rue Laurent Fries 67404 Illkirch France
| | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Ilya O Aparin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Wojciech Krezel
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC) - INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR-7104, University of Strasbourg 1, Rue Laurent Fries 67404 Illkirch France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
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