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Girolami M, Matteocci F, Pettinato S, Serpente V, Bolli E, Paci B, Generosi A, Salvatori S, Di Carlo A, Trucchi DM. Metal-Halide Perovskite Submicrometer-Thick Films for Ultra-Stable Self-Powered Direct X-Ray Detectors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:182. [PMID: 38668830 PMCID: PMC11052987 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors, due to the development of sensitive, fast, and cost-effective devices. Self-powered operation, ensuring portability and low power consumption, has also been recently demonstrated in both bulk materials and thin films. However, the signal stability and repeatability under continuous X-ray exposure has only been tested up to a few hours, often reporting degradation of the detection performance. Here it is shown that self-powered direct X-ray detectors, fabricated starting from a FAPbBr3 submicrometer-thick film deposition onto a mesoporous TiO2 scaffold, can withstand a 26-day uninterrupted X-ray exposure with negligible signal loss, demonstrating ultra-high operational stability and excellent repeatability. No structural modification is observed after irradiation with a total ionizing dose of almost 200 Gy, revealing an unexpectedly high radiation hardness for a metal-halide perovskite thin film. In addition, trap-assisted photoconductive gain enabled the device to achieve a record bulk sensitivity of 7.28 C Gy-1 cm-3 at 0 V, an unprecedented value in the field of thin-film-based photoconductors and photodiodes for "hard" X-rays. Finally, prototypal validation under the X-ray beam produced by a medical linear accelerator for cancer treatment is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Girolami
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pettinato
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Engineering, Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Serpente
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bolli
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Paci
- SpecXLab, CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- SpecXLab, CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvatori
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Engineering, Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- SpecXLab, CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele M Trucchi
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
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2
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Jafarzadeh F, Castriotta LA, Legrand M, Ory D, Cacovich S, Skafi Z, Barichello J, De Rossi F, Di Giacomo F, Di Carlo A, Brown T, Brunetti F, Matteocci F. Flexible, Transparent, and Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Using the Wide-Band Gap FAPbBr 3 Perovskite Absorber. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17607-17616. [PMID: 38557000 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer impressive performance and flexibility, thanks to their simple, low-temperature deposition methods. Their band gap tunability allows for a wide range of applications, transitioning from opaque to transparent devices. This study introduces the first flexible, bifacial PSCs using the FAPbBr3 perovskite. We investigated the impact of optimizing electron and hole transport layers on the cells' bifaciality, transparency, and stability. PSCs achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.8 and 18.7% under 1 sun and indoor light conditions (1200 lx), respectively, showing up to 98% bifaciality factor and an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 55%. Additionally, a P1-P2-P3 laser ablation scheme has been developed on the flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate for perovskite solar modules showing a PCE of 4.8% and high geometrical fill factor (97.8%). These findings highlight the potential of flexible, bifacial PSCs for diverse applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), agrivoltaics, automotive technology, wearable sensors, and Internet of things (IoT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Jafarzadeh
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Angelo Castriotta
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marie Legrand
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), UMR 9006, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Chimie Paristech, PSL, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Daniel Ory
- Électricité de France (EDF), R&D, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Stefania Cacovich
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), UMR 9006, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Chimie Paristech, PSL, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Zeynab Skafi
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Barichello
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Rossi
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Giacomo
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- CNR-ISM Istituto di Struttura della Materia, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Brown
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunetti
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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García-Fernández A, Kammlander B, Riva S, Rensmo H, Cappel UB. Composition dependence of X-ray stability and degradation mechanisms at lead halide perovskite single crystal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1000-1010. [PMID: 38090991 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05061k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The multiple applications of lead halide perovskite materials and the extensive use of X-ray based techniques to characterize them highlight a need to understand their stability under X-ray irradiation. Here, we present a study where the X-ray stability of five different lead halide perovskite compositions (MAPbI3, MAPbCl3, MAPbBr3, FAPbBr3, CsPbBr3) was investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy. To exclude effects of thin film formation on the observed degradation behaviors, we studied clean surfaces of single crystals. Different X-ray resistance and degradation mechanisms were observed depending on the crystal composition. Overall, perovskites based on the MA+ cation were found to be less stable than those based on FA+ or Cs+. Metallic lead formed most easily in the chloride perovskite, followed by bromide, and only very little metallic lead formation was observed for MAPbI3. MAPbI3 showed one main degradation process, which was the radiolysis of MAI. Multiple simultaneous degradation processes were identified for the bromide compositions. These processes include ion migration towards the perovskite surface and the formation of volatile and solid products in addition to metallic lead. Lastly, CsBr formed as a solid degradation product on the surface of CsPbBr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García-Fernández
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Birgit Kammlander
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefania Riva
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ute B Cappel
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ralaiarisoa M, Frisch J, Frégnaux M, Cacovich S, Yaïche A, Rousset J, Gorgoi M, Ceratti DR, Kodalle T, Roncoroni F, Guillemoles JF, Etcheberry A, Bouttemy M, Wilks RG, Bär M, Schulz P. Influence of X-Ray Irradiation During Photoemission Studies on Halide Perovskite-Based Devices. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300458. [PMID: 37712197 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are semiconductors with promising application in optoelectronic devices, particularly, in solar cell technologies. The chemical and electronic properties of MHPs at the surface and interfaces with adjacent layers dictate charge transfer within stacked devices and ultimately the efficiency of the latter. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a powerful tool to characterize these material properties. However, the X-ray radiation itself can potentially affect the MHP and therefore jeopardize the reliability of the obtained information. In this work, the effect of X-ray irradiation is assessed on Cs0.05 MA0.15 FA0.8 Pb(I0.85 Br0.15 )3 (MA for CH3 NH3 , and FA for CH2 (NH2 )2 ) MHP thin-film samples in a half-cell device. There is a comparison of measurements acquired with synchrotron radiation and a conventional laboratory source for different times. Changes in composition and core levels binding energies are observed in both cases, indicating a modification of the chemical and electronic properties. The results suggest that changes observed over minutes with highly brilliant synchrotron radiation are likely occurring over hours when working with a lab-based source providing a lower photon flux. The possible degradation pathways are discussed, supported by steady-state photoluminescence analysis. The work stresses the importance of beam effect assessment at the beginning of XPS experiments of MHP samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Ralaiarisoa
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF), UMR 9006, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Chimie Paristech, PSL, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Johannes Frisch
- Department of Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathieu Frégnaux
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8180, 45 Avenue des États Unis, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Stefania Cacovich
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF), UMR 9006, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Chimie Paristech, PSL, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Armelle Yaïche
- Électricité de France, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Jean Rousset
- Électricité de France, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Mihaela Gorgoi
- Energy Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Davide R Ceratti
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF), UMR 9006, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Chimie Paristech, PSL, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
- CNRS, Collège de France, UMR 7574, Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Tim Kodalle
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Fabrice Roncoroni
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jean-François Guillemoles
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF), UMR 9006, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Chimie Paristech, PSL, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Arnaud Etcheberry
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8180, 45 Avenue des États Unis, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Muriel Bouttemy
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8180, 45 Avenue des États Unis, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Regan G Wilks
- Department of Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Energy Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Bär
- Department of Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Energy Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HIERN), Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philip Schulz
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF), UMR 9006, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Chimie Paristech, PSL, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau, 91120, France
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5
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Erroi A, Mecca S, Zaffalon ML, Frank I, Carulli F, Cemmi A, Di Sarcina I, Debellis D, Rossi F, Cova F, Pauwels K, Mauri M, Perego J, Pinchetti V, Comotti A, Meinardi F, Vedda A, Auffray E, Beverina L, Brovelli S. Ultrafast and Radiation-Hard Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocomposite Scintillators. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:3883-3894. [PMID: 37705701 PMCID: PMC10497040 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of scintillators for the detection of ionizing radiation is a critical aspect in many fields, including medicine, nuclear monitoring, and homeland security. Recently, lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP-NCs) have emerged as promising scintillator materials. However, the difficulty of affordably upscaling synthesis to the multigram level and embedding NCs in optical-grade nanocomposites without compromising their optical properties still limits their widespread use. In addition, fundamental aspects of the scintillation mechanisms are not fully understood, leaving the scientific community without suitable fabrication protocols and rational guidelines for the full exploitation of their potential. In this work, we realize large polyacrylate nanocomposite scintillators based on CsPbBr3 NCs, which are synthesized via a novel room temperature, low waste turbo-emulsification approach, followed by their in situ transformation during the mass polymerization process. The interaction between NCs and polymer chains strengthens the scintillator structure, homogenizes the particle size distribution and passivates NC defects, resulting in nanocomposite prototypes with luminescence efficiency >90%, exceptional radiation hardness, 4800 ph/MeV scintillation yield even at low NC loading, and ultrafast response time, with over 30% of scintillation occurring in the first 80 ps, promising for fast-time applications in precision medicine and high-energy physics. Ultrafast radioluminescence and optical spectroscopy experiments using pulsed synchrotron light further disambiguate the origin of the scintillation kinetics as the result of charged-exciton and multiexciton recombination formed under ionizing excitation. This highlights the role of nonradiative Auger decay, whose potential impact on fast timing applications we anticipate via a kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erroi
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mecca
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo L. Zaffalon
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Frank
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- LMU
Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz
1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Carulli
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Cemmi
- ENEA
Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department,
Casaccia R.C., Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Sarcina
- ENEA
Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department,
Casaccia R.C., Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Debellis
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- IMEM-CNR
Institute, Parco Area
delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Cova
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Kristof Pauwels
- ESRF
- The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michele Mauri
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Pinchetti
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Meinardi
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Vedda
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Beverina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
degli Studi Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20126 Milan, Italy
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