The influence of Cu(II) ions on physicochemical properties of potato starch oxidised by hydrogen peroxide

Emulsion template fabricated gelatin-based scaffold functionalized by dialdehyde starch complex with antibacterial antioxidant properties for accelerated wound healing

Gelatin and starch are considered as promising sustainable materials for their abundant production and good biodegradability. Efforts have been made to explore their medical application. Herein, scaffolds based on gelatin and starch with a preferred microstructure and antibacterial antioxidant property were fabricated by the emulsion template method. The dialdehyde starch was firstly combined with silver nanoparticles and curcumin to carry out the efficient hybrid antibacterial agent. Then, the gelatin microsphere of appropriate size was prepared by emulsification and gathered by the above agent to obtain gelatin-based scaffolds. The prepared scaffolds showed porous microstructures with high porosity of over 74 % and the preferred pore sizes of ∼65 μm, which is conducive to skin regeneration. Moreover, the scaffolds possessed a good swelling ability of over 640 %, good degradability of over 18 days, excellent blood compatibility, and cell compatibility. The promising antibacterial and antioxidant properties came from the hybrid antibacterial agent were affirmed. As expected, the gelatin-based scaffolds fabricated by the emulsion template method with a preferred microstructure can facilitate more adhered fibroblasts. In summary, gelatin-based scaffolds functionalized by starch-based complex expanded the application of abundant sustainable materials in the biomedical field, especially as antibacterial antioxidant wound dressings.

Influence of chemical modifications on dynamic rheological behaviour, thermal techno-functionalities, morpho-structural characteristics and prebiotic activity of banana starches

Banana starch is explored for its use in food and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, in order to improve the techno-functional properties of native banana starch (NS), different chemical modifications namely acid thinning (AT), oxidation (OX), sodium-trimetaphosphate method (STMP), cross linking phosphorylation (CLP), hydroxypropylation (HYP) were employed. Among the modified starches, amylose content was higher in CLP starch and the least was observed in AT. Resistant starch (RS) of HYP (65.38 %) and CLP starches (62.76 %) were significantly higher than other modified starches. Lesser amylose, higher water solubility and lower swelling of AT starch resulted in inferior paste clarity and inability to make a firm gel. Non-Newtonian behaviour of starch gels were observed from static viscosity observations. The dynamic rheological behaviour of the starch gels affirmed the higher gel strength of STMP (0.46) and CLP (0.56) starches. Imperfection and exo-corrosion in starch morphology was observed through SEM and influence of chemicals on the starch structure was elucidated through FTIR and XRD analyses. Except AT starch, modified starches with higher RS resulted in lowering glycemic index (57-69 %). STMP starches recorded highest prebiotic activity score of 0.88. Chemical modifications enable to enhance the functionalities of banana starch and offers potential industrial uses.

Physicochemical Properties of Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa) Starch

Native starch extracted from wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) was evaluated for its intrinsic physicochemical properties. From the results, essential metals such as K, Ca, P, and Fe were detected along with some nonessential heavy metals below the WHO permissible limits. Bulk density was 0.13-0.63 g/mL. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and solubility of the starch were pH-responsive. Thermal profiles showed onset temperature, To (59.21 °C), peak temperature, Tp (60.22 °C), endset temperature, Tc (63.12 °C), gelatinization enthalpy, ΔHgel (0.54 J/g), temperature range of gelatinization, R (3.91 °C), and peak height index, PHI (1.87 J/g °C). Exhibiting a crystallite size of 0.03 nm, absorption peaks of 15.3119°, 24.4120°, and 18.4170°, corresponding to interplanar d-spacings of 3.7500 Ǻ, 5.14000 Ǻ, and 4.954610 Ǻ, were obtained. Evidence of C-H at 1338.1 cm-1, C-O at 640.0 cm-1, C-H stretch at 2829.7 cm-1, and a strong and broad O-H group at 3291.2 cm-1 were obtained. The starch granules had low particle sizes, were homogeneous, and were aggregates of irregular shapes. At a lower pH (2-4), the wild yam starch studied could be a potential absorbent material in the production of disposable diapers and female napkins and as biodegradable films due to its high hydrophobicity at a high pH (8-12).

An Insight into the Gelatinization Properties Influencing the Modified Starches Used in Food Industry: A review

Native starch is subjected to various forms of modification to improve its structural, mechanical, and thermal properties for wider applications in the food industry. Physical, chemical, and dual modifications have a substantial effect on the gelatinization properties of starch. Consequently, this review explores and compares the different methods of starch modification applicable in the food industry and their effect on the gelatinization properties such as onset temperature (To), peak gelatinization temperature (Tp), end set temperature (Tc), and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH), studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Chemical modifications including acetylation and acid hydrolysis decrease the gelatinization temperature of starch whereas cross-linking and oxidation result in increased gelatinization temperatures. Common physical modifications such as heat moisture treatment and annealing also increase the gelatinization temperature. The gelatinization properties of modified starch can be applied for the improvement of food products such as ready-to-eat, easily heated or frozen food, or food products with longer shelf life.

Oxidized starch cross-linked porous collagen-based hydrogel for spontaneous agglomeration growth of adipose-derived stem cells

Many strategies have been employed to artificially reconstruct adipose tissue in tissue engineering. The functionalization and survival of reconstructed adipose tissue depend on sufficient angiogenesis. Notably, agglomeration growth of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is beneficial to promoting angiogenesis. Herein, we present a porous collagen-based hydrogel for spontaneous agglomeration growth of ASCs to promote angiogenesis. Oxidized starch with different oxidation degree was prepared and used to cross-link collagen to fabricate the porous hydrogel. The gelation time and pore size of hydrogels can be controlled by adjusting the oxidation degree of starch. Crosslinking enhances the mechanical properties, inhibits the swelling and biodegradation of the hydrogels. The hydrogels possess good blood compatibility and cytocompatibility. Significantly, ASCs tended to adhere to the hydrogels and spontaneously grew into spheres along with time. Effective expression of vascular endothelial growth and fibroblast growth factors were observed. Overall, the hydrogels have application prospects in vascularized adipose tissue engineering.

Using oxidized amylose as carrier of linalool for the development of antibacterial wound dressing

This study aimed to prepare antibacterial wound dressings based on collagen and linalool/oxidized amylose inclusion complex. Encapsulation with oxidized amylose was used as an effective way to introduce linalool into collagen matrix. Our results showed that the content of linalool in the composite dressings was efficiently increased thanks to the solubilization effect of oxidized amyloses. The developed composite dressings possessed porous structure. They had abilities to keep the wound in moist environment and meanwhile prevent the excess exudates accumulation. The incorporation of linalool conferred the composite dressings with excellent antibacterial activities as expected. Moreover, the composite dressing with the highest content of linalool presented enhanced blood compatibility and good cell biocompatibility. This composite dressing effectively promoted granulation tissue formation and accelerated wound healing. It effectively prevented inflammation in regenerated skin tissue and scar formation too. Overall, the developed antibacterial wound dressings hold great potential for use in wound healing applications.