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Balthazart J. Steroid-dependent plasticity in the song control system: Perineuronal nets and HVC neurogenesis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 71:101097. [PMID: 37611808 PMCID: PMC10841294 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The vocal control nucleus HVC in songbirds has emerged as a widespread model system to study adult brain plasticity in response to changes in the hormonal and social environment. I review here studies completed in my laboratory during the last decade that concern two aspects of this plasticity: changes in aggregations of extracellular matrix components surrounding the soma of inhibitory parvalbumin-positive neurons called perineuronal nets (PNN) and the production/incorporation of new neurons. Both features are modulated by the season, age, sex and endocrine status of the birds in correlation with changes in song structure and stability. Causal studies have also investigated the role of PNN and of new neurons in the control of song. Dissolving PNN with chondroitinase sulfate, a specific enzyme applied directly on HVC or depletion of new neurons by focalized X-ray irradiation both affected song structure but the amplitude of changes was limited and deserves further investigations.
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2
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Chiver I, Dos Santos EB, Valle S, Lallemand F, Cornil CA, Ball GF, Balthazart J. Effects of the depletion of neural progenitors by focal X-ray irradiation on song production and perception in canaries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9010. [PMID: 37268657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The song control nucleus HVC of songbirds has emerged as a widespread model system to study adult neurogenesis and the factors that modulate the incorporation of new neurons, including seasonal state, sex differences or sex steroid hormone concentrations. However, the specific function of these new neurons born in adulthood remains poorly understood. We implemented a new procedure based on focal X-ray irradiation to deplete neural progenitors in the ventricular zone adjacent to HVC and study the functional consequences. A 23 Gy dose depleted by more than 50 percent the incorporation of BrdU in neural progenitors, a depletion that was confirmed by a significant decrease in doublecortin positive neurons. This depletion of neurogenesis significantly increased the variability of testosterone-induced songs in females and decreased their bandwidth. Expression of the immediate early gene ZENK in secondary auditory areas of the telencephalon that respond to song was also inhibited. These data provide evidence that new neurons in HVC play a role in both song production and perception and that X-ray focal irradiation represents an excellent tool to advance our understanding of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Chiver
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, 15 Avenue Hippocrate, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ednei B Dos Santos
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, 15 Avenue Hippocrate, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Shelley Valle
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, 15 Avenue Hippocrate, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Charlotte A Cornil
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, 15 Avenue Hippocrate, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gregory F Ball
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jacques Balthazart
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, 15 Avenue Hippocrate, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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3
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Ermiş E, Althaus A, Blatti M, Uysal E, Leiser D, Norouzi S, Riggenbach E, Hemmatazad H, Ahmadli U, Wagner F. Therapy Resistance of Glioblastoma in Relation to the Subventricular Zone: What Is the Role of Radiotherapy? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061677. [PMID: 36980563 PMCID: PMC10046464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly heterogeneous primary malignant brain tumor with marked inter-/intratumoral diversity and a poor prognosis. It may contain a population of neural stem cells (NSC) and glioblastoma stem cells that have the capacity for migration, self-renewal and differentiation. While both may contribute to resistance to therapy, NSCs may also play a role in brain tissue repair. The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the main reservoir of NSCs. This study investigated the impact of bilateral SVZ radiation doses on patient outcomes. We included 147 patients. SVZs were delineated and the dose administered was extracted from dose–volume histograms. Tumors were classified based on their spatial relationship to the SVZ. The dose and outcome correlations were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression methods. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7 months (range: 4–11 months) and median overall survival (OS) was 14 months (range: 9–23 months). Patients with an ipsilateral SVZ who received ≥50 Gy showed significantly better PFS (8 versus 6 months; p < 0.001) and OS (16 versus 11 months; p < 0.001). Furthermore, lower doses (<32 Gy) to the contralateral SVZ were associated with improved PFS (8 versus 6 months; p = 0.030) and OS (15 versus 11 months; p = 0.001). Targeting the potential tumorigenic cells in the ipsilateral SVZ while sparing contralateral NSCs correlated with an improved outcome. Further studies should address the optimization of dose distribution with modern radiotherapy techniques for the areas surrounding infiltrated and healthy SVZs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Ermiş
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander Althaus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Blatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emre Uysal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Leiser
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Shokoufe Norouzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena Riggenbach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hossein Hemmatazad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uzeyir Ahmadli
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franca Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Cantabella E, Camilleri V, Cavalie I, Dubourg N, Gagnaire B, Charlier TD, Adam-Guillermin C, Cousin X, Armant O. Revealing the Increased Stress Response Behavior through Transcriptomic Analysis of Adult Zebrafish Brain after Chronic Low to Moderate Dose Rates of Ionizing Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153793. [PMID: 35954455 PMCID: PMC9367516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increasing use of radiopharmaceuticals for medical diagnostics and radiotherapy raises concerns regarding health risks for both humans and the environment. Additionally, in the context of major nuclear accidents like in Chernobyl and Fukushima, very little is known about the effects of chronic exposure to low and moderate dose rates of ionizing radiation (IR). Many studies demonstrated the sensibility of the developmental brain, but little data exists for IR at low dose rates and their impact on adults. In this study, we characterized the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate stress behavior caused by chronic exposure to low to moderate dose rates of IR using the adult zebrafish model. We observed the establishment of a congruent stress response at both the molecular and individual levels. Abstract High levels of ionizing radiation (IR) are known to induce neurogenesis defects with harmful consequences on brain morphogenesis and cognitive functions, but the effects of chronic low to moderate dose rates of IR remain largely unknown. In this study, we aim at defining the main molecular pathways impacted by IR and how these effects can translate to higher organizational levels such as behavior. Adult zebrafish were exposed to gamma radiation for 36 days at 0.05 mGy/h, 0.5 mGy/h and 5 mGy/h. RNA sequencing was performed on the telencephalon and completed by RNA in situ hybridization that confirmed the upregulation of oxytocin and cone rod homeobox in the parvocellular preoptic nucleus. A dose rate-dependent increase in differentially expressed genes (DEG) was observed with 27 DEG at 0.05 mGy/h, 200 DEG at 0.5 mGy/h and 530 DEG at 5 mGy/h. Genes involved in neurotransmission, neurohormones and hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis functions were specifically affected, strongly suggesting their involvement in the stress response behavior observed after exposure to dose rates superior or equal to 0.5 mGy/h. At the individual scale, hypolocomotion, increased freezing and social stress were detected. Together, these data highlight the intricate interaction between neurohormones (and particularly oxytocin), neurotransmission and neurogenesis in response to chronic exposure to IR and the establishment of anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Cantabella
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Isabelle Cavalie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Nicolas Dubourg
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Béatrice Gagnaire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Thierry D. Charlier
- Univ. Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Santé (PSE-Santé)/Service de Recherche en Dosimétrie (SDOS)/Laboratoire de Micro-Irradiation, de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, 34250 Palavas Les Flots, France
| | - Oliver Armant
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (O.A.)
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Bruil DE, David S, Nagtegaal SHJ, de Sonnaville SFAM, Verhoeff JJC. Irradiation of the Subventricular Zone and Subgranular Zone in High- and Low-Grade Glioma Patients: an Atlas-based Analysis on Overall Survival. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdab193. [PMID: 35128399 PMCID: PMC8809520 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) are hypothesized to support growth of glioma. Therefore, irradiation of the SVZ and SGZ might reduce tumor growth and might improve overall survival (OS). However, it may also inhibit the repair capacity of brain tissue. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to assess the impact of SVZ and SGZ radiotherapy doses on OS of patients with high-grade (HGG) or low-grade (LGG) glioma. Methods We included 273 glioma patients who received radiotherapy. We created an SVZ atlas, shared openly with this work, while SGZ labels were taken from the CoBrA atlas. Next, SVZ and SGZ regions were automatically delineated on T1 MR images. Dose and OS correlations were investigated with Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Cox regression analyses showed significant hazard ratios for SVZ dose (univariate: 1.029/Gy, P < .001; multivariate: 1.103/Gy, P = .002) and SGZ dose (univariate: 1.023/Gy, P < .001; multivariate: 1.055/Gy, P < .001) in HGG patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant correlations between OS and high-/low-dose groups for HGG patients (SVZ: respectively 10.7 months (>30.33 Gy) vs 14.0 months (<30.33 Gy) median OS, P = .011; SGZ: respectively 10.7 months (>29.11 Gy) vs 15.5 months (<29.11 Gy) median OS, P < .001). No correlations between dose and OS were found for LGG patients. Conclusion Irradiation doses on neurogenic areas correlate negatively with OS in patients with HGG. Whether sparing of the SVZ and SGZ during radiotherapy improves OS, should be subject of prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique E Bruil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Szabolcs David
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven H J Nagtegaal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joost J C Verhoeff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding Author: Joost J. C. Verhoeff, MD, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, HP Q 00.3.11 PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands ()
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6
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Assessment of Normal Tissue Radiosensitivity by Evaluating DNA Damage and Repair Kinetics in Human Brain Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413195. [PMID: 34947991 PMCID: PMC8709464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-double strand break (DSB), detected by immunostaining of key proteins orchestrating repair, like γH2AX and 53BP1, is well established as a surrogate for tissue radiosensitivity. We hypothesized that the generation of normal brain 3D organoids (“mini-brains”) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) combined with detection of DNA damage repair (DDR) may hold the promise towards developing personalized models for the determination of normal tissue radiosensitivity. In this study, cerebral organoids, an in vitro model that stands in its complexity between 2D cellular system and an organ, have been used. To quantify radiation-induced response, immunofluorescent staining with γH2AX and 53BP1 were applied at early (30 min, initial damage), and late time points (18 and 72 h, residual damage), following clinical standard 2 Gy irradiation. Based on our findings, assessment of DDR kinetics as a surrogate for radiosensitivity in hiPSC derived cerebral organoids is feasible. Further development of mini-brains recapitulating mature adult neuronal tissue and implementation of additional signaling and toxicity surrogates may pave the way towards development of next-generation personalized assessment of radiosensitivity in healthy neuronal tissue.
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7
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Derkach D, Kehtari T, Renaud M, Heidari M, Lakshman N, Morshead CM. Metformin pretreatment rescues olfactory memory associated with subependymal zone neurogenesis in a juvenile model of cranial irradiation. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100231. [PMID: 33948569 PMCID: PMC8080112 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cranial irradiation (IR) is an effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of childhood brain tumors but results in long-lasting cognitive deficits associated with impaired neurogenesis, as evidenced in rodent models. Metformin has been shown to expand the endogenous neural stem cell (NSC) pool and promote neurogenesis under physiological conditions and in response to neonatal brain injury, suggesting a potential role in neurorepair. Here, we assess whether metformin pretreatment, a clinically feasible treatment for children receiving cranial IR, promotes neurorepair in a mouse cranial IR model. Using immunofluorescence and the in vitro neurosphere assay, we show that NSCs are depleted by cranial IR but spontaneously recover, although deficits to proliferative neuroblasts persist. Metformin pretreatment enhances the recovery of neurogenesis, attenuates the microglial response, and promotes recovery of long-term olfactory memory. These findings indicate that metformin is a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical investigations of neurorepair in childhood brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Derkach
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarlan Kehtari
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Renaud
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohsen Heidari
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nishanth Lakshman
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindi M. Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Das D, Li J, Cheng L, Franco S, Mahairaki V. Human Forebrain Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Novel Approach to Model Repair of Ionizing Radiation-Induced DNA Damage in Human Neurons. Radiat Res 2020; 194:191-198. [PMID: 32845994 DOI: 10.1667/rr15567.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can generate virtually any cell type and therefore are applied to studies of organ development, disease modeling, drug screening and cell replacement therapy. Under proper culture conditions in vitro induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated to form organ-like tissues, also known as "organoids", which resemble organs more closely than cells, in vivo. We hypothesized that human brain organoids can be used as an experimental model to study mechanisms underlying DNA repair in human neurons and their progenitors after radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the most severe form of DNA damage. To this end, we customized a protocol for brain organoid generation that is time efficient. These organoids recapitulate key features of human cortical neuron development, including a subventricular zone containing neural progenitors that mature to postmitotic cortical neurons. Using immunofluorescence to measure DNA DSB markers, such as γ-H2AX and 53BP1, we quantified the kinetics of DSB repair in neural progenitors within the subventricular zone for up to 24 h after a single 2 Gy dose of ionizing radiation. Our data on DNA repair in progenitor versus mature neurons indicate a similar timeline: both repair DNA DSBs which is mostly resolved by 18 h postirradiation. However, repair kinetics are more acute in progenitors than mature neurons in the mature organoid. Overall, this study supports the use of 3D organoid culture technology as a novel platform to study DNA damage responses in developing or mature neurons, which has been previously difficult to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debamitra Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Neurology
| | | | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Sonia Franco
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
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9
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Dedobbeleer M, Willems E, Lambert J, Lombard A, Digregorio M, Lumapat PN, Di Valentin E, Freeman S, Goffart N, Scholtes F, Rogister B. MKP1 phosphatase is recruited by CXCL12 in glioblastoma cells and plays a role in DNA strand breaks repair. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:417-429. [PMID: 31504251 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary tumor in the central nervous system. Previously, the secretion of CXCL12 in the brain subventricular zones has been shown to attract GBM cells and protect against irradiation. However, the exact molecular mechanism behind this radioprotection is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CXCL12 modulates the phosphorylation of MAP kinases and their regulator, the nuclear MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1). We further show that MKP1 is able to decrease GBM cell death and promote DNA repair after irradiation by regulating major apoptotic players, such as Jun-N-terminal kinase, and by stabilizing the DNA repair protein RAD51. Increases in MKP1 levels caused by different corticoid treatments should be reexamined for GBM patients, particularly during their radiotherapy sessions, in order to prevent or to delay the relapses of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dedobbeleer
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Estelle Willems
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jeremy Lambert
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lombard
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marina Digregorio
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul Noel Lumapat
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Stephen Freeman
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Goffart
- The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Scholtes
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA-Neuroscience, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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10
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X-ray irradiated cultures of mouse cortical neural stem/progenitor cells recover cell viability and proliferation with dose-dependent kinetics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6562. [PMID: 32300147 PMCID: PMC7162981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of the developing or adult brain to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause cognitive impairment and/or brain cancer, by targeting neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). IR effects on NSPCs include transient cell cycle arrest, permanent cell cycle exit/differentiation, or cell death, depending on the experimental conditions. In vivo studies suggest that brain age influences NSPC response to IR, but whether this is due to intrinsic NSPC changes or to niche environment modifications remains unclear. Here, we describe the dose-dependent, time-dependent effects of X-ray IR in NSPC cultures derived from the mouse foetal cerebral cortex. We show that, although cortical NSPCs are resistant to low/moderate IR doses, high level IR exposure causes cell death, accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, activation of p53-related molecular pathways and cell cycle alterations. Irradiated NSPC cultures transiently upregulate differentiation markers, but recover control levels of proliferation, viability and gene expression in the second week post-irradiation. These results are consistent with previously described in vivo effects of IR in the developing mouse cortex, and distinct from those observed in adult NSPC niches or in vitro adult NSPC cultures, suggesting that intrinsic differences in NSPCs of different origins might determine, at least in part, their response to IR.
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11
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Cho N, Wang C, Raymond C, Kaprealian T, Ji M, Salamon N, Pope WB, Nghiemphu PL, Lai A, Cloughesy TF, Ellingson BM. Diffusion MRI changes in the anterior subventricular zone following chemoradiation in glioblastoma with posterior ventricular involvement. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:643-652. [PMID: 32239430 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is growing evidence that the subventricular zone (SVZ) plays a key role in glioblastoma (GBM) tumorigenesis. However, little is known regarding how the SVZ, which is a harbor for adult neural stem cells, may be influenced by chemoradiation. The current diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) study explored ipsilateral and contralateral alterations in the anterior SVZ in GBM patients with posterior enhancing lesions following chemoradiation. METHODS Forty GBM patients with tumor involvement in the posterior SVZ (mean age = 57 ± 10; left-hemisphere N = 25; right-hemisphere N = 15) were evaluated using DWI before and after chemoradiation. Regions-of-interest were drawn on the ipsilesional and contralesional anterior SVZ on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for both timepoints. ADC histogram analysis was performed by modeling a bimodal, double Gaussian distribution to obtain ADCL, defined as the mean of the lower Gaussian distribution. RESULTS The ipsilesional SVZ had lower ADCL values compared to the contralesional SVZ before treatment (mean difference = 0.025 μm2/ms; P = 0.007). Following chemoradiation, these changes were no longer observed (mean difference = 0.0025 μm2/ms; P > 0.5), as ADCL values of the ipsilesional SVZ increased (mean difference = 0.026 μm2/ms; P = 0.037). An increase in ipsilesional ADCL was associated with shorter progression-free (P = 0.0119) and overall survival (P = 0.0265). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary observations suggest baseline asymmetry as well as asymmetric changes in the SVZ proximal (ipsilesional) to the tumor with respect to contralesional SVZ regions may be present in GBM, potentially implicating this region in tumorigenesis and/or treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Cho
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chencai Wang
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catalina Raymond
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tania Kaprealian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Ji
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phioanh L Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
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12
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Kebir S, Hattingen E, Niessen M, Rauschenbach L, Fimmers R, Hummel T, Schäfer N, Lazaridis L, Kleinschnitz C, Herrlinger U, Scheffler B, Glas M. Olfactory function as an independent prognostic factor in glioblastoma. Neurology 2019; 94:e529-e537. [PMID: 31831598 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of olfactory function in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as a prognostic clinical measure. METHODS In a prospective case-control study, olfactory testing was performed in 73 patients with primary GBM at baseline during first-line treatment and at later follow-ups. An age-matched control cohort consisted of 49 patients with neurologic diseases, excluding those known to affect olfactory function per se. Depending on the olfactory testing score, patients were allotted to a hyposmia group (HG) or normosmia group (NG). MRI analysis was performed to assess whether tumor location affects olfactory pathways. RESULTS Patients with GBM had olfactory dysfunction significantly more often compared to the control cohort (p = 0.003). Tumor location could not explain this finding since no relevant difference in MRI-based olfactory pathway involvement was found between HG and NG (p = 0.131). Patients with olfactory dysfunction had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those without dysfunction (median OS 20.9 vs 40.6 months, p = 0.035; median PFS, 9 vs 19 months, p = 0.022). Multivariate analysis in patients without MRI-based involvement of olfactory pathways confirmed olfaction is an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.43; p = 0.042) and PFS (HR 0.51; p = 0.049). CONCLUSION This pilot study provides the first indication that olfactory dysfunction is frequently observed in GBM and may be associated with worse survival outcome in GBM. However, validation of these results in an independent cohort is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sied Kebir
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Niessen
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Laurèl Rauschenbach
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Niklas Schäfer
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Lazaros Lazaridis
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Björn Scheffler
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Glas
- From the Division of Clinical Neurooncology (S.K., L.L., M.G.), Department of Neurology (C.K.), West German Cancer Center (S.K., L.R., B.S., M.G.), and Department of Neurosurgery (L.R.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen; Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Center of Integrated Oncology (S.K., M.N., N.S., U.H., M.G.), and Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (R.F.), University of Bonn Medical Center; Department of Neuroradiology (E.H.), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic (T.H.), TU Dresden; DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (S.K., B.S., M.G.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; and German Cancer Consortium (S.K., B.S., M.G.), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Germany.
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13
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Cameron BD, Traver G, Roland JT, Brockman AA, Dean D, Johnson L, Boyd K, Ihrie RA, Freeman ML. Bcl2-Expressing Quiescent Type B Neural Stem Cells in the Ventricular-Subventricular Zone Are Resistant to Concurrent Temozolomide/X-Irradiation. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1629-1639. [PMID: 31430423 PMCID: PMC6916634 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the mammalian brain is a site of adult neurogenesis. Within the V-SVZ reside type B neural stem cells (NSCs) and type A neuroblasts. The V-SVZ is also a primary site for very aggressive glioblastoma (GBM). Standard-of-care therapy for GBM consists of safe maximum resection, concurrent temozolomide (TMZ), and X-irradiation (XRT), followed by adjuvant TMZ therapy. The question of how this therapy impacts neurogenesis is not well understood and is of fundamental importance as normal tissue tolerance is a limiting factor. Here, we studied the effects of concurrent TMZ/XRT followed by adjuvant TMZ on type B stem cells and type A neuroblasts of the V-SVZ in C57BL/6 mice. We found that chemoradiation induced an apoptotic response in type A neuroblasts, as marked by cleavage of caspase 3, but not in NSCs, and that A cells within the V-SVZ were repopulated given sufficient recovery time. 53BP1 foci formation and resolution was used to assess the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Remarkably, the repair was the same in type B and type A cells. While Bax expression was the same for type A or B cells, antiapoptotic Bcl2 and Mcl1 expression was significantly greater in NSCs. Thus, the resistance of type B NSCs to TMZ/XRT appears to be due, in part, to high basal expression of antiapoptotic proteins compared with type A cells. This preclinical research, demonstrating that murine NSCs residing in the V-SVZ are tolerant of standard chemoradiation therapy, supports a dose escalation strategy for treatment of GBM. Stem Cells 2019;37:1629-1639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent D. Cameron
- Department of Radiation OncologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Geri Traver
- Department of Radiation OncologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Joseph T. Roland
- Department of Surgical ResearchVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Asa A. Brockman
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Daniel Dean
- Department of Radiation OncologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Levi Johnson
- Department of Radiation OncologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Kelli Boyd
- Comparative Pathology, Division of Animal CareVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Rebecca A. Ihrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Neurological SurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation OncologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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14
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Ruddy RM, Derkach D, Dadwal P, Morshead CM. Cranial irradiation in juvenile mice leads to early and sustained defects in the stem and progenitor cell pools and late cognitive impairments. Brain Res 2019; 1727:146548. [PMID: 31715143 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cranial irradiation is used in combination with other therapies as a treatment for brain tumours and is thought to contribute to long-term cognitive deficits. Several rodent models have demonstrated that these cognitive deficits may be correlated with damage to neural progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG), the two neurogenic niches of the brain. Studies in rodent models typically assess the proliferating progenitor population, but rarely investigate the effect of cranial irradiation on the neural stem cell pool. Further, few studies evaluate the effects in juveniles, an age when children typically receive this treatment. Herein, we examine the cellular and behavioural effects of juvenile cranial irradiation on stem and progenitor populations in the two neurogenic regions of the brain and assess cognitive outcomes. We found regionally distinct effects of cranial irradiation in the juvenile brain. In the SVZ, we observed a defect in the stem cell pool and a concomitant decrease in proliferating cells that were maintained for at least one week. In the DG, a similar defect in the stem cell pool and proliferating cells was observed and persisted in the stem cell population. Finally, we demonstrated that cranial irradiation resulted in late cognitive deficits. This study demonstrates that juvenile cranial irradiation leads to regionally distinct defects in the stem and progenitor populations, and late cognitive deficits, which may be important factors in determining therapeutic targets and timing of interventions following cranial irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Ruddy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Derkach
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Parvati Dadwal
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (KITE), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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15
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Michaelidesová A, Konířová J, Bartůněk P, Zíková M. Effects of Radiation Therapy on Neural Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E640. [PMID: 31450566 PMCID: PMC6770913 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and nervous system cancers in children represent the second most common neoplasia after leukemia. Radiotherapy plays a significant role in cancer treatment; however, the use of such therapy is not without devastating side effects. The impact of radiation-induced damage to the brain is multifactorial, but the damage to neural stem cell populations seems to play a key role. The brain contains pools of regenerative neural stem cells that reside in specialized neurogenic niches and can generate new neurons. In this review, we describe the advances in radiotherapy techniques that protect neural stem cell compartments, and subsequently limit and prevent the occurrence and development of side effects. We also summarize the current knowledge about neural stem cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in neural stem cell niches after brain radiotherapy. Strategies used to minimize radiation-related damages, as well as new challenges in the treatment of brain tumors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michaelidesová
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiation Dosimentry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Konířová
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiation Dosimentry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zíková
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Soria B, Martin-Montalvo A, Aguilera Y, Mellado-Damas N, López-Beas J, Herrera-Herrera I, López E, Barcia JA, Alvarez-Dolado M, Hmadcha A, Capilla-González V. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Neurological Complications of Radiotherapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:204. [PMID: 31156392 PMCID: PMC6532528 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a highly effective tool for the treatment of brain cancer. However, radiation also causes detrimental effects in the healthy tissue, leading to neurocognitive sequelae that compromise the quality of life of brain cancer patients. Despite the recognition of this serious complication, no satisfactory solutions exist at present. Here we investigated the effects of intranasal administration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a neuroprotective strategy for cranial radiation in mice. Our results demonstrated that intranasally delivered hMSCs promote radiation-induced brain injury repair, improving neurological function. This intervention confers protection against inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. hMSC administration reduces persistent activation of damage-induced c-AMP response element-binding signaling in irradiated brains. Furthermore, hMSC treatment did not compromise the survival of glioma-bearing mice. Our findings encourage the therapeutic use of hMSCs as a non-invasive approach to prevent neurological complications of radiotherapy, improving the quality of life of brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Soria
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide - University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide - University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Yolanda Aguilera
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide - University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Nuria Mellado-Damas
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide - University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier López-Beas
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide - University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Herrera-Herrera
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Escarlata López
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Barcia
- Service of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Surgery, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Alvarez-Dolado
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide - University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide - University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide - University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
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17
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High density is a property of slow-cycling and treatment-resistant human glioblastoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:76-86. [PMID: 30844389 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Slow-cycling and treatment-resistant cancer cells escape therapy, providing a rationale for regrowth and recurrence in patients. Much interest has focused on identifying the properties of slow-cycling tumor cells in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor. Despite aggressive ionizing radiation (IR) and treatment with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), GBM patients invariably relapse and ultimately succumb to the disease. In patient biopsies, we demonstrated that GBM cells expressing the proliferation markers Ki67 and MCM2 displayed a larger cell volume compared to rare slow-cycling tumor cells. In optimized density gradients, we isolated a minor fraction of slow-cycling GBM cells in patient biopsies and tumorsphere cultures. Transcriptional profiling, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity assays reflected the slow-cycling state of high-density GBM cells (HDGCs) compared to the tumor bulk of low-density GBM cells (LDGCs). Slow-cycling HDGCs enriched for stem cell antigens proliferated a few days after isolation to generate LDGCs. Both in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrated that HDGCs show increased treatment-resistance to IR and TMZ treatment compared to LDGCs. In conclusion, density gradients represent a non-marker based approach to isolate slow-cycling and treatment-resistant GBM cells across GBM subgroups.
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18
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Beera KG, Li YQ, Dazai J, Stewart J, Egan S, Ahmed M, Wong CS, Jaffray DA, Nieman BJ. Altered brain morphology after focal radiation reveals impact of off-target effects: implications for white matter development and neurogenesis. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:788-798. [PMID: 29228390 PMCID: PMC5961122 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with brain tumors treated with cranial radiation therapy (RT) often exhibit cognitive late effects, commonly associated with reduced white matter (WM) volume and decreased neurogenesis. The impact of radiation damage in particular regions or tissues on brain development as a whole has not been elucidated. Methods We delivered whole-brain or focal radiation (8 Gy single dose) to infant mice. Focal treatments targeted white matter (anterior commissure), neuronal (olfactory bulbs), or neurogenic (subventricular zone) regions. High-resolution ex vivo MRI was used to assess radiation-induced volume differences. Immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein and doublecortin was performed to assess associated cellular changes within white matter and related to neurogenesis, respectively. Results Both whole-brain and focal RT in infancy resulted in volume deficits in young adulthood, with whole-brain RT resulting in the largest deficits. RT of the anterior commissure, surprisingly, showed no impact on its volume or on brain development as a whole. In contrast, RT of the olfactory bulbs resulted in off-target volume reduction in the anterior commissure and decreased subventricular zone neurogenesis. RT of the subventricular zone likewise produced volume deficits in both the olfactory bulbs and the anterior commissure. Similar off-target effects were found in the corpus callosum and parietal cortex. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that radiation damage locally can have important off-target consequences for brain development. These data suggest that WM may be less radiosensitive than volume change alone would indicate and have implications for region-sparing radiation treatments aimed at reducing cognitive late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran G Beera
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Qing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Dazai
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Stewart
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Egan
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physics, University of McGill, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mashal Ahmed
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Shun Wong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Jaffray
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Pérès EA, Etienne O, Grigis A, Boumezbeur F, Boussin FD, Le Bihan D. Longitudinal Study of Irradiation-Induced Brain Microstructural Alterations With S-Index, a Diffusion MRI Biomarker, and MR Spectroscopy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:1244-1254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Loganadane G, Dhermain F, Louvel G, Kauv P, Deutsch E, Le Péchoux C, Levy A. Brain Radiation Necrosis: Current Management With a Focus on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2018; 8:336. [PMID: 30234011 PMCID: PMC6134016 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As the prognosis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is constantly improving with advances in systemic therapies (immune checkpoint blockers and new generation of targeted molecular compounds), more attention should be paid to the diagnosis and management of treatments-related long-term secondary effects. Brain metastases (BM) occur frequently in the natural history of NSCLC and stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is one of the main efficient local non-invasive therapeutic methods. However, SRT may have some disabling side effects. Brain radiation necrosis (RN) represents one of the main limiting toxicities, generally occurring from 6 months to several years after treatment. The diagnosis of RN itself may be quite challenging, as conventional imaging is frequently not able to differentiate RN from BM recurrence. Retrospective studies have suggested increased incidence rates of RN in NSCLC patients with oncogenic driver mutations [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive] or receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The risk of immune checkpoint inhibitors in contributing to RN remains controversial. Treatment modalities for RN have not been prospectively compared. Those include surveillance, corticosteroids, bevacizumab and local interventions (minimally invasive laser interstitial thermal ablation or surgery). The aim of this review is to describe and discuss possible RN management options in the light of the newly available literature, with a particular focus on NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Dhermain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Louvel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul Kauv
- Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP, CHU Henri Mondor, University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile Le Péchoux
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Levy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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21
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Rodgers KM, Ahrendsen JT, Patsos OP, Strnad FA, Yonchek JC, Traystman RJ, Macklin WB, Herson PS. Endogenous Neuronal Replacement in the Juvenile Brain Following Cerebral Ischemia. Neuroscience 2018; 380:1-13. [PMID: 29649514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of dead neurons following ischemia, either via enhanced endogenous neurogenesis or stem cell therapy, has long been sought. Unfortunately, while various therapies that enhance neurogenesis or stem cell therapies have proven beneficial in animal models, they have all uniformly failed to truly replace dead neurons in the ischemic core to facilitate long-term recovery. Remarkably, we observe robust repopulation of medium-spiny neurons within the ischemic core of juvenile mice following experimental stroke. Despite extensive neuronal cell death in the injured striatum of both juveniles and adults at acute time points after ischemia (24 h and 7 d), mature newborn neurons replaced lost striatal neurons at 30 d post-ischemia. This neuronal repopulation was found only in juveniles, not adults, and importantly, was accompanied by enhanced post-ischemic behavioral recovery at 30 d. Ablation of neurogenesis using irradiation prevented neuronal replacement and functional recovery in MCAo-injured juvenile mice. In contrast, findings in adults were consistent with previous reports, that newborn neurons failed to mature and died, offering little therapeutic potential. These data provide support for neuronal replacement and consequent functional recovery following ischemic stroke and new targets in the development of novel therapies to treat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - Jared T Ahrendsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Olivia P Patsos
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Frank A Strnad
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Joan C Yonchek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Richard J Traystman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medial Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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22
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Bálentová S, Hajtmanová E, Filová B, Borbélyová V, Lehotský J, Adamkov M. Effects of fractionated whole-brain irradiation on cellular composition and cognitive function in the rat brain. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:238-247. [PMID: 29309205 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1425805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was investigate whether histopathological changes in the neurogenic region correlate with appropriate cognitive impairment in the experimental model of radiation-induced brain injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats randomized into sham (0 Gy) and two experimental groups (survived 30 and 100 days after treatment) received fractionated whole-brain irradiation (one 5 Gy fraction/week for four weeks) with a total dose of 20 Gy of gamma rays. Morris water maze cognitive testing, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether the cognitive changes are associated with the alteration of neurogenesis, astrocytic response and activation of microglia along and/or adjacent to well-defined pathway, subventricular zone-olfactory bulb axis (SVZ-OB axis). RESULTS Irradiation revealed altered cognitive functions usually at 100 days after treatment. Neurodegenerative changes were characterized by a significant increase of Fluoro-Jade-positive cells 30 days after irradiation accompanied by a steep decline of neurogenesis 100 days after treatment. A strong astrocytic response and upregulation of the activated microglia were seen in both of experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS Results shows that fractionated irradiation led to cognitive impairment closely associated with accerelation of neuronal cell death, inhibition of neurogenesis, activation of astrocytes and microglia indicate early delayed radiation-induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Bálentová
- a Institute of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine , Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Hajtmanová
- b Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology , Martin University Hospital , Martin , Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Filová
- c Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine , Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Borbélyová
- d Institute of Molecular Biomedicine , Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Lehotský
- e Division of Neurosciences, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin , Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovak Republic.,f Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin , Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Adamkov
- a Institute of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine , Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovak Republic
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23
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Qin W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Q, Xu C, Cai J. The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:792-811. [PMID: 29344417 PMCID: PMC5758352 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special types of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. NSCs are regulated by multiple pathways and pathway related transcription factors during the process of proliferation and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown that the compound medicinal preparations, single herbs, and herb extracts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have specific roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the markers of NSCs in various stages of differentiation, the related pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation, and the corresponding transcription factors in the pathways. We also review the influence of TCM on NSC proliferation and differentiation, to facilitate the development of TCM in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shiya Chen
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cai
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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24
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Sinnaeve J, Mobley BC, Ihrie RA. Space Invaders: Brain Tumor Exploitation of the Stem Cell Niche. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:29-38. [PMID: 29024634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the adult neurogenic niche of the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), beyond serving as a potential site of origin, affects the outcome of malignant brain cancers. Glioma contact with this niche predicts worse prognosis, suggesting a supportive role for the V-SVZ environment in tumor initiation or progression. In this review, we describe unique components of the V-SVZ that may permit or promote tumor growth within the region. Cell-cell interactions, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix composition are discussed, and the role of the niche in future therapies is explored. The purpose of this review is to highlight niche intrinsic factors that may promote or support malignant cell growth and maintenance, and point out how we might leverage these features to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Sinnaeve
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca A Ihrie
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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25
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Naseri S, Moghahi SMHN, Mokhtari T, Roghani M, Shirazi AR, Malek F, Rastegar T. Radio-Protective Effects of Melatonin on Subventricular Zone in Irradiated Rat: Decrease in Apoptosis and Upregulation of Nestin. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 63:198-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Sabel M, Kalm M, Björk-Eriksson T, Lannering B, Blomgren K. Hypothermia after cranial irradiation protects neural progenitor cells in the subventricular zone but not in the hippocampus. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:771-783. [PMID: 28452566 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1321810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore if hypothermia can reduce the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the neurogenic regions of the brain in young rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postnatal day 9 rats were randomized into two treatment groups, hypo- and normothermia, or a control group. Treatment groups were placed in chambers submerged in temperature-controlled water baths (30 °C and 36 °C) for 8 h, after receiving a single fraction of 8 Gy to the left hemisphere. Seven days' post-irradiation, we measured the sizes of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the granule cell layer (GCL) of the hippocampus, and counted the number of proliferating (phospho-histone H3+) cells and microglia (Iba1 + cells). RESULTS Irradiation caused a 53% reduction in SVZ size in the normothermia group compared to controls, as well as a reduction of proliferating cell numbers by >50%. These effects were abrogated in the hypothermia group. Irradiation reduced the number of microglia in both treatment groups, but resulted in a lower cell density of Iba1 + cells in the SVZs of the hypothermia group. In the GCL, irradiation decreased both GCL size and the proliferating cell numbers, but with no difference between the treatment groups. The number of microglia in the GCL did not change. CONCLUSIONS Hypothermia immediately after irradiation protects the SVZ and its proliferative cell population but the GCL is not protected, one week post-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Sabel
- a Department of Pediatrics , Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,b Childhood Cancer Centre , Queen Silvia Children's Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Marie Kalm
- c Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Thomas Björk-Eriksson
- d Regional Cancer Centre west , Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Birgitta Lannering
- a Department of Pediatrics , Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,b Childhood Cancer Centre , Queen Silvia Children's Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- e Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,f Department of Pediatric Oncology , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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27
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Ford E, Emery R, Huff D, Narayanan M, Schwartz J, Cao N, Meyer J, Rengan R, Zeng J, Sandison G, Laramore G, Mayr N. An image-guided precision proton radiation platform for preclinicalin vivoresearch. Phys Med Biol 2016; 62:43-58. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/62/1/43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Implications of irradiating the subventricular zone stem cell niche. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:387-96. [PMID: 26921873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for brain tumor patients. However, it comes with side effects, such as neurological deficits. While likely multi-factorial, the effect may in part be associated with the impact of radiation on the neurogenic niches. In the adult mammalian brain, the neurogenic niches are localized in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where the neural stem cells (NSCs) reside. Several reports showed that radiation produces a drastic decrease in the proliferative capacity of these regions, which is related to functional decline. In particular, radiation to the SVZ led to a reduced long-term olfactory memory and a reduced capacity to respond to brain damage in animal models, as well as compromised tumor outcomes in patients. By contrast, other studies in humans suggested that increased radiation dose to the SVZ may be associated with longer progression-free survival in patients with high-grade glioma. In this review, we summarize the cellular and functional effects of irradiating the SVZ niche. In particular, we review the pros and cons of using radiation during brain tumor treatment, discussing the complex relationship between radiation dose to the SVZ and both tumor control and toxicity.
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29
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Capilla-Gonzalez V, Herranz-Pérez V, García-Verdugo JM. The aged brain: genesis and fate of residual progenitor cells in the subventricular zone. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:365. [PMID: 26441536 PMCID: PMC4585225 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the adult mammalian brain through life. The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest source of stem cells in the nervous system, and continuously generates new neuronal and glial cells involved in brain regeneration. During aging, the germinal potential of the SVZ suffers a widespread decline, but the causes of this turn down are not fully understood. This review provides a compilation of the current knowledge about the age-related changes in the NSC population, as well as the fate of the newly generated cells in the aged brain. It is known that the neurogenic capacity is clearly disrupted during aging, while the production of oligodendroglial cells is not compromised. Interestingly, the human brain seems to primarily preserve the ability to produce new oligodendrocytes instead of neurons, which could be related to the development of neurological disorders. Further studies in this matter are required to improve our understanding and the current strategies for fighting neurological diseases associated with senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Capilla-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, University of Valencia, CIBERNED Valencia, Spain ; Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Seville, Spain
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, University of Valencia, CIBERNED Valencia, Spain ; Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroregeneration Mixed Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, University of Valencia, CIBERNED Valencia, Spain ; Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroregeneration Mixed Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe Valencia, Spain
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30
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de Guzman AE, Gazdzinski LM, Alsop RJ, Stewart JM, Jaffray DA, Wong CS, Nieman BJ. Treatment Age, Dose and Sex Determine Neuroanatomical Outcome in Irradiated Juvenile Mice. Radiat Res 2015; 183:541-9. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13854.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M. Gazdzinski
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard J. Alsop
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M. Stewart
- Radiation Medicine Program and Techna Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A. Jaffray
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Shun Wong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian J. Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Capilla-Gonzalez V, Cebrian-Silla A, Guerrero-Cazares H, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Age-related changes in astrocytic and ependymal cells of the subventricular zone. Glia 2014; 62:790-803. [PMID: 24677590 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mammalian brain. During aging, the SVZ neurogenic capacity undergoes a progressive decline, which is attributed to a decrease in the population of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the behavior of the NSCs that remain in the aged brain is not fully understood. Here we performed a comparative ultrastructural study of the SVZ niche of 2-month-old and 24-month-old male C57BL/6 mice, focusing on the NSC population. Using thymidine-labeling, we showed that residual NSCs in the aged SVZ divide less frequently than those in young mice. We also provided evidence that ependymal cells are not newly generated during senescence, as others studies suggest. Remarkably, both astrocytes and ependymal cells accumulated a high number of intermediate filaments and dense bodies during aging, resembling reactive cells. A better understanding of the changes occurring in the neurogenic niche during aging will allow us to develop new strategies for fighting neurological disorders linked to senescence.
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Boström M, Hellström Erkenstam N, Kaluza D, Jakobsson L, Kalm M, Blomgren K. The hippocampal neurovascular niche during normal development and after irradiation to the juvenile mouse brain. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:778-89. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.931612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Tan W, Han G, Wei S, Hu D. Sparing functional anatomical structures during intensity-modulated radiotherapy: an old problem, a new solution. Future Oncol 2014; 10:1863-72. [PMID: 23987920 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT During intensity-modulated radiotherapy, an organ is usually assumed to be functionally homogeneous and, generally, its anatomical and spatial heterogeneity with respect to radiation response are not taken into consideration. However, advances in imaging and radiation techniques as well as an improved understanding of the radiobiological response of organs have raised the possibility of sparing the critical functional structures within various organs at risk during intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Here, we discuss these structures, which include the critical brain structure, or neural nuclei, and the nerve fiber tracts in the CNS, head and neck structures related to radiation-induced salivary and swallowing dysfunction, and functional structures in the heart and lung. We suggest that these structures can be used as potential surrogate organs at risk in order to minimize their radiation dose and/or irradiated volume without compromising the dose coverage of the target volume during radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, 116 South Road, Zhuodaoquan, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guang Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, 116 South Road, Zhuodaoquan, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shaozhong Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal & Genitourinary Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, 116 South Road, Zhuodaoquan, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, 116 South Road, Zhuodaoquan, Wuhan 430079, China
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34
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Capilla-Gonzalez V, Guerrero-Cazares H, Bonsu JM, Gonzalez-Perez O, Achanta P, Wong J, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. The subventricular zone is able to respond to a demyelinating lesion after localized radiation. Stem Cells 2014; 32:59-69. [PMID: 24038623 PMCID: PMC4879590 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is a common tool in the treatment of brain tumors that induces neurological deficits as a side effect. Some of these deficits appear to be related to the impact of radiation on the neurogenic niches, producing a drastic decrease in the proliferative capacity of these regions. In the adult mammalian brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles is the main neurogenic niche. Neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) within the SVZ play an important role in brain repair following injuries. However, the irradiated NSCs' ability to respond to damage has not been previously elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of localized radiation on the SVZ ability to respond to a lysolecithin-induced demyelination of the striatum. We demonstrated that the proliferation rate of the irradiated SVZ was increased after brain damage and that residual NSCs were reactivated. The irradiated SVZ had an expansion of doublecortin positive cells that appeared to migrate from the lateral ventricles toward the demyelinated striatum, where newly generated oligodendrocytes were found. In addition, in the absence of demyelinating damage, remaining cells in the irradiated SVZ appeared to repopulate the neurogenic niche a year post-radiation. These findings support the hypothesis that NSCs are radioresistant and can respond to a brain injury, recovering the neurogenic niche. A more complete understanding of the effects that localized radiation has on the SVZ may lead to improvement of the current protocols used in the radiotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Capilla-Gonzalez
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cazares
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janice M. Bonsu
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology School, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Pragathi Achanta
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Wong
- Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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35
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Capilla-Gonzalez V, Cebrian-Silla A, Guerrero-Cazares H, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. The generation of oligodendroglial cells is preserved in the rostral migratory stream during aging. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:147. [PMID: 24062640 PMCID: PMC3775451 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest source of newly generated cells in the adult mammalian brain. SVZ-derived neuroblasts migrate via the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb (OB), where they differentiate into mature neurons. Additionally, a small proportion of SVZ-derived cells contribute to the generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes. The production of new cells in the SVZ decreases during aging, affecting the incorporation of new neurons into the OB. However, the age-related changes that occur across the RMS are not fully understood. In this study we evaluate how aging affects the cellular organization of migrating neuroblast chains, the proliferation, and the fate of the newly generated cells in the SVZ-OB system. By using electron microscopy and immunostaining, we found that the RMS path becomes discontinuous and its cytoarchitecture is disorganized in aged mice (24-month-old mice). Subsequently, OB neurogenesis was impaired in the aged brain while the production of oligodendrocytes was not compromised. These findings provide new insight into oligodendrocyte preservation throughout life. Further exploration of this matter could help the development of new strategies to prevent neurological disorders associated with senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Capilla-Gonzalez
- Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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36
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Pineda JR, Daynac M, Chicheportiche A, Cebrian-Silla A, Sii Felice K, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Boussin FD, Mouthon MA. Vascular-derived TGF-β increases in the stem cell niche and perturbs neurogenesis during aging and following irradiation in the adult mouse brain. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:548-62. [PMID: 23526803 PMCID: PMC3628106 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis decreases during aging and following cranial radiotherapy, causing a progressive cognitive decline that is currently untreatable. However, functional neural stem cells remained present in the subventricular zone of high dose-irradiated and aged mouse brains. We therefore investigated whether alterations in the neurogenic niches are perhaps responsible for the neurogenesis decline. This hypothesis was supported by the absence of proliferation of neural stem cells that were engrafted into the vascular niches of irradiated host brains. Moreover, we observed a marked increase in TGF-β1 production by endothelial cells in the stem cell niche in both middle-aged and irradiated mice. In co-cultures, irradiated brain endothelial cells induced the apoptosis of neural stem/progenitor cells via TGF-β/Smad3 signalling. Strikingly, the blockade of TGF-β signalling in vivo using a neutralizing antibody or the selective inhibitor SB-505124 significantly improved neurogenesis in aged and irradiated mice, prevented apoptosis and increased the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells. These findings suggest that anti-TGF-β-based therapy may be used for future interventions to prevent neurogenic collapse following radiotherapy or during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Pineda
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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