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Yu F, Zhang Z, Chang X, Ye X, Cheng H, Li Y, Cui H. Immunization with Embryonic Stem Cells/Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Induces Effective Immunity against Ovarian Tumor-Initiating Cells in Mice. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:8188324. [PMID: 38058983 PMCID: PMC10696476 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8188324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) express pluripotent markers and share many features with normal pluripotent stem cells. It is possible that immunity induced by embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells- (IPSCs-) based vaccines may selectively target CSCs. In our study, cells expressing the pluripotent marker CD133 in the murine ovarian cancer cell-line ID8 were isolated and identified as CSCs. We investigated the preventive efficacy of ESCs and IPSCs-based vaccines against the development of ovarian cancer in vivo and evaluated the humoral and cellular immunities targeting CSCs in vitro. Our study showed that preimmunization with both mouse-derived embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells (mIPSCs) lysates, combined with an immunostimulatory adjuvant CpG, elicited strong humoral and cellular responses. These responses effectively suppressed the development of CSC-derived tumors. Immune sera collected from mESCs and mIPSCs-vaccinated mice contained antibodies that were capable of selectively targeting CSCs, resulting in the lysis of CSCs in the presence of complement. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes generated from splenocytes of mESCs and mIPSCs-vaccinated hosts could secrete interferon- (IFN-) γ in response to CSCs and kill CSCs in vitro. These findings indicate that vaccines based on mESCs and mIPSCs can elicit effective antitumor immunities. These immunities are related to the conferring of humoral and cellular responses that directly target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsheng Yu
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zujuan Zhang
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaohong Chang
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xue Ye
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi Li
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Heng Cui
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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2
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Hashemi F, Razmi M, Tajik F, Zöller M, Dehghan Manshadi M, Mahdavinezhad F, Tiyuri A, Ghods R, Madjd Z. Efficacy of Whole Cancer Stem Cell-Based Vaccines: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Stem Cells 2023; 41:207-232. [PMID: 36573273 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the conventional cancer therapeutic, cancer treatment remains a medical challenge due to neoplasm metastasis and cancer recurrence; therefore, new approaches promoting therapeutic strategies are highly desirable. As a new therapy, the use of whole neoplastic stem cells or cancer stem cell (CSC)-based vaccines is one strategy to overcome these obstacles. We investigated the effects of whole CSC-based vaccines on the solid tumor development, metastasis, and survival rate. METHODS Primary electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) and a major clinical registry were searched. Interventional studies of whole CSC-based vaccines in rodent cancer models (38 studies) and human cancer patients (11 studies) were included; the vaccine preparation methodologies, effects, and overall outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Preclinical studies were divided into 4 groups: CSC-lysates/ inactivated-CSC-based vaccines, CSC-lysate-loaded dendritic cell (CSC-DC) vaccines, cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) vaccines generated with CSC-DC (CSC-DC-CTL), and combinatorial treatments carried out in the prophylactic and therapeutic experimental models. The majority of preclinical studies reported a promising effect on tumor growth, survival rate, and metastasis. Moreover, whole CSC-based vaccines induced several antitumor immune responses. A small number of clinical investigations suggested that the whole CSC-based vaccine treatment is beneficial; however, further research is required. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive review provides an overview of the available methods for assessing the efficacy of whole CSC-based vaccines on tumor development, metastasis, and survival rate. In addition, it presents a set of recommendations for designing high-quality clinical studies that may allow to determine the efficacy of whole CSC-based-vaccines in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Hashemi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Razmi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tajik
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margot Zöller
- Section Pancreas Research, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Masoumeh Dehghan Manshadi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Mahdavinezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Tiyuri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Hengst JA, Nduwumwami AJ, Yun JK. Regulatory Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and C16:0 Ceramide, in Immunogenic Cell Death of Colon Cancer Cells Induced by Bak/Bax-Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5182. [PMID: 36358599 PMCID: PMC9657779 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified the sphingosine kinases (SphK1/2) as key intracellular regulators of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. To better understand the mechanism by which SphK inhibition enhances ICD, we focused on the intracellular signaling pathways leading to cell surface exposure of calreticulin (ectoCRT). Herein, we demonstrate that ABT-263 and AZD-5991, inhibitors of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL and Mcl-1, respectively, induce the production of ectoCRT, indicative of ICD. Inhibition of SphK1 significantly enhanced ABT/AZD-induced ectoCRT production, in a caspase 8-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ABT/AZD-induced Bak/Bax activation stimulates pro-survival SphK1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling, which attenuates ectoCRT production. Additionally, we identified a regulatory role for ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6)/C16:0 ceramide in transporting of ectoCRT to the cell surface. Together, these results indicate that the sphingolipid metabolic regulators of the sphingolipid rheostat, S1P and C16:0 ceramide, influence survival/death decisions of CRC cells in response to ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic agents. Importantly, SphK1, which produces S1P, is a stress-responsive pro-survival lipid kinase that suppresses ICD. While ceramide, produced by the inhibition of SphK1 is required for production of the cell surface marker of ICD, ectoCRT. Thus, inhibition of SphK1 represents a means to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ICD-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Hengst
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Asvelt J. Nduwumwami
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jong K. Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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4
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Eini L, Naseri M, Karimi-Busheri F, Bozorgmehr M, Ghods R, Madjd Z. Preventive cancer stem cell-based vaccination modulates tumor development in syngeneic colon adenocarcinoma murine model. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04303-8. [PMID: 36040667 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare sub-fraction of tumor cells, with the capability of self-renewal and strong oncogenicity are tightly responsible for chemo and radio resistance and tumor metastasis in colorectal cancer. Hence, CSCs targeting would improve the efficacy of therapeutic strategies and clinical outcomes. METHODS Here, using three-dimensional CSC spheroids and syngeneic mice model, we evaluated the cancer preventive impact of CSCs-based vaccination. CSCs enrichment was performed via colonosphere formation from CT-26 cell line and CT-26-derived tumor biopsy and characterized by confirming high expression of key stemness genes (OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG) and CSC-related surface biomarkers (CD166, DCLK1, and CD133) via real-time PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Then, the stemness phenotype and self-renewal in CSC-enriched spheroids were further confirmed by showing serial sphere formation capacity, clonogenicity potential, and enhanced in vivo tumorigenic capacity compared to their parental counterparts. CSCs lysates were used as vaccines in prophylactic settings compared to the parental cell lysate and PBS groups. RESULT Immunization of syngeneic mice with CSCs lysates was effective in the prevention of tumor establishment and significantly decreased tumor growth rate accompanied by an improvement in survival rate in tumor-bearing mice compared to groups subjected to parental cells lysate and PBS. These results, for the first time, showed that mice immunized with cell lysate from tumor biopsy-derived spheroids are resistant to tumor induction. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that only the serum antibodies from CSC-vaccinated mice reacted with colonospheres. CONCLUSIONS These findings represent CSCs lysate-based vaccination as a potential approach to hampering immunotherapy failure of colorectal cancer which along with other traditional therapies may effectively apply to prevent the establishment of aggressive tumors harboring stemness features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Eini
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Histology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Mahmood Bozorgmehr
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Naseri M, Zöller M, Hadjati J, Ghods R, Ranaei Pirmardan E, Kiani J, Eini L, Bozorgmehr M, Madjd Z. Dendritic cells loaded with exosomes derived from cancer stem cell-enriched spheroids as a potential immunotherapeutic option. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3312-3326. [PMID: 33634564 PMCID: PMC8034455 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for therapeutic resistance and recurrence in colorectal cancer. Despite advances in immunotherapy, the inability to specifically eradicate CSCs has led to treatment failure. Hence, identification of appropriate antigen sources is a major challenge in designing dendritic cell (DC)‐based therapeutic strategies against CSCs. Here, in an in vitro model using the HT‐29 colon cancer cell line, we explored the efficacy of DCs loaded with exosomes derived from CSC‐enriched colonospheres (CSCenr‐EXOs) as an antigen source in activating CSC‐specific T‐cell responses. HT‐29 lysate, HT‐29‐EXOs and CSCenr lysate were independently assessed as separate antigen sources. Having confirmed CSCs enrichment in spheroids, CSCenr‐EXOs were purified and characterized, and their impact on DC maturation was investigated. Finally, the impact of the antigen‐pulsed DCs on the proliferation rate and also spheroid destructive capacity of autologous T cells was assessed. CSCenr‐EXOs similar to other antigen groups had no suppressive/negative impacts on phenotypic maturation of DCs as judged by the expression level of costimulatory molecules. Notably, similar to CSCenr lysate, CSCenr‐EXOs significantly increased the IL‐12/IL‐10 ratio in supernatants of mature DCs. CSCenr‐EXO‐loaded DCs effectively promoted T‐cell proliferation. Importantly, T cells stimulated with CSCenr‐EXOs disrupted spheroids' structure. Thus, CSCenr‐EXOs present a novel and promising antigen source that in combination with conventional tumour bulk‐derived antigens should be further explored in pre‐clinical immunotherapeutic settings for the efficacy in hampering recurrence and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Naseri
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Margot Zöller
- Section Pancreas Research, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ranaei Pirmardan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Biomarkers Nano-imaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Eini
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch of Islamic, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bozorgmehr
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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6
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Talwar H, McVicker B, Tobi M. p38γ Activation and BGP (Biliary Glycoprotein) Induction in Primates at Risk for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer-A Comparative Study with Humans. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E720. [PMID: 33276422 PMCID: PMC7712431 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cause of cancer-related deaths largely due to CRC liver metastasis (CRLM). Identification of targetable mechanisms continues and includes investigations into the role of inflammatory pathways. Of interest, MAPK is aberrantly expressed in CRC patients, yet the activation status is not defined. The present study assessed p38γ activation in CRC patients, cancer cells, and tissues of cotton top tamarin (CTT) and common marmoset (CM). The primate world is an overlooked resource as colitis-CRC-prone CTT are usually inure to liver metastasis while CM develop colitis but not CRC. The results demonstrate that p38γ protein and phosphorylation levels are significantly increased in CRC patients compared to normal subjects and CTT. Furthermore, p38γ phosphorylation is significantly elevated in human CRC cells and hepatoblastoma cells but not in CM colon. Additionally, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and biliary glycoprotein (BGP) are induced in the CRC patients that showed p38γ phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 MAPK in CRC cells showed a significant decline in cell growth with no effect on apoptosis or BGP level. Overall, p38γ is activated in CRC tumorigenesis and likely involves CEA antigens during CRLM in humans but not in the CTT or CM, that rarely develop CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder Talwar
- Research and Development VA Medical Center and Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Benita McVicker
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA;
| | - Martin Tobi
- Research and Development Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Detroit VAMC, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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7
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Hassani Najafabadi A, Zhang J, Aikins ME, Najaf Abadi ZI, Liao F, Qin Y, Okeke EB, Scheetz LM, Nam J, Xu Y, Adams D, Lester P, Hetrick T, Schwendeman A, Wicha MS, Chang AE, Li Q, Moon JJ. Cancer Immunotherapy via Targeting Cancer Stem Cells Using Vaccine Nanodiscs. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7783-7792. [PMID: 32926633 PMCID: PMC7572838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) proliferate extensively and drive tumor metastasis and recurrence. CSCs have been identified in over 20 cancer types to date, but it remains unknown how to target and eliminate CSCs in vivo. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a marker that has been used extensively for isolating CSCs. Here we present a novel approach to target and reduce the frequency of ALDHhigh CSCs by vaccination against ALDH. We have identified ALDH1-A1 and ALDH1-A3 epitopes from CSCs and developed synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanodiscs for vaccination against ALDHhigh CSCs. Nanodiscs increased antigen trafficking to lymph nodes and generated robust ALDH-specific T cell responses. Nanodisc vaccination against ALDHhigh CSCs combined with anti-PD-L1 therapy exerted potent antitumor efficacy and prolonged animal survival in multiple murine models. Overall, this is the first demonstration of a simple nanovaccine strategy against CSCs and may lead to new avenues for cancer immunotherapy against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hassani Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Marisa E Aikins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zeynab Izadi Najaf Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fei Liao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Gastroenterology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - You Qin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Emeka B Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lindsay M Scheetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jutaek Nam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David Adams
- Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Patrick Lester
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Taryn Hetrick
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Mahmoodi S, Nezafat N, Negahdaripour M, Ghasemi Y. A New Approach for Cancer Immunotherapy Based on the Cancer Stem Cell Antigens Properties. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:2-11. [PMID: 30714514 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190204114721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare population of tumor cells, which play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, and maintenance. The concept that cancer cells arise from stem cells was presented about 150 years ago. Recently, this hypothesis was renewed considering the heterogeneity of tumor cells. CSCs are resistant to chemo- and radio-therapy. Therefore, targeting CSCs could be a novel and effective strategy to struggle with tumor cells. OBJECTIVE In this mini-review, we highlight that different immunotherapeutic approaches can be used to target cancer cells and eradicate different tumor cells. The most important targets are specific markers recognized on the CSC surface as CSC antigens such as CD44, CD133, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH), and SOX family members. This article emphasizes recent advances in CSCs in cancer therapy. RESULTS Our results present that CSC antigens play an important role in tumor initiation, especially in the cells that are resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy agents. Therefore, they are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy, for instance, in developing different types of cancer vaccines or antibodies against tumor cells. CONCLUSION The current studies related to cancer immunotherapy through targeting the CSC antigens based on their properties are briefly summarized. Altogether, CSC antigens can be efficiently targeted to treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Gupta PK, Dharanivasan G, Misra R, Gupta S, Verma RS. Nanomedicine in Cancer Stem Cell Therapy. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9898-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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10
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Sigal D, Przedborski M, Sivaloganathan D, Kohandel M. Mathematical modelling of cancer stem cell-targeted immunotherapy. Math Biosci 2019; 318:108269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2019.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Qin H, Sheng J, Zhang D, Zhang X, Liu L, Li B, Li G, Zhang Z. New Strategies for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:213-221. [PMID: 30411693 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181109151835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with low response rates to cancer vaccines, short duration of anti-tumor response after vaccination, and relatively weak curative effects are problems that have not been resolved effectively during the development and application of cancer vaccines. With the continuous improvement of knowledge and awareness regarding the immune system and cancer cells, many researches have helped to explain the reasons for poor vaccine efficacy. Input from researchers accompanied by some newly emerged strategies could bring hope to improve the therapeutic effects of vaccines. METHODS Data were collected from Web of Science, Medline, Pubmed, through searching of these keywords: "cancer vaccine", "cancer stem cell", "targeted agent", "immune checkpoint blockade" and "neoantigen". RESULTS It may be more effective in immunotherapy of human cancers, including cancer stem cell vaccines, combination vaccines with targeted agents or immune checkpoint blockade, and neoantigen-based vaccines. CONCLUSION Personalized vaccines will become the mainstream solution of cancer treatment program with the continuous improvement of human understanding of the immune system and the progress of related experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 13033, China
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12
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Zhang B, Dang J, Ba D, Wang C, Han J, Zheng F. Potential function of CTLA-4 in the tumourigenic capacity of melanoma stem cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6163-6170. [PMID: 30344757 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive clinical evidence supports that cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is expressed in a variety of human malignant tumour cells in addition to T cells. In certain types of cancer, the overexpression of CTLA-4 is associated with poor patient prognosis. However, few studies have demonstrated the effects of tumour-intrinsic CTLA-4 in cancer stem cells, including melanoma stem cells (MSCs). In the present study, it was demonstrated that melanoma cell-intrinsic CTLA-4 induced tumour cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed tumour cell apoptosis. Furthermore, CTLA-4 was expressed in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)+ MSCs. CTLA-4 inhibited MSCs proliferation in vitro by blocking antibodies and significantly downregulated ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3 and ALDH2 mRNA expression (P<0.01). Functionally, blocking CTLA-4 in melanoma cell lines suppressed the properties of stem-like cells, including ALDH activity and significantly suppressed the ability of these cells to form spheres in vitro (P<0.05). In addition, the blocking of CTLA-4 in melanoma cells suppressed the properties of stem-like cells in vivo, including the capacity for tumourigenesis. The presence of residual ALDH+ MSCs within the tumour was observed, and the blocking CTLA-4 significantly decreased the number of residual ALDH+ MSCs in vivo (P<0.01). Altogether, these results indicate the identification of a novel mechanism underlying melanoma progression in the present study and that CTLA-4-targeted therapy may benefit candidate CTLA-4-targeted therapy by improving the long-term outcome for patients with advanced stages of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Dang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Diandian Ba
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Cencen Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Juan Han
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Paediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Zhao F, Zhang R, Wang J, Wu D, Pan M, Li M, Guo M, Dou J. Effective tumor immunity to melanoma mediated by B16F10 cancer stem cell vaccine. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:238-244. [PMID: 28950176 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although tumor vaccines have been considered a promising immunotherapy approach, therapeutic tumor vaccines are mostly disappointing in the clinic due to vaccine weak immunogenicity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may broaden the antigenic breadth and effectively induce the immune responses against autologous cancer cells. Here we report on the development of the B16F10 CD133+CD44+CSCs (B16F10 CSCs) vaccine to induce tumor immunity to melanoma in mice. Efficacy of against melanoma was evaluated by analysis of tumor growth and mouse survival. Immunogenicity was assessed by ELISA and flow cytometric assays, including serum cytokines, cytotoxic activity of NK cells and splenocytes in the immunized mice. The results showed that the B16F10 CSC vaccine resulted in tumor shrinkage and mouse lifespan extension. The cytotoxic activity and IFN-γ level were significantly increased in mice immunized with B16F10 CSC vaccine compared with the mice immunized with control vaccines. Additionally, New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1, an efficient tumor associated antigen over-expressed by B16F10 CSCs, was markedly reduced in expression in melanoma tissue, suggesting decrease of CSC subpopulation due to B16F10 CSC vaccination. Collectively, the findings may represent a new powerful approach for treatment of melanoma by B16F10 CSC vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Soluble HLA-associated peptide from PSF1 has a cancer vaccine potency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11137. [PMID: 28894200 PMCID: PMC5593935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Partner of sld five 1 (PSF1) is an evolutionary conserved DNA replication factor involved in DNA replication in lower species, which is strongly expressed in normal stem cell populations and progenitor cell populations. Recently, we have investigated PSF1 functions in cancer cells and found that PSF1 plays a significant role in tumour growth. These findings provide initial evidence for the potential of PSF1 as a therapeutic target. Here, we reveal that PSF1 contains an immunogenic epitope suitable for an antitumour vaccine. We analysed PSF1 peptides eluted from affinity-purified human leukocyte antigen (HLA) by mass spectrometry and identified PSF179-87 peptide (YLYDRLLRI) that has the highest prediction score using an in silico algorithm. PSF179-87 peptide induced PSF1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses such as the production of interferon-γ and cytotoxicity. Because PSF1 is expressed in cancer cell populations and highly expressed in cancer stem cell populations, these data suggest that vaccination with PSF179-87 peptide may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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15
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Singh VK, Saini A, Chandra R. The Implications and Future Perspectives of Nanomedicine for Cancer Stem Cell Targeted Therapies. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:52. [PMID: 28785557 PMCID: PMC5520001 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to exhibit distinctive self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation capabilities, and thus play a significant role in various aspects of cancer. CSCs have significant impacts on the progression of tumors, drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis in different types of malignancies. Due to their primary role, most researchers have focused on developing anti-CSC therapeutic strategies, and tremendous efforts have been put to explore methods for selective eradication of these therapeutically resistant CSCs. In recent years, many reports have shown the use of CSCs-specific approaches such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, blockade of self-renewal and survival of CSCs, CSCs surface markers targeted drugs delivery and eradication of the tumor microenvironment. Also, various therapeutic agents such as small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, and antibodies are said to destroy CSCs selectively. Targeted drug delivery holds the key to the success of most of the anti-CSCs based drugs/therapies. The convention CSCs-specific therapeutic agents, suffer from various problems. For instance, limited water solubility, small circulation time and inconsistent stability of conventional therapeutic agents have significantly limited their efficacy. Recent advancement in the drug delivery technology has demonstrated that specially designed nanocarrier-based drug delivery approaches (nanomedicine) can be useful in delivering sufficient amount of drug molecules even in the most interiors of CSCs niches and thus can overcome the limitations associated with the conventional free drug delivery methods. The nanomedicine has also been promising in designing effective therapeutic regime against pump-mediated drug resistance (ATP-driven) and reduces detrimental effects on normal stem cells. Here we focus on the biological processes regulating CSCs' drug resistance and various strategies developed so far to deal with them. We also review the various nanomedicine approaches developed so far to overcome these CSCs related issues and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal K. Singh
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Saini
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
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Canter RJ, Grossenbacher SK, Ames E, Murphy WJ. Immune targeting of cancer stem cells in gastrointestinal oncology. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:S1-S10. [PMID: 27034806 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that a sub-population of quiescent cells exist within tumors which are resistant to conventional cytotoxic/anti-proliferative therapies. It is these CSCs which then seed tumor relapse, even in cases of apparent complete response to systemic therapy. Therefore, therapies, such as immunotherapy, which add a specific anti-CSC strategy to standard cytoreductive treatments may provide a promising new direction for future cancer therapies. CSCs are an attractive target for immune therapies since, unlike chemotherapy or radiotherapy, immune effector cells do not specifically require target cells to be proliferating in order to effectively kill them. Although recent advances have been made in the development of novel systemic and targeted therapies for advanced gastro-intestinal (GI) malignancies, there remains an unmet need for durable new therapies for these refractory malignancies. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CSCs are in pre-clinical and clinical development across the spectrum of the immune system, including strategies utilizing adaptive immune cell-based effectors, innate immune effectors, as well as vaccine approaches. Lastly, since important CSC functions are affected by the tumor microenvironment, targeting of both cellular (myeloid derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages) and sub-cellular (cytokines, chemokines, and PD1/PDL1) components of the tumor microenvironment is under investigation in the immune targeting of CSCs. These efforts are adding to the significant optimism about the potential utility of immunotherapy to overcome cancer resistance mechanisms and cure greater numbers of patients with advanced malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Canter
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, 2 Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Dermatology, 3 Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Steven K Grossenbacher
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, 2 Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Dermatology, 3 Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Erik Ames
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, 2 Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Dermatology, 3 Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, 2 Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Dermatology, 3 Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Méry B, Guy JB, Espenel S, Wozny AS, Simonet S, Vallard A, Alphonse G, Ardail D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Magné N. Targeting head and neck tumoral stem cells: From biological aspects to therapeutic perspectives. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:13-21. [PMID: 26839637 PMCID: PMC4723718 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Effective therapeutic modalities such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and combinations of each are used in the management of the disease. In most cases, treatment fails to obtain total cancer cure. In recent years, it appears that one of the key determinants of treatment failure may be the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that escape currently available therapies. CSCs form a small portion of the total tumor burden but may play a disproportionately important role in determining outcomes. CSCs have stem features such as self-renewal, high migration capacity, drug resistance, high proliferation abilities. A large body of evidence points to the fact that CSCs are particularly resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In HNSCC, CSCs have been increasingly shown to have an integral role in tumor initiation, disease progression, metastasis and treatment resistance. In the light of such observations, the present review summarizes biological characteristics of CSCs in HNSCC, outlines targeted strategies for the successful eradication of CSCs in HNSCC including targeting the self-renewal controlling pathways, blocking epithelial mesenchymal transition, niche targeting, immunotherapy approaches and highlights the need to better understand CSCs biology for new treatments modalities.
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18
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Guo M, Dou J. Advances and perspectives of colorectal cancer stem cell vaccine. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:107-20. [PMID: 26653557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is essentially an environmental and genetic disease featured by uncontrolled cell growth and the capability to invade other parts of the body by forming metastases, which inconvertibly cause great damage to tissues and organs. It has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in the developed countries such as United States, and approximately 1.2 million new cases are yearly diagnosed worldwide, with the death rate of more than 600,000 annually and incidence rates are increasing in most developing countries. Apart from the generally accepted theory that pathogenesis of colorectal cancer consists of genetic mutation of a certain target cell and diversifications in tumor microenvironment, the colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) theory makes a different explanation, stating that among millions of colon cancer cells there is a specific and scanty cellular population which possess the capability of self-renewal, differentiation and strong oncogenicity, and is tightly responsible for drug resistance and tumor metastasis. Based on these characteristics, CCSCs are becoming a novel target cells both in the clinical and the basic studies, especially the study of CCSCs vaccines due to induced efficient immune response against CCSCs. This review provides an overview of CCSCs and preparation technics and targeting factors related to CCSCs vaccines in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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19
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Wu D, Wang J, Cai Y, Ren M, Zhang Y, Shi F, Zhao F, He X, Pan M, Yan C, Dou J. Effect of targeted ovarian cancer immunotherapy using ovarian cancer stem cell vaccine. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:68. [PMID: 26497895 PMCID: PMC4620009 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has shown that different immunotherapies for ovarian cancer might overcome barriers to resistance to standard chemotherapy. The vaccine immunotherapy may be a useful one addition to conditional chemotherapy regimens. The present study investigated the use of vaccine of ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs) to inhibit ovarian cancer growth. Methods CD117+CD44+CSCs were isolated from human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) SKOV3 cell line by using a magnetic-activated cell sorting system. Pre-inactivated CD117+CD44+CSC vaccine was vacccinated into athymic nude mice three times, and then the mice were challenged subcutaneously with SKOV3 cells. The anti-tumor efficacy of CSC vaccine was envaluated by in vivo tumorigenicity, immune efficient analysis by flow cytometer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Results The CD117+ CD44+CSC vaccine increased anti-ovarian cancer efficacy in that it depressed ovarian cancer growth in the athymic nude mice. Vaccination resulted in enhanced serum IFN-γ, decreased TGF-β levels, and increased cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in the CD117+ CD44+CSC vaccine immunized mice. Moreover, the CSC-based vaccine significantly reduced the CD117+CD44+CSC as well as the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 positive cell populations in the ovarian cancer tissues in the xenograft mice. Conclusion The present study provided the first evidence that human SKOV3 CD117+ CD44+CSC-based vaccine may induce the anti-ovarian cancer immunity against tumor growth by reducing the CD117+CD44+CSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yunlang Cai
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Mulan Ren
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226361, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chunguang Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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20
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Shen S, Xia JX, Wang J. Nanomedicine-mediated cancer stem cell therapy. Biomaterials 2015; 74:1-18. [PMID: 26433488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence suggests that most tumours are heterogeneous and contain a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that exhibit distinctive self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capabilities, which are believed to play a crucial role in tumour progression, drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis in multiple malignancies. Given that the existence of CSCs is a primary obstacle to cancer therapy, a tremendous amount of effort has been put into the development of anti-CSC strategies, and several potential approaches to kill therapeutically-resistant CSCs have been explored, including inhibiting ATP-binding cassette transporters, blocking essential signalling pathways involved in self-renewal and survival of CSCs, targeting CSCs surface markers and destroying the tumour microenvironment. Meanwhile, an increasing number of therapeutic agents (e.g. small molecule drugs, nucleic acids and antibodies) to selectively target CSCs have been screened or proposed in recent years. Drug delivery technology-based approaches hold great potential for tackling the limitations impeding clinical applications of CSC-specific agents, such as poor water solubility, short circulation time and inconsistent stability. Properly designed nanocarrier-based therapeutic agents (or nanomedicines) offer new possibilities of penetrating CSC niches and significantly increasing therapeutic drug accumulation in CSCs, which are difficult for free drug counterparts. In addition, intelligent nanomedicine holds great promise to overcome pump-mediated multidrug resistance which is driven by ATP and to decrease detrimental effects on normal somatic stem cells. In this review, we summarise the distinctive biological processes related to CSCs to highlight strategies against inherently drug-resistant CSCs. We then focus on some representative examples that give a glimpse into state-of-the-art nanomedicine approaches developed for CSCs elimination. A perspective on innovative therapeutic strategies and the potential direction of nanomedicine-based CSC therapy in the near future is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Shen
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Jin-Xing Xia
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China; High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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Qian X, Ma C, Nie X, Lu J, Lenarz M, Kaufmann AM, Albers AE. Biology and immunology of cancer stem(-like) cells in head and neck cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:337-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Lu L, Tao H, Chang AE, Hu Y, Shu G, Chen Q, Egenti M, Owen J, Moyer JS, Prince ME, Huang S, Wicha MS, Xia JC, Li Q. Cancer stem cell vaccine inhibits metastases of primary tumors and induces humoral immune responses against cancer stem cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e990767. [PMID: 25949905 PMCID: PMC4404925 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.990767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability to target cancer stem cells (CSC) may be a significant factor contributing to treatment failure. We have developed a strategy to target the CSC populations in melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma using CSC lysate-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs). The CSC-DC vaccine was administered in the adjuvant setting after localized radiation therapy of established tumors. Using mouse models we demonstrated that DCs pulsed with CSCs enriched by virtue of their expression of the CSC marker ALDH (termed CSC-DC) significantly inhibited tumor growth, reduced development of pulmonary metastases and prolonged survival. The effect was associated with downregulation of chemokine (C-C motif) receptors CCR7 and CCR10 in tumor cells and decreased expression of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligands CCL21, CCL27 and CCL28 in lung tissue. The CSC-DC vaccine significantly reduced ALDHhigh CSC frequency in primary tumors. Direct targeting of CSCs was demonstrated by the specific binding of IgG produced by ALDHhigh CSC-DC vaccine-primed B cells to ALDHhigh CSCs, resulting in lysis of these target CSCs in the presence of complement. These data suggest that the CSC-DC vaccine approach may be useful in the adjuvant setting where local and systemic relapse are high after conventional treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA ; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Tao
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA ; Center for Stem Cell Research and Application; Institute of Hematology; Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College ; Huazhong University of Science and Technology ; Wuhan, China
| | - Alfred E Chang
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - Yangyang Hu
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA ; Center for Stem Cell Research and Application; Institute of Hematology; Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College ; Huazhong University of Science and Technology ; Wuhan, China
| | - Guoshun Shu
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA ; Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University ; Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Quanning Chen
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA ; Department of General Surgery; Tongji Hospital of Tongji University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Martin Egenti
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - John Owen
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - Jeffrey S Moyer
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - Mark Ep Prince
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - Shiang Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application; Institute of Hematology; Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College ; Huazhong University of Science and Technology ; Wuhan, China
| | - Max S Wicha
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Li
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Cente; Ann Arbor , MI USA
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23
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Matchett KB, Lappin TR. Concise Reviews: Cancer Stem Cells: From Concept to Cure. Stem Cells 2014; 32:2563-70. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Matchett
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast United Kingdom
| | - T. R. Lappin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast United Kingdom
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Schirrmacher V, Fournier P, Schlag P. Autologous tumor cell vaccines for post-operative active-specific immunotherapy of colorectal carcinoma: long-term patient survival and mechanism of function. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:117-30. [PMID: 24219122 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.854169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Surgery remains the primary curative treatment but nearly 50% of patients relapse as consequence of micrometastatic or minimal residual disease (MRD) at the time of surgery. Spontaneous T-cell-mediated immune responses to CRC tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in tumor-draining lymph nodes and in the bone marrow (BM) lead to infiltration of the tumors by lymphocytes. Certain types of such tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have a positive and others a negative impact on the patients' prognosis. This review focuses on advances in CRC active-specific immunotherapy (ASI), in particular on results from randomized controlled clinical studies employing therapeutic autologous tumor cell vaccines. The observed improvement of long-term survival is explained by activation and mobilization of a pre-existing repertoire of tumor-reactive memory T cells which, according to recent discoveries, reside in distinct niches of patients' bone marrow in neighborhood with hematopoietic (HSC) and mesenchymal (MSC) stem cells. Interestingly, memory T cells also contain a subset of stem memory T cells (SMTs) in addition to effector (EMTs) and central memory T cells (CMTs). The mechanism of function of a therapeutic vaccine in a chronic disease is distinct from that of prophylactic vaccines which have to generate de novo protective immune responses. The advantage of autologous vaccines for mobilization of a broad and highly individual repertoire of memory T cells will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schirrmacher
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Luo H, Zeng C, Fang C, Seeruttun SR, Lv L, Wang W. A new strategy using ALDHhigh-CD8+T cells to inhibit tumorigenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103193. [PMID: 25105957 PMCID: PMC4126683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, many studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation, tumorigenesis, metastasis and recurrence. CSCs have been identified from various human and murine tumors. The identification of CSCs allows us to develop strategies to target the CSCs. Methods and Results In this study, we used ALDEFLUOR as a single marker to isolate the CSCs from the human lung cancer cell line H460. We then characterized the CSCs by testing their sphere formation ability and tumorigenicity. Furthermore, we used CSC lysate-pulsed dendritic cells to stimulate CD8+T cells as a treatment strategy. Our study demonstrated that ALDEFLUOR could be used as a single marker to identify CSCs from the human lung cancer cell line H460. The ALDHhigh cells could form more spheres and were more tumorigenic than the ALDHlow cells. Further study demonstrated that ALDHhigh-CD8+T cells conferred more significant antitumor effects, resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival. And the ALDHhigh-CD8+T cells-mediated anti-tumor immunity might be due to the directly targeting against ALDHhigh cancer stem cells (CSCs). Conclusions This study shows that ALDHhigh-CD8+T cells mediate anti-tumor immunity by selectively targeting cancer stem cells, which result in inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice, which provides a new strategy using ALDHhigh-CD8+T cells to treat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Luo
- Department of Oncology, the Third People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, P. R. China
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sharvesh Raj Seeruttun
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WW); (LL)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WW); (LL)
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Prophylactic cancer vaccine, from concept to reality? CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yu L, Liu S, Zhang C, Zhang B, Simões BM, Eyre R, Liang Y, Yan H, Wu Z, Guo W, Clarke RB. Enrichment of human osteosarcoma stem cells based on hTERT transcriptional activity. Oncotarget 2013; 4:2326-38. [PMID: 24334332 PMCID: PMC3926830 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is crucial for the maintenance of stem/progenitor cells in adult tissues and is detected in most malignant cancers, including osteosarcoma. However, the relationship between telomerase expression and cancer stem cells remains unknown. We observed that sphere-derived osteosarcoma cells had higher telomerase activity, indicating that telomerase activity might be enriched in osteosarcoma stem cells. We sorted subpopulations with high or low telomerase activity (TEL) using hTERT transcriptional promoter-induced green fluorescent protein (GFP). The TELpos cells showed an increased sphere and tumor propagating capacity compared to TELneg cells, and enhanced stem cell-like properties such as invasiveness, metastatic activity and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the telomerase inhibitor MST312 prevented tumorigenic potential both in vitro and in vivo, preferentially targeting the TELpos cells. These data support telomerase inhibition as a potential targeted therapy for osteosarcoma stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Bruno M. Simões
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Eyre
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and the Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Huichao Yan
- Opening Laboratory for Oversea Scientists, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tumor Hospital Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Robert B. Clarke
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
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