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Fang Y, Barrows D, Dabas Y, Carroll T, Singer S, Tap W, Nacev B. ATRX guards against aberrant differentiation in mesenchymal progenitor cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4950-4968. [PMID: 38477352 PMCID: PMC11109985 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the tumor suppressor ATRX are recurrently observed in mesenchymal neoplasms. ATRX has multiple epigenetic functions including heterochromatin formation and maintenance and regulation of transcription through modulation of chromatin accessibility. Here, we show in murine mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) that Atrx deficiency aberrantly activated mesenchymal differentiation programs. This includes adipogenic pathways where ATRX loss induced expression of adipogenic transcription factors and enhanced adipogenic differentiation in response to differentiation stimuli. These changes are linked to loss of heterochromatin near mesenchymal lineage genes together with increased chromatin accessibility and gains of active chromatin marks. We additionally observed depletion of H3K9me3 at transposable elements, which are derepressed including near mesenchymal genes where they could serve as regulatory elements. Finally, we demonstrated that loss of ATRX in a mesenchymal malignancy, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, results in similar epigenetic disruption and de-repression of transposable elements. Together, our results reveal a role for ATRX in maintaining epigenetic states and transcriptional repression in mesenchymal progenitors and tumor cells and in preventing aberrant differentiation in the progenitor context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065, USA
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Douglas Barrows
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Yakshi Dabas
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Sam Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Benjamin A Nacev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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2
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Ranji P, Jonasson E, Andersson L, Filges S, Luna Santamaría M, Vannas C, Dolatabadi S, Gustafsson A, Myklebost O, Håkansson J, Fagman H, Landberg G, Åman P, Ståhlberg A. Deciphering the role of FUS::DDIT3 expression and tumor microenvironment in myxoid liposarcoma development. J Transl Med 2024; 22:389. [PMID: 38671504 PMCID: PMC11046918 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) displays a distinctive tumor microenvironment and is characterized by the FUS::DDIT3 fusion oncogene, however, the precise functional contributions of these two elements remain enigmatic in tumor development. METHODS To study the cell-free microenvironment in MLS, we developed an experimental model system based on decellularized patient-derived xenograft tumors. We characterized the cell-free scaffold using mass spectrometry. Subsequently, scaffolds were repopulated using sarcoma cells with or without FUS::DDIT3 expression that were analyzed with histology and RNA sequencing. RESULTS Characterization of cell-free MLS scaffolds revealed intact structure and a large variation of protein types remaining after decellularization. We demonstrated an optimal culture time of 3 weeks and showed that FUS::DDIT3 expression decreased cell proliferation and scaffold invasiveness. The cell-free MLS microenvironment and FUS::DDIT3 expression both induced biological processes related to cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions, as well as chromatin remodeling, immune response, and metabolism. Data indicated that FUS::DDIT3 expression more than the microenvironment determined the pre-adipocytic phenotype that is typical for MLS. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental approach opens new means to study the tumor microenvironment in detail and our findings suggest that FUS::DDIT3-expressing tumor cells can create their own extracellular niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmida Ranji
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Jonasson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Filges
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manuel Luna Santamaría
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Vannas
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Soheila Dolatabadi
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Gustafsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- RISE Unit of Biological Function, Division Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Åman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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3
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Diaz-Perez JA, Kerr DA. Gene of the month: DDIT3. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:211-216. [PMID: 38053287 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-208963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) gene, mapped to the human chromosome 12q13.3, encodes a protein that belongs to the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family of transcription factors. DDIT3 is involved in the proliferative control that responds to endoplasmic reticulum stress in normal conditions, dimerising other transcription factors with basic leucine zipper (bZIP) structural motifs. DDIT3 plays a significant role during cell differentiation, especially adipogenesis, arresting the maturation of adipoblasts. In disease, FUS/EWSR1::DDIT3 fusion is the pathogenic event that drives the development of myxoid liposarcoma. The amplification of DDIT3 in other adipocytic neoplasms mediates the presence of adipoblast-like elements. Another fusion, GLI1::DDIT3, has rarely been documented in other tumours. This paper reviews the structure and function of DDIT3, its role in disease-particularly cancer-and its use and pitfalls in diagnostic testing, including immunohistochemistry as a tissue-based marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Diaz-Perez
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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4
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Tanaka M, Nakamura T. Targeting epigenetic aberrations of sarcoma in CRISPR era. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:510-525. [PMID: 36967299 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare malignancies that exhibit diverse biological, genetic, morphological, and clinical characteristics. Genetic alterations, such as gene fusions, mutations in transcriptional machinery components, histones, and DNA methylation regulatory molecules, play an essential role in sarcomagenesis. These mutations induce and/or cooperate with specific epigenetic aberrations required for the growth and maintenance of sarcomas. Appropriate mouse models have been developed to clarify the significance of genetic and epigenetic interactions in sarcomas. Studies using the mouse models for human sarcomas have demonstrated major advances in our understanding the developmental processes as well as tumor microenvironment of sarcomas. Recent technological progresses in epigenome editing will not only improve the studies using animal models but also provide a direct clue for epigenetic therapies. In this manuscript, we review important epigenetic aberrations in sarcomas and their representative mouse models, current methods of epigenetic editing using CRISPR/dCas9 systems, and potential applications in sarcoma studies and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Tanaka
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Fang Y, Barrows D, Dabas Y, Carroll TS, Tap WD, Nacev BA. ATRX guards against aberrant differentiation in mesenchymal progenitor cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.08.552433. [PMID: 37609273 PMCID: PMC10441338 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.08.552433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the tumor suppressor ATRX are recurrently observed in several cancer types including sarcomas, which are mesenchymal neoplasms. ATRX has multiple epigenetic functions including heterochromatin formation and maintenance and regulation of transcription through modulation of chromatin accessibility. Here, we show in murine mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) that Atrx deficiency aberrantly activated mesenchymal differentiation programs. This includes adipogenic pathways where ATRX loss induced expression of adipogenic transcription factors (Pparγ and Cebpα) and enhanced adipogenic differentiation in response to differentiation stimuli. These changes are linked to loss of heterochromatin near mesenchymal lineage genes together with increased chromatin accessibility and gains of active chromatin marks at putative enhancer elements and promoters. Finally, we observed depletion of H3K9me3 at transposable elements, which are derepressed including near mesenchymal genes where they could serve as regulatory elements. Our results demonstrate that ATRX functions to buffer against differentiation in mesenchymal progenitor cells, which has implications for understanding ATRX loss of function in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Douglas Barrows
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Yakshi Dabas
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - William D. Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Benjamin A. Nacev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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6
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Fusion protein-driven IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT signals deregulate Hippo pathway promoting oncogenic cooperation of YAP1 and FUS-DDIT3 in myxoid liposarcoma. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:20. [PMID: 35459264 PMCID: PMC9033823 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) represents a common subtype of liposarcoma molecularly characterized by a recurrent chromosomal translocation that generates a chimeric FUS-DDIT3 fusion gene. The FUS-DDIT3 oncoprotein has been shown to be crucial in MLS pathogenesis. Acting as a transcriptional dysregulator, FUS-DDIT3 stimulates proliferation and interferes with adipogenic differentiation. As the fusion protein represents a therapeutically challenging target, a profound understanding of MLS biology is elementary to uncover FUS-DDIT3-dependent molecular vulnerabilities. Recently, a specific reliance on the Hippo pathway effector and transcriptional co-regulator YAP1 was detected in MLS; however, details on the molecular mechanism of FUS-DDIT3-dependent YAP1 activation, and YAP1´s precise mode of action remain unclear. In elaborate in vitro studies, employing RNA interference-based approaches, small-molecule inhibitors, and stimulation experiments with IGF-II, we show that FUS-DDIT3-driven IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT signaling promotes stability and nuclear accumulation of YAP1 via deregulation of the Hippo pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays revealed nuclear co-localization of FUS-DDIT3 and YAP1/TEAD in FUS-DDIT3-expressing mesenchymal stem cells and MLS cell lines. Transcriptome sequencing of MLS cells demonstrated that FUS-DDIT3 and YAP1 co-regulate oncogenic gene signatures related to proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. In adipogenic differentiation assays, we show that YAP1 critically contributes to FUS-DDIT3-mediated adipogenic differentiation arrest. Taken together, our study provides mechanistic insights into a complex FUS-DDIT3-driven network involving IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT signals acting on Hippo/YAP1, and uncovers substantial cooperative effects of YAP1 and FUS-DDIT3 in the pathogenesis of MLS.
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7
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Different HSP90 Inhibitors Exert Divergent Effect on Myxoid Liposarcoma In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030624. [PMID: 35327426 PMCID: PMC8945459 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic options for patients with relapsed or metastatic myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) remain scarce and there is currently no targeted therapy available. Inhibition of the HSP90 family of chaperones has been suggested as a possible therapeutic option for patients with MLS. However, the clinical effect of different HSP90 inhibitors vary considerably and no comparative study in MLS has been performed. Here, we evaluated the effects of the HSP90 inhibitors 17-DMAG, AUY922 and STA-9090 on MLS cell lines and in an MLS patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Albeit all drugs inhibited in vitro growth of MLS cell lines, the in vivo responses were discrepant. Whereas 17-DMAG inhibited tumor growth, AUY922 surprisingly led to increased tumor growth and a more aggressive morphological phenotype. In vitro, 17-DMAG and STA-9090 reduced the activity of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, whereas AUY922 led to a compensatory upregulation of downstream ERK. Furthermore, all three tested HSP90 inhibitors displayed a synergistic combination effect with trabectidin, but not with doxorubicin. In conclusion, our results indicate that different HSP90 inhibitors, albeit having the same target, can vary significantly in downstream effects and treatment outcomes. These results should be considered before proceeding into clinical trials against MLS or other malignancies.
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8
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Noncanonical roles of p53 in cancer stemness and their implications in sarcomas. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:131-145. [PMID: 34742870 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of the prominent tumor suppressor p53, well known for its canonical role as the "guardian of the genome", is found in almost half of human cancers. More recently, p53 has been suggested to be a crucial regulator of stemness, orchestrating the differentiation of embryonal and adult stem cells, suppressing reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells, or inhibiting cancer stemness (i.e., cancer stem cells, CSCs), which underlies the development of therapy-resistant tumors. This review addresses these noncanonical roles of p53 and their implications in sarcoma initiation and progression. Indeed, dysregulation of p53 family proteins is a common event in sarcomas and is associated with poor survival. Additionally, emerging studies have demonstrated that loss of wild-type p53 activity hinders the terminal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and leads to the development of aggressive sarcomas. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of aberrant p53 in sarcoma development and stemness and further describes therapeutic approaches to restore normal p53 activity as a promising anti-CSC strategy to treat refractory sarcomas.
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9
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Damerell V, Ambele MA, Salisbury S, Neumann-Mufweba A, Durandt C, Pepper MS, Prince S. The c-Myc/TBX3 Axis Promotes Cellular Transformation of Sarcoma-Initiating Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 11:801691. [PMID: 35145908 PMCID: PMC8821881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are highly aggressive cancers of mesenchymal origin whose clinical management is highly complex. This is partly due to a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the transformation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) which are presumed to be the sarcoma-initiating cells. c-Myc is amplified/overexpressed in a range of sarcomas where it has an established oncogenic role and there is evidence that it contributes to the malignant transformation of MSCs. T-box transcription factor 3 (TBX3) is upregulated by c-Myc in a host of sarcoma subtypes where it promotes proliferation, tumor formation, migration, and invasion. This study investigated whether TBX3 is a c-Myc target in human MSCs (hMSCs) and whether overexpressing TBX3 in hMSCs can phenocopy c-Myc overexpression to promote malignant transformation. Using siRNA, qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays, we show that c-Myc binds and directly activates TBX3 transcription in hMSCs at a conserved E-box motif. When hMSCs were engineered to stably overexpress TBX3 using lentiviral gene transfer and the resulting cells characterised in 2D and 3D, the overexpression of TBX3 was shown to promote self-renewal, bypass senescence, and enhance proliferation which corresponded with increased levels of cell cycle progression markers (cyclin A, cyclin B1, CDK2) and downregulation of the p14ARF/MDM2/p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Furthermore, TBX3 promoted the migratory and invasive ability of hMSCs which associated with increased levels of markers of migration (Vimentin, SLUG, SNAIL, TWIST1) and invasion (MMP2, MMP9). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes upregulated upon TBX3 overexpression overlapped with c-myc targets, were involved in cell cycle progression, and were associated with sarcomagenesis. Together, the data described indicate that the c-Myc/TBX3 oncogenic molecular pathway may be a key mechanism that transforms hMSCs into sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Damerell
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melvin Anyasi Ambele
- Department of Immunology and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shanel Salisbury
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexis Neumann-Mufweba
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Durandt
- Department of Immunology and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael Sean Pepper
- Department of Immunology and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Sharon Prince,
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10
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Romecín PA, Vinyoles M, López-Millán B, de la Guardia RD, Atucha NM, Querol S, Bueno C, Benitez R, Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M, Menéndez P. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:88-96. [PMID: 35641173 PMCID: PMC8895490 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal stem/cells (MSC) therapies are clinically used in a wide range of disorders based on their robust HLA-independent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms underlying MSC therapeutic activity remain elusive as demonstrated by the unpredictable therapeutic efficacy of MSC infusions reported in multiple clinical trials. A seminal recent study showed that infused MSCs are actively induced to undergo apoptosis by recipient cytotoxic T cells, a mechanism that triggers in vivo recipient-induced immunomodulation by such apoptotic MSCs, and the need for such recipient cytotoxic cell activity could be replaced by the administration of ex vivo-generated apoptotic MSCs. Moreover, the use of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) is being actively explored as a cell-free therapeutic alternative over the parental MSCs. We hypothesized that the introduction of a “suicide gene” switch into MSCs may offer on-demand in vivo apoptosis of transplanted MSCs. Here, we prompted to investigate the utility of the iCasp9/AP1903 suicide gene system in inducing apoptosis of MSCs. iCasp9/AP1903-induced apoptotic MSCs (MSCiCasp9+) were tested in vitro and in in vivo models of acute colitis. Our data show a very similar and robust immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of both “parental” alive MSCGFP+ cells and apoptotic MSCiCasp9+ cells in vitro and in vivo regardless of whether apoptosis was induced in vivo or in vitro before administering MSCiCasp9+ lysates. This development of an efficient iCasp9 switch may potentiate the safety of MSC-based therapies in the case of an adverse event and, will also circumvent current logistic technical limitations and biological uncertainties associated to MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Alejandra Romecín
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- RICORS-TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Paola Alejandra Romecin, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Carrer Casanova 143, 4º floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. Tel: (+34) 93 5572810;
| | | | - Belén López-Millán
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- RICORS-TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- GENYO, Centro Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Diaz de la Guardia
- GENYO, Centro Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Granada, Spain
| | - Noemi M Atucha
- Departamento de Fisiologia Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergi Querol
- RICORS-TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- RICORS-TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Benitez
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina López-Neyra (IPBLN-CSIC), Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina López-Neyra (IPBLN-CSIC), Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina López-Neyra (IPBLN-CSIC), Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- RICORS-TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author: Pablo Menéndez, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Carrer Casanova 143, 4º floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. Tel: (+34) 93 5572810;
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11
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Kunieda J, Yamashita K, Togashi Y, Baba S, Sakata S, Inamura K, Ae K, Matsumoto S, Machinami R, Kitagawa M, Takeuchi K. High prevalence of TERT aberrations in myxoid liposarcoma: TERT reactivation may play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:1078-1089. [PMID: 34971481 PMCID: PMC8898734 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) is genetically characterized by FUS‐DDIT3 or EWSR1‐DDIT3 gene fusion and the high frequency of hotspot mutations (C228T or C250T) in the promoter region of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) that encodes the TERT protein. The latter leads to telomerase reactivation, a mechanism of telomere maintenance. Although the TERT promoter hotspot mutation is a poor prognostic factor in various tumors, its effect on MLPS has not been reported in detail. In the present study, we examined the clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and telomere maintenance mechanisms in 83 primary tumor samples of MLPS, which were resected surgically at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan, from 2008 to 2020. TERT promoter hotspot mutations were observed in 77% (63/82) cases, and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) was absent in all cases. Among the cases without TERT promoter hotspot mutations, TERT rearrangements, and minor point mutations in the TERT promoter region were found in 3 and 2 cases, respectively. TERT mRNA expression was observed consistently even in patients for whom no genomic TERT aberrations were detected, and the presence of TERT promoter hotspot mutation did not correlate significantly with either overall and metastasis‐free survival (P = .56, P = .83, respectively) or clinicopathological features. Therefore, patients with MLPS characteristically shows TERT expression and a high prevalence of TERT aberrations. Our findings suggest that TERT aberration is not prognostic factor, but might occur at an early stage and play a key role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kunieda
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Togashi
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Baba
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Sakata
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ae
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikuo Machinami
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kawakita General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Estupiñán Ó, Niza E, Bravo I, Rey V, Tornín J, Gallego B, Clemente-Casares P, Moris F, Ocaña A, Blanco-Lorenzo V, Rodríguez-Santamaría M, Vallina-Álvarez A, González MV, Rodríguez A, Hermida-Merino D, Alonso-Moreno C, Rodríguez R. Mithramycin delivery systems to develop effective therapies in sarcomas. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:267. [PMID: 34488783 PMCID: PMC8419920 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomas comprise a group of aggressive malignancies with very little treatment options beyond standard chemotherapy. Reposition of approved drugs represents an attractive approach to identify effective therapeutic compounds. One example is mithramycin (MTM), a natural antibiotic which has demonstrated a strong antitumour activity in several tumour types, including sarcomas. However, its widespread use in the clinic was limited by its poor toxicity profile. RESULTS In order to improve the therapeutic index of MTM, we have loaded MTM into newly developed nanocarrier formulations. First, polylactide (PLA) polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) were generated by nanoprecipitation. Also, liposomes (LIP) were prepared by ethanol injection and evaporation solvent method. Finally, MTM-loaded hydrogels (HG) were obtained by passive loading using a urea derivative non-peptidic hydrogelator. MTM-loaded NPs and LIP display optimal hydrodynamic radii between 80 and 105 nm with a very low polydispersity index (PdI) and encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of 92 and 30%, respectively. All formulations show a high stability and different release rates ranging from a fast release in HG (100% after 30 min) to more sustained release from NPs (100% after 24 h) and LIP (40% after 48 h). In vitro assays confirmed that all assayed MTM formulations retain the cytotoxic, anti-invasive and anti-stemness potential of free MTM in models of myxoid liposarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and chondrosarcoma. In addition, whole genome transcriptomic analysis evidenced the ability of MTM, both free and encapsulated, to act as a multi-repressor of several tumour-promoting pathways at once. Importantly, the treatment of mice bearing sarcoma xenografts showed that encapsulated MTM exhibited enhanced therapeutic effects and was better tolerated than free MTM. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these novel formulations may represent an efficient and safer MTM-delivering alternative for sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Estupiñán
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Niza
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008, Albacete, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008, Albacete, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Verónica Rey
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Tornín
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Materials Science and Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Escola d'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), 08019, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Gallego
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar Clemente-Casares
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, 02008, Albacete, Spain.,Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), UCLM, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Ocaña
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Blanco-Lorenzo
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Santamaría
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aitana Vallina-Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Victoria González
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aida Rodríguez
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008, Albacete, Spain. .,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, 02008, Albacete, Spain.
| | - René Rodríguez
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain. .,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain. .,CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Engraftment characterization of risk-stratified AML patients in NSGS mice. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4842-4854. [PMID: 34470043 PMCID: PMC9153030 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PDXs from risk-stratified AML samples are crucial for studying AML biology and testing novel therapeutics. We characterize human AML engraftment in NSGS mice, offering a valuable platform for in vivo testing of targeted therapies.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. Disease heterogeneity is well documented, and patient stratification determines treatment decisions. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from risk-stratified AML are crucial for studying AML biology and testing novel therapeutics. Despite recent advances in PDX modeling of AML, reproducible engraftment of human AML is primarily limited to high-risk (HR) cases, with inconsistent or very protracted engraftment observed for favorable-risk (FR) and intermediate-risk (IR) patients. We used NSGS mice to characterize the engraftment robustness/kinetics of 28 AML patient samples grouped according to molecular/cytogenetic classification and assessed whether the orthotopic coadministration of patient-matched bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MSCs) improves AML engraftment. PDX event-free survival correlated well with the predictable prognosis of risk-stratified AML patients. The majority (85-94%) of the mice were engrafted in bone marrow (BM) independently of the risk group, although HR AML patients showed engraftment levels that were significantly superior to those of FR or IR AML patients. Importantly, the engraftment levels observed in NSGS mice by week 6 remained stable over time. Serial transplantation and long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays revealed long-term engraftment limited to HR AML patients, fitter leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) in HR AML samples, and the presence of AML LICs in the CD34− leukemic fraction, regardless of the risk group. Finally, orthotopic coadministration of patient-matched BM MSCs and AML cells was dispensable for BM engraftment levels but favored peripheralization of engrafted AML cells. This comprehensive characterization of human AML engraftment in NSGS mice offers a valuable platform for in vivo testing of targeted therapies in risk-stratified AML patient samples.
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14
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Damerell V, Pepper MS, Prince S. Molecular mechanisms underpinning sarcomas and implications for current and future therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:246. [PMID: 34188019 PMCID: PMC8241855 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are complex mesenchymal neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Their clinical management is highly challenging due to their heterogeneity and insensitivity to current treatments. Although there have been advances in understanding specific genomic alterations and genetic mutations driving sarcomagenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms, which are likely to be unique for each sarcoma subtype, are not fully understood. This is in part due to a lack of consensus on the cells of origin, but there is now mounting evidence that they originate from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). To identify novel treatment strategies for sarcomas, research in recent years has adopted a mechanism-based search for molecular markers for targeted therapy which has included recapitulating sarcomagenesis using in vitro and in vivo MSC models. This review provides a comprehensive up to date overview of the molecular mechanisms that underpin sarcomagenesis, the contribution of MSCs to modelling sarcomagenesis in vivo, as well as novel topics such as the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)/mesenchymal-to-epithelial-transition (MET) plasticity, exosomes, and microRNAs in sarcomagenesis. It also reviews current therapeutic options including ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies for targeted sarcoma therapy and discusses new therapeutic avenues such as targeting recently identified molecular pathways and key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Damerell
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
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15
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Panicker S, Venkatabalasubramanian S, Pathak S, Ramalingam S. The impact of fusion genes on cancer stem cells and drug resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3771-3783. [PMID: 34095988 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With ever increasing evidences on the role of fusion genes as the oncogenic protagonists in myriad cancers, it's time to explore if fusion genes can be the next generational drug targets in meeting the current demands of higher drug efficacy. Eliminating cancer stem cells (CSC) has become the current focus; however, we have reached a standstill in drug development owing to the lack of effective strategies to eradicate CSC. We believe that fusion genes could be the novel targets to overcome this limitation. The intriguing feature of fusion genes is that it dominantly impacts every aspect of CSC including self-renewal, differentiation, lineage commitment, tumorigenicity and stemness. Given the clinical success of fusion gene-based drugs in hematological cancers, our attempt to target fusion genes in eradicating CSC can be rewarding. As fusion genes are expressed explicitly in cancer cells, eradicating CSC by targeting fusion genes provides yet an another advantage of negligible patient side effects since normal cells remain unaffected by the drug. We hereby delineate the latest evidences on how fusion genes regulate CSC and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Panicker
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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16
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Estupiñán Ó, Rendueles C, Suárez P, Rey V, Murillo D, Morís F, Gutiérrez G, Blanco-López MDC, Matos M, Rodríguez R. Nano-Encapsulation of Mithramycin in Transfersomes and Polymeric Micelles for the Treatment of Sarcomas. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071358. [PMID: 33806182 PMCID: PMC8037461 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are aggressive tumors which often show a poor response to current treatments. As a promising therapeutic alternative, we focused on mithramycin (MTM), a natural antibiotic with a promising anti-tumor activity but also a relevant systemic toxicity. Therefore, the encapsulation of MTM in nano-delivery systems may represent a way to increase its therapeutic window. Here, we designed novel transfersomes and PLGA polymeric micelles by combining different membrane components (phosphatidylcholine, Span 60, Tween 20 and cholesterol) to optimize the nanoparticle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). Using both thin film hydration and the ethanol injection methods we obtained MTM-loaded transferosomes displaying an optimal hydrodynamic diameter of 100–130 nm and EE values higher than 50%. Additionally, we used the emulsion/solvent evaporation method to synthesize polymeric micelles with a mean size of 228 nm and a narrow PDI, capable of encapsulating MTM with EE values up to 87%. These MTM nano-delivery systems mimicked the potent anti-tumor activity of free MTM, both in adherent and cancer stem cell-enriched tumorsphere cultures of myxoid liposarcoma and chondrosarcoma models. Similarly to free MTM, nanocarrier-delivered MTM efficiently inhibits the signaling mediated by the pro-oncogenic factor SP1. In summary, we provide new formulations for the efficient encapsulation of MTM which may constitute a safer delivering alternative to be explored in future clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Estupiñán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.E.); (V.R.); (D.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.R.); (P.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudia Rendueles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.R.); (P.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Paula Suárez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.R.); (P.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Verónica Rey
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.E.); (V.R.); (D.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Dzohara Murillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.E.); (V.R.); (D.M.)
| | | | - Gemma Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.R.); (P.S.); (G.G.)
- Asturias University Institute of Biotechnology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - María del Carmen Blanco-López
- Asturias University Institute of Biotechnology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Matos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (C.R.); (P.S.); (G.G.)
- Asturias University Institute of Biotechnology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - René Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (Ó.E.); (V.R.); (D.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.R.)
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17
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Kannan S, Lock I, Ozenberger BB, Jones KB. Genetic drivers and cells of origin in sarcomagenesis. J Pathol 2021; 254:474-493. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmishta Kannan
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Ian Lock
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Benjamin B Ozenberger
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT USA
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18
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Roessner A, Lohmann C, Jechorek D. Translational cell biology of highly malignant osteosarcoma. Pathol Int 2021; 71:291-303. [PMID: 33631032 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly malignant osteosarcoma (HMO) is the most frequent malignant bone tumor preferentially occurring in adolescents and children with a second more flat peak in patients over the age of 60. The younger patients benefit from combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 65-70% 5-year survival rate. In patients with metastatic HMO the 5-year survival rate is consistently poor with approximately 30%. In the last several years strategies for target therapies have been developed by using next generation sequencing (NGS) for defining targetable molecular factors. However, it has so far been challenging to establish an effective target therapy for so-called 'orphan tumors' without recognizable driver mutations, including HMO. The molecular genetic studies using NGS have shown that HMOs are genomically unstable tumors with highly complex chaotic karyotypes. Before the background of this genetic complexity more investigations should be performed in the future for defining targetable biological factors. As the prognosis could not be improved for 40 years one may expect improvements for patients only by gaining a deeper understanding of the cell and molecular biology of HMO. The cell of origin of HMO is being clarified now. The majority of studies indicate that an osteoblastic progenitor cell is probably the cell of origin of HMO and not an undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cell. This means that the established histopathological definition of HMO through verification of osteoid production by the osteoblastic cells is well justified and will probably be the cornerstone for a precise differential diagnosis of HMO also in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Roessner
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lohmann
- Department of Orthopedics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doerthe Jechorek
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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19
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Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: Developmental origin, tumorigenesis and translational cancer therapeutics. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100948. [PMID: 33190044 PMCID: PMC7672320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While a large and growing body of research has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) play a dual role in tumor growth and inhibition, studies exploring the capability of MSCs to contribute to tumorigenesis are rare. MSCs are key players during tumorigenesis and cancer development, evident in their faculty to increase cancer stem cells (CSCs) population, to generate the precursors of certain forms of cancer (e.g. sarcoma), and to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition to create the CSC-like state. Indeed, the origin and localization of the native MSCs in their original tissues are not known. MSCs are identified in the primary tumor sites and the fetal and extraembryonic tissues. Acknowledging the developmental origin of MSCs and tissue-resident native MSCs is essential for better understanding of MSC contributions to the cellular origin of cancer. This review stresses that the plasticity of MSCs can therefore instigate further risk in select therapeutic strategies for some patients with certain forms of cancer. Towards this end, to explore the safe and effective MSC-based anti-cancer therapies requires a strong understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of MSC action, ultimately guiding new strategies for delivering treatment. While clinical trial efforts using MSC products are currently underway, this review also provides new insights on the underlying mechanisms of MSCs to tumorigenesis and focuses on the approaches to develop MSC-based anti-cancer therapeutic applications.
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20
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Grünewald TGP, Alonso M, Avnet S, Banito A, Burdach S, Cidre‐Aranaz F, Di Pompo G, Distel M, Dorado‐Garcia H, Garcia‐Castro J, González‐González L, Grigoriadis AE, Kasan M, Koelsche C, Krumbholz M, Lecanda F, Lemma S, Longo DL, Madrigal‐Esquivel C, Morales‐Molina Á, Musa J, Ohmura S, Ory B, Pereira‐Silva M, Perut F, Rodriguez R, Seeling C, Al Shaaili N, Shaabani S, Shiavone K, Sinha S, Tomazou EM, Trautmann M, Vela M, Versleijen‐Jonkers YMH, Visgauss J, Zalacain M, Schober SJ, Lissat A, English WR, Baldini N, Heymann D. Sarcoma treatment in the era of molecular medicine. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11131. [PMID: 33047515 PMCID: PMC7645378 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are heterogeneous and clinically challenging soft tissue and bone cancers. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, sarcomas represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. More than 100 histological subtypes have been characterized to date, and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. Owing to their mostly aggressive biological behavior, relative rarity, and occurrence at virtually every anatomical site, many sarcoma subtypes are in particular difficult-to-treat categories. Current multimodal treatment concepts combine surgery, polychemotherapy (with/without local hyperthermia), irradiation, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapeutics. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the molecular biology of sarcomas and their effects on clinical oncology; it is meant for a broad readership ranging from novices to experts in the field of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas GP Grünewald
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marta Alonso
- Program in Solid Tumors and BiomarkersFoundation for the Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra PamplonaPamplonaSpain
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Ana Banito
- Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Research GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florencia Cidre‐Aranaz
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Merve Kasan
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Fernando Lecanda
- Division of OncologyAdhesion and Metastasis LaboratoryCenter for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Dario L Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | | | | | - Julian Musa
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Shunya Ohmura
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Miguel Pereira‐Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Francesca Perut
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | | | - Nada Al Shaaili
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department of Drug DesignUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kristina Shiavone
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Snehadri Sinha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational PathologyGerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyMünster University HospitalMünsterGermany
| | - Maria Vela
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Marta Zalacain
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | - Sebastian J Schober
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Andrej Lissat
- University Children′s Hospital Zurich – Eleonoren FoundationKanton ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - William R English
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Université de NantesInstitut de Cancérologie de l'OuestTumor Heterogeneity and Precision MedicineSaint‐HerblainFrance
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21
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Biswas A, Rajesh Y, Mitra P, Mandal M. ETV6 gene aberrations in non-haematological malignancies: A review highlighting ETV6 associated fusion genes in solid tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188389. [PMID: 32659251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ETV6 (translocation-Ets-leukemia virus) gene is a transcriptional repressor mainly involved in haematopoiesis and maintenance of vascular networks and has developed to be a major oncogene with the potential ability of forming fusion partners with many other genes with carcinogenic consequences. ETV6 fusions function primarily by constitutive activation of kinase activity of the fusion partners, modifications in the normal functions of ETV6 transcription factor, loss of function of ETV6 or the partner gene and activation of a proto-oncogene near the site of translocation. The role of ETV6 fusion gene in tumorigenesis has been well-documented and more variedly found in haematological malignancies. However, the role of the ETV6 oncogene in solid tumors has also risen to prominence due to an increasing number of cases being reported with this malignancy. Since, solid tumors can be well-targeted, the diagnosis of this genre of tumors based on ETV6 malignancy is of crucial importance for treatment. This review highlights the important ETV6 associated fusions in solid tumors along with critical insights as to existing and novel means of targeting it. A consolidation of novel therapies such as immune, gene, RNAi, stem cell therapy and protein degradation hitherto unused in the case of ETV6 solid tumor malignancies may open further therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angana Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Pralay Mitra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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22
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The "Janus" Role of C/EBPs Family Members in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124308. [PMID: 32560326 PMCID: PMC7352866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) constitute a family of transcription factors composed of six members that are critical for normal cellular differentiation in a variety of tissues. They promote the expression of genes through interaction with their promoters. Moreover, they have a key role in regulating cellular proliferation through interaction with cell cycle proteins. C/EBPs are considered to be tumor suppressor factors due to their ability to arrest cell growth (contributing to the terminal differentiation of several cell types) and for their role in cellular response to DNA damage, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and genotoxic agents. However, C/EBPs can elicit completely opposite effects on cell proliferation and cancer development and they have been described as both tumor promoters and tumor suppressors. This "Janus" role of C/EBPs depends on different factors, such as the type of tumor, the isoform/s expressed in cells, the type of dimerization (homo- or heterodimerization), the presence of inhibitory elements, and the ability to inhibit the expression of other tumor suppressors. In this review, we discuss the implication of the C/EBPs family in cancer, focusing on the molecular aspects that make these transcription factors tumor promoters or tumor suppressors.
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23
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Baroni ML, Sanchez Martinez D, Gutierrez Aguera F, Roca Ho H, Castella M, Zanetti SR, Velasco Hernandez T, Diaz de la Guardia R, Castaño J, Anguita E, Vives S, Nomdedeu J, Lapillone H, Bras AE, van der Velden VHJ, Junca J, Marin P, Bataller A, Esteve J, Vick B, Jeremias I, Lopez A, Sorigue M, Bueno C, Menendez P. 41BB-based and CD28-based CD123-redirected T-cells ablate human normal hematopoiesis in vivo. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000845. [PMID: 32527933 PMCID: PMC7292050 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic malignancy which is biologically, phenotypically and genetically very heterogeneous. Outcome of patients with AML remains dismal, highlighting the need for improved, less toxic therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) immunotherapies for patients with refractory or relapse (R/R) AML are challenging because of the absence of a universal pan-AML target antigen and the shared expression of target antigens with normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), which may lead to life-threating on-target/off-tumor cytotoxicity. CD33-redirected and CD123-redirected CARTs for AML are in advanced preclinical and clinical development, and they exhibit robust antileukemic activity. However, preclinical and clinical controversy exists on whether such CARTs are myeloablative. METHODS We set out to comparatively characterize in vitro and in vivo the efficacy and safety of 41BB-based and CD28-based CARCD123. We analyzed 97 diagnostic and relapse AML primary samples to investigate whether CD123 is a suitable immunotherapeutic target, and we used several xenograft models and in vitro assays to assess the myeloablative potential of our second-generation CD123 CARTs. RESULTS Here, we show that CD123 represents a bona fide target for AML and show that both 41BB-based and CD28-based CD123 CARTs are very efficient in eliminating both AML cell lines and primary cells in vitro and in vivo. However, both 41BB-based and CD28-based CD123 CARTs ablate normal human hematopoiesis and prevent the establishment of de novo hematopoietic reconstitution by targeting both immature and myeloid HSPCs. CONCLUSIONS This study calls for caution when clinically implementing CD123 CARTs, encouraging its preferential use as a bridge to allo-HSCT in patients with R/R AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Libero Baroni
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Diego Sanchez Martinez
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | - Heleia Roca Ho
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Maria Castella
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Samanta Romina Zanetti
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Talia Velasco Hernandez
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | | | - Julio Castaño
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anguita
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos Instituto Cardiovascular, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Vives
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Josep Nomdedeu
- Hematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Helene Lapillone
- Centre de Recherce Saint-Antoine, Armand-Trousseau Childrens Hospital, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Anne E Bras
- Immunology Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | | | - Jordi Junca
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Pedro Marin
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alex Bataller
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jordi Esteve
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Binje Vick
- Helmholtz Center, Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Helmholtz Center, Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bayern, Germany
- Pediatrics Department, Munich University Hospital Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Angel Lopez
- Human Immunology Department, Centre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marc Sorigue
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Centro de investigación en Red-Oncología, CIBERONC, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Biomedicine, Research Institute Against Leukemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Centro de investigación en Red-Oncología, CIBERONC, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, ICREA, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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Jessop ZM, Al-Sabah A, Simoes IN, Burnell SEA, Pieper IL, Thornton CA, Whitaker IS. Isolation and characterisation of nasoseptal cartilage stem/progenitor cells and their role in the chondrogenic niche. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:177. [PMID: 32408888 PMCID: PMC7222513 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since cartilage-derived stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) were first identified in articular cartilage using differential adhesion to fibronectin, their self-renewal capacity and niche-specific lineage preference for chondrogenesis have propelled their application for cartilage tissue engineering. In many adult tissues, stem/progenitor cells are recognised to be involved in tissue homeostasis. However, the role of nasoseptal CSPCs has not yet been elucidated. Our aim was to isolate and characterise nasoseptal CSPCs alongside nasoseptal chondrocyte populations and determine chondrogenic capacity. METHODS Here, we isolated nasoseptal CSPCs using differential adhesion to fibronectin and assessed their colony forming efficiency, proliferation kinetics, karyotype and trilineage potential. CSPCs were characterised alongside non-fibronectin-adherent nasoseptal chondrocytes (DNCs) and cartilage-derived cells (CDCs, a heterogenous combination of DNCs and CSPCs) by assessing differences in gene expression profiles using PCR Stem Cell Array, immunophenotype using flow cytometry and chondrogencity using RT-PCR and histology. RESULTS CSPCs were clonogenic with increased gene expression of the neuroectodermal markers NCAM1 and N-Cadherin, as well as Cyclins D1 and D2, compared to DNCs. All three cell populations expressed recognised mesenchymal stem cell surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90), yet only CSPCs and CDCs showed multilineage differentiation potential. CDC populations expressed significantly higher levels of type 2 collagen and bone morphogenetic protein 2 genes, with greater cartilage extracellular matrix secretion. When DNCs were cultured in isolation, there was reduced chondrogenicity and higher expression of type 1 collagen, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), CD73 and CD90, recognised markers of a fibroblast-like phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Fibronectin-adherent CSPCs demonstrate a unique gene expression profile compared to non-fibronectin-adherent DNCs. DNCs cultured in isolation, without CSPCs, express fibroblastic phenotype with reduced chondrogenicity. Mixed populations of stem/progenitor cells and chondrocytes were required for optimal chondrogenesis, suggesting that CSPCs may be required to retain phenotypic stability and chondrogenic potential of DNCs. Crosstalk between DNCs and CSPCs is proposed based on SDF-1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita M Jessop
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Ayesha Al-Sabah
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Irina N Simoes
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stephanie E A Burnell
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ina Laura Pieper
- Calon Cardio-Technology Ltd, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Iain S Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK. .,Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK.
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25
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Menendez ST, Rey V, Martinez-Cruzado L, Gonzalez MV, Morales-Molina A, Santos L, Blanco V, Alvarez C, Estupiñan O, Allonca E, Rodrigo JP, García-Castro J, Garcia-Pedrero JM, Rodriguez R. SOX2 Expression and Transcriptional Activity Identifies a Subpopulation of Cancer Stem Cells in Sarcoma with Prognostic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040964. [PMID: 32295077 PMCID: PMC7226033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stemness in sarcomas is coordinated by the expression of pluripotency factors, like SOX2, in cancer stem cells (CSC). The role of SOX2 in tumor initiation and progression has been well characterized in osteosarcoma. However, the pro-tumorigenic features of SOX2 have been scarcely investigated in other sarcoma subtypes. Here, we show that SOX2 depletion dramatically reduced the ability of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) cells to form tumorspheres and to initiate tumor growth. Conversely, SOX2 overexpression resulted in increased in vivo tumorigenicity. Moreover, using a reporter system (SORE6) which allows to monitor viable cells expressing SOX2 and/or OCT4, we found that SORE6+ cells were significantly more tumorigenic than the SORE6- subpopulation. In agreement with this findings, SOX2 expression in sarcoma patients was associated to tumor grade, differentiation, invasive potential and lower patient survival. Finally, we studied the effect of a panel of anti-tumor drugs on the SORE6+ cells of the UPS model and patient-derived chondrosarcoma lines. We found that the mithramycin analogue EC-8042 was the most efficient in reducing SORE6+ cells in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this study demonstrates that SOX2 is a pro-tumorigenic factor with prognostic potential in sarcoma. Moreover, SORE6 transcriptional activity is a bona fide CSC marker in sarcoma and constitutes an excellent biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of anti-tumor treatments on CSC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia T. Menendez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Rey
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alvaro Morales-Molina
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Verónica Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Oscar Estupiñan
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Rodrigo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Castro
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Maria Garcia-Pedrero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)—Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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26
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Frapolli R, Bello E, Ponzo M, Craparotta I, Mannarino L, Ballabio S, Marchini S, Carrassa L, Ubezio P, Porcu L, Brich S, Sanfilippo R, Casali PG, Gronchi A, Pilotti S, D'Incalci M. Combination of PPARγ Agonist Pioglitazone and Trabectedin Induce Adipocyte Differentiation to Overcome Trabectedin Resistance in Myxoid Liposarcomas. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:7565-7575. [PMID: 31481505 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed at investigating whether the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone-given in combination with trabectedin-is able to reactivate adipocytic differentiation in myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) patient-derived xenografts, overcoming resistance to trabectedin. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The antitumor and biological effects of trabectedin, pioglitazone, and the combination of the two drugs were investigated in nude mice bearing well-characterized MLS xenografts representative of innate or acquired resistance against trabectedin. Pioglitazone and trabectedin were given by daily oral and weekly i.v. administrations, respectively. Molecular studies were performed by using microarrays approach, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. RESULTS We found that the resistance of MLS against trabectedin is associated with the lack of activation of adipogenesis. The PPARγ agonist pioglitazone reactivated adipogenesis, assessed by histologic and gene pathway analyses. Pioglitazone was well tolerated and did not increase the toxicity of trabectedin. The ability of pioglitazone to reactivate adipocytic differentiation was observed by morphologic examination, and it is consistent with the increased expression of genes such as ADIPOQ implicated in the adipogenesis process. The determination of adiponectin by Western blotting constitutes a good and reliable biomarker related to MLS adipocytic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The finding that the combination of pioglitazone and trabectedin induces terminal adipocytic differentiation of some MLSs with the complete pathologic response and cure of tumor-bearing mice provides a strong rationale to test the combination of trabectedin and pioglitazone in patients with MLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Frapolli
- Unit of Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ezia Bello
- Unit of Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Ponzo
- Unit of Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Craparotta
- Unit of Translational Genomic, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mannarino
- Unit of Translational Genomic, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ballabio
- Unit of Translational Genomic, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Marchini
- Unit of Translational Genomic, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Carrassa
- Unit of DNA repair, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ubezio
- Unit of Biophysics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Porcu
- Unit of Methodological Research, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brich
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Sanfilippo
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Giovanni Casali
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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27
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Sánchez-Martínez D, Baroni ML, Gutierrez-Agüera F, Roca-Ho H, Blanch-Lombarte O, González-García S, Torrebadell M, Junca J, Ramírez-Orellana M, Velasco-Hernández T, Bueno C, Fuster JL, Prado JG, Calvo J, Uzan B, Cools J, Camos M, Pflumio F, Toribio ML, Menéndez P. Fratricide-resistant CD1a-specific CAR T cells for the treatment of cortical T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2019; 133:2291-2304. [PMID: 30796021 PMCID: PMC6554538 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-882944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed/refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has a dismal outcome, and no effective targeted immunotherapies for T-ALL exist. The extension of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CARTs) to T-ALL remains challenging because the shared expression of target antigens between CARTs and T-ALL blasts leads to CART fratricide. CD1a is exclusively expressed in cortical T-ALL (coT-ALL), a major subset of T-ALL, and retained at relapse. This article reports that the expression of CD1a is mainly restricted to developing cortical thymocytes, and neither CD34+ progenitors nor T cells express CD1a during ontogeny, confining the risk of on-target/off-tumor toxicity. We thus developed and preclinically validated a CD1a-specific CAR with robust and specific cytotoxicity in vitro and antileukemic activity in vivo in xenograft models of coT-ALL, using both cell lines and coT-ALL patient-derived primary blasts. CD1a-CARTs are fratricide resistant, persist long term in vivo (retaining antileukemic activity in re-challenge experiments), and respond to viral antigens. Our data support the therapeutic and safe use of fratricide-resistant CD1a-CARTs for relapsed/refractory coT-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sánchez-Martínez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matteo L Baroni
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Gutierrez-Agüera
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heleia Roca-Ho
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Blanch-Lombarte
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Torrebadell
- Haematology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Junca
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Orellana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Talía Velasco-Hernández
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luís Fuster
- Sección de Oncohematología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julia G Prado
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julien Calvo
- Univerité Paris Diderot and Université Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 967, INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benjamin Uzan
- Univerité Paris Diderot and Université Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 967, INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jan Cools
- KU Center for Human Genetics and VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mireia Camos
- Haematology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Françoise Pflumio
- Univerité Paris Diderot and Université Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche 967, INSERM, U967, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red-Oncología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; and
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Estupiñan O, Santos L, Rodriguez A, Fernandez‐Nevado L, Costales P, Perez‐Escuredo J, Hermosilla MA, Oro P, Rey V, Tornin J, Allonca E, Fernandez‐Garcia MT, Alvarez‐Fernandez C, Braña A, Astudillo A, Menendez ST, Moris F, Rodriguez R. The multikinase inhibitor EC‐70124 synergistically increased the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in sarcomas. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:254-266. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Estupiñan
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Aida Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucia Fernandez‐Nevado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Veronica Rey
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Braña
- Servicio de Traumatología of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Sofia T Menendez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain
| | | | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain
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30
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The Fusion Oncogene FUS-CHOP Drives Sarcomagenesis of High-Grade Spindle Cell Sarcomas in Mice. Sarcoma 2019; 2019:1340261. [PMID: 31427882 PMCID: PMC6683777 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1340261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma is a malignant soft tissue sarcoma characterized by a pathognomonic t(12;16)(q13;p11) translocation that produces a fusion oncoprotein, FUS-CHOP. This cancer is remarkably sensitive to radiotherapy and exhibits a unique pattern of extrapulmonary metastasis. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a spatially and temporally restricted mouse model of sarcoma driven by FUS-CHOP. Using different Cre drivers in the adipocyte lineage, we initiated in vivo tumorigenesis by expressing FUS-CHOP in Prrx1+ mesenchymal progenitor cells. In contrast, expression of FUS-CHOP in more differentiated cells does not form tumors in vivo, and early expression of the oncoprotein during embryogenesis is lethal. We also employ in vivo electroporation and CRISPR technology to rapidly generate spatially and temporally restricted mouse models of high-grade FUS-CHOP-driven sarcomas for preclinical studies.
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31
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Co-expression of MDM2 and CDK4 in transformed human mesenchymal stem cells causes high-grade sarcoma with a dedifferentiated liposarcoma-like morphology. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1309-1320. [PMID: 31160689 PMCID: PMC6760642 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 are well-known diagnostic criteria for well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS)/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). Although it was reported that the depletion of MDM2 or CDK4 decreased proliferation in DDLPS cell lines, whether MDM2 and CDK4 induce WDLPS/DDLPS tumorigenesis remains unclear. We examined whether MDM2 and/or CDK4 cause WDLPS/DDLPS, using two types of transformed human bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), 2H and 5H, with five oncogenic hits (overexpression of hTERT, TP53 degradation, RB inactivation, c-MYC stabilization, and overexpression of HRASv12). In vitro functional experiments revealed that the co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 plays a key role in tumorigenesis by increasing cell growth and migration and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation potency when compared with the sole expression of MDM2 or CDK4. Using mouse xenograft models, we found that the co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 in 5H cells with five additional oncogenic mutations can cause proliferative sarcoma with a DDLPS-like morphology in vivo. Our results suggest that the co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4, along with multiple genetic factors, increases the tendency for high-grade sarcoma with a DDLPS-like morphology in transformed human BMSCs by accelerating their growth and migration and blocking their adipogenic potential.
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32
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Genadry KC, Pietrobono S, Rota R, Linardic CM. Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cancer Stem Cells: An Overview. Front Oncol 2018; 8:475. [PMID: 30416982 PMCID: PMC6212576 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are an uncommon group of solid tumors that can arise throughout the human lifespan. Despite their commonality as non-bony cancers that develop from mesenchymal cell precursors, they are heterogeneous in their genetic profiles, histology, and clinical features. This has made it difficult to identify a single target or therapy specific to STSs. And while there is no one cell of origin ascribed to all STSs, the cancer stem cell (CSC) principle—that a subpopulation of tumor cells possesses stem cell-like properties underlying tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance, disease recurrence, and metastasis—predicts that ultimately it should be possible to identify a feature common to all STSs that could function as a therapeutic Achilles' heel. Here we review the published evidence for CSCs in each of the most common STSs, then focus on the methods used to study CSCs, the developmental signaling pathways usurped by CSCs, and the epigenetic alterations critical for CSC identity that may be useful for further study of STS biology. We conclude with discussion of some challenges to the field and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia C Genadry
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Silvia Pietrobono
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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33
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Gambera S, Abarrategi A, Rodríguez-Milla MA, Mulero F, Menéndez ST, Rodriguez R, Navarro S, García-Castro J. Role of Activator Protein-1 Complex on the Phenotype of Human Osteosarcomas Generated from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1487-1500. [PMID: 30001480 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive bone tumor that usually arises intramedullary at the extremities of long bones. Due to the fact that the peak of incidence is in the growth spurt of adolescence, the specific anatomical location, and the heterogeneity of cells, it is believed that osteosarcomagenesis is a process associated with bone development. Different studies in murine models showed that the tumor-initiating cell in OS could be an uncommitted mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) developing in a specific bone microenvironment. However, only a few studies have reported transgene-induced human MSCs transformation and mostly obtained undifferentiated sarcomas. In our study, we demonstrate that activator protein 1 family members induce osteosarcomagenesis in immortalized hMSC. c-JUN or c-JUN/c-FOS overexpression act as tumorigenic factors generating OS with fibroblastic or pleomorphic osteoblastic phenotypes, respectively. Stem Cells 2018;36:1487-1500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gambera
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Francisca Mulero
- Molecular Image Core Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía T Menéndez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias and, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - René Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias and, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Pathology Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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34
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Tornin J, Hermida-Prado F, Padda RS, Gonzalez MV, Alvarez-Fernandez C, Rey V, Martinez-Cruzado L, Estupiñan O, Menendez ST, Fernandez-Nevado L, Astudillo A, Rodrigo JP, Lucien F, Kim Y, Leong HS, Garcia-Pedrero JM, Rodriguez R. FUS-CHOP Promotes Invasion in Myxoid Liposarcoma through a SRC/FAK/RHO/ROCK-Dependent Pathway. Neoplasia 2017; 20:44-56. [PMID: 29190494 PMCID: PMC5747526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated SRC/FAK signaling leads to enhanced migration and invasion in many types of tumors. In myxoid and round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS), an adipocytic tumor characterized by the expression of the fusion oncogene FUS-CHOP, SRC have been found as one of the most activated kinases. Here we used a cell-of-origin model of MRCLS and an MRCLS cell line to thoroughly characterize the mechanisms of cell invasion induced by FUS-CHOP using in vitro (3D spheroid invasion assays) and in vivo (chicken chorioallantoic membrane model) approaches. FUS-CHOP expression activated SRC-FAK signaling and increased the invasive ability of MRCLS cells. In addition, FAK expression was found to significantly correlate with tumor aggressiveness in sarcoma patient samples. The involvement of SRC/FAK activation in FUS-CHOP-mediated invasion was further confirmed using the SRC inhibitor dasatinib, the specific FAK inhibitor PF-573228, and FAK siRNA. Notably, dasatinib and PF573228 could also efficiently block the invasion of cancer stem cell subpopulations. Downstream of SRC/FAK signaling, we found that FUS-CHOP expression increases the levels of the RHO/ROCK downstream effector phospho-MLC2 (T18/S19) and that this activation was prevented by dasatinib or PF573228. Moreover, the ROCK inhibitor RKI-1447 was able to completely abolish invasion in FUS-CHOP-expressing cells. These data uncover the involvement of SRC/FAK/RHO/ROCK signaling axis in FUS-CHOP-mediated invasion, thus providing a rationale for testing inhibitors of this pathway as potential novel antimetastatic agents for MRCLS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ranjit Singh Padda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - M Victoria Gonzalez
- CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Oviedo and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Veronica Rey
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Oscar Estupiñan
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sofia T Menendez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Fernandez-Nevado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yohan Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hon S Leong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Juana Maria Garcia-Pedrero
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Yang Y, Liu L, Naik I, Braunstein Z, Zhong J, Ren B. Transcription Factor C/EBP Homologous Protein in Health and Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1612. [PMID: 29230213 PMCID: PMC5712004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), known also as DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153), is induced in response to certain stressors. CHOP is universally acknowledged as a main conduit to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Ongoing research established the existence of CHOP-mediated apoptosis signaling networks, for which novel downstream targets are still being determined. However, there are studies that contradict this notion and assert that apoptosis is not the only mechanism by which CHOP plays in the development of pathologies. In this review, insights into the roles of CHOP in pathophysiology are summarized at the molecular and cellular levels. We further focus on the newest advances that implicate CHOP in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and notably, fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ishan Naik
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Boxu Ren
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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36
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Torres-Ruiz R, Rodriguez-Perales S, Bueno C, Menendez P. Modeling mixed-lineage-rearranged leukemia initiation in CD34 + cells: a "CRISPR" solution. Haematologica 2017; 102:1467-1468. [PMID: 28860233 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.173740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain .,Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodriguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Bueno C, Menendez P. Human acute leukemia induced pluripotent stem cells: a unique model for investigating disease development and pathogenesis. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:55. [PMID: 28725651 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.05.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Diaz de la Guardia R, Lopez-Millan B, Lavoie JR, Bueno C, Castaño J, Gómez-Casares M, Vives S, Palomo L, Juan M, Delgado J, Blanco ML, Nomdedeu J, Chaparro A, Fuster JL, Anguita E, Rosu-Myles M, Menéndez P. Detailed Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells from a Large Cohort of AML Patients Demonstrates a Definitive Link to Treatment Outcomes. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1573-1586. [PMID: 28528702 PMCID: PMC5470078 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are key components of the hematopoietic niche thought to have a direct role in leukemia pathogenesis. BM-MSCs from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been poorly characterized due to disease heterogeneity. We report a functional, genetic, and immunological characterization of BM-MSC cultures from 46 AML patients, stratified by molecular/cytogenetics into low-risk (LR), intermediate-risk (IR), and high-risk (HR) subgroups. Stable MSC cultures were successfully established and characterized from 40 of 46 AML patients irrespective of the risk subgroup. AML-derived BM-MSCs never harbored tumor-specific cytogenetic/molecular alterations present in blasts, but displayed higher clonogenic potential than healthy donor (HD)-derived BM-MSCs. Although HD- and AML-derived BM-MSCs equally provided chemoprotection to AML cells in vitro, AML-derived BM-MSCs were more immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory, enhanced suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, and diminished secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Multivariate analysis revealed that the level of interleukin-10 produced by AML-derived BM-MSCs as an independent prognostic factor negatively affected overall survival. Collectively our data show that AML-derived BM-MSCs are not tumor related, but display functional differences contributing to therapy resistance and disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Diaz de la Guardia
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid 28031, Spain.
| | - Belen Lopez-Millan
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Jessie R Lavoie
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Julio Castaño
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Maite Gómez-Casares
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain
| | - Susana Vives
- Hematology Department, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Laura Palomo
- Hematology Department, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Manel Juan
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Julio Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid 28031, Spain; Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Maria L Blanco
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Josep Nomdedeu
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Alberto Chaparro
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Fuster
- Sección de Oncohematología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Virgen de Arrixaca, Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anguita
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada.
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid 28031, Spain; Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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Martinez-Cruzado L, Tornin J, Rodriguez A, Santos L, Allonca E, Fernandez-Garcia MT, Astudillo A, Garcia-Pedrero JM, Rodriguez R. Trabectedin and Campthotecin Synergistically Eliminate Cancer Stem Cells in Cell-of-Origin Sarcoma Models. Neoplasia 2017; 19:460-470. [PMID: 28494349 PMCID: PMC5421973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabectedin has been approved for second-line treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. However, its efficacy to target sarcoma initiating cells has not been addressed yet. Here, we used pioneer models of myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) developed from transformed human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) to evaluate the effect of trabectedin in the cell type responsible for initiating sarcomagenesis and their derived cancer stem cells (CSC) subpopulations. We found that low nanomolar concentrations of trabectedin efficiently inhibited the growth of sarcoma-initiating cells, induced cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis. Interestingly, trabectedin treatment repressed the expression of multiple genes responsible for the development of the CSC phenotype, including pluripotency factors, CSC markers and related signaling pathways. Accordingly, trabectedin induced apoptosis and reduced the survival of CSC-enriched tumorsphere cultures with the same efficiency that inhibits the growth of bulk tumor population. In vivo, trabectedin significantly reduced the mitotic index of MRCLS xenografts and inhibited tumor growth at a similar extent to that observed in doxorubicin-treated tumors. Combination of trabectedin with campthotecin (CPT), a chemotherapeutic drug that shows a robust anti-tumor activity when combined with alkylating agents, resulted in a very strong synergistic inhibition of tumor cell growth and highly increased DNA damage and apoptosis induction. Importantly, the enhanced anti-tumor activity of this combination was also observed in CSC subpopulations. These data suggest that trabectedin and CPT combination may constitute a novel strategy to effectively target both the cell-of-origin and CSC subpopulations in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aida Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias
| | - Laura Santos
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias
| | - Eva Allonca
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Aurora Astudillo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juana Maria Garcia-Pedrero
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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Qi Y, Hu Y, Yang H, Zhuang R, Hou Y, Tong H, Feng Y, Huang Y, Jiang Q, Ji Q, Gu Q, Zhang Z, Tang X, Lu W, Zhou Y. Establishing a patient-derived xenograft model of human myxoid and round-cell liposarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54320-54330. [PMID: 28903344 PMCID: PMC5589583 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid and round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) is a common type of soft tissue sarcoma. The lack of patient-derived tumor xenograft models that are highly consistent with human tumors has limited the drug experiments for this disease. Hence, we aimed to develop and validate a patient-derived tumor xenograft model of MRCL. A tumor sample from a patient with MRCL was implanted subcutaneously in an immunodeficient mouse shortly after resection to establish a patient-derived tumor xenograft model. After the tumor grew, it was resected and divided into several pieces for re-implantation and tumor passage. After passage 1, 3, and 5 (i.e. P1, P3, and P5, respectively), tumor morphology and the presence of the FUS-DDIT3 gene fusion were consistent with those of the original patient tumor. Short tandem repeat analysis demonstrated consistency from P1 to P5. Whole exome sequencing also showed that P5 tumors harbored many of the same gene mutations present in the original patient tumor, one of which was a PIK3CA mutation. PF-04691502 significantly inhibited tumor growth in P5 models (tumor volumes of 492.62 ± 652.80 vs 3303.81 ± 1480.79 mm3, P < 0.001, in treated vs control tumors, respectively) after 29 days of treatment. In conclusion, we have successfully established the first patient-derived xenograft model of MRCL. In addition to surgery, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors could potentially be used for the treatment of PIK3CA-positive MRCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qi
- Departments of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Departments of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Departments of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongyuan Zhuang
- Departments of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Departments of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanxing Tong
- Departments of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Departments of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Departments of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunsheng Ji
- Oncology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Gu
- Oncology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Oncology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuzhen Tang
- Oncology BU, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Departments of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Departments of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Safavi S, Järnum S, Vannas C, Udhane S, Jonasson E, Tomic TT, Grundevik P, Fagman H, Hansson M, Kalender Z, Jauhiainen A, Dolatabadi S, Stratford EW, Myklebost O, Eriksson M, Stenman G, Schneider-Stock R, Ståhlberg A, Åman P. HSP90 inhibition blocks ERBB3 and RET phosphorylation in myxoid/round cell liposarcoma and causes massive cell death in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:433-45. [PMID: 26595521 PMCID: PMC4808009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid sarcoma (MLS) is one of the most common types of malignant soft tissue tumors. MLS is characterized by the FUS-DDIT3 or EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion oncogenes that encode abnormal transcription factors. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) encoding RET was previously identified as a putative downstream target gene to FUS-DDIT3 and here we show that cultured MLS cells expressed phosphorylated RET together with its ligand Persephin. Treatment with RET specific kinase inhibitor Vandetanib failed to reduce RET phosphorylation and inhibit cell growth, suggesting that other RTKs may phosphorylate RET. A screening pointed out EGFR and ERBB3 as the strongest expressed phosphorylated RTKs in MLS cells. We show that ERBB3 formed nuclear and cytoplasmic complexes with RET and both RTKs were previously reported to form complexes with EGFR. The formation of RTK hetero complexes could explain the observed Vandetanib resistence in MLS. EGFR and ERBB3 are clients of HSP90 that help complex formation and RTK activation. Treatment of cultured MLS cells with HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG, caused loss of RET and ERBB3 phosphorylation and lead to rapid cell death. Treatment of MLS xenograft carrying Nude mice resulted in massive necrosis, rupture of capillaries and hemorrhages in tumor tissues. We conclude that complex formation between RET and other RTKs may cause RTK inhibitor resistance. HSP90 inhibitors can overcome this resistance and are thus promising drugs for treatment of MLS/RCLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Safavi
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Järnum
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Vannas
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sameer Udhane
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Jonasson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tajana Tesan Tomic
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Grundevik
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zeynep Kalender
- Mathematical Statistics, Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Jauhiainen
- Mathematical Statistics, Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Soheila Dolatabadi
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Wessel Stratford
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Åman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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42
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Ishiguro N, Yoshida H. ASPL-TFE3 Oncoprotein Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Induces Cellular Senescence by Up-Regulating p21. Neoplasia 2016; 18:626-635. [PMID: 27673450 PMCID: PMC5037204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar soft part sarcoma is an extremely rare soft tissue sarcoma with poor prognosis. It is characterized by the unbalanced recurrent chromosomal translocation der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25), resulting in the generation of an ASPL-TFE3 fusion gene. ASPL-TFE3 oncoprotein functions as an aberrant transcriptional factor and is considered to play a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we identified p21 (p21WAF1/CIP1) as a direct transcriptional target of ASPL-TFE3. Ectopic ASPL-TFE3 expression in 293 cells resulted in cell cycle arrest and significant increases in protein and mRNA levels of p21. ASPL-TFE3 activated p21 expression in a p53-independent manner through direct transcriptional interactions with the p21 promoter region. When ASPL-TFE3 was expressed in human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells in a tetracycline-inducible manner, we observed the up-regulation of p21 expression and the induction of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Suppression of p21 significantly decreased the induction of ASPL-TFE3-mediated cellular senescence. Furthermore, ASPL-TFE3 expression in mesenchymal stem cells resulted in a significant up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines associated with senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These results show that ASPL-TFE3 regulates cell cycle progression and induces cellular senescence by up-regulating p21 expression. In addition, our data suggest a potential mechanism by which ASPL-TFE3-induced senescence may play a role in tumorigenesis by inducing SASP, which could promote the protumorigenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ishiguro
- Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Yonago Medical Center, 4-17-1 Kuzumo, Yonago, Tottori 683-0006, Japan
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El Atat O, Antonios D, Hilal G, Hokayem N, Abou-Ghoch J, Hashim H, Serhal R, Hebbo C, Moussa M, Alaaeddine N. An Evaluation of the Stemness, Paracrine, and Tumorigenic Characteristics of Highly Expanded, Minimally Passaged Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162332. [PMID: 27632538 PMCID: PMC5024991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) in regenerative medicine is rising due to their plasticity, capacity of differentiation and paracrine and trophic effects. Despite the large number of cells obtained from adipose tissue, it is usually not enough for therapeutic purposes for many diseases or cosmetic procedures. Thus, there is the need for culturing and expanding cells in-vitro for several weeks remain. Our aim is to investigate if long- term proliferation with minimal passaging will affect the stemness, paracrine secretions and carcinogenesis markers of ADSC. The immunophenotypic properties and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity of the initial stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and serially passaged ADSC were observed by flow cytometry. In parallel, the telomerase activity and the relative expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes were assessed by q-PCR. We also assessed the cytokine secretion profile of passaged ADSC by an ELISA. The expanded ADSC retain their morphological and phenotypical characteristics. These cells maintained in culture for up to 12 weeks until P4, possessed stable telomerase and ALDH activity, without having a TP53 mutation. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of TP53, RB, and MDM2 were not affected while the relative expression of c-Myc decreased significantly. Finally, the levels of the secretions of PGE2, STC1, and TIMP2 were not affected but the levels of IL-6, VEGF, and TIMP 1 significantly decreased at P2. Our results suggest that the expansion of passaged ADSC does not affect the differentiation capacity of stem cells and does not confer a cancerous state or capacity in vitro to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula El Atat
- Regenerative Medicine and Inflammation Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diane Antonios
- Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George Hilal
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nabil Hokayem
- Department of Plastic& Reconstructive Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France, and Faculty of Medicine St Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Abou-Ghoch
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Hashim
- Department of Plastic& Reconstructive Surgery, Fuad Khoury Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rim Serhal
- Regenerative Medicine and Inflammation Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Clara Hebbo
- Regenerative Medicine and Inflammation Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mayssam Moussa
- Regenerative Medicine and Inflammation Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada Alaaeddine
- Regenerative Medicine and Inflammation Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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Wang J, Wu P, Chen PC, Lee C, Chen W, Hung S. Generation of Osteosarcomas from a Combination of Rb Silencing and c-Myc Overexpression in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:512-526. [PMID: 28191765 PMCID: PMC5442803 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) was a malignant tumor occurring with unknown etiology that made prevention and early diagnosis difficult. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which were found in bone marrow, were claimed to be a possible origin of OS but with little direct evidence. We aimed to characterize OS cells transformed from human MSCs (hMSCs) and identify their association with human primary OS cells and patient survival. Genetic modification with p53 or retinoblastoma (Rb) knockdown and c-Myc or Ras overexpression was applied for hMSC transformation. Transformed cells were assayed for proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenecity, and gene expression profile. Only the combination of Rb knockdown and c-Myc overexpression successfully transformed hMSCs derived from four individual donors, with increasing cell proliferation, decreasing cell senescence rate, and increasing ability to form colonies and spheres in serum-free medium. These transformed cells lost the expression of certain surface markers, increased in osteogenic potential, and decreased in adipogenic potential. After injection in immunodeficient mice, these cells formed OS-like tumors, as evidenced by radiographic analyses and immunohistochemistry of various OS markers. Microarray with cluster analysis revealed that these transformed cells have gene profiles more similar to patient-derived primary OS cells than their normal MSC counterparts. Most importantly, comparison of OS patient tumor samples revealed that a combination of Rb loss and c-Myc overexpression correlated with a decrease in patient survival. This study successfully transformed human MSCs to OS-like cells by Rb knockdown and c-Myc overexpression that may be a useful platform for further investigation of preventive and target therapy for human OS. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:512-526.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jir‐You Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po‐Kuei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Paul Chih‐Hsueh Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia‐Wen Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih‐Chieh Hung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Martinez-Cruzado L, Tornin J, Santos L, Rodriguez A, García-Castro J, Morís F, Rodriguez R. Aldh1 Expression and Activity Increase During Tumor Evolution in Sarcoma Cancer Stem Cell Populations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27878. [PMID: 27292183 PMCID: PMC4904413 DOI: 10.1038/srep27878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors evolve from initial tumorigenic events into increasingly aggressive behaviors in a process usually driven by subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) may act as the cell-of-origin for sarcomas, and CSCs that present MSC features have been identified in sarcomas due to their ability to grow as self-renewed floating spheres (tumorspheres). Accordingly, we previously developed sarcoma models using human MSCs transformed with relevant oncogenic events. To study the evolution/emergence of CSC subpopulations during tumor progression, we compared the tumorigenic properties of bulk adherent cultures and tumorsphere-forming subpopulations both in the sarcoma cell-of-origin models (transformed MSCs) and in their corresponding tumor xenograft-derived cells. Tumor formation assays showed that the tumorsphere cultures from xenograft-derived cells, but not from the cell-of-origin models, were enriched in CSCs, providing evidence of the emergence of bona fide CSCs subpopulations during tumor progression. Relevant CSC-related factors, such as ALDH1 and SOX2, were increasingly upregulated in CSCs during tumor progression, and importantly, the increased levels and activity of ALDH1 in these subpopulations were associated with enhanced tumorigenicity. In addition to being a CSC marker, our findings indicate that ALDH1 could also be useful for tracking the malignant potential of CSC subpopulations during sarcoma evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aida Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier García-Castro
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Osteosarcoma: Cells-of-Origin, Cancer Stem Cells, and Targeted Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3631764. [PMID: 27366153 PMCID: PMC4913005 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3631764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary solid tumor that develops in bone. Although standard chemotherapy has significantly improved long-term survival over the past few decades, the outcome for those patients with metastatic or recurrent OS remains dismally poor and, therefore, novel agents and treatment regimens are urgently required. A hypothesis to explain the resistance of OS to chemotherapy is the existence of drug resistant CSCs with progenitor properties that are responsible of tumor relapses and metastasis. These subpopulations of CSCs commonly emerge during tumor evolution from the cell-of-origin, which are the normal cells that acquire the first cancer-promoting mutations to initiate tumor formation. In OS, several cell types along the osteogenic lineage have been proposed as cell-of-origin. Both the cell-of-origin and their derived CSC subpopulations are highly influenced by environmental and epigenetic factors and, therefore, targeting the OS-CSC environment and niche is the rationale for many recently postulated therapies. Likewise, some strategies for targeting CSC-associated signaling pathways have already been tested in both preclinical and clinical settings. This review recapitulates current OS cell-of-origin models, the properties of the OS-CSC and its niche, and potential new therapies able to target OS-CSCs.
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Oncogene mutation profiling reveals poor prognosis associated with FGFR1/3 mutation in liposarcoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 55:143-50. [PMID: 27237367 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most prevalent soft tissue sarcomas. LPS shows a poor response to radiation and chemotherapy. The causes of death in patients with LPS include locally recurrent and metastatic disease. We sought to examine novel gene mutations and pathways in primary and matched recurrent LPSs to identify potential therapeutic targets. We conducted a high-throughput analysis of 238 known mutations in 19 oncogenes using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. Nucleic acids were extracted from 19 primary and recurrent LPS samples, encompassing 9 dedifferentiated LPSs (DDLPS), 9 myxoid/round cell LPSs, and 1 pleomorphic LPS. Mutation screening revealed missense mutations in 21.1% (4/19) of the LPS specimens, including 4 different genes (FGFR1, FGFR3, PIK3CA, and KIT). Based on histologic subtypes, 22.2% DDLPS (2/9) and 22.2% myxoid cell LPS (2/9) contained gene mutations. Specifically, 3 (23.1%) of 13 primary tumors harbored mutations. Furthermore, although gene mutations were identified in 1 (11.1%) of 9 recurrent LPS samples, the difference between the primary and the recurrence was not statistically significant. Analysis of patient survival data indicated that patients harboring FGFR1/3 mutations experienced reduced overall survival (P<.05). Despite the limited number of samples, our findings provide the first evidence of FGFR1/3 mutations in DDLPS, which were associated with poor clinical outcomes. The FGFR pathway may play an important role in the development and progression of DDLPS and warrants further investigation; moreover, PIK3CA mutation is a common event (11.1%) in myxoid cell LPS.
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Tornin J, Martinez-Cruzado L, Santos L, Rodriguez A, Núñez LE, Oro P, Hermosilla MA, Allonca E, Fernández-García MT, Astudillo A, Suarez C, Morís F, Rodriguez R. Inhibition of SP1 by the mithramycin analog EC-8042 efficiently targets tumor initiating cells in sarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:30935-50. [PMID: 27105533 PMCID: PMC5058729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor initiating cells (TICs), responsible for tumor initiation, and cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for tumor expansion and propagation, are often resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. To find therapeutic targets against sarcoma initiating and propagating cells we used models of myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) developed from human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs), which constitute the most likely cell-of-origin for sarcoma. We found that SP1-mediated transcription was among the most significantly altered signaling. To inhibit SP1 activity, we used EC-8042, a mithramycin (MTM) analog (mithralog) with enhanced anti-tumor activity and highly improved safety. EC-8042 inhibited the growth of TIC cultures, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and upregulated the adipogenic factor CEBPα. SP1 knockdown was able to mimic the anti-proliferative effects induced by EC-8042. Importantly, EC-8042 was not recognized as a substrate by several ABC efflux pumps involved in drug resistance, and, opposite to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, repressed the expression of many genes responsible for the TIC/CSC phenotype, including SOX2, C-MYC, NOTCH1 and NFκB1. Accordingly, EC-8042, but not doxorubicin, efficiently reduced the survival of CSC-enriched tumorsphere sarcoma cultures. In vivo, EC-8042 induced a profound inhibition of tumor growth associated to a strong reduction of the mitotic index and the induction of adipogenic differentiation and senescence. Finally, EC-8042 reduced the ability of tumor cells to reinitiate tumor growth. These data suggest that EC-8042 could constitute an effective treatment against both TIC and CSC subpopulations in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aida Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Eva Allonca
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Aurora Astudillo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Suarez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Harwood JL, Alexander JH, Mayerson JL, Scharschmidt TJ. Targeted Chemotherapy in Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma. Orthop Clin North Am 2015; 46:587-608. [PMID: 26410647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Historically surgical intervention has been the mainstay of therapy for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, augmented with adjuvant radiation for local control. Although cytotoxic chemotherapy revolutionized the treatment of many sarcomas, classic treatment regimens are fraught with side effects while outcomes have plateaued. However, since the approval of imatinib in 2002, research into targeted chemotherapy has increased exponentially. With targeted therapies comes the potential for decreased side effects and more potent, personalized treatment options. This article reviews the evolution of medical knowledge regarding sarcoma, the basic science of sarcomatogenesis, and the major targets and pathways now being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared L Harwood
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John H Alexander
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joel L Mayerson
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Thomas J Scharschmidt
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Guarnerio J, Riccardi L, Taulli R, Maeda T, Wang G, Hobbs RM, Song MS, Sportoletti P, Bernardi R, Bronson RT, Castillo-Martin M, Cordon-Cardo C, Lunardi A, Pandolfi PP. A genetic platform to model sarcomagenesis from primary adult mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:396-409. [PMID: 25614485 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The regulatory factors governing adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) physiology and their tumorigenic potential are still largely unknown, which substantially delays the identification of effective therapeutic approaches for the treatment of aggressive and lethal forms of MSC-derived mesenchymal tumors, such as undifferentiated sarcomas. Here, we have developed a novel platform to screen and quickly identify genes and pathways responsible for adult MSC transformation, modeled undifferentiated sarcoma in vivo, and, ultimately, tested the efficacy of targeting the identified oncopathways. Importantly, by taking advantage of this new platform, we demonstrate the key role of an aberrant LRF-DLK1-SOX9 pathway in the pathogenesis of undifferentiated sarcoma, with important therapeutic implications. SIGNIFICANCE The paucity of therapeutic options for the treatment of sarcoma calls for a rapid and effective preclinical assessment of new therapeutic modalities. We have here developed a new platform to deconstruct the molecular genetics underlying the pathogenesis of sarcoma and to evaluate in vivo the efficacy of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jlenia Guarnerio
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Luisa Riccardi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guocan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robin M Hobbs
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Min Sup Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Leukemia Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rodent Histopathology Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Lunardi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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