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Li D, Yang Z, Luo Y, Zhao X, Tian M, Kang P. Delivery of MiR335-5p-Pendant Tetrahedron DNA Nanostructures Using an Injectable Heparin Lithium Hydrogel for Challenging Bone Defects in Steroid-Associated Osteonecrosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101412. [PMID: 34694067 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroids-induced Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) upregulation and Wnt signaling inhibition result in bone metabolism disorder and steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON). Implanting biomaterials to regulate the Wnt pathway is a promising method to repair challenging bone defects associated with SAON. Here, tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) are fabricated as gene carriers to deliver MiR335-5p, which targets DKK1 translation. Heparin lithium hydrogel (Li-hep-gel) is synthesized to act as a lithium and MiR@TDNs delivery agent. Finally, the repair effects on challenging bone defect in SAON using a MiR@TDNs/Li-hep-gel composite are assessed in vivo. The results reveal that MiR@TDNs are absorbed by bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and increase cell viability and reduce apoptosis. Moreover, MiR@TDNs promote alkaline phosphatase expression and calcium nodular deposition, decrease lipid droplet expression of BMSCs, and improve vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and vascular-like structure formation in vitro. After MiR@TDNs/Li-hep-gel is implanted into the SAON model, the internal bone defect of osteonecrosis is repaired with a large area of new bone accompanied with neovascularization and reduced empty lacunae. In conclusion, MiR@TDNs/Li-hep-gel can provide dual delivery of lithium and MiR@TDNs, which synergistically upregulate the Wnt signaling pathway, enhancing bone regeneration in challenging bone defects, and can be potentially used in SAON repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Li
- Orthopedic Research Institution Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital Sichuan University 37# Wuhou Guoxue Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zhouyuan Yang
- Orthopedic Research Institution Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital Sichuan University 37# Wuhou Guoxue Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yue Luo
- Orthopedic Research Institution Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital Sichuan University 37# Wuhou Guoxue Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Orthopedic Research Institution Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital Sichuan University 37# Wuhou Guoxue Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Meng Tian
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Pengde Kang
- Orthopedic Research Institution Department of Orthopaedics West China Hospital Sichuan University 37# Wuhou Guoxue Road Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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Hombrebueno JR, Lynch A, Byrne EM, Obasanmi G, Kissenpfennig A, Chen M, Xu H. Hyaloid Vasculature as a Major Source of STAT3 + (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) Myeloid Cells for Pathogenic Retinal Neovascularization in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e367-e379. [PMID: 33115265 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myeloid cells are critically involved in inflammation-induced angiogenesis, although their pathogenic role in the ischemic retina remains controversial. We hypothesize that myeloid cells contribute to pathogenic neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity through STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) activation. Approach and Results: Using the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, we show that myeloid cells (CD45+IsolectinB4 [IB4]+) and particularly M2-type macrophages (CD45+ Arg1+), comprise a major source of STAT3 activation (pSTAT3) in the immature ischemic retina. Most of the pSTAT3-expressing myeloid cells concentrated at the hyaloid vasculature and their numbers were strongly correlated with the severity of pathogenic neovascular tuft formation. Pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 reduced the load of IB4+ cells in the hyaloid vasculature and significantly reduced the formation of pathogenic neovascular tufts during oxygen-induced retinopathy, leading to improved long-term visual outcomes (ie, increased retinal thickness and scotopic b-wave electroretinogram responses). Genetic deletion of SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3), an endogenous inhibitor of STAT3, in myeloid cells, enhanced pathological and physiological neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy, indicating that myeloid-STAT3 signaling is crucial for retinal angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Circulating myeloid cells may migrate to the immature ischemic retina through the hyaloid vasculature and contribute to retinal neovascularization via activation of STAT3. Understanding how STAT3 modulates myeloid cells for vascular repair/pathology may provide novel therapeutic options in pathogenic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Hombrebueno
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.).,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (J.R.H.)
| | - Aisling Lynch
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
| | - Eimear M Byrne
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
| | - Gideon Obasanmi
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
| | - Mei Chen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (J.R.H., A.L., E.M.B., G.O., A.K., M.C., H.X.)
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miR-210 transferred by lung cancer cell-derived exosomes may act as proangiogenic factor in cancer-associated fibroblasts by modulating JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:807-825. [PMID: 32219336 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been generally believed that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have the ability to increase the process of tumor angiogenesis. However, the potential mechanisms by which cancer-derived exosomes in lung cancer (LC) remains to be investigated. LC-derived exosomes were administrated to NIH/3T3 cells. A variety of experiments were conducted to investigate the proangiogenic factors of CAFs, including Western blot, RT-PCR, colony formation assay, tube formation assay, Matrigel plug assay et al. In addition, the impact of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were also explored. The role of hsa-miR-210 was identified with microarray profiling and validated in vitro and in vivo assays. The target of miR-210 was screened by RNA pull down, RNA-sequencing and then verified. It was shown that LC-derived exosomes could induce cell reprogramming, thus promoting the fibroblasts transferring into CAFs. In addition, the exosomes with overexpressed miR-210 could increase the level of angiogenesis and vice versa, which suggested the miR-210 secreted by the LC-derived exosomes may initiate the CAF proangiogenic switch. According to our analysis, the miR-210 had the ability of elevating the expression of some proangiogenic factors such as MMP9, FGF2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) a (VEGFa) by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) was identified as the target of miR-210 in CAFs which has been involved in proangiogenic switch. miR-210 was overexpressed in serum exosomes of untreated non-small cell LC (NSCLC) patients. We concluded that the promotion effect of exosomal miR-210 on proangiogenic switch of CAFs may be explained by the modulation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and TET2 in recipient fibroblasts.
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LNK promotes the growth and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer via activating JAK/STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:124. [PMID: 32322171 PMCID: PMC7160949 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LNK adaptor protein is a crucial regulator of normal hematopoiesis, which down-regulates activated tyrosine kinases at the cell surface resulting in an antitumor effect. To date, little studies have examined activities of LNK in solid tumors except ovarian cancer. Methods Clinical tissue chips were obtained from 16 clinical patients after surgery. Western blotting assay and quantitative real time PCR was performed to measure the expression of LNK. We investigate the in vivo and vitro effect of LNK in Triple Negative Breast Cancer by using cell proliferation、migration assays and an in vivo murine xenograft model. Western blotting assay was performed to investigate the mechanism of LNK in triple negative breast cancer. Results We found that the levels of LNK expression were elevated in high grade triple-negative breast cancer through Clinical tissue chips. Remarkably, overexpression of LNK can promote breast cancer cell proliferation and migration in vivo and vitro, while silencing of LNK show the opposite phenomenon. We also found that LNK can promote breast cancer cell to proliferate and migrate via activating JAK/STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathway. Conclusions Our results suggest that the adaptor protein LNK acts as a positive signal transduction modulator in TNBC.
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Jia J, Ma B, Wang S, Feng L. Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 14:460-465. [PMID: 30767752 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190214162453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are implicated in multiple biologic processes such as vascular homeostasis, neovascularization and tissue regeneration, and tumor angiogenesis. A subtype of EPCs is referred to as endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), which display robust clonal proliferative potential and can form durable and functional blood vessels in animal models. In this review, we provide a brief overview of EPCs' characteristics, classification and origins, a summary of the progress in preclinical studies with regard to the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord blood derived ECFCs (CB-ECFCs) for ischemia repair, tissue engineering and tumor, and highlight the necessity to select high proliferative CB-ECFCs and to optimize their recovery and expansion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R., China
| | - Baitao Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R., China
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R., China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R., China
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6
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Zhang X, Mao G, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Chen J, Ding W. Activating α7nAChRs enhances endothelial progenitor cell function partially through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Microvasc Res 2020; 129:103975. [PMID: 31926201 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular injury is a common pathological process in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are vital cells for angiogenesis and endothelial repair. These cells can home to injury sites and secrete angiogenic growth factors. α7nAChRs are pivotal in cholinergic angiogenesis, which is associated with endothelial cells and EPCs. Our study was designed to determine whether activating α7nAChRs enhances the function of EPCs and to explore the underlying mechanism. EPCs were derived from the bone marrow of male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with an α7nAChR agonist (PNU282987), an α7nAChR antagonist (MLA) and a JAK2 antagonist (AG490). We then assayed the angiogenic abilities of the EPCs, including proliferation ability, adhesion ability, migration ability and in vitro tube formation ability. The levels of total JAK2 (t-JAK2), phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2), total STAT3 (t-STAT3) and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) were estimated by western blot analysis. PNU282987 treatment facilitated the angiogenic abilities of EPCs compared with the control regimen. The western blot data suggested that PNU282987 increased the levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. However, the differences in t-JAK2 levels and t-STAT3 levels between the agonist-treated group and the control group were not significant. Moreover, treating EPCs with AG490 reduced STAT3 phosphorylation and attenuated the PNU282987-induced enhancement of EPCs. We demonstrated that activating α7nAChRs can enhance EPC functions partially through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study reveals that α7nAChRs are potential therapeutic targets for angiogenesis and that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway plays a vital role in the associated therapeutic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Guoren Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhennan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Wengang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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7
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attract Endothelial Progenitor Cells via a Positive Feedback Loop between CXCR2 and CXCR4. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4197164. [PMID: 31885605 PMCID: PMC6915119 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4197164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can attract host endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to promote vascularization in tissue-engineered constructs (TECs). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains vague. This study is aimed at investigating the roles of CXCR2 and CXCR4 in the EPC migration towards MSCs. In vitro, Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the migration of EPCs towards MSCs. Antagonists and shRNAs targeting CXCR2, CXCR4, and JAK/STAT3 were applied for the signaling blockade. Western blot and RT-PCR were conducted to analyze the molecular events in EPCs. In vivo, TECs were constructed and subcutaneously implanted into GFP+ transgenic mice. Signaling inhibitors were injected in an orientated manner into TECs. Recruitment of host CD34+ cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Eventually, we demonstrated that CXCR2 and CXCR4 were both highly expressed in migrated EPCs and indispensable for MSC-induced EPC migration. CXCR2 and CXCR4 strongly correlated with each other in the way that the expression of CXCR2 and CXCR2-mediated migration depends on the activity of CXCR4 and vice versa. Further studies documented that both of CXCR2 and CXCR4 activated STAT3 signaling, which in turn regulated the expression of CXCR2 and CXCR4, as well as cell migration. In summary, we firstly introduced a reciprocal crosstalk between CXCR2 and CXCR4 in the context of EPC migration. This feedback loop plays critical roles in the migration of EPCs towards MSCs.
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8
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Yun S, Yun CW, Lee JH, Kim S, Lee SH. Cripto Enhances Proliferation and Survival of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Up-Regulating JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in a GRP78-Dependent Manner. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:464-473. [PMID: 28835002 PMCID: PMC6131018 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cripto is a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored signaling protein that can detach from the anchored membrane and stimulate proliferation, migration, differentiation, vascularization, and angiogenesis. In the present study, we demonstrated that Cripto positively affected proliferation and survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) without affecting multipotency. Cripto also increased expression of phosphorylated janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), c-Myc, and cyclin D1. Notably, treatment with an anti-GRP78 antibody blocked these effects. In addition, pretreatment with STAT3 short interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the increase in p-JAK2, c-Myc, cyclin D1, and BCL3 levels caused by Cripto and attenuated the pro-survival action of Cripto on MSCs. We also found that incubation with Cripto protected MSCs from apoptosis caused by hypoxia or H2O2 exposure, and the level of caspase-3 decreased by the Cripto-induced expression of B-cell lymphoma 3-encoded protein (BCL3). These effects were sensitive to down-regulation of BCL3 expression by BCL3 siRNA. Finally, we showed that Cripto enhanced expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In summary, our results demonstrated that Cripto activated a novel biochemical cascade that potentiated MSC proliferation and survival. This cascade relied on phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 and was regulated by GRP78. Our findings may facilitate clinical applications of MSCs, as these cells may benefit from positive effects of Cripto on their survival and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungPil Yun
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Department of Medical Bioscience, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - SangMin Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Department of Medical Bioscience, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31151, Republic of Korea
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9
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Combination of MSC spheroids wrapped within autologous composite sheet dually protects against immune rejection and enhances stem cell transplantation efficacy. Tissue Cell 2018; 53:93-103. [PMID: 30060833 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in transplantation therapy due to their multilineage differentiation potential, abundance, and immuno-modulating ability. However, the risk of allograft rejection limits their application. Here, we proposed a novel method to facilitate MSC transplantation with enhanced applicability and efficacy. We cultured human adipose-derived MSCs in a 3D culture under in vitro expansion conditions and under conventional 2D adherent culture conditions. MSC spheroids promoted extracellular matrix molecules that stimulate MSC proliferation, and produced more angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor than 2D-cultured MSCs. Further, MSC spheroids showed increased IDO expression, increased proportion of M2 macrophages, and decreased macrophage proliferation, compared to 2D-cultured MSCs. Next, we proposed the wrapping of autologous cell sheets from the recipient around in-vitro-grown MSC spheroids to prevent allogenic immune rejection during transplantation. Myoblasts from C57BL/6 mice were used to prepare a stem cell composite sheet containing human-derived MSC spheres. The transplantation of MSC spheroids increased the survival rate and decreased the inflammatory response of the immunocompetent C57BL/6 ischemic mice. Thus, combining 3D-cultured MSC spheroid technology with immune evasion stem cell composite sheet improved the outcome and strengthened the protection against allogenic immune rejection.
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10
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Besnier M, Gasparino S, Vono R, Sangalli E, Facoetti A, Bollati V, Cantone L, Zaccagnini G, Maimone B, Fuschi P, Da Silva D, Schiavulli M, Aday S, Caputo M, Madeddu P, Emanueli C, Martelli F, Spinetti G. miR-210 Enhances the Therapeutic Potential of Bone-Marrow-Derived Circulating Proangiogenic Cells in the Setting of Limb Ischemia. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1694-1705. [PMID: 29908843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on circulating proangiogenic cells (PACs) have shown promise in ischemic disease models but require further optimization to reach the bedside. Ischemia-associated hypoxia robustly increases microRNA-210 (miR-210) expression in several cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). In ECs, miR-210 represses EphrinA3 (EFNA3), inducing proangiogenic responses. This study provides new mechanistic evidences for a role of miR-210 in PACs. PACs were obtained from either adult peripheral blood or cord blood. miR-210 expression was modulated with either an inhibitory complementary oligonucleotide (anti-miR-210) or a miRNA mimic (pre-miR-210). Scramble and absence of transfection served as controls. As expected, hypoxia increased miR-210 in PACs. In vivo, migration toward and adhesion to the ischemic endothelium facilitate the proangiogenic actions of transplanted PACs. In vitro, PAC migration toward SDF-1α/CXCL12 was impaired by anti-miR-210 and enhanced by pre-miR-210. Moreover, pre-miR-210 increased PAC adhesion to ECs and supported angiogenic responses in co-cultured ECs. These responses were not associated with changes in extracellular miR-210 and were abrogated by lentivirus-mediated EFNA3 overexpression. Finally, ex-vivo pre-miR-210 transfection predisposed PACs to induce post-ischemic therapeutic neovascularization and blood flow recovery in an immunodeficient mouse limb ischemia model. In conclusion, miR-210 modulates PAC functions and improves their therapeutic potential in limb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Besnier
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stefano Gasparino
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Vono
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sangalli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cantone
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Germana Zaccagnini
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Italy
| | - Biagina Maimone
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Italy
| | - Paola Fuschi
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Italy
| | - Daniel Da Silva
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Italy
| | - Michele Schiavulli
- AORN Santobono Pausilipon, Transfusion Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit-Regional Reference Center for Coagulation Disorders, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sezin Aday
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Italy.
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
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Kim YJ, Ji ST, Kim DY, Jung SY, Kang S, Park JH, Jang WB, Yun J, Ha J, Lee DH, Kwon SM. Long-Term Priming by Three Small Molecules Is a Promising Strategy for Enhancing Late Endothelial Progenitor Cell Bioactivities. Mol Cells 2018; 41:582-590. [PMID: 29890822 PMCID: PMC6030238 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) play a pivotal role in vascular regeneration in ischemic tissues; however, their therapeutic application in clinical settings is limited due to the low quality and quantity of patient-derived circulating EPCs. To solve this problem, we evaluated whether three priming small molecules (tauroursodeoxycholic acid, fucoidan, and oleuropein) could enhance the angiogenic potential of EPCs. Such enhancement would promote the cellular bioactivities and help to develop functionally improved EPC therapeutics for ischemic diseases by accelerating the priming effect of the defined physiological molecules. We found that preconditioning of each of the three small molecules significantly induced the differentiation potential of CD34+ stem cells into EPC lineage cells. Notably, long-term priming of OECs with the three chemical cocktail (OEC-3C) increased the proliferation potential of EPCs via ERK activation. The migration, invasion, and tube-forming capacities were also significantly enhanced in OEC-3Cs compared with unprimed OECs. Further, the cell survival ratio was dramatically increased in OEC-3Cs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the augmented expression of Bcl-2, a prosurvival protein. In conclusion, we identified three small molecules for enhancing the bioactivities of ex vivo-expanded OECs for vascular repair. Long-term 3C priming might be a promising methodology for EPC-based therapy against ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
| | - Seok Yun Jung
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
| | - Woong Bi Jang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
| | - Jongseong Ha
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612,
Korea
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12
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Steinhoff G, Nesteruk J, Wolfien M, Große J, Ruch U, Vasudevan P, Müller P. Stem cells and heart disease - Brake or accelerator? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:2-24. [PMID: 29054357 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After two decades of intensive research and attempts of clinical translation, stem cell based therapies for cardiac diseases are not getting closer to clinical success. This review tries to unravel the obstacles and focuses on underlying mechanisms as the target for regenerative therapies. At present, the principal outcome in clinical therapy does not reflect experimental evidence. It seems that the scientific obstacle is a lack of integration of knowledge from tissue repair and disease mechanisms. Recent insights from clinical trials delineate mechanisms of stem cell dysfunction and gene defects in repair mechanisms as cause of atherosclerosis and heart disease. These findings require a redirection of current practice of stem cell therapy and a reset using more detailed analysis of stem cell function interfering with disease mechanisms. To accelerate scientific development the authors suggest intensifying unified computational data analysis and shared data knowledge by using open-access data platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Steinhoff
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Julia Nesteruk
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Markus Wolfien
- University Rostock, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Jana Große
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Ruch
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Praveen Vasudevan
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Paula Müller
- University Medicine Rostock, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
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Lee BNR, Son YS, Lee D, Choi YJ, Kwon SM, Chang HK, Kim PH, Cho JY. Hedgehog-Interacting Protein (HIP) Regulates Apoptosis Evasion and Angiogenic Function of Late Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12449. [PMID: 28963460 PMCID: PMC5622095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Late endothelial progenitor cells (LEPCs) are derived from mononuclear cells (MNCs) and are thought to directly incorporate into blood vessels and differentiate into mature endothelial cells (ECs). Using transcriptome and proteome analysis, we identified distinctive LEPC profiles and found that Hedgehog-interacting protein (HIP) is strongly expressed in LEPCs. Inhibition of HIP by lentiviral knockdown activated canonical hedgehog signaling in LEPCs, while it activated non-canonical hedgehog signaling in ECs. In LEPCs, HIP knockdown induced much enhanced tube formation and resistance to apoptosis under oxidative stress conditions via canonical hedgehog signaling. Although HIP is strongly expressed in proliferating LEPCs, HIP expression is down-regulated during angiogenesis and under oxidative stress condition. Moreover, when LEPCs are treated with angiogenic triggers such as VEGF and FGF2, HIP expression is reduced. Our findings suggest that HIP blocks LEPC angiogenesis and regulate survival when there is no angiogenic stimulation. HIP inhibition in LEPCs enhanced tube formation and reduced apoptosis, resulting in improved angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bom Nae Rin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Yeon Sung Son
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine & Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Pyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35-365, Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
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14
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Intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and JAK1/STAT3 pathway are involved in the protective effect of propofol on BV2 microglia against hypoxia-induced inflammation and apoptosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178098. [PMID: 28542400 PMCID: PMC5441598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative hypoxia may induce microglial inflammation and apoptosis, resulting in brain injury. The neuroprotective effect of propofol against hypoxia has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms are far from clear. In this study, we explored whether and how propofol could attenuate microglia BV2 cells from CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury. METHODS Mouse microglia BV2 cells were pretreated with propofol, and then stimulated with CoCl2. TNF-α level in the culture medium was measured by ELISA kit. Cell apoptosis and intracellular calcium concentration were measured by flow cytometry analysis. The effect of propofol on CoCl2-modulated expression of Ca2+/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKIIα), phosphorylated CAMKIIα (pCAMKIIα), STAT3, pSTAT3Y705, pSTAT3S727, ERK1/2, pERK1/2, pNFκB(p65), pro-caspase3, cleaved caspase 3, JAK1, pJAK1, JAK2, pJAK2 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS In BV2 cell, CoCl2 treatment time-dependently increased TNF-α release and induced apoptosis, which were alleviated by propofol. CoCl2 (500μmol/L, 8h) treatment increased intracellular Ca2+ level, and caused the phosphorylation of CAMKIIα, ERK1/2 and NFκB (p65), as well as the activation of caspase 3. More importantly, these effects could be modulated by 25μmol/L propofol via maintaining intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and via up-regulating the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3 at Tyr705. CONCLUSION Propofol could protect BV2 microglia from hypoxia-induced inflammation and apoptosis. The potential mechanisms may involve the maintaining of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and the activation of JAK1/STAT3 pathway.
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Zhang R, Yang J, Yuan J, Song B, Wang Y, Xu Y. The Therapeutic Value of Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cell Transplantation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Neurol 2017; 8:174. [PMID: 28512445 PMCID: PMC5411418 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To study the effect of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) treatment on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats and elucidate possible mechanisms. Methods The rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) EPC group: ICH + EPC, (2) phosphate-buffered saline group: ICH + PBS, and (3) sham group. EPCs were transplanted intravenously 6 h after ICH. Modified neurological severity score was used to evaluate neurological function. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity was evaluated. Dead cells, inflammatory cytokines, and neuroprotective cytokines were assessed to investigate possible mechanisms. Results The animals in the EPC group showed significant improvement in neurological function at 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days after ICH, compared with those in the PBS group. EPC transplantation significantly reduced brain edema and the number of dead cells in the hematoma boundary areas. The intensity of Evans Blue was decreased, and expression levels of zonula occluden-1 and claudin-5 were increased in the EPC group. Proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α, were decreased, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β1 and IL-10, were increased in the EPC group. In addition, expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and neurotrophic growth factor were increased following transplantation of EPCs. Conclusion EPC transplantation could improve neurological function of ICH rats. The protective effect may be mediated by promotion of neuroprotective cytokine secretion, restoration of the BBB, reduction of cell death, and the decrease in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Khoo CP, Roubelakis MG, Schrader JB, Tsaknakis G, Konietzny R, Kessler B, Harris AL, Watt SM. miR-193a-3p interaction with HMGB1 downregulates human endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44137. [PMID: 28276476 PMCID: PMC5343468 DOI: 10.1038/srep44137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) contribute to vascular repair where they are a target for therapy. Since ECFC proliferative potential is increased in cord versus peripheral blood and to define regulatory factors controlling this proliferation, we compared the miRNA profiles of cord blood and peripheral blood ECFC-derived cells. Of the top 25 differentially regulated miRNAs selected, 22 were more highly expressed in peripheral blood ECFC-derived cells. After validating candidate miRNAs by q-RT-PCR, we selected miR-193a-3p for further investigation. The miR-193a-3p mimic reduced cord blood ECFC-derived cell proliferation, migration and vascular tubule formation, while the miR-193a-3p inhibitor significantly enhanced these parameters in peripheral blood ECFC-derived cells. Using in silico miRNA target database analyses combined with proteome arrays and luciferase reporter assays of miR-193a-3p mimic treated cord blood ECFC-derived cells, we identified 2 novel miR-193a-3p targets, the high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and the hypoxia upregulated-1 (HYOU1) gene products. HMGB1 silencing in cord blood ECFC-derived cells confirmed its role in regulating vascular function. Thus, we show, for the first time, that miR-193a-3p negatively regulates human ECFC vasculo/angiogenesis and propose that antagonising miR-193a-3p in less proliferative and less angiogenic ECFC-derived cells will enhance their vasculo/angiogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheen P. Khoo
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
- Stem Cell Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
| | - Maria G. Roubelakis
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
- Stem Cell Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
- Laboratory of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens 115 27, Greece
- Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Jack B. Schrader
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
- Stem Cell Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Grigorios Tsaknakis
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
- Stem Cell Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete
| | - Rebecca Konietzny
- Target Discovery Institute, NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Benedikt Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Suzanne M. Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
- Stem Cell Research, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
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Ganta VC, Choi M, Kutateladze A, Annex BH. VEGF165b Modulates Endothelial VEGFR1-STAT3 Signaling Pathway and Angiogenesis in Human and Experimental Peripheral Arterial Disease. Circ Res 2016; 120:282-295. [PMID: 27974423 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atherosclerotic-arterial occlusions decrease tissue perfusion causing ischemia to lower limbs in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Ischemia in muscle induces an angiogenic response, but the magnitude of this response is frequently inadequate to meet tissue perfusion requirements. Alternate splicing in the exon-8 of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A results in production of proangiogenic VEGFxxxa isoforms (VEGF165a, 165 for the 165 amino acid product) and antiangiogenic VEGFxxxb (VEGF165b) isoforms. OBJECTIVE The antiangiogenic VEGFxxxb isoforms are thought to antagonize VEGFxxxa isoforms and decrease activation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2), hereunto considered the dominant receptor in postnatal angiogenesis in PAD. Our data will show that VEGF165b inhibits VEGFR1 signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 signaling to decrease angiogenesis in human and experimental PAD. METHODS AND RESULTS In human PAD versus control muscle biopsies, VEGF165b: (1) is elevated, (2) is bound higher (versus VEGF165a) to VEGFR1 not VEGFR2, and (3) levels correlated with decreased VEGFR1, not VEGFR2, activation. In experimental PAD, delivery of an isoform-specific monoclonal antibody to VEGF165b versus control antibody enhanced perfusion in animal model of severe PAD (Balb/c strain) without activating VEGFR2 signaling but with increased VEGFR1 activation. Receptor pull-down experiments demonstrate that VEGF165b inhibition versus control increased VEGFR1-STAT3 binding and STAT3 activation, independent of Janus-activated kinase-1)/Janus-activated kinase-2. Using VEGFR1+/- mice that could not increase VEGFR1 after ischemia, we confirm that VEGF165b decreases VEGFR1-STAT3 signaling to decrease perfusion. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that VEGF165b prevents activation of VEGFR1-STAT3 signaling by VEGF165a and hence inhibits angiogenesis and perfusion recovery in PAD muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Chaitanya Ganta
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (V.C.G., M.C., B.H.A.), Department of Biology (A.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.H.A.)
| | - Min Choi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (V.C.G., M.C., B.H.A.), Department of Biology (A.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.H.A.)
| | - Anna Kutateladze
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (V.C.G., M.C., B.H.A.), Department of Biology (A.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.H.A.)
| | - Brian H Annex
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (V.C.G., M.C., B.H.A.), Department of Biology (A.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.H.A.).
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18
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Lee JH, Ji ST, Kim J, Takaki S, Asahara T, Hong YJ, Kwon SM. Specific disruption of Lnk in murine endothelial progenitor cells promotes dermal wound healing via enhanced vasculogenesis, activation of myofibroblasts, and suppression of inflammatory cell recruitment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:158. [PMID: 27793180 PMCID: PMC5084514 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to wound repair by promoting neovascularization, the mechanism of EPC-mediated wound healing remains poorly understood due to the lack of pivotal molecular targets of dermal wound repair. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that genetic targeting of the Lnk gene in EPCs dramatically enhances the vasculogenic potential including cell proliferation, migration, and tubule-like formation as well as accelerates in vivo wound healing, with a reduction in fibrotic tissue and improved neovascularization via significant suppression of inflammatory cell recruitment. When injected into wound sites, Lnk -/- EPCs gave rise to a significant number of new vessels, with remarkably increased survival of transplanted cells and decreased recruitment of cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, but caused activation of fibroblasts in the wound-remodeling phase. Notably, in a mouse model of type I diabetes, transplanted Lnk -/- EPCs induced significantly better wound healing than Lnk +/+ EPCs did. CONCLUSIONS The specific targeting of Lnk may be a promising EPC-based therapeutic strategy for dermal wound healing via improvement of neovascularization but inhibition of excessive inflammation as well as activation of myofibroblasts during dermal tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Kim
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Centre for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Centre for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Young-Joon Hong
- Division of Cardiology of Chonnam National University Hospital, Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
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Cao Z, Tong X, Xia W, Chen L, Zhang X, Yu B, Yang Z, Tao J. CXCR7/p-ERK-Signaling Is a Novel Target for Therapeutic Vasculogenesis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161255. [PMID: 27612090 PMCID: PMC5017667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by insufficient vasculogenic response to ischemia, which is typically accompanied by dysfunction of endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs). CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) is a key modulator of the neovascularization of EOCs to perfusion defect area. However, the mechanism underlying the role of EOCs in CAD-related abnormal vasculogenesis is still not clear. Here, we investigated the alteration of EOCs-related vasculogenic capacity in patients with CAD and its potential mechanism. Compared with EOCs isolated from healthy subjects, EOCs from CAD patients showed an impaired vasculogenic function in vitro. CXCR7 expression of EOCs from CAD patients was downregulated. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), downstream of CXCR7 signaling, was also reduced. CXCR7 expression introduced by adenovirus increased the phosphorylation of ERK, which was parallel to improved function of EOCs. The enhanced adhesion and vasculogenesis of EOCs can be blocked by short interfering RNA (siRNA) against CXCR7 and ERK inhibitor PD098059. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the upregulation of CXCR7 signaling contributes to increased vasculogenic capacity of EOCs from CAD patients, indicating that CXCR7 signaling may be a novel therapeutic vasculogenic target for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Xinzhu Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingbo Yu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JT); (ZY)
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JT); (ZY)
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20
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Lee JH, Lee SH, Lee HS, Ji ST, Jung SY, Kim JH, Bae SS, Kwon SM. Lnk is an important modulator of insulin-like growth factor-1/Akt/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma axis during adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:459-66. [PMID: 27610032 PMCID: PMC5014992 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.5.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for metabolic homeostasis and nutrient signaling during development. However, limited information is available on the pivotal modulators of adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Adaptor protein Lnk (Src homology 2B3 [SH2B3]), which belongs to a family of SH2-containing proteins, modulates the bioactivities of different stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated whether an interaction between insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Lnk regulated IGF-1-induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. We found that wild-type MSCs showed greater adipogenic differentiation potential than Lnk–/– MSCs. An ex vivo adipogenic differentiation assay showed that Lnk–/– MSCs had decreased adipogenic differentiation potential compared with wild-type MSCs. Interestingly, we found that Lnk formed a complex with IGF-1R and that IGF-1 induced the dissociation of this complex. In addition, we observed that IGF-1-induced increase in the phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin was triggered by the dissociation of the IGF-1R–Lnk complex. Expression levels of a pivotal transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and its adipogenic target genes (LPL and FABP4) significantly decreased in Lnk–/– MSCs. These results suggested that Lnk adaptor protein regulated the adipogenesis of MSCs through the IGF-1/Akt/PPAR-γ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea.; Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Hyang Seon Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seok Yun Jung
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan Natinoal University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.; Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University, Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Harada M, Toko H. Does Mechanical Stress Regulate the Angiogenic Profile of Endothelial Progenitor Cells? Int Heart J 2016; 57:268-70. [PMID: 27181044 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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Tasev D, Koolwijk P, van Hinsbergh VWM. Therapeutic Potential of Human-Derived Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Animal Models. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:371-382. [PMID: 27032435 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tissue regeneration requires proper vascularization. In vivo studies identified that the endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a subtype of endothelial progenitor cells that can be isolated from umbilical cord or peripheral blood, represent a promising cell source for therapeutic neovascularization. ECFCs not only are able to initiate and facilitate neovascularization in diseased tissue but also can, by acting in a paracrine manner, contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for efficient and appropriate differentiation of tissue-resident stem or progenitor cells. This review outlines the progress in the field of in vivo regenerative and tissue engineering studies and surveys why, when, and how ECFCs can be used for tissue regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Reviewed literature that regard human-derived ECFCs in xenogeneic animal models implicates that ECFCs should be considered as an endothelial cell source of preference for induction of neovascularization. Their neovascularization and regenerative potential is augmented in combination with other types of stem or progenitor cells. Biocompatible scaffolds prevascularized with ECFCs interconnect faster and better with the host vasculature. The physical incorporation of ECFCs in newly formed blood vessels grants prolonged release of trophic factors of interest, which also makes ECFCs an interesting cell source candidate for gene therapy and delivery of bioactive compounds in targeted area. SUMMARY ECFCs possess all biological features to be considered as a cell source of preference for tissue engineering and repair of blood supply. Investigation of regenerative potential of ECFCs in autologous settings in large animal models before clinical application is the next step to clearly outline the most efficient strategy for using ECFCs as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tasev
- 1 Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,2 A-Skin Nederland BV , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- 1 Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- 1 Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gao Y, Lu Z, Chen C, Cui X, Liu Y, Zheng T, Jiang X, Zeng C, Quan D, Wang Q. Mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells accelerate intra-aneurysmal tissue organization after treatment with SDF-1α-coated coils. Neurol Res 2016; 38:333-41. [PMID: 27125512 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1164433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recurrences of aneurysms remain the major drawback of detachable coils for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The aim of the present study is to develop new modified coils, coating the surface of platinum coils with silk fibroin (SF) consisting of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), and evaluate its acceleration of organization of cavities and reduction of lumen size in a rat aneurysm model. The morphological characteristics of SDF-1α-coated coils were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fifty experimental aneurysms were created and randomly divided into five groups: three groups were embolized with SDF-1α-coated coils (8 mm) and two of these groups need transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs); one group was embolized with bare coils (8 mm) and another group severed as control. After coil implantation for 14 or 28 days, the coils were harvested and histological analysis was performed. SEM photographs showed that SF/SDF-1α-coated coils have uniform size and a thin film compared with bare coils. In the group treated with SDF-1α-coated coils, tissue organization was accelerated and the proliferation of α-smooth muscle actin positive cells was promoted in the aneurysmal sac. Compared with unmodified coils, on day 28, tissue organization was significantly greater in the group treated with SDF-1α-coated coils and MSC or EPC transplantation. These results suggest that SDF-1α-coated coils with MSC or EPC transplantation may be beneficial in the aneurysm healing and endothelialization at the orifice of embolized aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Gao
- a The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Graduate School of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,c Department of Neurology , Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ziming Lu
- a The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Graduate School of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chengwei Chen
- a The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Graduate School of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xubo Cui
- a The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Graduate School of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- a The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Graduate School of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tao Zheng
- a The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Graduate School of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- a The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chi Zeng
- d School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Daping Quan
- d School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiujing Wang
- a The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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Hypoxia accelerates vascular repair of endothelial colony-forming cells on ischemic injury via STAT3-BCL3 axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015. [PMID: 26219963 PMCID: PMC4522108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) significantly improve tissue repair by providing regeneration potential within injured cardiovascular tissue. However, ECFC transplantation into ischemic tissue exhibits limited therapeutic efficacy due to poor engraftment in vivo. We established an adequate ex vivo expansion protocol and identified novel modulators that enhance functional bioactivities of ECFCs. Methods To augment the regenerative potential of ECFCs, functional bioactivities of hypoxia-preconditioned ECFCs (hypo-ECFCs) were examined. Results Phosphorylations of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and clonogenic proliferation were enhanced by short-term ECFC culturing under hypoxia, whereas siRNA-targeting of STAT3 significantly reduced these activities. Expression of BCL3, a target molecule of STAT3, was increased in hypo-ECFCs. Moreover, siRNA inhibition of BCL3 markedly reduced survival of ECFCs during hypoxic stress in vitro and ischemic stress in vivo. In a hindlimb ischemia model of ischemia, hypo-ECFC transplantation enhanced blood flow ratio, capillary density, transplanted cell proliferation and survival, and angiogenic cytokine secretion at ischemic sites. Conclusions Hypoxia preconditioning facilitates functional bioactivities of ECFCs by mediating regulation of the STAT3-BCL3 axis. Thus, a hypoxic preconditioned ex vivo expansion protocol triggers expansion and functional bioactivities of ECFCs via modulation of the hypoxia-induced STAT3-BCL3 axis, suggesting that hypo-ECFCs offer a therapeutic strategy for accelerated neovasculogenesis in ischemic diseases.
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