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Shen D, Xia Y, Fu Y, Cao Q, Chen W, Zhu Y, Guo K, Sun L. Hedgehog pathway and cancer: A new area (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 52:116. [PMID: 38994763 PMCID: PMC11267502 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In years of research on classical pathways, the composition, information transmission mechanism, crosstalk with other pathways, and physiological and pathological effects of hedgehog (HH) pathway have been gradually clarified. HH also plays a critical role in tumor formation and development. According to the update of interpretation of tumor phenotypes, the latest relevant studies have been sorted out, to explore the specific mechanism of HH pathway in regulating different tumor phenotypes through gene mutation and signal regulation. The drugs and natural ingredients involved in regulating HH pathway were also reviewed; five approved drugs and drugs under research exert efficacy by blocking HH pathway, and at least 22 natural components have potential to treat tumors by HH pathway. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency of existing studies. The present review confirmed the great potential of HH pathway in future cancer treatment with factual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Xia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yuhan Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qiaochang Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Kaibo Guo
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Leitao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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2
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Obaid Saleh R, Shbeer AM, Jetti R, Ahmed Robadi I, Hjazi A, Hussein Kareem A, Noori Shakir M, Qasim Alasheqi M, Alawadi A, Haslany A. Association between lncRNAs with stem cells in cancer; a particular focus on lncRNA-CSCs axis in cancer immunopathogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112306. [PMID: 38833843 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A unique population of cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) is essential to developing and spreading cancer. Cancer initiation, maintenance, and progression are all believed to be significantly impacted by the distinct characteristics these cells exhibit regarding self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. Transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational processes are the only steps of gene expression that lncRNAs can affect. As a result, these proteins participate in numerous biological processes, including the repair of DNA damage, inflammatory reactions, metabolic control, the survival of cells, intercellular communication, and the development and specialization of cells. Studies have indicated that lncRNAs are important for controlling the increase in the subset of CSCs contributing to cancer development. The knowledge that is currently available about lncRNAs and their critical role in maintaining the biological properties of CSCs is highlighted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Abdullah M Shbeer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raghu Jetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Robadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maha Noori Shakir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Haslany
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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3
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Zheng R, He Y, Yang L, Chen Y, Wang R, Xie S. Nischarin inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and angiogenesis in breast cancer cells by inactivating FAK/ERK signaling pathway via EGF like repeats and discoidin domains 3. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:821. [PMID: 39023636 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study has demonstrated that Nischarin (NISCH) exerts its antitumor effects in breast cancer (BC) by suppressing cell migration and invasion. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism through which NISCH functions in BC. METHODS AND RESULTS The relevance between EGF Like Repeats and Discoidin Domains 3 (EDIL3) mRNA expression and the overall survival of tumor patients was depicted by the Kaplan-Meier curve. The findings revealed that overexpressed NISCH attenuated cell motility and colony-forming capacities of Hs578T cells, yet silenced NISCH in MDA-MB-231 cells led to contrasting results. Western blot (WB) analysis indicated that overexpression of NISCH significantly down-regulated the Vimentin and Slug expression, and inactivated the FAK/ERK signaling pathway. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in NISCH-overexpressed Hs578T cells and the control cells to analyze differentially expressed genes (DeGs), and the results showed a significant down-regulation of EDIL3 mRNA level upon overexpression of NISCH. Subsequent functional analyses demonstrated that overexpression of EDIL3 attenuated the inhibitory effect of NISCH on cell migration, invasion, colony formation, and tube formation. CONCLUSION In summary, our finding preliminarily revealed that NISCH inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and angiogenesis in BC cells by down-regulating EDIL3 to inactivate the FAK/ERK signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the progression of BC. Our results hold promise for contributing to the deep understanding of BC pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic strategies for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhen Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibo He
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Yanguan Lane 34, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingrong Yang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yidan Chen
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Yanguan Lane 34, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangnao Xie
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Yanguan Lane 34, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Chandel SS, Mishra A, Dubey G, Singh RP, Singh M, Agarwal M, Chawra HS, Kukreti N. Unravelling the role of long non-coding RNAs in modulating the Hedgehog pathway in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155156. [PMID: 38309021 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial pathological condition characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, genomic instability, and evasion of regulatory mechanisms. It arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations confer selective growth advantages, leading to malignant transformation and tumor formation. The intricate interplay between LncRNAs and the Hedgehog pathway has emerged as a captivating frontier in cancer research. The Hedgehog pathway, known for its fundamental roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, is frequently dysregulated in various cancers, contributing to aberrant cellular proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The Hh pathway is crucial in organizing growth and maturation processes in multicellular organisms. It plays a pivotal role in the initiation of tumors as well as in conferring resistance to conventional therapeutic approaches. The crosstalk among the Hh pathway and lncRNAs affects the expression of Hh signaling components through various transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Numerous pathogenic processes, including both non-malignant and malignant illnesses, have been identified to be induced by this interaction. The dysregulation of lncRNAs has been associated with the activation or inhibition of the Hh pathway, making it a potential therapeutic target against tumorigenesis. Insights into the functional significance of LncRNAs in Hedgehog pathway modulation provide promising avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The dysregulation of LncRNAs in various cancer types underscores their potential as biomarkers for early detection and prognostication. Additionally, targeting LncRNAs associated with the Hedgehog pathway presents an innovative strategy for developing precision therapeutics to restore pathway homeostasis and impede cancer progression. This review aims to elucidate the complex regulatory network orchestrated by LncRNAs, unravelling their pivotal roles in modulating the Hedgehog pathway and influencing cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anurag Mishra
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Dubey
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Mithilesh Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
| | | | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
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Yang F, Yang Y, Qiu Y, Tang L, Xie L, Guan X. Long Non-Coding RNAs as Regulators for Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Biological Properties and Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:290. [PMID: 38254782 PMCID: PMC10814583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacity, have been suggested to give rise to tumor heterogeneity and biologically aggressive behavior. Accumulating evidence has shown that BCSCs play a fundamental role in tumorigenesis, progression, and recurrence. The development of immunotherapy, primarily represented by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, has greatly changed the treatment landscape of multiple malignancies. Recent studies have identified pervasive negative associations between cancer stemness and anticancer immunity. Stemness seems to play a causative role in the formation of cold tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). The multiple functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating stemness and immune responses has been recently highlighted in breast cancer. The review focus on lncRNAs and keys pathways involved in the regulation of BCSCs and TIME. Potential clinical applications using lncRNAs as biomarkers or therapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China;
| | - Li Xie
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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6
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Zhou X, Liu X, Wan X, Xu M, Wang R, Yang D, Peng M, Jin T, Tang R, Liu M, Hou Y. Oxidized ATM governs stemness of breast cancer stem cell through regulating ubiquitylation and acetylation switch. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149243. [PMID: 38016338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), as parts of tumor initiation cells, play a crucial role to tumorigenesis, development and recurrence. However, the complicated mechanisms of CSCs to adapt to tumor microenvironment and its stemness maintenance remains unclear. Here, we show that oxidized ATM, a hypoxia-activated cytoplasm ATM, acts a novel function to maintain CSC stemness in triple-negative breast cancer cells (BCSCs) via regulating histone H4 acetylation. Mechanistically, oxidized ATM phosphorylates TRIM21 (a E3 ubiquitin ligase) serine 80 and serine 469. Serine 80 phosphorylation of TRIM21 is essential for the ubiquitination activity of TRIM21. TRIM21 binds with SIRT1 (one of deacetylase), resulting in ubiquitylation-mediated degradation of SIRT1. The reduced SIRT1 leads to increase of histone H4 acetylation, thus facilitating CSC-related gene expression. Clinical data verify that high level of ATM in breast tumors is positively correlated with malignant grade, and is closely related with low SIRT1, high p-TRIM21, and high CD44 expression. In conclusion, our study provides a novel mechanism by which oxidized ATM governing BCSCs stemness and reveals an important link among oxidized ATM, histone acetylation, and BCSCs maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xueying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Meixi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Ahmadpour ST, Orre C, Bertevello PS, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Dumas JF, Desquiret-Dumas V. Breast Cancer Chemoresistance: Insights into the Regulatory Role of lncRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15897. [PMID: 37958880 PMCID: PMC10650504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a subclass of noncoding RNAs composed of more than 200 nucleotides without the ability to encode functional proteins. Given their involvement in critical cellular processes such as gene expression regulation, transcription, and translation, lncRNAs play a significant role in organism homeostasis. Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer worldwide and evidence has shown a relationship between aberrant lncRNA expression and BC development. One of the main obstacles in BC control is multidrug chemoresistance, which is associated with the deregulation of multiple mechanisms such as efflux transporter activity, mitochondrial metabolism reprogramming, and epigenetic regulation as well as apoptosis and autophagy. Studies have shown the involvement of a large number of lncRNAs in the regulation of such pathways. However, the underlying mechanism is not clearly elucidated. In this review, we present the principal mechanisms associated with BC chemoresistance that can be directly or indirectly regulated by lncRNA, highlighting the importance of lncRNA in controlling BC chemoresistance. Understanding these mechanisms in deep detail may interest the clinical outcome of BC patients and could be used as therapeutic targets to overcome BC therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Tayebeh Ahmadpour
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Inserm, UMR1069, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (P.S.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Charlotte Orre
- Inserm U1083, UMR CNRS 6214, Angers University, 49933 Angers, France; (C.O.); (D.M.-P.)
| | - Priscila Silvana Bertevello
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Inserm, UMR1069, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (P.S.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | | | - Jean-François Dumas
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Inserm, UMR1069, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (P.S.B.); (J.-F.D.)
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8
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Shivnani P, Shekhawat S, Prajapati A. Cancer Cachexia and breast cancer stem cell signalling - A crosstalk of signalling molecules. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110847. [PMID: 37557973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Cachexia is a condition characterized by the involuntary loss of lean body mass, a negative protein and energy balance, and systemic inflammation. This syndrome profoundly impacts the patient's quality of life and is linked to poor chemotherapy response and reduced survival. Despite multiple mechanisms being implicated in its development, and various cytokines believed to contribute to the persistent catabolic state, cachexia is still not fully recognized and is often left untreated. Cachexia is caused by altered metabolic adaptation and lack of anticactic therapy due to systemic cytokines promoting and fuelling cancer growth. The exact molecular mechanisms and clinical endpoints remain poorly defined. It has an occurrence rate of 30%-80%, accounting for 20% of total cancer mortality. Tumor cells remodel the microenvironment suitable for their proliferation, wherein they communicate with fibroblast cells to modulate their expression and induce tumor progressive cytokines. Several studies have reported its strong correlation with systemic cytokines that initiate and aggravate the condition. Plenty of studies show the prominent role of cancer-induced cachexia in pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. However, limited data are available for breast cancer-induced cachexia, highlighting the need for studying it. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a prominently explored area in breast cancer research. They are characterized by CD44+/CD24-/ALDH+ expression and are a focus of cancer research. They are a source of renewal and differentiation within the tumor environment and are responsible for progression, and chemotherapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment and its cytokines are responsible for maintaining and inducing their differentiation. Cytokines significantly impact BCSC development and self-renewal, stimulating or inhibiting proliferation depending on cytokine and environment. Pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 increase proliferation, promoting tumor growth. Experimental models and clinical studies have shown a direct relationship between cytokines and BCSC proliferation. Several of them seem to be interconnected as they initiate signalling down different pathways but converge at BCSC increase and tumor proliferation. This review highlights the common pathways between cachexia and BCSC signalling, to identify potential therapeutic targets that can aid both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Shivnani
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India
| | - Saroj Shekhawat
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India
| | - Akhilesh Prajapati
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India.
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Thapa R, Afzal O, Gupta G, Bhat AA, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Altamimi ASA, Subramaniyan V, Thangavelu L, Singh SK, Dua K. Unveiling the connection: Long-chain non-coding RNAs and critical signaling pathways in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154736. [PMID: 37579591 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and diverse condition that disrupts multiple signaling pathways essential for cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Recently, the significant involvement of long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in controlling key signaling pathways associated with breast cancer development has been discovered. This review aims to explore the interaction between lncRNAs and various pathways, including the AKT/PI3K/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, DNA damage response, TGF-β, Hedgehog, and NF-κB signaling pathways, to gain a comprehensive understanding of their roles in breast cancer. The AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway regulates cell growth, survival, and metabolic function. Recent data suggests that specific lncRNAs can influence the functioning of this pathway, acting as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Dysregulation of this pathway is commonly observed in breast cancer cases. Moreover, breast cancer development has been associated with other pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, TGF-β, Hedgehog, and NF-κB. Emerging studies have identified lncRNAs that modulate breast cancer's growth, progression, and metastasis by interacting with these pathways. To advance the development of innovative diagnostic tools and targeted treatment options, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and vital signaling pathways in breast cancer. By fully harnessing the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs, there is a possibility of developing more effective and personalized therapy choices for breast cancer patients. Further investigation is necessary to comprehensively understand the role of lncRNAs within breast cancer signaling pathways and fully exploit their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, MONASH University, Malaysia
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Global Health Research , Saveetha Medical College , Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
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10
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Parfenyev SE, Shabelnikov SV, Tolkunova EN, Barlev NA, Mittenberg AG. p53 Affects Zeb1 Interactome of Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9806. [PMID: 37372954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 is a critical tumor suppressor that protects the integrity of genome and prevents cells from malignant transformation, including metastases. One of the driving forces behind the onset of metastases is the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Zeb1 is one of the key transcription factors that govern EMT (TF-EMT). Therefore, the interaction and mutual influence of p53 and Zeb1 plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. Another important feature of tumors is their heterogeneity mediated by the presence of so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs). To this end, we have developed a novel fluorescent reporter-based approach to enrich the population of CSCs in MCF7 cells with inducible expression of Zeb1. Using these engineered cell lines, we studied the effect of p53 on Zeb1 interactomes isolated from both CSCs and regular cancer cells. By employing co-immunoprecipitations followed by mass spectrometry, we found that the composition of Zeb1 interactome was affected not only by the p53 status but also by the level of Oct4/Sox2 expression, indicating that stemness likely affects the specificity of Zeb1 interactions. This study, together with other proteomic studies of TF-EMT interactomes, provides a framework for future molecular analyses of biological functions of Zeb1 at all stages of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey E Parfenyev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Sergey V Shabelnikov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Elena N Tolkunova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 20000, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexey G Mittenberg
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
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11
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Yang J, Teng Y. Harnessing cancer stem cell-derived exosomes to improve cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:131. [PMID: 37217932 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the key "seeds" for tumor initiation and development, metastasis, and recurrence. Because of the function of CSCs in tumor development and progression, research in this field has intensified and CSCs are viewed as a new therapeutic target. Exosomes carrying a wide range of DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, and cytosolic and cell-surface proteins are released outside of the originating cells through the fusion of multivesicular endosomes or multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. It has become evident that CSC-derived exosomes play a significant role in almost all "hallmarks" of cancer. For example, exosomes from CSCs can maintain a steady state of self-renewal in the tumor microenvironment and regulate microenvironmental cells or distant cells to help cancer cells escape immune surveillance and induce immune tolerance. However, the function and therapeutic value of CSC-derived exosomes and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely undefined. To provide an overview of the possible role of CSC-derived exosomes and targeting strategies, we summarize relevant research progress, highlight the potential impact of detecting or targeting CSC-derived exosomes on cancer treatment, and discuss opportunities and challenges based on our experience and insights in this research area. A more thorough understanding of the characteristics and function of CSC-derived exosomes may open new avenues to the development of new clinical diagnostic/prognostic tools and therapies to prevent tumor resistance and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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12
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Huang Y, Mo W, Ding X, Ding Y. Long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer stem cells. Med Oncol 2023; 40:177. [PMID: 37178429 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, is a heterogeneous disease with high rates of recurrence and metastasis that contribute to its high mortality rate. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small but significant subset of heterogeneous breast cancer cells that possess stem cell characteristics such as self-renewal and differentiation abilities that may drive metastasis and recurrence. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides in length and do not possess protein-coding properties. An increasing number of studies have shown that some lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in BCSCs, and have great biological significance in the occurrence, progression, invasion, and metastasis of various cancers. However, the importance of lncRNAs, as well as the molecular mechanisms that regulate and promote the stemness of BCSCs, are still poorly understood. In the current review, we aim to summarize recent studies that highlight the role of lncRNAs in tumor occurrence and progression through BCSCs. In addition, the utility of lncRNAs as biomarkers of breast cancer progression, and their potential use as therapeutic targets for treatment of breast cancer, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenju Mo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowen Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuqin Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Karami Fath M, Garousi S, Mottahedi M, Ghasemzadeh N, Salmani K, Olfati F, Beit Saeed M, Sotoudeh S, Barati G. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in breast cancer stem cell specification. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154349. [PMID: 36791562 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumor is heterogeneous cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. Despite new efforts to reduce the breast cancer implications, the number of newly diagnosed cases is increasing worldwide. It is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the implication of cancers including breast cancer. Although CSCs compose a small population in tumor bulks, they play a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. These events are mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway which regulates the transcription of genes involved in CSC maintenance and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms by which hypoxia- or chemotherapy-induced HIFs promote breast CSC specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Garousi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Mottahedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Kiana Salmani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Olfati
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Miad Beit Saeed
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Abadan Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran
| | - Sina Sotoudeh
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
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14
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Gholami M, Klashami ZN, Ebrahimi P, Mahboobipour AA, Farid AS, Vahidi A, Zoughi M, Asadi M, Amoli MM. Metformin and long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:155. [PMID: 36849958 PMCID: PMC9969691 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer and cause of death in women. In recent years many studies investigated the association of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as novel genetic factors, on BC risk, survival, clinical and pathological features. Recent studies also investigated the roles of metformin treatment as the firstline treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) played in lncRNAs expression/regulation or BC incidence, outcome, mortality and survival, separately. This comprehensive study aimed to review lncRNAs associated with BC features and identify metformin-regulated lncRNAs and their mechanisms of action on BC or other types of cancers. Finally, metformin affects BC by regulating five BC-associated lncRNAs including GAS5, HOTAIR, MALAT1, and H19, by several molecular mechanisms have been described in this review. In addition, metformin action on other types of cancers by regulating ten lncRNAs including AC006160.1, Loc100506691, lncRNA-AF085935, SNHG7, HULC, UCA1, H19, MALAT1, AFAP1-AS1, AC026904.1 is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Gholami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Nickhah Klashami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pirooz Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
| | | | - Amir Salehi Farid
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Vahidi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Zoughi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Eid RA, Alaa Edeen M, Shedid EM, Kamal ASS, Warda MM, Mamdouh F, Khedr SA, Soltan MA, Jeon HW, Zaki MSA, Kim B. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as the Key Driver of Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021786. [PMID: 36675306 PMCID: PMC9861138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the key driver behind carcinogenesis, progression, and diversity has displaced the prior model of a tumor composed of cells with similar subsequently acquired mutations and an equivalent capacity for renewal, invasion, and metastasis. This significant change has shifted the research focus toward targeting CSCs to eradicate cancer. CSCs may be characterized using cell surface markers. They are defined by their capacity to self-renew and differentiate, resist conventional therapies, and generate new tumors following repeated transplantation in xenografted mice. CSCs' functional capabilities are governed by various intracellular and extracellular variables such as pluripotency-related transcription factors, internal signaling pathways, and external stimuli. Numerous natural compounds and synthetic chemicals have been investigated for their ability to disrupt these regulatory components and inhibit stemness and terminal differentiation in CSCs, hence achieving clinical implications. However, no cancer treatment focuses on the biological consequences of these drugs on CSCs, and their functions have been established. This article provides a biomedical discussion of cancer at the time along with an overview of CSCs and their origin, features, characterization, isolation techniques, signaling pathways, and novel targeted therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we highlighted the factors endorsed as controlling or helping to promote stemness in CSCs. Our objective was to encourage future studies on these prospective treatments to develop a framework for their application as single or combined therapeutics to eradicate various forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Alaa Edeen
- Cell Biology, Histology & Genetics Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.E.); (B.K.)
| | - Eslam M. Shedid
- Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Banha 13511, Egypt
| | - Al Shaimaa S. Kamal
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Banha 13511, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Warda
- Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Banha 13511, Egypt
| | - Farag Mamdouh
- Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Banha 13511, Egypt
| | - Sohila A. Khedr
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31733, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt
| | - Hee Won Jeon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 31527, Egypt
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.E.); (B.K.)
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16
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Sonawala K, Ramalingam S, Sellamuthu I. Influence of Long Non-Coding RNA in the Regulation of Cancer Stem Cell Signaling Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:3492. [PMID: 36359888 PMCID: PMC9656902 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as an immensely studied and experimental topic, however a wide range of questions concerning the topic still remain unanswered; in particular, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumor stem cells and their characteristics. Understanding the cancer stem-cell signaling pathways may pave the way towards a better comprehension of these mechanisms. Signaling pathways such as WNT, STAT, Hedgehog, NOTCH, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF-β, and NF-κB are responsible not only for modulating various features of CSCs but also their microenvironments. Recently, the prominent roles of various non-coding RNAs such as small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in developing and enhancing the tumor phenotypes have been unfolded. This review attempts to shed light on understanding the influence of long non- coding RNAs in the modulation of various CSC-signaling pathways and its impact on the CSCs and tumor properties; highlighting the protagonistic and antagonistic roles of lncRNAs.
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17
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DiNatale A, Castelli MS, Nash B, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Regulation of Tumor and Metastasis Initiation by Chemokine Receptors. J Cancer 2022; 13:3160-3176. [PMID: 36118530 PMCID: PMC9475358 DOI: 10.7150/jca.72331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a rare sub-population of cells within the bulk of a tumor that are major contributors to tumor initiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. TICs have a stem-cell-like phenotype that is dictated by the expression of master regulator transcription factors, including OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2. These transcription factors are expressed via activation of multiple signaling pathways that drive cancer initiation and progression. Importantly, these same signaling pathways can be activated by select chemokine receptors. Chemokine receptors are increasingly being revealed as major drivers of the TIC phenotype, as their signaling can lead to activation of stemness-controlling transcription factors. Additionally, the cell surface expression of chemokine receptors provides a unique therapeutic target to disrupt signaling pathways that control the expression of master regulator transcription factors and the TIC phenotype. This review summarizes the master regulator transcription factors known to dictate the TIC phenotype, along with the complex signaling pathways that can mediate their expression and the chemokine receptors that are most upstream of this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony DiNatale
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Present Address: Janssen Oncology, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Maria Sofia Castelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Present address: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bradley Nash
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Program in Immune Cell Regulation & Targeting, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Program in Translational and Cellular Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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18
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Advances in Biomarkers and Endogenous Regulation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192941. [PMID: 36230903 PMCID: PMC9562239 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers. Even if breast cancer patients initially respond to treatment, developed resistance can lead to a poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of undifferentiated cells with self-renewal and multipotent differentiation characteristics. Existing evidence has shown that CSCs are one of the determinants that contribute to the heterogeneity of primary tumors. The emergence of CSCs causes tumor recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Previous studies indicated that different stemness-associated surface markers can identify other breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) subpopulations. Deciphering the critical signaling networks that are involved in the induction and maintenance of stemness is essential to develop novel BCSC-targeting strategies. In this review, we reviewed the biomarkers of BCSCs, critical regulators of BCSCs, and the signaling networks that regulate the stemness of BCSCs.
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19
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Sun J, Zhao H, Xu W, Jiang GQ. Recent advances in photothermal therapy-based multifunctional nanoplatforms for breast cancer. Front Chem 2022; 10:1024177. [PMID: 36199665 PMCID: PMC9528973 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1024177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide; however, the successful treatment of BC, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), remains a significant clinical challenge. Recently, photothermal therapy (PTT), which involves the generation of heat under irradiation to achieve photothermal ablation of BC with minimal invasiveness and outstanding spatial–temporal selectivity, has been demonstrated as a novel therapy that can overcome the drawbacks of chemotherapy or surgery. Significantly, when combining PTT with chemotherapy and/or photodynamic therapy, an enhanced synergistic therapeutic effect can be achieved in both primary and metastatic BC tumors. Thus, this review discusses the recent developments in nanotechnology-based photothermal therapy for the treatment of BC and its metastasis to provide potential strategies for future BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Sun
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Jingjun Sun, ; Guo-Qin Jiang,
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixuan Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guo-Qin Jiang
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingjun Sun, ; Guo-Qin Jiang,
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20
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Samsami M. Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:282. [PMID: 36100906 PMCID: PMC9469619 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling cascade is one of the complex signaling pathways that control the accurately organized developmental processes in multicellular organisms. This pathway has fundamental roles in the tumor formation and induction of resistance to conventional therapies. Numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been found to interact with Shh pathway to induce several pathogenic processes, including malignant and non-malignant disorders. Many of the Shh-interacting ncRNAs are oncogenes whose expressions have been increased in diverse malignancies. A number of Shh-targeting miRNAs such as miR-26a, miR-1471, miR-129-5p, miR-361-3p, miR-26b-5p and miR-361-3p have been found to be down-regulated in tumor tissues. In addition to malignant conditions, Shh-interacting ncRNAs can affect tissue regeneration and development of neurodegenerative disorders. XIST, LOC101930370, lncRNA-Hh, circBCBM1, SNHG6, LINC‐PINT, TUG1 and LINC01426 are among long non-coding RNAs/circular RNAs that interact with Shh pathway. Moreover, miR-424, miR-26a, miR-1471, miR-125a, miR-210, miR-130a-5p, miR-199b, miR-155, let-7, miR-30c, miR-326, miR-26b-5p, miR-9, miR-132, miR-146a and miR-425-5p are among Shh-interacting miRNAs. The current review summarizes the interactions between ncRNAs and Shh in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region,, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Samsami
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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HajiEsmailPoor Z, Tabnak P, Ahmadzadeh B, Ebrahimi SS, Faal B, Mashatan N. Role of hedgehog signaling related non-coding RNAs in developmental and pathological conditions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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22
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Han X, Li B. The emerging role of noncoding RNAs in the Hedgehog signaling pathway in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113581. [PMID: 36037783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH), a conserved signaling pathway, is involved in embryo development, organogenesis, and other biological functions. Dysregulation and abnormal activation of HH are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. With the emergence of interest in noncoding RNAs, studies on their involvement in abnormal regulation of biological processes in tumors have been published one after another. In this review, we focus on the crosstalk between noncoding RNAs and the HH pathway in tumors and elaborate the mechanisms by which long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs regulate or are regulated by HH signaling in cancer. We also discuss the interaction between noncoding RNAs and the HH pathway from the perspective of cancer hallmarks, presenting this complex network as concisely as possible and organizing ideas for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China. libo--
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23
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Xu H, Zhang F, Gao X, Zhou Q, Zhu L. Fate decisions of breast cancer stem cells in cancer progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968306. [PMID: 36046046 PMCID: PMC9420991 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has a marked recurrence and metastatic trait and is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women’s health worldwide. Tumor initiation and progression begin after the cell goes from a quiescent to an activated state and requires different mechanisms to act in concert to regulate t a specific set of spectral genes for expression. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proven to initiate and drive tumorigenesis due to their capability of self-renew and differentiate. In addition, CSCs are believed to be capable of causing resistance to anti-tumor drugs, recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, exploring the origin, regulatory mechanisms and ultimate fate decision of CSCs in breast cancer outcomes has far-reaching clinical implications for the development of breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-targeted therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will highlight the contribution of BCSCs to breast cancer and explore the internal and external factors that regulate the fate of BCSCs.
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24
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Nadhan R, Isidoro C, Song YS, Dhanasekaran DN. Signaling by LncRNAs: Structure, Cellular Homeostasis, and Disease Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:2517. [PMID: 36010595 PMCID: PMC9406440 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular signaling network involves co-ordinated regulation of numerous signaling molecules that aid the maintenance of cellular as well as organismal homeostasis. Aberrant signaling plays a major role in the pathophysiology of many diseases. Recent studies have unraveled the superfamily of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as critical signaling nodes in diverse signaling networks. Defective signaling by lncRNAs is emerging as a causative factor underlying the pathophysiology of many diseases. LncRNAs have been shown to be involved in the multiplexed regulation of diverse pathways through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. They can serve as decoys, guides, scaffolds, and effector molecules to regulate cell signaling. In comparison with the other classes of RNAs, lncRNAs possess unique structural modifications that contribute to their diversity in modes of action within the nucleus and cytoplasm. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of lncRNAs as well as their vivid mechanisms of action. Further, we provide insights into the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of four major disease paradigms, namely cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancers, and the metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus. This review serves as a succinct treatise that could open windows to investigate the role of lncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Nadhan
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and NanoBioImaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Danny N. Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Regulation of the Cancer Stem Phenotype by Long Non-Coding RNAs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152352. [PMID: 35954194 PMCID: PMC9367355 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a cell population within malignant tumors that are characterized by the ability to self-renew, the presence of specific molecules that define their identity, the ability to form malignant tumors in vivo, resistance to drugs, and the ability to invade and migrate to other regions of the body. These characteristics are regulated by various molecules, such as lncRNAs, which are transcripts that generally do not code for proteins but regulate multiple biological processes through various mechanisms of action. LncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, H19, LncTCF7, LUCAT1, MALAT1, LINC00511, and FMR1-AS1, have been described as key regulators of stemness in cancer, allowing cancer cells to acquire this phenotype. It has been proposed that cancer stem cells are clinically responsible for the high recurrence rates after treatment and the high frequency of metastasis in malignant tumors, so understanding the mechanisms that regulate the stem phenotype could have an impact on the improvement of cancer treatments.
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LINC00707 Promotes Cell Proliferation in Cervical Cancer via the miR-374c-5p/SDC4 Axis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5793912. [PMID: 35937409 PMCID: PMC9352504 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5793912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the second main reason of cancer-related deaths in women around the world. Long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 707, which is known as LINC00707, has been elucidated to facilitate the progression of multifarious tumors, but how it may exert functions in CC has not been elucidated yet. By using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), we identified the expression pattern LINC00707 may possess in CC. Loss-of-function assays including Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays were taken to verify the effects of LINC00707 inhibition on CC cell proliferation and apoptosis. The downstream RNAs were selected through bioinformatics prediction, and their interaction with LINC00707 was verified through mechanism assays including the luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. According to results, LINC00707 was upregulated in CC cells, and LINC00707 insufficiency inhibited cell proliferation while facilitating cell apoptosis. MicroRNA (miRNA) miR-374c-5p interacted with LINC00707, and syndecan-4 (SDC4) was verified to be the downstream target gene. Data of rescue assays proved that LINC00707 could promote CC cell malignancy via the miR-374c-5p/SDC4 axis, which revealed a potential treatment option for CC.
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Hussen BM, Kheder RK, Abdullah ST, Hidayat HJ, Rahman HS, Salihi A, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Functional interplay between long non-coding RNAs and Breast CSCs. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:233. [PMID: 35864503 PMCID: PMC9306174 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) represents aggressive cancer affecting most women’s lives globally. Metastasis and recurrence are the two most common factors in a breast cancer patient's poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor cells that are able to self-renew and differentiate, which is a significant factor in metastasis and recurrence of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) describe a group of RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides and do not have the ability to code for proteins. Some of these lncRNAs can be mainly produced in various tissues and tumor forms. In the development and spread of malignancies, lncRNAs have a significant role in influencing multiple signaling pathways positively or negatively, making them promise useful diagnostic and prognostic markers in treating the disease and guiding clinical therapy. However, it is not well known how the interaction of lncRNAs with CSCs will affect cancer development and progression. Here, in this review, we attempt to summarize recent findings that focus on lncRNAs affect cancer stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in breast cancer development and progression, as well as the strategies and challenges for overcoming lncRNA's therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil , Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.,Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, KGR, Iraq
| | - Sara Tharwat Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Republic of Iraq.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, Republic of Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sargazi ML, Jafarinejad-Farsangi S, Moazzam-Jazi M, Rostamzadeh F, Karam ZM. The crosstalk between long non-coding RNAs and the hedgehog signaling pathway in cancer. Med Oncol 2022; 39:127. [PMID: 35716241 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) is a conserved signaling pathway that is involved in embryo development as well as adult tissue maintenance and repair in invertebrates and vertebrates. Abnormal activation of this pathway in various types of malignant drug- and apoptosis-resistant tumors has made it a therapeutic target against tumorigenesis. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that promote the activation or inhibition of this pathway is critical. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a subclass of non-coding RNAs with a length of > 200 nt, affect the expression of Hh signaling components via a variety of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. This review focuses on the crosstalk between lncRNAs and the Hh pathway in carcinogenesis, outlines the broad role of Hh-related lncRNAs in tumor progression, and illustrates their clinical diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Lotfian Sargazi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Jehad Blvd, Ebn Sina Avenue, 7619813159, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeideh Jafarinejad-Farsangi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 7619813159, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maryam Moazzam-Jazi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rostamzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 7619813159, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Miri Karam
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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29
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Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells Using Naturally Occurring Phytoestrogens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126813. [PMID: 35743256 PMCID: PMC9224163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer therapies have made significant strides in improving survival for patients over the past decades. However, recurrence and drug resistance continue to challenge long-term recurrence-free and overall survival rates. Mounting evidence supports the cancer stem cell model in which the existence of a small population of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) within the tumor enables these cells to evade conventional therapies and repopulate the tumor, giving rise to more aggressive, recurrent tumors. Thus, successful breast cancer therapy would need to target these BCSCs, as well the tumor bulk cells. Since the Women’s Health Initiative study reported an increased risk of breast cancer with the use of conventional hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women, many have turned their attention to phytoestrogens as a natural alternative. Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that share structural similarities with human estrogens and can bind to the estrogen receptors to alter the endocrine responses. Recent studies have found that phytoestrogens can also target BCSCs and have the potential to complement conventional therapy eradicating BCSCs. This review summarized the latest findings of different phytoestrogens and their effect on BCSCs, along with their mechanisms of action, including selective estrogen receptor binding and inhibition of molecular pathways used by BCSCs. The latest results of phytoestrogens in clinical trials are also discussed to further evaluate the use of phytoestrogen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
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30
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Song J, Ge Y, Sun X, Guan Q, Gong S, Wei M, Niu J, Zhao L. Noncoding RNAs related to the hedgehog pathway in cancer: clinical implications and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:115. [PMID: 35581586 PMCID: PMC9112456 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a type of malignant affliction threatening human health worldwide; however, the molecular mechanism of cancer pathogenesis remains to be elusive. The oncogenic hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a highly evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway in which the hedgehog-Patched complex is internalized to cellular lysosomes for degradation, resulting in the release of Smoothened inhibition and producing downstream intracellular signals. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with diversified regulatory functions have the potency of controlling cellular processes. Compelling evidence reveals that Hh pathway, ncRNAs, or their crosstalk play complicated roles in the initiation, metastasis, apoptosis and drug resistance of cancer, allowing ncRNAs related to the Hh pathway to serve as clinical biomarkers for targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we attempt to depict the multiple patterns of ncRNAs in the progression of malignant tumors via interactions with the Hh crucial elements in order to better understand the complex regulatory mechanism, and focus on Hh associated ncRNA therapeutics aimed at boosting their application in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiutong Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Shenyang Kangwei Medical Laboratory Analysis Co. LTD, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jumin Niu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, 110011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Zhu YS, Zhu J. Molecular and cellular functions of long non-coding RNAs in prostate and breast cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 106:91-179. [PMID: 35152976 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as noncoding RNA transcripts with a length greater than 200 nucleotides. Research over the last decade has made great strides in our understanding of lncRNAs, especially in the biology of their role in cancer. In this article, we will briefly discuss the biogenesis and characteristics of lncRNAs, then review their molecular and cellular functions in cancer by using prostate and breast cancer as examples. LncRNAs are abundant, diverse, and evolutionarily, less conserved than protein-coding genes. They are often expressed in a tumor and cell-specific manner. As a key epigenetic factor, lncRNAs can use a wide variety of molecular mechanisms to regulate gene expression at each step of the genetic information flow pathway. LncRNAs display widespread effects on cell behavior, tumor growth, and metastasis. They act intracellularly and extracellularly in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine fashion. Increased understanding of lncRNA's role in cancer has facilitated the development of novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, led to greater understanding of cancer prognosis, enabled better prediction of therapeutic responses, and promoted identification of potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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32
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Shahoumi LA. Oral Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic Implications and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:685236. [PMID: 35048028 PMCID: PMC8757826 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.685236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is currently one of the 10 most common malignancies worldwide, characterized by a biologically highly diverse group of tumors with non-specific biomarkers and poor prognosis. The incidence rate of HNSCC varies widely throughout the world, with an evident prevalence in developing countries such as those in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. Tumor relapse and metastasis following traditional treatment remain major clinical problems in oral cancer management. Current evidence suggests that therapeutic resistance and metastasis of cancer are mainly driven by a unique subpopulation of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), or cancer-initiating cells (CICs), which are characterized by their capacity for self-renewal, maintenance of stemness and increased tumorigenicity. Thus, more understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CSCs and their behavior may help in developing effective therapeutic interventions that inhibit tumor growth and progression. This review provides an overview of the main signaling cascades in CSCs that drive tumor repropagation and metastasis in oral cancer, with a focus on squamous cell carcinoma. Other oral non-SCC tumors, including melanoma and malignant salivary gland tumors, will also be considered. In addition, this review discusses some of the CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies that have been employed to combat disease progression, and the challenges of targeting CSCs, with the aim of improving the clinical outcomes for patients with oral malignancies. Targeting of CSCs in head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a promising approach to improve disease outcome. Some CSC-targeted therapies have already been proven to be successful in pre-clinical studies and they are now being tested in clinical trials, mainly in combination with conventional treatment regimens. However, some studies revealed that CSCs may not be the only players that control disease relapse and progression of HNC. Further, clinical research studying a combination of therapies targeted against head and neck CSCs may provide significant advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linah A Shahoumi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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33
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Jiang Y, Peng J, Song J, He J, Jiang M, Wang J, Ma L, Wang Y, Lin M, Wu H, Zhang Z, Gao D, Zhao Y. Loss of Hilnc prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis through binding of IGF2BP2. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1569-1584. [PMID: 34750570 PMCID: PMC9235319 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway plays a critical role in regulating liver lipid metabolism and related diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that the Hh signalling pathway induces a previously undefined long non-coding RNA (Hilnc, Hedgehog signalling-induced long non-coding RNA), which controls hepatic lipid metabolism. Mutation of the Gli-binding sites in the Hilnc promoter region (HilncBM/BM) decreases the expression of Hilnc in vitro and in vivo. HilncBM/BM and Hilnc-knockout mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis through attenuation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signalling pathway, as Hilnc directly interacts with IGF2BP2 to enhance Pparγ mRNA stability. Furthermore, we identify a potential functional human homologue of Hilnc, h-Hilnc, which has a similar function in regulating cellular lipid metabolism. These findings uncover a critical role of the Hh-Hilnc-IGF2BP2 signalling axis in lipid metabolism and suggest a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diet-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiao Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan He
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Moubin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dong Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shangha, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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Deng Y, Li J, Zhou M, Liang Z, Zhao L. c-Myc affects hedgehog pathway via KCNQ1OT1/RAC1: A new mechanism for regulating HSC proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:1458-1467. [PMID: 33451909 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to probe into the potential mechanism of KCNQ1OT1 in liver fibrosis. METHODS The pathological changes in liver tissues were observed by Masson and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The proliferation or cell cycle of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was analyzed by MTT or flow cytometry. The expressions of epithelial markers E-cadherin, interstitial markers Snail and Vimentin, and hedgehog signaling pathway-related molecules Hhip, Shh, and Gli2 were detected by Western blot. The interaction or binding of c-Myc with the KCNQ1OT1 promoter was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter gene or Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR, and the interaction between KCNQ1OT1 and RAC1 was assessed by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down. Moreover, the stability of RAC1 protein was detected by cycloheximide-chase and ubiquitination. RESULTS c-Myc and KCNQ1OT1 were up-regulated in liver fibrosis tissues and cells. After the interference with c-Myc in primary-1-Day HSCs, the down-regulated KCNQ1OT1 restrained HSC proliferation and EMT by down-regulating RAC1 expression and restraining the hedgehog pathway. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the interference with c-Myc down-regulated RAC1 expression and restrained the hedgehog pathway by down-regulating KCNQ1OT1, thus restraining HSC proliferation and EMT in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Menghao Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Liang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Longshuan Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Liu S, Sun Y, Hou Y, Yang L, Wan X, Qin Y, Liu Y, Wang R, Zhu P, Teng Y, Liu M. A novel lncRNA ROPM-mediated lipid metabolism governs breast cancer stem cell properties. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:178. [PMID: 34715882 PMCID: PMC8555326 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the major cause to tumor initiation, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, driving poor clinical outcomes in patients. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in cancer development and progression. However, limited lncRNAs involved in CSCs have been reported. Methods The novel lncROPM (a regulator of phospholipid metabolism) in breast CSCs (BCSCs) was identified by microarray and validated by qRT-PCR in BCSCs from breast cancer cells and tissues. The clinical significance of lncROPM was evaluated in two breast cancer cohorts and TANRIC database (TCGA-BRCA, RNAseq data). Gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed to examine the role of lncROPM on BCSCs both in vitro and in vivo. The regulatory mechanism of lncROPM was investigated by bioinformatics, RNA FISH, RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter assay, and actinomycin D treatment. PLA2G16-mediated phospholipid metabolism was determined by UHPLC-QTOFMS system. Cells’ chemosensitivity was assessed by CCK8 assay. Results LncROPM is highly expressed in BCSCs. The enhanced lncROPM exists in clinic breast tumors and other solid tumors and positively correlates with malignant grade/stage and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Gain- and loss-of-function studies show that lncROPM is required for the maintenance of BCSCs properties both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, lncROPM regulates PLA2G16 expression by directly binding to 3'-UTR of PLA2G16 to increase the mRNA stability. The increased PLA2G16 significantly promotes phospholipid metabolism and the production of free fatty acid, especially arachidonic acid in BCSCs, thereby activating PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hippo/YAP signaling, thus eventually involving in the maintenance of BCSCs stemness. Importantly, lncROPM and PLA2G16 notably contribute to BCSCs chemo-resistance. Administration of BCSCs using clinic therapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, or tamoxifen combined with Giripladib (an inhibitor of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2) can efficiently eliminate BCSCs and tumorigenesis. Conclusions Our study highlights that lncROPM and its target PLA2G16 play crucial roles in sustaining BCSC properties and may serve as a biomarker for BCSCs or other cancer stem cells. Targeting lncROPM-PLA2G16 signaling axis may be a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-021-01194-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Basic Medical School, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Experimental Teaching and Lab Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xueying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yilu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yongcan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Yu-zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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36
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Zhao S, Zhang X, Chen S, Zhang S. Long noncoding RNAs: fine-tuners hidden in the cancer signaling network. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:283. [PMID: 34635646 PMCID: PMC8505617 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of sequencing technology, a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in addition to coding genes. LncRNAs, originally considered as junk RNA, are dysregulated in various types of cancer. Although protein-coding signaling pathways underlie various biological activities, and abnormal signal transduction is a key trigger and indicator for tumorigenesis and cancer progression, lncRNAs are sparking keen interest due to their versatile roles in fine-tuning signaling pathways. We are just beginning to scratch the surface of lncRNAs. Therefore, despite the fact that lncRNAs drive malignant phenotypes from multiple perspectives, in this review, we focus on important signaling pathways modulated by lncRNAs in cancer to demonstrate an up-to-date understanding of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Reproductive Medicine Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, 110022 Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Xue Zhang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Epigenetics, China Medical University, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Shuo Chen
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510150 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Song Zhang
- grid.412636.4Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning China
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37
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Huang B, Yan X, Li Y. Cancer Stem Cell for Tumor Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194814. [PMID: 34638298 PMCID: PMC8508418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although many methods have been applied in clinical treatment for tumors, they still always show a poor prognosis. Molecule targeted therapy has revolutionized tumor therapy, and a proper target must be found urgently. With a crucial role in tumor development, metastasis and recurrence, cancer stem cells have been found to be a feasible and potential target for tumor therapy. We list the unique biological characteristics of cancer stem cells and summarize the recent strategies to target cancer stem cells for tumor therapy, through which we hope to provide a comprehensive understanding of cancer stem cells and find a better combinational strategy to target cancer stem cells for tumor therapy. Abstract Tumors pose a significant threat to human health. Although many methods, such as operations, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have been proposed to eliminate tumor cells, the results are unsatisfactory. Targeting therapy has shown potential due to its specificity and efficiency. Meanwhile, it has been revealed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in the genesis, development, metastasis and recurrence of tumors. Thus, it is feasible to inhibit tumors and improve prognosis via targeting CSCs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the biological characteristics of CSCs, including mitotic pattern, metabolic phenotype, therapeutic resistance and related mechanisms. Finally, we summarize CSCs targeted strategies, including targeting CSCs surface markers, targeting CSCs related signal pathways, targeting CSC niches, targeting CSC metabolic pathways, inducing differentiation therapy and immunotherapy (tumor vaccine, CAR-T, oncolytic virus, targeting CSCs–immune cell crosstalk and immunity checkpoint inhibitor). We highlight the potential of immunity therapy and its combinational anti-CSC therapies, which are composed of different drugs working in different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (B.H.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (B.H.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (B.H.); (X.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-9361-5421
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Jin H, Du W, Huang W, Yan J, Tang Q, Chen Y, Zou Z. lncRNA and breast cancer: Progress from identifying mechanisms to challenges and opportunities of clinical treatment. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:613-637. [PMID: 34589282 PMCID: PMC8463317 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that has a high mortality rate and mostly occurs in women. Although significant progress has been made in the implementation of personalized treatment strategies for molecular subtypes in breast cancer, the therapeutic response is often not satisfactory. Studies have reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in breast cancer and closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In addition, the high tissue and cell-type specificity makes lncRNAs particularly attractive as diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic factors, and specific therapeutic targets. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in breast cancer is essential for developing new treatment strategies. In this review, we systematically elucidate the general characteristics, potential mechanisms, and targeted therapy of lncRNAs and discuss the emerging functions of lncRNAs in breast cancer. Additionally, we also highlight the advantages and challenges of using lncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets for drug resistance in breast cancer and present future perspectives in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jin
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiajing Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qing Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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39
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Wu HJ, Chu PY. Epigenetic Regulation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Contributing to Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158113. [PMID: 34360879 PMCID: PMC8348144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer has remained the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous and phenotypically diverse group of diseases, which require different selection of treatments. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, play essential roles in breast cancer progression, recurrence, metastasis, chemoresistance and treatments. Epigenetics is defined as inheritable changes in gene expression without alteration in DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation includes DNA methylation and demethylation, as well as histone modifications. Aberrant epigenetic regulation results in carcinogenesis. In this review, the mechanism of epigenetic regulation involved in carcinogenesis, therapeutic resistance and metastasis of BCSCs will be discussed, and finally, the therapies targeting these biomarkers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ju Wu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Town, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975611855; Fax: +886-47227116
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Manupati K, Yeeravalli R, Kaushik K, Singh D, Mehra B, Gangane N, Gupta A, Goswami K, Das A. Activation of CD44-Lipoprotein lipase axis in breast cancer stem cells promotes tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166228. [PMID: 34311079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are distinct CD44+-subpopulations that are involved in metastasis and chemoresistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of CD44 in breast CSCs-mediated tumorigenesis remains elusive. We observed high CD44 expression in advanced-stage clinical breast tumor samples. CD44 activation in breast CSCs sorted from various triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines induced proliferation, migration, invasion, mammosphere formation that were reversed in presence of inhibitor, 4-methyl umbelliferone or CD44 silencing. CD44 activation in breast CSCs induced Src, Akt, and nuclear translocation of pSTAT3. PCR arrays revealed differential expression of a metabolic gene, Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and transcription factor, SNAI3. Differential transcriptional regulation of LPL by pSTAT3 and SNAI3 was confirmed by promoter-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Orthotopic xenograft murine breast tumor model revealed high tumorigenicity of CD24-/CD44+-breast CSCs as compared with CD24+-breast cancer cells. Furthermore, stable breast CSCs-CD44 shRNA and/or intratumoral administration of Tetrahydrolipstatin (LPL inhibitor) abrogated tumor progression and neoangiogenesis. Thus, LPL serves as a potential target for an efficacious therapeutics against aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanakaraju Manupati
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, TS 500 007, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201 002, India
| | - Ragini Yeeravalli
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, TS 500 007, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201 002, India
| | - Komal Kaushik
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, TS 500 007, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201 002, India
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, TS 500 007, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201 002, India
| | - Bhupendra Mehra
- Department of Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 102, India
| | - Nitin Gangane
- Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 102, India
| | - Anupama Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 102, India
| | - Kalyan Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 102, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, TS 500 007, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201 002, India.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Hajiesmaeili M, Shoorei H, Bahroudi Z, Taheri M, Sharifi G. The Impact of lncRNAs and miRNAs in Regulation of Function of Cancer Stem Cells and Progression of Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696820. [PMID: 34368145 PMCID: PMC8339916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have two important features, namely the ability for self-renewal and the capacity to differentiate into some cell kinds with specialized functions. These two features are also present in cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells have been detected in almost all kinds of cancers facilitating their tumorigenicity. Molecular cascades that control self-renewal of stem cells, namely the Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways have been suggested to influence CSCs functions as well. Moreover, non-coding RNAs can regulate function of CSCs. Function of miRNAs in the regulation of CSCs has been mostly assessed in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. miR-130a-3p, miR-600, miR-590-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-221, miR-222, miR-638, miR-375, miR-31, and miR-210 are among those regulating this feature in breast cancer. Moreover, miR-206, miR-192-5p, miR-500a-3p, miR-125, miR-125b, miR-613, miR-217, miR-194, and miR-494 regulate function of CSCs in hepatocellular carcinoma. DILC, lncTCF7, MUF, HAND2-AS1, MALAT1, DLX6-AS1, HOTAIR, and XIST are among lncRNAs that regulate function of CSCs. In the present paper, we explain the effects of these two classes of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of activity of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahroudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Guive Sharifi
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen J, Wan R, Li Q, Rao Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Teichmann AT. Utilizing the Hippo pathway as a therapeutic target for combating endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:306. [PMID: 34112175 PMCID: PMC8194146 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is always a great obstacle in any endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Although the combination of endocrine therapy and targeted therapy has been shown to significantly improve prognosis, refractory endocrine resistance is still common. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is often related to the occurrence and the development of many tumors. Targeted therapies of this pathway have played important roles in the study of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeting the Hippo pathway in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies has been shown to significantly improve specific antitumor effects and reduce cancer antidrug resistance. Further exploration has shown that the Hippo pathway is closely related to endocrine resistance, and it plays a "co-correlation point" role in numerous pathways involving endocrine resistance, including related pathways in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Agents and miRNAs targeting the components of the Hippo pathway are expected to significantly enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to endocrine therapy. This review initially explains the possible mechanism of the Hippo pathway in combating endocrine resistance, and it concludes by recommending endocrine therapy in combination with therapies targeting the Hippo pathway in the study of endocrine-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhenghuan Rao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Alexander Tobias Teichmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China. .,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Qiao Y, Jin T, Guan S, Cheng S, Wen S, Zeng H, Zhao M, Yang L, Wan X, Qiu Y, Li Q, Liu M, Hou Y. Long non-coding RNA Lnc-408 promotes invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cell by regulating LIMK1. Oncogene 2021; 40:4198-4213. [PMID: 34079084 PMCID: PMC8211561 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the leading causes of death in patients with breast cancer (BC), and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) plays an essential role in this process. Here, we found that Lnc-408, a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), is significantly upregulated in BC cells undergoing EMT and in BC tumor with lymphatic metastases compared with those without lymphatic metastases. Lnc-408 can enhance BC invasion and metastasis by regulating the expression of LIMK1. Mechanistically, Lnc-408 serves as a sponge for miR-654-5p to relieve the suppression of miR-654-5p on its target LIMK1. Knockdown or knockout of Lnc-408 in invasive BC cells clearly decreased LIMK1 levels, and ectopic Lnc-408 in MCF-7 cells increased LIMK1 expression to promote cell invasion. Lnc-408-mediated enhancement of LIMK1 plays a key role in cytoskeletal stability and promotes invadopodium formation in BC cells via p-cofilin/F-actin. In addition, the increased LIMK1 also facilitates the expression of MMP2, ITGB1, and COL1A1 by phosphorylating CREB. In conclusion, our findings reveal that Lnc-408 promotes BC invasion and metastasis via the Lnc-408/miR-654-5p/LIMK1 axis, highlighting a novel promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengdong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaojie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maojia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Experimental Teaching & Lab Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Xu F, Wang H, Tian J, Xu H. Down-Regulation of ID2-AS1 Alleviates the Neuronal Injury Induced by 1-Methy1-4-Phenylpyridinium in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y Cells Through Regulating miR-199a-5p/IFNAR1/JAK2/STAT1 Axis. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2192-2203. [PMID: 34050453 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to illustrate the roles and molecular mechanisms of ID2-AS1 in parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: qRT-PCR detected the expression of ID2-AS1. CCK-8, LDH release assays the effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on PD cells. Flow cytometry and Western Blot were used to detect the effect of ID2-AS1 inhibition on PD cell apoptosis. ELISA analysis showed that ID2-AS1 inhibition can reduce the inflammation of PD cells. ROS activity assay showed that inhibiting ID2-AS1 attenuated the oxidative stress induced by 1-methy1-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay showed that ID2-AS1 is mainly located in the cytoplasm. The luciferase reporter assay is used to verify the interaction. In our study, ID2-AS1 was concentration-dependently and time-dependently up-regulated in MPP+ -treated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. ID2-AS1 knockdown enhanced cell proliferation and decreased cell death in PD cells. Knockdown of ID2-AS1 attenuates MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. ID2-AS1 is a sponge of miR-199a-5p. IFNAR1 is a target of miR-199a-5p. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p and overexpression of IFNAR1 alleviate the inhibitory effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on MPP+ triggered neuronal injury. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p and overexpression of IFNAR1 alleviate the inhibitory effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on MPP+ -triggered JAK2/STAT1 activation. Overall, down-regulation of ID2-AS1 alleviated the neuronal injury in PD through regulating miR-199a-5p/IFNAR1/JAK2/STAT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Tian
- Department of Functional Inspection, Qingdao 8th People's Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 473 Han Zheng street Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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45
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A novel Lnc408 maintains breast cancer stem cell stemness by recruiting SP3 to suppress CBY1 transcription and increasing nuclear β-catenin levels. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:437. [PMID: 33934099 PMCID: PMC8088435 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor initiation, development, and relapse may be closely associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). The complicated mechanisms underlying the maintenance of CSCs are keeping in illustration. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), due to their multifunction in various biological processes, have been indicated to play a crucial role in CSC renewal and stemness maintenance. Using lncRNA array, we identified a novel lncRNA (named lnc408) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related breast CSCs (BCSCs). The lnc408 is high expressed in BCSCs in vitro and in vivo. The enhanced lnc408 is critical to BCSC characteristics and tumorigenesis. Lnc408 can recruit transcript factor SP3 to CBY1 promoter to serve as an inhibitor in CBY1 transcription in BCSCs. The high expressed CBY1 in non-BCSC interacts with 14-3-3 and β-catenin to form a ternary complex, which leads a translocation of the ternary complex into cytoplasm from nucleus and degradation of β-catenin in phosphorylation-dependent pattern. The lnc408-mediated decrease of CBY1 in BCSCs impairs the formation of 14-3-3/β-catenin/CBY1 complex, and keeps β-catenin in nucleus to promote CSC-associated CD44, SOX2, Nanog, Klf4, and c-Myc expressions and contributes to mammosphere formation; however, restoration of CBY1 expression in tumor cells reduces BCSC and its enrichment, thus lnc408 plays an essential role in maintenance of BCSC stemness. In shortly, these findings highlight that the novel lnc408 functions as an oncogenic factor by recruiting SP3 to inhibit CBY1 expression and β-catenin accumulation in nucleus to maintain stemness properties of BCSCs. Lnc408-CBY1-β-catenin signaling axis might serve as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Zhang R, Tu J, Liu S. Novel molecular regulators of breast cancer stem cell plasticity and heterogeneity. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 82:11-25. [PMID: 33737107 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumors consist of heterogeneous cell populations, and tumor heterogeneity plays key roles in regulating tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. More and more studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) promote tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance as well as are the major source for heterogeneity of cancer cells. CD24-CD44+ and ALDH+ are the most common markers for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Previous studies showed that different BCSC markers label different BCSC populations, indicating the heterogeneity of BCSCs. Therefore, defining the regulation mechanisms of heterogeneous BCSCs is essential for precisely targeting BCSCs and treating breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the novel regulators existed in BCSCs and their niches for BCSC heterogeneity which has been discovered in recent years, and discussed their regulation mechanisms and the latest corresponding cancer treatments, which will extend our understanding on BCSC heterogeneity and plasticity, and provide better prognosis prediction and more efficient novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juchuanli Tu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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LncRNAs and microRNAs as Essential Regulators of Stemness in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030380. [PMID: 33802575 PMCID: PMC7998729 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an aggressive disease with a high incidence in women worldwide. Two decades ago, a controversial hypothesis was proposed that cancer arises from a subpopulation of “tumor initiating cells” or “cancer stem cells-like” (CSC). Today, CSC are defined as small subset of somatic cancer cells within a tumor with self-renewal properties driven by the aberrant expression of genes involved in the maintenance of a stemness-like phenotype. The understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of CSC subpopulation are fundamental in the development and persistence of breast cancer. Nowadays, the hypothesis suggests that genetic and epigenetic alterations give rise to breast cancer stem cells (bCSC), which are responsible for self-renewal, tumor growth, chemoresistance, poor prognosis and low survival in patients. However, the prominence of bCSC, as well as the molecular mechanisms that regulates and promotes the malignant phenotypes, are still poorly understood. The role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes has been recently highlighted by a plethora of studies in breast cancer. These ncRNAs positively or negatively impact on different signaling pathways that govern the cancer hallmarks associated with bCSC, making them attractive targets for therapy. In this review, we present a current summary of the studies on the pivotal roles of lncRNAs and microRNAs in the regulation of genes associated to stemness of bCSC.
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Ghasemi S, Xu S, Nabavi SM, Amirkhani MA, Sureda A, Tejada S, Lorigooini Z. Epigenetic targeting of cancer stem cells by polyphenols (cancer stem cells targeting). Phytother Res 2021; 35:3649-3664. [PMID: 33619811 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are one of the main factors that disrupt the expression of genes and consequently, they have an important role in the carcinogenicity and the progression of different cancers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are accountable for the recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic failure of cancer. The noticeable and specific pathways in CSCs can be organized by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, regulatory RNAs, among others. Since epigenetics modifications can be changed and reversed, it is a possible tool for cancer control and treatment. Epigenetic therapies against CSCs are emerging as a very new strategy with a good future expectation to treat cancer patients. Phenolic compounds are a vast group of substances with anticarcinogenic functions, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative activities. It seems these characteristics are related to neutralizing CSCs development, their microenvironment, and metabolism through epigenetic mechanisms. In the current work, the types of epigenetic changes known in these cells are introduced. In addition, some studies about the use of polyphenols acting through a variety of epigenetic mechanisms to counteract these cells will be reviewed. The reported results seem to indicate that the use of these phenolic compounds may be useful for CSCs defeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Amirkhani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of neurophysiology. Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Zheng Q, Zhang Q, Yu X, He Y, Guo W. FENDRR: A pivotal, cancer-related, long non-coding RNA. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111390. [PMID: 33761608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have more than 200 nucleotides and do not encode proteins. Based on numerous studies, lncRNAs have emerged as new and crucial regulators of biological function and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, especially cancers. Specific lncRNAs have been identified as novel molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment efficacy. Fetal-lethal non-coding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR, also known as FOXF1-AS1) is a novel lncRNA that is located at chr3q13.31 and has four exons and 3099 nucleotides, and its genomic site is located at chr3q13.31. FENDRR is abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers and is significantly associated with different clinical characteristics. In addition, FENDRR has shown potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of FENDRR and its mechanistic role in cancer progression. We also discuss recent insights into the clinical significance of FENDRR for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qiyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Bahroudi Z, Shoorei H, Abbas Raza SH, Taheri M. The interplay between non-coding RNAs and Twist1 signaling contribute to human disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111220. [PMID: 33433357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) being coded by the TWIST1 gene. This TF has a fundamental effect on the normal development and in the pathogenesis of various diseases especially cancer. Twist1 has interactions with some long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs. The interactions between this TF and various miRNAs such as miR-16, miR-26b-5p, miR-1271, miR-539, miR-214, miR-200b/c, miR-335, miR-10b, and miR-381 are implicated in the carcinogenic processes. TP73-AS1, LINC01638, ATB, NONHSAT101069, CASC15, H19, PVT1, LINC00339, LINC01385, TANAR, SNHG5, DANCR, CHRF, and TUG1 are among long non-coding RNAs which interact with Twist1 and participate in the carcinogenesis. This review aims at depicting the interaction between these non-coding transcripts and Twist1 and the consequence of these interactions in human neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahroudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biranjd University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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