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Huang KCY, Chen WTL, Chen JY, Lee CY, Wu CH, Lai CY, Yang PC, Liang JA, Shiau AC, Chao KSC, Ke TW. Neoantigen-augmented iPSC cancer vaccine combined with radiotherapy promotes antitumor immunity in poorly immunogenic cancers. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:95. [PMID: 38821980 PMCID: PMC11143272 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Although irradiated induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a prophylactic cancer vaccine elicit an antitumor immune response, the therapeutic efficacy of iPSC-based cancer vaccines is not promising due to their insufficient antigenicity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we found that neoantigen-engineered iPSC cancer vaccines can trigger neoantigen-specific T cell responses to eradicate cancer cells and increase the therapeutic efficacy of RT in poorly immunogenic colorectal cancer (CRC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We generated neoantigen-augmented iPSCs (NA-iPSCs) by engineering AAV2 vector carrying murine neoantigens and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy in combination with radiotherapy. After administration of NA-iPSC cancer vaccine and radiotherapy, we found that ~60% of tumor-bearing mice achieved a complete response in microsatellite-stable CRC model. Furthermore, splenocytes from mice treated with NA-iPSC plus RT produced high levels of IFNγ secretion in response to neoantigens and had a greater cytotoxicity to cancer cells, suggesting that the NA-iPSC vaccine combined with radiotherapy elicited a superior neoantigen-specific T-cell response to eradicate cancer cells. The superior therapeutic efficacy of NA-iPSCs engineered by mouse TNBC neoantigens was also observed in the syngeneic immunocompetent TNBC mouse model. We found that the risk of spontaneous lung and liver metastasis was dramatically decreased by NA-iPSCs plus RT in the TNBC animal model. Altogether, these results indicated that autologous iPSC cancer vaccines engineered by neoantigens can elicit a high neoantigen-specific T-cell response, promote tumor regression, and reduce the risk of distant metastasis in combination with local radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
- Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC.
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, China Medical University, HsinChu, 302, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Yueh Lee
- Innovation Frontier Institute of Research for Science and Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hsin Wu
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ying Lai
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chen Yang
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ji-An Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC
| | - An-Cheng Shiau
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
| | - K S Clifford Chao
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tao-Wei Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC.
- School of Chinese Medicine and Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
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Sheikhlary S, Lopez DH, Moghimi S, Sun B. Recent Findings on Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: An Updated Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:503. [PMID: 38672519 PMCID: PMC11048403 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the global leading causes of death and various vaccines have been developed over the years against it, including cell-based, nucleic acid-based, and viral-based cancer vaccines. Although many vaccines have been effective in in vivo and clinical studies and some have been FDA-approved, there are major limitations to overcome: (1) developing one universal vaccine for a specific cancer is difficult, as tumors with different antigens are different for different individuals, (2) the tumor antigens may be similar to the body's own antigens, and (3) there is the possibility of cancer recurrence. Therefore, developing personalized cancer vaccines with the ability to distinguish between the tumor and the body's antigens is indispensable. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of cancer vaccines and highlights important factors necessary for developing efficient cancer vaccines. Moreover, the application of other technologies in cancer therapy is discussed. Finally, several insights and conclusions are presented, such as the possibility of using cold plasma and cancer stem cells in developing future cancer vaccines, to tackle the major limitations in the cancer vaccine developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheikhlary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David Humberto Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Sophia Moghimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
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Li W, Zhou M, Wang L, Huang L, Chen X, Sun X, Liu T. Evaluation of the safety and efficiency of cytotoxic T cell therapy sensitized by tumor antigens original from T-ALL-iPSC in vivo. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e95. [PMID: 38948536 PMCID: PMC11212296 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Since RNA sequencing has shown that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) share a common antigen profile with tumor cells, cancer vaccines that focus on iPSCs have made promising progress in recent years. Previously, we showed that iPSCs derived from leukemic cells of patients with primary T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have a gene expression profile similar to that of T-ALL cell lines. Methods Mice with T-ALL were treated with dendritic and T (DC-T) cells loaded with intact and complete antigens from T-ALL-derived iPSCs (T-ALL-iPSCs). We evaluated the safety and antitumor efficiency of autologous tumor-derived iPSC antigens by flow cytometry, cytokine release assay, acute toxicity experiments, long-term toxicity experiments, and other methods. Results Our results indicate that complete tumor antigens from T-ALL-iPSCs could inhibit the growth of inoculated tumors in immunocompromised mice without causing acute and long-term toxicity. Conclusion T-ALL-iPSC-based treatment is safe and can be used as a potential strategy for leukemia immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Li
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Cell Quality Testing Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Cell Quality Testing Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Cell Quality Testing Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Cell Quality Testing Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Cell Quality Testing Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenGuangdongChina
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Yu F, Zhang Z, Chang X, Ye X, Cheng H, Li Y, Cui H. Immunization with Embryonic Stem Cells/Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Induces Effective Immunity against Ovarian Tumor-Initiating Cells in Mice. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:8188324. [PMID: 38058983 PMCID: PMC10696476 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8188324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) express pluripotent markers and share many features with normal pluripotent stem cells. It is possible that immunity induced by embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells- (IPSCs-) based vaccines may selectively target CSCs. In our study, cells expressing the pluripotent marker CD133 in the murine ovarian cancer cell-line ID8 were isolated and identified as CSCs. We investigated the preventive efficacy of ESCs and IPSCs-based vaccines against the development of ovarian cancer in vivo and evaluated the humoral and cellular immunities targeting CSCs in vitro. Our study showed that preimmunization with both mouse-derived embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells (mIPSCs) lysates, combined with an immunostimulatory adjuvant CpG, elicited strong humoral and cellular responses. These responses effectively suppressed the development of CSC-derived tumors. Immune sera collected from mESCs and mIPSCs-vaccinated mice contained antibodies that were capable of selectively targeting CSCs, resulting in the lysis of CSCs in the presence of complement. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes generated from splenocytes of mESCs and mIPSCs-vaccinated hosts could secrete interferon- (IFN-) γ in response to CSCs and kill CSCs in vitro. These findings indicate that vaccines based on mESCs and mIPSCs can elicit effective antitumor immunities. These immunities are related to the conferring of humoral and cellular responses that directly target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsheng Yu
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zujuan Zhang
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaohong Chang
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xue Ye
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi Li
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Heng Cui
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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5
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He R, Weng Z, Liu Y, Li B, Wang W, Meng W, Li B, Li L. Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Malignant Solid Tumors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2557-2575. [PMID: 37755647 PMCID: PMC10661832 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has significantly progressed in studying malignant solid tumors. This technically feasible reprogramming techniques can reawaken sequestered dormant regions that regulate the fate of differentiated cells. Despite the evolving therapeutic modalities for malignant solid tumors, treatment outcomes have not been satisfactory. Recently, scientists attempted to apply induced pluripotent stem cell technology to cancer research, from modeling to treatment. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from somatic cells, cancer cell lines, primary tumors, and individuals with an inherited propensity to develop cancer have shown great potential in cancer modeling, cell therapy, immunotherapy, and understanding tumor progression. This review summarizes the evolution of induced pluripotent stem cells technology and its applications in malignant solid tumor. Additionally, we discuss potential obstacles to induced pluripotent stem cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijie Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanrong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Jin M, Hu J, Tong L, Zhang B, Huang J. The Epitope Basis of Embryonic Stem Cell-Induced Antitumor Immunity against Bladder Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202691. [PMID: 36510117 PMCID: PMC11468705 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) share many cellular and molecular features with cancer cells. Taking advantage of these similarities, stem cells are effective vaccines against cancers in animal models. However, the molecular basis is not well understood, which hinders the development of effective cancer vaccines. Here, prophylactic and therapeutic bladder cancer vaccines composed of allogeneic ESCs and CpG with or without granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor are tested. The ESC-based cancer vaccines are able to induce specific antitumor immunity including stimulating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and memory CD4+ T cells, reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and preventing bladder cancer growth in mouse models. Furthermore, several genes that are overexpressed in both ESCs and tumors are identified. An epitope-based vaccine designed with shared overexpressed proteins induces specific antitumor immunity and reduces bladder cancer growth. Functional epitopes underlying the action of stem cell-based vaccines against bladder cancer are identified and it is confirmed that ESC-based anticancer vaccines have great potential. A systematic approach is provided here to developing novel effective epitope-based cancer vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering BiologyShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Jingchu Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering BiologyShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
| | - Lili Tong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering BiologyShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Bao‐Zhong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering BiologyShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Jian‐Dong Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering BiologyShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Clinical OncologyShenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized TherapyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518053China
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
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Lanier OL, Pérez-Herrero E, Andrea APD, Bahrami K, Lee E, Ward DM, Ayala-Suárez N, Rodríguez-Méndez SM, Peppas NA. Immunotherapy approaches for hematological cancers. iScience 2022; 25:105326. [PMID: 36325064 PMCID: PMC9619355 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma have traditionally been treated with chemo and radiotherapy approaches. Introduction of immunotherapies for treatment of these diseases has led to patient remissions that would not have been possible with traditional approaches. In this critical review we identify main disease characteristics, symptoms, and current treatment options. Five common immunotherapies, namely checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, cell-based therapies, antibodies, and oncolytic viruses, are described, and their applications in hematological cancers are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L. Lanier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Edgar Pérez-Herrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Abielle P. D.’ Andrea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kiana Bahrami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Elaine Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Deidra M. Ward
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nilaya Ayala-Suárez
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sheyla M. Rodríguez-Méndez
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Al-Hujaily EM, Al-Sowayan BS, Alyousef Z, Uddin S, Alammari F. Recruiting Immunity for the Fight against Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213696. [PMID: 36430176 PMCID: PMC9697544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have changed the landscape of cancer management and improved the standard treatment protocols used in multiple tumors. This has led to significant improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival rates. In this review article, we provide an insight into the major immunotherapeutic methods that are currently under investigation for colorectal cancer (CRC) and their clinical implementations. We emphasize therapies that are based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and adoptive cell therapy, their mechanisms of action, their advantages, and their potential in combination therapy. We also highlight the clinical trials that have demonstrated both the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicities associated with each method. In addition, we summarize emerging targets that are now being evaluated as potential interventions for CRC. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future direction for the cancer immunotherapy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensaf M. Al-Hujaily
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batla S. Al-Sowayan
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Alyousef
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Farah Alammari
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Bolouri MR, Ghods R, Zarnani K, Vafaei S, Falak R, Zarnani AH. Human amniotic epithelial cells exert anti-cancer effects through secretion of immunomodulatory small extracellular vesicles (sEV). Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:329. [PMID: 36307848 PMCID: PMC9616706 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified here mechanism by which hAECs exert their anti-cancer effects. We showed that vaccination with live hAEC conferred effective protection against murine colon cancer and melanoma but not against breast cancer in an orthotopic cancer cell inoculation model. hAEC induced strong cross-reactive antibody response to CT26 cells, but not against B16F10 and 4T1 cells. Neither heterotopic injection of tumor cells in AEC-vaccinated mice nor vaccination with hAEC lysate conferred protection against melanoma or colon cancer. Nano-sized AEC-derived small-extracellular vesicles (sEV) (AD-sEV) induced apoptosis in CT26 cells and inhibited their proliferation. Co-administration of AD-sEV with tumor cells substantially inhibited tumor development and increased CTL responses in vaccinated mice. AD-sEV triggered the Warburg’s effect leading to Arginine consumption and cancer cell apoptosis. Our results clearly showed that it is AD-sEV but not the cross-reactive immune responses against tumor cells that mediate inhibitory effects of hAEC on cancer development. Our results highlight the potential anti-cancer effects of extracellular vesicles derived from hAEC. Anti-cancer effects of hAEC depend on cancer type. Cross-reactive humoral responses do not mediate anti-cancer effects of hAEC. Anti-cancer effects of hAECs are mainly mediated by small-extracellular vesicles (sEV). hAEC-derived sEV (AD-sEV) trigger the Warburg’s effect leading to Arginine consumption and cancer cell apoptosis. AD-sEV substantially inhibits tumor development and increases survival and CTL responses.
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Li Z, Chen X, Liu L, Zhou M, Zhou G, Liu T. Development of the T-ALLiPSC-based therapeutic cancer vaccines for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:200. [PMID: 36173527 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a kind of hematological malignancy in children. Despite the significant improvement in the cure rate of T-ALL upon treatment with chemotherapy regimens, steroids, and allotransplantation there are relapses. This study focuses on the tumor-specific therapeutic vaccines derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to address the issue of T-ALL recurrence. Patient-derived tumor cells and healthy donor cells were reprogrammed into the iPSCs and the RNA-seq data of the T-ALL-iPSCs and H-iPSCs were analyzed. In vitro, the whole-cell lysate antigens of iPSCs were prepared to induce the dendritic cells (DC) maturation, which in turn stimulated the tumor-specific T cells to kill the T-ALL tumor cells (Jurkat, CCRF-CEM, MOLT-4). The cytotoxic T lymphocyte stimulated by the DC-loaded T-ALL-iPSC-derived antigens showed specific cytotoxicity against the T-ALL cells in vitro. In conclusion, the T-ALL-iPSC-based therapeutic cancer vaccine can elicit a specific anti-tumor effect on T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Luning Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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11
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Niknam MR, Attari F. The Potential Applications of Stem Cells for Cancer Treatment. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:26-42. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210810100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
:
Scientists encounter many obstacles in traditional cancer therapies, including the side effects
on the healthy cells, drug resistance, tumor relapse, the short half-life of employed drugs in
the blood circulation, and the improper delivery of drugs toward the tumor site. The unique traits of
stem cells (SCs) such as self-renewal, differentiation, tumor tropism, the release of bioactive
molecules, and immunosuppression have opened a new window for utilizing SCs as a novel tool in
cancer treatment. In this regard, engineered SCs can secrete anti-cancer proteins or express enzymes
used in suicide gene therapy which locally induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells via the bystander
effect. These cells also stand as proper candidates to serve as careers for drug-loaded nanoparticles
or to play suitable hosts for oncolytic viruses. Moreover, they harbor great potential to be
employed in immunotherapy and combination therapy. However, tactful strategies should be devised
to allow easier transplantation and protection of SCs from in vivo immune responses. In spite
of the great hope concerning SCs application in cancer therapy, there are shortcomings and challenges
to be addressed. This review tends to elaborate on recent advances on the various applications
of SCs in cancer therapy and existing challenges in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malikeh Rad Niknam
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Attari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Kishi M, Asgarova A, Desterke C, Chaker D, Artus J, Turhan AG, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Griscelli F. Evidence of Antitumor and Antimetastatic Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:729018. [PMID: 34957134 PMCID: PMC8702815 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.729018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is maintained by the activity of a rare population of self-renewing "cancer stem cells" (CSCs), which are resistant to conventional therapies. CSCs over-express several proteins shared with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We show here that allogenic or autologous murine iPSCs, combined with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), are able to elicit major anti-tumor responses in a highly aggressive triple-negative breast cancer, as a relevant cancer stemness model. This immunotherapy strategy was effective in preventing tumor establishment and efficiently targeted CSCs by inducing extensive modifications of the tumor microenvironment. The anti-tumoral effect was correlated with the generation of CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and CD44+ CD62L- CCR7low CD127low T-effector memory cells, and the reduction of CD4+ CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs, Arg1+ CD11b+ Gr1+, and Arg1+ and CD11b+ Ly6+ myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations within the tumor. The anti-tumoral effect was associated with a reduction in metastatic dissemination and an improvement in the survival rate. These results demonstrate for the first time the clinical relevance of using an off-the-shelf allogeneic iPSC-based vaccine combined with an HDACi as a novel pan-cancer anti-cancer immunotherapy strategy against aggressive tumors harboring stemness features with high metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Kishi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UA9-Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core Facility, CITHERA Infrastructure-INGESTEM, Villejuif, France
| | - Afag Asgarova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UA9-Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core Facility, CITHERA Infrastructure-INGESTEM, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UA9-Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core Facility, CITHERA Infrastructure-INGESTEM, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Diana Chaker
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UA9-Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core Facility, CITHERA Infrastructure-INGESTEM, Villejuif, France
| | - Jérôme Artus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UA9-Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core Facility, CITHERA Infrastructure-INGESTEM, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Ali G Turhan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UA9-Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core Facility, CITHERA Infrastructure-INGESTEM, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,APHP Paris-Saclay Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Sud (AP-HP), Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UA9-Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core Facility, CITHERA Infrastructure-INGESTEM, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,APHP Paris-Saclay Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Sud (AP-HP), Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UA9-Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core Facility, CITHERA Infrastructure-INGESTEM, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France.,Département de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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13
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Krog RT, de Miranda NFCC, Vahrmeijer AL, Kooreman NG. The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Advance the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225789. [PMID: 34830945 PMCID: PMC8616212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite improvements in the treatment of several cancer types, the extremely poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients has remained unchanged over the last decades. Therefore, new therapeutic regimens for pancreatic cancer are highly needed. In this review, we will discuss the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate representative pancreatic cancer models that can aid the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the potential of iPSCs as pancreatic cancer vaccines or as a basis for cellular therapies will be discussed. With promising preclinical results and ongoing clinical trials, the potential of iPSCs to further the treatment of pancreatic cancer is being explored and, in turn, will hopefully provide additional therapies to increase the poor survival rates of this patient population. Abstract Advances in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have had minimal impact on the overall survival of patients. A general lack of immunogenic features and a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) are likely culprits for therapy refractoriness in PDAC. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) should be explored as a means to advance the treatment options for PDAC, by providing representative in vitro models of pancreatic cancer development. In addition, iPSCs could be used for tailor-made cellular immunotherapies or as a source of tumor-associated antigens in the context of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki T. Krog
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.T.K.); (A.L.V.)
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Alexander L. Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.T.K.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Nigel G. Kooreman
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.T.K.); (A.L.V.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zimmermannova O, Caiado I, Ferreira AG, Pereira CF. Cell Fate Reprogramming in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714822. [PMID: 34367185 PMCID: PMC8336566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding how cancer cells interact with the immune system allowed the development of immunotherapeutic strategies, harnessing patients' immune system to fight cancer. Dendritic cell-based vaccines are being explored to reactivate anti-tumor adaptive immunity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR T) were however the main approaches that catapulted the therapeutic success of immunotherapy. Despite their success across a broad range of human cancers, many challenges remain for basic understanding and clinical progress as only a minority of patients benefit from immunotherapy. In addition, cellular immunotherapies face important limitations imposed by the availability and quality of immune cells isolated from donors. Cell fate reprogramming is offering interesting alternatives to meet these challenges. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology not only enables studying immune cell specification but also serves as a platform for the differentiation of a myriad of clinically useful immune cells including T-cells, NK cells, or monocytes at scale. Moreover, the utilization of iPSCs allows introduction of genetic modifications and generation of T/NK cells with enhanced anti-tumor properties. Immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, can also be generated by direct cellular reprogramming employing lineage-specific master regulators bypassing the pluripotent stage. Thus, the cellular reprogramming toolbox is now providing the means to address the potential of patient-tailored immune cell types for cancer immunotherapy. In parallel, development of viral vectors for gene delivery has opened the door for in vivo reprogramming in regenerative medicine, an elegant strategy circumventing the current limitations of in vitro cell manipulation. An analogous paradigm has been recently developed in cancer immunotherapy by the generation of CAR T-cells in vivo. These new ideas on endogenous reprogramming, cross-fertilized from the fields of regenerative medicine and gene therapy, are opening exciting avenues for direct modulation of immune or tumor cells in situ, widening our strategies to remove cancer immunotherapy roadblocks. Here, we review current strategies for cancer immunotherapy, summarize technologies for generation of immune cells by cell fate reprogramming as well as highlight the future potential of inducing these unique cell identities in vivo, providing new and exciting tools for the fast-paced field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zimmermannova
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inês Caiado
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra G. Ferreira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Cancer Vaccines: Promising Therapeutics or an Unattainable Dream. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060668. [PMID: 34207062 PMCID: PMC8233841 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment and offers cancer patients new hope. Although this therapy has proved highly successful for some patients, its efficacy is not all encompassing and several cancer types do not respond. Cancer vaccines offer an alternate approach to promote anti-tumor immunity that differ in their mode of action from antibody-based therapies. Cancer vaccines serve to balance the equilibrium of the crosstalk between the tumor cells and the host immune system. Recent advances in understanding the nature of tumor-mediated tolerogenicity and antigen presentation has aided in the identification of tumor antigens that have the potential to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Cancer vaccines can either be prophylactic (preventative) or therapeutic (curative). An exciting option for therapeutic vaccines is the emergence of personalized vaccines, which are tailor-made and specific for tumor type and individual patient. This review summarizes the current standing of the most promising vaccine strategies with respect to their development and clinical efficacy. We also discuss prospects for future development of stem cell-based prophylactic vaccines.
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16
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Ouyang X, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Guo J, Wei TT, Liu C, Lee B, Chen B, Zhang A, Casey KM, Wang L, Kooreman NG, Habtezion A, Engleman EG, Wu JC. Antitumor effects of iPSC-based cancer vaccine in pancreatic cancer. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1468-1477. [PMID: 33961792 PMCID: PMC8190592 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and cancer cells share cellular similarities and transcriptomic profiles. Here, we show that an iPSC-based cancer vaccine, comprised of autologous iPSCs and CpG, stimulated cytotoxic antitumor CD8+ T cell effector and memory responses, induced cancer-specific humoral immune responses, reduced immunosuppressive CD4+ T regulatory cells, and prevented tumor formation in 75% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mice. We demonstrate that shared gene expression profiles of “iPSC-cancer signature genes” and others are overexpressed in mouse and human iPSC lines, PDAC cells, and multiple human solid tumor types compared with normal tissues. These results support further studies of iPSC vaccination in PDAC in preclinical and clinical models and in other cancer types that have low mutational burdens. The iPSC-based cancer vaccine prevents tumor growth in pancreatic cancer The iPSC-based cancer vaccine induces cytotoxic antitumor T cell and B cell responses The iPSC-based cancer vaccine reduces immune-suppressive Treg cells iPSC-cancer signature genes are upregulated in mouse PDAC and human tumors
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ouyang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bomi Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Binbin Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nigel G Kooreman
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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17
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Barati M, Akhondi M, Mousavi NS, Haghparast N, Ghodsi A, Baharvand H, Ebrahimi M, Hassani SN. Pluripotent Stem Cells: Cancer Study, Therapy, and Vaccination. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1975-1992. [PMID: 34115316 PMCID: PMC8193020 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are promising tools for modern regenerative medicine applications because of their stemness properties, which include unlimited self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into all cell types in the body. Evidence suggests that a rare population of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), exhibit stemness and phenotypic plasticity properties that are primarily responsible for resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, metastasis, cancer development, and tumor relapse. Different therapeutic approaches that target CSCs have been developed for tumor eradication. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this review, we first provide an overview of different viewpoints about the origin of CSCs. Particular attention has been paid to views believe that CSCs are probably appeared through dysregulation of very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) which reside in various tissues as the main candidate for tissue-specific stem cells. The expression of pluripotency markers in these two types of cells can strengthen the validity of this theory. In this regard, we discuss the common properties of CSCs and PSCs, and highlight the potential of PSCs in cancer studies, therapeutic applications, as well as educating the immune system against CSCs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the resemblance of CSCs to PSCs can provide an appropriate source of CSC-specific antigens through cultivation of PSCs which brings to light promising ideas for prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Barati
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhondi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Sabahi Mousavi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Newsha Haghparast
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Ghodsi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Induced Pluripotency Stem Cells-Based Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123581. [PMID: 33266109 PMCID: PMC7760556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in cancer therapy, metastatic solid tumors remain largely incurable. Immunotherapy has emerged as a pioneering and promising approach for cancer therapy and management, and in particular intended for advanced tumors unresponsive to current therapeutics. In cancer immunotherapy, components of the immune system are exploited to eliminate cancer cells and treat patients. The recent clinical successes of immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies represent a turning point in cancer treatment. Despite their potential success, current approaches depend on efficient tumor antigen presentation which are often inaccessible, and most tumors turn refractory to current immunotherapy. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to share several characteristics with cancer (stem) cells (CSCs), eliciting a specific anti-tumoral response when injected in rodent cancer models. Indeed, artificial cellular reprogramming has been widely compared to the biogenesis of CSCs. Here, we will discuss the state-of-the-art on the potential implication of cellular reprogramming and iPSCs for the design of patient-specific immunotherapeutic strategies, debating the similarities between iPSCs and cancer cells and introducing potential strategies that could enhance the efficiency and therapeutic potential of iPSCs-based cancer vaccines.
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19
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Qiao Y, Agboola OS, Hu X, Wu Y, Lei L. Tumorigenic and Immunogenic Properties of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: a Promising Cancer Vaccine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1049-1061. [PMID: 32939647 PMCID: PMC7494249 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are mainly characterized by their unlimited proliferation abilities and potential to develop into almost any cell type. The creation of this technology has been of great interest to many scientific fields, especially regenerative biology. However, concerns about the safety of iPSC application in transplantation have arisen due to the tumorigenic and immunogenic properties of iPSCs. This review will briefly introduce the developing history of somatic reprogramming and applications of iPSC technology in regenerative medicine. In addition, the review will highlight two challenges to the efficient usage of iPSCs and the underlying mechanisms of these challenges. Finally, the review will discuss the expanding application of iPSC technology in cancer immunotherapy as a potential cancer vaccine and its advantages in auxiliary treatment compared with oncofetal antigen-based and embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Oluwafemi Solomon Agboola
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglin Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshuang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China.
- Key laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
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20
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Wang J, Shao L, Wu L, Ma W, Zheng Y, Hu C, Li F. Expression levels of a gene signature in hiPSC associated with lung adenocarcinoma stem cells and its capability in eliciting specific antitumor immune-response in a humanized mice model. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:1603-1612. [PMID: 32314522 PMCID: PMC7262930 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and recurrence. CSC‐based vaccination confers better protection in tumor cells. However, isolation and cultivation of CSCs are difficult. This study aimed to explore the similarities between CSCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Methods ALDH1+ cancer stem cells were isolated from lung adenocarcinoma patients and their gene expression patterns compared with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In addition, a tumor vaccine was developed using hiPSC and unmethylated cytosine‐guanine (CpG). Finally, the antitumor properties of the vaccine were evaluated in a humanized mouse model. Results Preimmunization of iPSC+CpG elicited stronger antigen presentation and cytotoxic T cell response which suppressed the growth of tumors. Adoptive transfer of spleen T cells from the vaccine preimmunized mice inhibited tumor growth in unvaccinated recipients without any side effects. Conclusions This study suggests a universal strategy for tumor therapy which simplifies future clinical procedures. Therefore, the application of hiPSC elicits tumor protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Wang
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Shao
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liujing Wu
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaofeng Hu
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Furong Li
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Lu S, Zhang Z, Du P, Chard LS, Yan W, El Khouri M, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Chu Y, Gao D, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Nagano A, Wang J, Chelala C, Liu J, Chen J, Liu P, Dong Y, Wang S, Li X, Dong J, Lemoine NR, Pei D, Wang Y. A Virus-Infected, Reprogrammed Somatic Cell-Derived Tumor Cell (VIReST) Vaccination Regime Can Prevent Initiation and Progression of Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:465-476. [PMID: 31767564 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers, and late detection renders most tumors refractory to conventional therapies. Development of cancer prophylaxis may be the most realistic option for improving mortality associated with this disease. Here, we develop a novel individualized prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination regimen using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), gene editing, and tumor-targeted replicating oncolytic viruses. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We created a Virus-Infected, Reprogrammed Somatic cell-derived Tumor cell (VIReST) regime. iPSCs from healthy cells were induced to pancreatic tumor cells using in situ gene editing via stable provision of KRas G12D and p53 R172H tumor driver mutations. These cells were preinfected with oncolytic Adenovirus (AdV) as prime or Vaccinia virus (VV) as boost, to improve vaccine immunogenicity, prior to delivery of vaccines in a sequential regime to young KPC transgenic mice, genetically programmed to develop pancreatic cancer, to prevent and delay disease development. RESULTS Tumor cells preinfected with oncolytic AdV as prime or VV as boost were the best regime to induce tumor-specific immunity. iPSC-derived tumor cells were highly related in antigen repertoire to pancreatic cancer cells of KPC transgenic mice, suggesting that an individual's stem cells can provide an antigenically matched whole tumor cell vaccine. The VIReST vaccination primed tumor-specific T-cell responses, resulting in delayed disease emergence and progression and significantly prolonged survival of KPC transgenic mice. Importantly, this regime was well-tolerated and nontoxic. CONCLUSIONS These results provide both proof of concept and a robust technology platform for the development of personalized prophylactic cancer vaccines to prevent pancreatic malignancies in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Lu
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Du
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S Chard
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenli Yan
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Margueritte El Khouri
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongxian Zhang
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Chu
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongling Gao
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinxian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ai Nagano
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiekai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunshu Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengdian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nick R Lemoine
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Tan HL, Choo A. Opportunities for Antibody Discovery Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Conservation of Oncofetal Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5752. [PMID: 31731794 PMCID: PMC6888136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) comprise both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The application of pluripotent stem cells is divided into four main areas, namely: (i) regenerative therapy, (ii) the study and understanding of developmental biology, (iii) drug screening and toxicology and (iv) disease modeling. In this review, we describe a new opportunity for PSCs, the discovery of new biomarkers and generating antibodies against these biomarkers. PSCs are good sources of immunogen for raising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) because of the conservation of oncofetal antigens between PSCs and cancer cells. Hence mAbs generated using PSCs can potentially be applied in two different fields. First, these mAbs can be used in regenerative cell therapy to characterize the PSCs. In addition, the mAbs can be used to separate or eliminate contaminating or residual undifferentiated PSCs from the differentiated cell product. This step is critical as undifferentiated PSCs can form teratomas in vivo. The mAbs generated against PSCs can also be used in the field of oncology. Here, novel targets can be identified and the mAbs developed as targeted therapy to kill the cancer cells. Conversely, as new and novel oncofetal biomarkers are discovered on PSCs, cancer mAbs that are already approved by the FDA can be repurposed for regenerative medicine, thus expediting the route to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Andre Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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23
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Jahanafrooz Z, Mosafer J, Akbari M, Hashemzaei M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. Colon cancer therapy by focusing on colon cancer stem cells and their tumor microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4153-4166. [PMID: 31647128 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite many advances and optimization in colon cancer treatment, tumor recurrence and metastases make the development of new therapies necessary. Colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) are considered as the main triggering factor of cancer progression, recurrence, and metastasis. CCSCs as a result of accumulated genetic and epigenetic alterations and also complex interconnection with the tumor microenvironment (TME) can evolve and convert to full malignant cells. Mounting evidence suggests that in cancer therapy both CCSCs and non-CCSCs in TME have to be regarded to break through the limitation of current therapies. In this regard, stem cell capabilities of some non-CCSCs may arise inside the TME condition. Therefore, a deep knowledge of regulatory mechanisms, heterogeneity, specific markers, and signaling pathways of CCSCs and their interconnection with TME components is needed to improve the treatment of colorectal cancer and the patient's life quality. In this review, we address current different targeted therapeutic options that target cell surface markers and signaling pathways of CCSCs and other components of TME. Current challenges and future perspectives of colon cancer personalized therapy are also provided here. Taken together, based on the deep understanding of biology of CCSCs and using three-dimensional culture technologies, it can be possible to reach successful colon cancer eradication and improvise combination targeted therapies against CCSCs and TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jahanafrooz
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaffar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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24
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Abstract
Introduction: Although many current cancer therapies are effective, the mortality rate globally is unacceptably high. Cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide after heart disease and has caused nearly 10 million deaths in 2018. Additionally, current preventive therapies for cancer are underdeveloped, undermining the quality of life of high-risk individuals. Therefore, new treatment options for targeting cancer are urgently needed. In a recent study, researchers adopted an autologous iPSC-based vaccine to present a broad spectrum of tumor antigens to the immune system and succeeded in orchestrating a strong prophylactic immunity towards multiple types of cancer in mice. Areas covered: In this review, we provide an overview of how cancer develops, the role of immune surveillance in cancer progression, the current status and challenges of cancer immunotherapy as well as the genetic overlap between pluripotent stem cells and cancer cells. Finally, we discuss the rationale for an autologous iPSC-based vaccine and its applications in murine cancer models. Expert opinion: The autologous iPSC-based vaccine is a promising preventive and therapeutic strategy for fighting various types of cancers. Continuing efforts and clinical/translational follow-up studies may bring an autologous iPSC-based cancer vaccination approach from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Mark D Pegram
- Stanford Women's Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
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25
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Ouyang X, Telli ML, Wu JC. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Cancer Vaccines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1510. [PMID: 31338094 PMCID: PMC6628907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a century ago, it was reported that immunization with embryonic/fetal tissue could lead to the rejection of transplanted tumors in animals. Subsequent studies demonstrated that vaccination of embryonic materials in animals induced cellular and humoral immunity against transplantable tumors and carcinogen-induced tumors. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that the shared antigens between tumors and embryonic/fetal tissues (oncofetal antigens) are the key to anti-tumor immune responses in these studies. However, early oncofetal antigen-based cancer vaccines usually utilize xenogeneic or allogeneic embryonic stem cells or tissues, making it difficult to tease apart the anti-tumor immunity elicited by the oncofetal antigens vs. graft-vs.-host responses. Recently, one oncofetal antigen-based cancer vaccine using autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) demonstrated marked prophylactic and therapeutic potential, suggesting critical roles of oncofetal antigens in inducing anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we present an overview of recent studies in the field of oncofetal antigen-based cancer vaccines, including single peptide-based cancer vaccines, embryonic stem cell (ESC)- and iPSC-based whole-cell vaccines, and provide insights on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ouyang
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Melinda L Telli
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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26
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Okada M, Tada Y, Seki T, Tohyama S, Fujita J, Suzuki T, Shimomura M, Ofuji K, Kishino Y, Nakajima K, Tanosaki S, Someya S, Kanazawa H, Senju S, Nakatsura T, Fukuda K. Selective elimination of undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells using pluripotent state-specific immunogenic antigen Glypican-3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:711-717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Pizzato HA, Bhattacharya D. Sending Cancer into the Fetal Position. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:479-480. [PMID: 29625065 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Malignant cells gain the ability to self-renew and reacquire expression of proteins associated with embryonic development. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Kooreman et al. (2018) demonstrate that vaccination of mice with syngeneic inactivated iPSCs generates T cell immunity against embryonic antigens and provides resistance to several different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Pizzato
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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28
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Yaddanapudi K, Meng S, Whitt AG, Al Rayyan N, Richie J, Tu A, Eaton JW, Li C. Exosomes from GM-CSF expressing embryonic stem cells are an effective prophylactic vaccine for cancer prevention. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1561119. [PMID: 30723593 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1561119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The antigenic similarity between embryos and tumors has raised the idea of using embryonic material as a preventative vaccine against neoplastic disease. Indeed, we have previously reported that a vaccine comprises allogeneic murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and murine fibroblasts expressing GM-CSF (to amplify immune responses) successfully blocks the outgrowth of an implantable cancer (Lewis lung carcinoma; LLC) and lung tumors generated in mice using a combination of a mutagen followed by chronic pulmonary inflammation. However, such a vaccine is obviously impractical for application to humans. The use of fibroblasts to generate GM-CSF is needlessly complicated, and intact whole ESCs carry the hazard of generating embryomas/teratomas. Here, we report the successful application of an alternative prophylactic vaccine comprises exosomes derived from murine ESCs engineered to produce GM-CSF. Vaccination of mice with these exosomes significantly slowed or blocked the outgrowth of implanted LLC while control exosomes lacking GM-CSF were ineffective. Examination of tumor-infiltrating immune cells from mice vaccinated with the GM-CSF-expressing exosomes showed robust tumor-reactive CD8+ T effector responses, Th1 cytokine responses, and higher CD8+ T effector/CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cell ratio in the tumors. We conclude that a similar vaccine derived from GM-CSF- expressing human ESCs can be employed as a preventative vaccine for humans with an increased risk of developing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- Immuno-Oncology Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shuhan Meng
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aaron G Whitt
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Numan Al Rayyan
- Immuno-Oncology Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jamaal Richie
- Immuno-Oncology Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Allison Tu
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - John W Eaton
- Immuno-Oncology Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chi Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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29
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Yaddanapudi K, Li C, Eaton JW. Vaccination with induced pluripotent stem cells confers protection against cancer. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:23. [PMID: 30148156 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- Molecular Targets Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Chi Li
- Molecular Targets Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John W Eaton
- Molecular Targets Program, JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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30
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Tan HL, Yong C, Tan BZ, Fong WJ, Padmanabhan J, Chin A, Ding V, Lau A, Zheng L, Bi X, Yang Y, Choo A. Conservation of oncofetal antigens on human embryonic stem cells enables discovery of monoclonal antibodies against cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11608. [PMID: 30072783 PMCID: PMC6072701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used as targeted therapies against cancers. These mAbs kill cancer cells via various mechanisms of actions. In this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) was used as the immunogen to generate a panel of antibodies. From this panel of mAbs, A19 was found to bind both hESC and various cancer cell lines. The antigen target of A19 was identified as Erbb-2 and glycan analysis showed that A19 binds to a N-glycan epitope on the antigen. A19 was elucidated to internalize into cancer cells following binding to Erbb-2 and hence developed as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Using ADC as the mechanism of action, A19 was able to kill cancer cells in vitro and delayed the onset of tumour formation in mice xenograft model. When compared to Herceptin, A19 binds to different isoforms of Erbb-2 and does not compete with Herceptin for the same epitope. Hence, A19 has the potential to be developed as an alternative targeted therapeutic agent for cancers expressing Erbb-2.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Charlene Yong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bao Zhu Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wey Jia Fong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayanthi Padmanabhan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Chin
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Ding
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ally Lau
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lu Zheng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Kooreman NG, Kim Y, de Almeida PE, Termglinchan V, Diecke S, Shao NY, Wei TT, Yi H, Dey D, Nelakanti R, Brouwer TP, Paik DT, Sagiv-Barfi I, Han A, Quax PHA, Hamming JF, Levy R, Davis MM, Wu JC. Autologous iPSC-Based Vaccines Elicit Anti-tumor Responses In Vivo. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:501-513.e7. [PMID: 29456158 PMCID: PMC6134179 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells and embryonic tissues share a number of cellular and molecular properties, suggesting that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may be harnessed to elicit anti-tumor responses in cancer vaccines. RNA sequencing revealed that human and murine iPSCs express tumor-associated antigens, and we show here a proof of principle for using irradiated iPSCs in autologous anti-tumor vaccines. In a prophylactic setting, iPSC vaccines prevent tumor growth in syngeneic murine breast cancer, mesothelioma, and melanoma models. As an adjuvant, the iPSC vaccine inhibited melanoma recurrence at the resection site and reduced metastatic tumor load, which was associated with fewer Th17 cells and increased CD11b+GR1hi myeloid cells. Adoptive transfer of T cells isolated from vaccine-treated tumor-bearing mice inhibited tumor growth in unvaccinated recipients, indicating that the iPSC vaccine promotes an antigen-specific anti-tumor T cell response. Our data suggest an easy, generalizable strategy for multiple types of cancer that could prove highly valuable in clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G Kooreman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Youngkyun Kim
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Patricia E de Almeida
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vittavat Termglinchan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rossle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ning-Yi Shao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hyoju Yi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Devaveena Dey
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Raman Nelakanti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas P Brouwer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - David T Paik
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Idit Sagiv-Barfi
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arnold Han
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap F Hamming
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Levy
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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32
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Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has captured the attention of many scientists. It is believed that elimination of CSCs could possibly eradicate the whole cancer. CSC surface markers provide molecular targeted therapies for various cancers, using therapeutic antibodies specific for the CSC surface markers. Various CSC surface markers have been identified and published. Interestingly, most of the markers used to identify CSCs are derived from surface markers present on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or adult stem cells. In this review, we classify the currently known 40 CSC surface markers into 3 different categories, in terms of their expression in hESCs, adult stem cells, and normal tissue cells. Approximately 73% of current CSC surface markers appear to be present on embryonic or adult stem cells, and they are rarely expressed on normal tissue cells. The remaining CSC surface markers are considerably expressed even in normal tissue cells, and some of them have been extensively validated as CSC surface markers by various research groups. We discuss the significance of the categorized CSC surface markers, and provide insight into why surface markers on hESCs are an attractive source to find novel surface markers on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Kim
- Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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33
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Cua S, Tan HL, Fong WJ, Chin A, Lau A, Ding V, Song Z, Yang Y, Choo A. Targeting of embryonic annexin A2 expressed on ovarian and breast cancer by the novel monoclonal antibody 2448. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13206-13221. [PMID: 29568351 PMCID: PMC5862572 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) play an increasingly important role in cancer therapy. To address the wide heterogeneity of the disease, the identification of novel antigen targets and the development of mAbs against them are needed. Our lab previously generated a panel of mAbs against human embryonic stem cells (hESC) using a whole cell immunization approach in mice. These mAbs can potentially target oncofetal antigens and be repurposed for antibody or antibody drug conjugate (ADC) therapy. From this panel, the novel IgG1 2448 was found to bind surface antigens on hESC and multiple cancer cell lines. Here, we show 2448 targets a unique glycan epitope on annexin A2 (ANXA2) and can potentially monitor the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in ovarian and breast cancer. To evaluate 2448 as a potential drug, 2448 was engineered and expressed as a chimeric IgG1. Chimeric 2448 (ch2448) demonstrated efficient and specific killing when conjugated to cytotoxic payloads as an ADC. In addition, ch2448 elicited potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in vitro and in vivo. Further engineering of ch2448 to remove fucose in the Fc domain enhanced ADCC. Overall, these findings indicate that embryonic ANXA2 is an attractive target and suggest that ch2448 is a promising candidate for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Cua
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Heng Liang Tan
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Wey Jia Fong
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Angela Chin
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Ally Lau
- Proteomics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Ding
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Song
- Expression Engineering 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Animal Cell Technology 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Andre Choo
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117575, Singapore
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34
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Tabatabaei M, Mosaffa N, Ghods R, Nikoo S, Kazemnejad S, Khanmohammadi M, Mirzadegan E, Mahmoudi AR, Bolouri MR, Falak R, Keshavarzi B, Ramezani M, Zarnani AH. Vaccination with human amniotic epithelial cells confer effective protection in a murine model of Colon adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1453-1466. [PMID: 29139122 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a prophylactic cancer vaccine, human amniotic membrane epithelial cells (hAECs) conferred effective protection in a murine model of colon cancer. The immunized mice mounted strong cross-protective CTL and antibody responses. Tumor burden was significantly reduced in tumor-bearing mice after immunization with hAECs. Placental cancer immunotherapy could be a promising approach for primary prevention of cancer. In spite of being the star of therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment, the results of immunotherapeutic approaches are still far from expectations. In this regard, primary prevention of cancer using prophylactic cancer vaccines has gained considerable attention. The immunologic similarities between cancer development and placentation have helped researchers to unravel molecular mechanisms responsible for carcinogenesis and to take advantage of stem cells from reproductive organs to elicit robust anti-cancer immune responses. Here, we showed that vaccination of mice with human amniotic membrane epithelial cells (hAECs) conferred effective protection against colon cancer and led to expansion of systemic and splenic cytotoxic T cell population and induction of cross-protective cytotoxic responses against tumor cells. Vaccinated mice mounted tumor-specific Th1 responses and produced cross-reactive antibodies against cell surface markers of cancer cells. Tumor burden was also significantly reduced in tumor-bearing mice immunized with hAECs. Our findings pave the way for potential future application of hAECs as an effective prophylactic cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tabatabaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Nikoo
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Khanmohammadi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Mirzadegan
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A R Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Bolouri
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Falak
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Keshavarzi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ramezani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - A H Zarnani
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Li J, Chen J, Li X, Qian Y. Vaccination efficacy with marrow mesenchymal stem cell against cancer was enhanced under simulated microgravity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:606-613. [PMID: 28238782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell vaccination can induce consistent and strong anti-tumor immunity against cancer in mice model. The antigenic similarity between tumors and embryos has been appreciated for many years and reflects the expression of embryonic gene products by cancer cells and/or cancer-initiating stem cells. Taking advantage of this similarity, we have tested a prophylactic lung cancer vaccine composed of allogeneic murine MSCs. Based on this conception, we first compared their tumor vaccines intervention effects of adult MSCs and MSCs under simulated microgravity (MSC/SMG). In this study, BALB/c mice were vaccinated with MSCs or MSC/SMG, compared with mice vaccinated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as negative controls. We then subcutaneously implanted the A549 human lung cancer cell line into vaccinated mice and monitored tumor growth potential in vivo. The smaller tumor size and less tumor weight were observed in mice vaccinated with MSCs or MSC/SMG, compared with that of the Control group. Particularly, it was much more significant in the group of MSC/SMG than that group of the MSCs. Vaccination with SMG treated MSCs inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of tumor tissue. SMG/MSC vaccination induced bothTh1-mediated cytokine response; CD8-dependent cytotoxic response which reduced the proportion of Treg cells. Furthermore, SMG/MSC vaccination significantly increased MHC1 and HSPs proteins expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated the SMG could improve tumor-suppressive activity of MSC. The enhanced anti-tumor immune response of MSCs/SMG was strongly associated with the higher expression of MHC class I molecule on DCs, and the abundance of HSPs in the SMG treated MSCs may make antigens in the MSC more cross-presentable to the host DCs for generating protective antitumor activity. This study gains an insight into the mechanism of MSCs anti-tumor efficacy and gives a new strategy for cancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- The TCM Department of Navy General Hospital, Fuchengmen Road No. 6, 100048, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- The Department of Acupuncture and Manipulation of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Road, 712046, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuyu Li
- The TCM Department of Navy General Hospital, Fuchengmen Road No. 6, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Qian
- The TCM Department of Navy General Hospital, Fuchengmen Road No. 6, 100048, Beijing, China
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36
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Zheng Q, Zheng Y, Chen J, You J, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Jiang JJ. A hepatic stem cell vaccine is superior to an embryonic stem cell vaccine in the prophylaxis and treatment of murine hepatocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1716-1724. [PMID: 28098898 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells and cancer cells express a common subset of antigens called oncofetal antigens. Theoretically, vaccination with stem cells is effective at boosting the preexisting anticancer immune response. Herein we describe the efficacy of two stem cell-based vaccines in the prophylaxis and treatment of subcutaneous hepatic tumors transplanted into mice. C57BL/6j mice were vaccinated weekly with either hepatic stem cells (HSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for three weeks, followed by a subcutaneous challenge with Hepa 1-6 cells at one week (group 1) or four weeks (group 2) after vaccination. No tumor formation was observed in HSC-vaccinated mice when challenged within one week after vaccination (group 1), but tumors formed in 10% of mice in the ESC-vaccinated group and in 60% of mice in the unvaccinated group. When the long-term memory response was examined (group 2), only 10% of HSC-vaccinated mice and 20% of ESC-vaccinated mice developed macroscopic hepatocarcinomas compared to 60% of the unvaccinated mice. Besides their function as prophylactic vaccines, administration of either HSC or ESC could be a potential treatment for cancer. In mice with subcutaneous hepatocarcinomas, complete clearance of tumor burden was observed in 80% of mice receiving HSC vaccination, but 40% of ESC-vaccinated mice presented with tumors that did not increase in size over time. These data support that HSC is a superior vaccine candidate for durable antitumor protection in this hepatocarcinoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Yichao Zheng
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Jia You
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Yueyong Zhu
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Yurui Liu
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ji Jiang
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
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37
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Guo M, Dou J. Advances and perspectives of colorectal cancer stem cell vaccine. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:107-20. [PMID: 26653557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is essentially an environmental and genetic disease featured by uncontrolled cell growth and the capability to invade other parts of the body by forming metastases, which inconvertibly cause great damage to tissues and organs. It has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in the developed countries such as United States, and approximately 1.2 million new cases are yearly diagnosed worldwide, with the death rate of more than 600,000 annually and incidence rates are increasing in most developing countries. Apart from the generally accepted theory that pathogenesis of colorectal cancer consists of genetic mutation of a certain target cell and diversifications in tumor microenvironment, the colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) theory makes a different explanation, stating that among millions of colon cancer cells there is a specific and scanty cellular population which possess the capability of self-renewal, differentiation and strong oncogenicity, and is tightly responsible for drug resistance and tumor metastasis. Based on these characteristics, CCSCs are becoming a novel target cells both in the clinical and the basic studies, especially the study of CCSCs vaccines due to induced efficient immune response against CCSCs. This review provides an overview of CCSCs and preparation technics and targeting factors related to CCSCs vaccines in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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38
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Salem ML, El-Badawy AS, Li Z. Immunobiology and signaling pathways of cancer stem cells: implication for cancer therapy. Cytotechnology 2015; 67:749-59. [PMID: 25516358 PMCID: PMC4545436 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) need to survive cancer treatments with a specific end goal to provide new, more differentiated, metastatic-prone cancerous cells. This happens through diverse signals delivered within the tumor microenvironment where ample evidence indicates that altered developmental signaling pathways play an essential role in maintaining CSCs and accordingly the survival and the progression of the tumor itself. This review summarizes findings on the immunobiological properties of CSCs as compared with cancerous non-stem cells involving the expression of immunological molecules, cytokines and tumor antigens as well as the roles of the Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog pathways in the brain, breast and colon CSCs. We concluded that if CSCs are the main driving force behind tumor support and growth then understanding the molecular mechanisms and the immunological properties directing these cells for immune tolerance is of great clinical significance. Such knowledge will contribute to designing better targeted therapies that could prevent tumor recurrence and accordingly significantly improve cancer treatments and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,
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39
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Zhou H, Rao MS. Can cord blood banks transform into induced pluripotent stem cell banks? Cytotherapy 2015; 17:756-764. [PMID: 25770678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the rapid evolution of clinically compliant protocols to generate such lines from a variety of tissue sources has raised the possibility that personalized medicine may be achievable in the near future. Several strategies to deliver iPSCs for iPSC-derived cell-based therapy have been proposed: one such model has been the cell-banking model, using processes developed by the cord blood industry. The cord blood industry has evolved primarily as a banking model in which units of cord blood harvested from discarded placenta are stored either in a public or a private cord blood bank for future use. The consideration of a cord blood--like banking model has been further spurred by the realization that this population of cells is an ideal starting sample to generate pluripotent cells. Spurred by these technological advances, major efforts are underway to develop a current Good Manufacturing Practice--compliant protocol to generate iPSCs from cord blood and to develop a haplobanking strategy. In this article, we discuss the issues that may affect such an effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhou
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York City, New York, USA; Q Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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40
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Kwiatkowska-Borowczyk EP, Gąbka-Buszek A, Jankowski J, Mackiewicz A. Immunotargeting of cancer stem cells. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:A52-9. [PMID: 25691822 PMCID: PMC4322523 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2014.47129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinctive population of tumour cells that control tumour initiation, progression, and maintenance. Their influence is great enough to risk the statement that successful therapeutic strategy must target CSCs in order to eradicate the disease. Because cancer stem cells are highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy, new tools to fight against cancer have to be developed. Expression of antigens such as ALDH, CD44, EpCAM, or CD133, which distinguish CSCs from normal cells, together with CSC immunogenicity and relatively low toxicity of immunotherapies, makes immune targeting of CSCs a promising approach for cancer treatment. This review will present immunotherapeutic approaches using dendritic cells, T cells, pluripotent stem cells, and monoclonal antibodies to target and eliminate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza P. Kwiatkowska-Borowczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Diagnostic and Immunology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Jankowski
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Diagnostic and Immunology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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41
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Yaddanapudi K, Mitchell RA, Eaton JW. Cancer vaccines: Looking to the future. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23403. [PMID: 23802081 PMCID: PMC3661166 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
These are exciting times for the field of cancer immunotherapy. Although the clinical efficacy of monoclonal antibodies has been demonstrated since the early 1990s, the therapeutic profile of other immunotherapeutic approaches-especially vaccines-has not yet been formally clarified. However, the recent success of several immunotherapeutic regimens in cancer patients has boosted the development of this treatment modality. These achievements stemmed from recent scientific advances demonstrating the tolerogenic nature of cancer and the fundamental role of the tumor immune microenvironment in the suppression of antitumor immunity. New immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer attempt to promote protective antitumor immunity while disrupting the immunoregulatory circuits that contribute to tumor tolerance. Cancer vaccines differ from other anticancer immunotherapeutics in that they initiate the dynamic process of activating the immune system so as to successfully re-establish a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and the host. This article reviews recent clinical trials involving several different cancer vaccines and describes some of the most promising immunotherapeutic approaches that harness antitumor T-cell responses. In addition, we describe strategies whereby cancer vaccines can be exploited in combination with other therapeutic approach to overcome-in a synergistic fashion-tumor immunoevasion. Finally, we discuss prospects for the future development of broad spectrum prophylactic anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- Molecular Targets Group; James Graham Brown Cancer Center; University of Louisville; Louisville, KY USA
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42
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Tan Y, Ooi S, Wang L. Immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives: genetic and epigenetic perspectives. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 9:63-72. [PMID: 24160683 PMCID: PMC3873036 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x113086660068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One aim of stem cell-based therapy is to utilize pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as a supplementary source of cells
to repair or replace tissues or organs that have ceased to function due to severe tissue damage. However, PSC-based therapy
requires extensive research to ascertain if PSC derivatives are functional without the risk of tumorigenicity, and also
do not engender severe immune rejection that threatens graft survival and function. Recently, the suitability of induced
pluripotent stem cells applied for patient-tailored cell therapy has been questioned since the discovery of several genetic
and epigenetic aberrations during the reprogramming process. Hence, it is crucial to understand the effect of these abnormalities
on the immunogenicity and survival of PSC grafts. As induced PSC-based therapy represents a hallmark for the
potential solution to prevent and arrest immune rejection, this review also summarizes several up-to-date key findings in
the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H8M5, Canada.
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43
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Koido S, Ito M, Sagawa Y, Okamoto M, Hayashi K, Nagasaki E, Kan S, Komita H, Kamata Y, Homma S. Vaccination with vascular progenitor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells elicits antitumor immunity targeting vascular and tumor cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:459-68. [PMID: 24627093 PMCID: PMC11028528 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination of BALB/c mice with dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with the lysate of induced vascular progenitor (iVP) cells derived from murine-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells significantly suppressed the tumor of CMS-4 fibrosarcomas and prolonged the survival of CMS-4-inoculated mice. This prophylactic antitumor activity was more potent than that of immunization with DCs loaded with iPS cells or CMS-4 tumor cells. Tumors developed slowly in mice vaccinated with DCs loaded with iVP cells (DC/iVP) and exhibited a limited vascular bed. Immunohistochemistry and a tomato-lectin perfusion study demonstrated that the tumors that developed in the iVP-immunized mice showed a marked decrease in tumor vasculature. Immunization with DC/iVP induced a potent suppressive effect on vascular-rich CMS-4 tumors, a weaker effect on BNL tumors with moderate vasculature, and nearly no effect on C26 tumors with poor vasculature. Treatment of DC/iVP-immunized mice with a monoclonal antibody against CD4 or CD8, but not anti-asialo GM1, inhibited the antitumor activity. CD8(+) T cells from DC/iVP-vaccinated mice showed significant cytotoxic activity against murine endothelial cells and CMS-4 cells, whereas CD8(+) T cells from DC/iPS-vaccinated mice did not. DNA microarray analysis showed that the products of 29 vasculature-associated genes shared between genes upregulated by differentiation from iPS cells into iVP cells and genes shared by iVP cells and isolated Flk-1(+) vascular cells in CMS-4 tumor tissue might be possible targets in the immune response. These results suggest that iVP cells from iPS cells could be used as a cancer vaccine targeting tumor vascular cells and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Yukiko Sagawa
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Masato Okamoto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute of Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Hayashi
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
- Division of Clinical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eijiro Nagasaki
- Division of Clinical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kan
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Hideo Komita
- Shimbashi Medical Checkup Office, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kamata
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Sadamu Homma
- Department of Oncology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
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Li Z, Chen L, Rubinstein MP. Cancer immunotherapy: are we there yet? Exp Hematol Oncol 2013; 2:33. [PMID: 24326015 PMCID: PMC4176488 DOI: 10.1186/2162-3619-2-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is the built-in host defense mechanism against infectious agents as well as cancer. Protective immunity against cancer was convincingly demonstrated in the 1940s with syngeneic animal models (JNCI 18:769-778, 1976; Cancer Immun 1:6, 2001). Since then, the last century’s dream has been to effectively prevent and cure cancers by immunological means. This dream has slowly but surely become a reality (Nature 480:480-489, 2011). The successful examples of immunoprophylaxis and therapy against cancers include: (i) targeted therapy using monoclonal antibodies (Nat Rev Cancer 12:278-287, 2012); (ii) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantion to elicit graft-versus-cancer effect against a variety of hematopoietic malignancies (Blood 112:4371-4383, 2008); (iii) vaccination for preventing cancers with clear viral etiology such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer (Cancer J Clin 57:7-28, 2007; NEJM 336:1855-1859, 1997); (iv) T cell checkpoint blockade against inhibitory pathways including targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitory molecules for the treatment of melanoma and other solid tumors (NEJM 363:711-723, 2010; NEJM 366:2443-2454, 2012; NEJM 369:122-133, 2013; NEJM 366:2455-2465, 2012); (v) antigen-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccination against prostate cancer (NEJM 363:411-422, 2010); and (vi) the transfer of T cells including those genetically engineered with chimeric antigen receptors allowing targeting of B cell neoplasms (NEJM 365:725-733, 2011; NEJM 368:1509-1518, 2013; Blood 118:4817-4828, 2013; Sci Transl Med 5:177ra138, 2013). This article provides an overview on the exciting and expanding immunological arsenals against cancer, and discusses critical remaining unanswered questions of cancer immunology. The inherent specificity and memory of the adaptive immune response towards cancer will undoubtedly propel cancer immunotherapy to the forefront of cancer treatment in the immediate near future. Study of the fundamental mechanisms of the immune evasion of cancer shall also advance the field of immunology towards the development of effective immunotherapeutics against a wide spectrum of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihai Li
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Zhang ZJ, Chen XH, Chang XH, Ye X, Li Y, Cui H. Human embryonic stem cells--a potential vaccine for ovarian cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4295-300. [PMID: 23167331 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.9.4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a vaccine to induce an immune response and provide antitumor protection in a rat model. METHODS Cross-reactivity of antigens between hESCs and tumour cells was screened by immunohistochemistry. Fischer 344 rats were divided into 7 groups, with 6 rats in each, immunized with: Group 1, hESC; Group 2, pre-inactivated mitotic NuTu-19; Group 3 PBS; Group 4, hESC; Group 5, pre-inactivated mitotic NuTu-19; Group 6, PBS; Group 7, hESC only. At 1 (Groups 1-3) or 4 weeks (Groups 4-6) after the last vaccination, each rat was challenged intraperitoneally with NuTu-19. Tumor growth and animal survival were closely monitored. Rats immunized with H9 and NuTu- 19 were tested by Western blot analysis of rat orbital venous blood for cytokines produced by Th1 and Th2 cells. RESULTS hESCs presented tumour antigens, markers, and genes related to tumour growth, metastasis, and signal pathway interactions. The vaccine administered to rats in Group 1 led to significant antitumor responses and enhanced tumor rejection in rats with intraperitoneal inoculation of NuTu-19 cells compared to control groups. In contrast, rats in Group 4 did not display any elevation of antitumour responses. Western blot analysis found cross-reactivity among antibodies generated between H9 and NuTu-19. However, the cytokines did not show significant differences, and no side effects were detected. CONCLUSION hESC-based vaccination is a promising modality for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Juan Zhang
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Dong W, Qiu C, Shen H, Liu Q, Du J. Antitumor effect of embryonic stem cells in a non-small cell lung cancer model: antitumor factors and immune responses. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1314-20. [PMID: 23983591 PMCID: PMC3752719 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in recent years has revealed that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) could generate obvious antitumor effects in both vitro and vivo. In vitro, ESCs could secrete soluble factors that are capable of blocking cancer cells proliferation, moreover, embryonic microenvironments could effectively inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis; while in vivo, administration of ESCs in tumor-bearing mice could generate significant antitumor effects by indirectly activating the antitumor immune system. In this study, non-small cell lung cancer cells (Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells, LLCs) and ESCs were co-injected together into mice, after that subcutaneous tumor growth was monitored, cellular and humoral immune responses were detected, and different control groups were set to compare the results in different conditions. Our results suggested that compared to be injected alone, ESCs co-injected with cancer cells could inhibit cancer cell growth more efficiently in vivo, with more CD8+ lymphocytes generated in both peripheral circulation and spleen, and with higher serum anticancer cytokine level (interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ). We conclude that the boosted antitumor effects induced by ESCs and cancer cells co-injection may be both the effects of antitumor factors secreted by ESCs and immune responses induced by ESCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 P.R. China
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Tang C, Weissman IL, Drukker M. Immunogenicity of in vitro maintained and matured populations: potential barriers to engraftment of human pluripotent stem cell derivatives. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1029:17-31. [PMID: 23756939 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-478-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potential to develop into any cell type makes human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) one of the most promising sources for regenerative treatments. Hurdles to their clinical applications include (1) formation of heterogeneously differentiated cultures, (2) the risk of teratoma formation from residual undifferentiated cells, and (3) immune rejection of engrafted cells. The recent production of human isogenic (genetically identical) induced PSCs (hiPSCs) has been proposed as a "solution" to the histocompatibility barrier. In theory, differentiated cells derived from patient-specific hiPSC lines should be histocompatible to their donor/recipient. However, propagation, maintenance, and non-physiologic differentiation of hPSCs in vitro may produce other, likely less powerful, immune responses. In light of recent progress towards the clinical application of hPSCs, this review focuses on two antigen presentation phenomena that may lead to rejection of isogenic hPSC derivates: namely, the expression of aberrant antigens as a result of long-term in vitro maintenance conditions or incomplete somatic cell reprogramming, and the unbalanced presentation of receptors and ligands involved in immune recognition due to accelerated differentiation. Finally, we discuss immunosuppressive approaches that could potentially address these immunological concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Tang
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Zhang Z, Chen X, Chang X, Ye X, Li Y, Cui H. Vaccination with embryonic stem cells generates effective antitumor immunity against ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:147-53. [PMID: 23174760 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, only a few studies have suggested that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) might effectively immunize against colon and lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of hESCs as a vaccine to induce widespread antitumor effects in different animal models and various types of cancer. C57BL/6 mice with ID8 ovarian cancer cell and Fischer 344 rats with NuTu-19 ovarian cancer cell models were used. Fifty-four mice were divided into six groups with nine mice in each group. Each mouse was immunized with pre-inactivated hESCs (H9) or mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs; IVP-ES1) or ID8 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups with six rats in each group, each rat immunized with pre-inactivated hESCs (H9) or NuTu-19 or PBS. After the vaccination, each mouse was challenged with live ID8 cells subcutaneously, and each rat was challenged with live NuTu-19 cells intraperitoneally. We discovered that vaccination of mice with the hESC line H9 and the mESC line IVP-ES1 generated consistent cellular and humoral immune responses against ID8 ovarian cancer. H9 and IVP-ES1 vaccinated mice obtained antitumor immune protection, and H9 vaccinated rats had the longest survival time and least distant metastases. No evidence of side-effects was observed. We also compared the immunogenicity against ovarian cancer between the hESC line, H9, and the mESC line, IVP-ES1, that derived from the inner cell mass in different species. We found that there were no significant differences between them. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed that several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, such as HER-2, C-myc, p53, and nm23, were expressed in H9, many of which were also shared by ovarian cancer. hESC vaccines can induce antitumor effects in two animal models and in ovarian cancer, indicating that the activity of the vaccine is universal, and, more importantly, it is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujuan Zhang
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
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Vaccination with embryonic stem cells protects against lung cancer: is a broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccine against cancer possible? PLoS One 2012; 7:e42289. [PMID: 22860107 PMCID: PMC3409174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigenic similarity between tumors and embryos has been appreciated for many years and reflects the expression of embryonic gene products by cancer cells and/or cancer-initiating stem cells. Taking advantage of this similarity, we have tested a prophylactic lung cancer vaccine composed of allogeneic murine embryonic stem cells (ESC). Naïve C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with ESC along with a source of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in order to provide immunostimulatory adjuvant activity. Vaccinated mice were protected against subsequent challenge with implantable Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). ESC-induced anti-tumor immunity was not due to a non-specific “allo-response” as vaccination with allogeneic murine embryonic fibroblasts did not protect against tumor outgrowth. Vaccine efficacy was associated with robust tumor-reactive primary and memory CD8+ T effector responses, Th1 cytokine response, higher intratumoral CD8+ T effector/CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cell ratio, and reduced myeloid derived suppressor cells in the spleen. Prevention of tumorigenesis was found to require a CD8-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response because in vivo depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes completely abrogated the protective effect of vaccination. Importantly, this vaccination strategy also suppressed the development of lung cancer induced by the combination of carcinogen administration and chronic pulmonary inflammation. Further refinement of this novel vaccine strategy and identification of shared ESC/tumor antigens may lead to immunotherapeutic options for lung cancer patients and, perhaps more importantly, could represent a first step toward the development of prophylactic cancer vaccines.
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50
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Tkach M, Coria L, Rosemblit C, Rivas MA, Proietti CJ, Díaz Flaqué MC, Beguelin W, Frahm I, Charreau EH, Cassataro J, Elizalde PV, Schillaci R. Targeting Stat3 Induces Senescence in Tumor Cells and Elicits Prophylactic and Therapeutic Immune Responses against Breast Cancer Growth Mediated by NK Cells and CD4+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:1162-72. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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